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Saini R, Kumar V, Sourirajan A, Dev K. Fruit Extract and Phenolic Compounds of Phyllanthus emblica Fruits as Bioactivity Enhancer of Chloramphenicol Against Bacterial Species. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024:10.1007/s11130-024-01206-6. [PMID: 38951374 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica L. (syn. Emblica officinalis) fruits have been traditionally exploited to enhance the immune system and provide protection against bacterial and fungal diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the synergistic interactions between chloramphenicol and several phenolic compounds found in P. emblica fruits against bacterial strains. The combination of P. emblica fruit extracts and its phenolic compounds demonstrated synergistic antibacterial activity when used in conjunction with chloramphenicol against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The combination of MICGA with ½MICChl exhibited a significant increase in bioactivity, with a 333.33-fold enhancement against B. subtilis. Similarly, the combination of MICGA with 2MICChl displayed a bioactivity enhancement of 16.02 folds against S. aureus. The co-administration of ½MICQ and ½MICChl resulted in a significant 35.71-fold increase in bioactivity against P. aeruginosa. Similarly, the combination of MIC GA and ½MICChl exhibited a remarkable 166.66-fold enhancement in bioactivity against E. coli. The combinations of 2MICFPE and ½MICChloramphenicol, as well as ½MICGA and ½MICChl demonstrated the highest bioactivity enhancement of 17.85 folds for K. pneumoniae. This study claimed that the fruit extracts of P. emblica and its phenolic compounds could be utilized to augment the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics, which have acquired resistance to bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshandha Saini
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan-173229 HP, Bajhol, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - Anuradha Sourirajan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan-173229 HP, Bajhol, India
| | - Kamal Dev
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan-173229 HP, Bajhol, India.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
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Daniel AI, Smith E, Al-Hashimi A, Gokul A, Keyster M, Klein A. Mechanistic insight into the anti-alternaria activity of bimetallic zinc oxide and silver/zinc oxide nanoparticles. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31330. [PMID: 38803897 PMCID: PMC11129099 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is an opportunistic phytopathogen that negatively impact the growth and production of a wide variety of host plants. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal potential of biogenic ZnO, and bimetallic silver and zinc oxide (Ag/ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized using seed extract of Abrus precatorious and characterized using different analytical tools. In vitro antifungal potentials of ZnO and Ag/ZnO nanoparticles were carried out using the food poison technique. Morphological and ultrastructure of the A. alternata treated with the nanoparticles were carried out using high resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy (HRSEM and HRTEM). In addition, changes in polysaccharide production, chitin content and enzymatic (cellulase and lipase) activities of A. alternata were assayed. Double peak signifying a UVmax of 353.88 and 417.25 nm representing Ag and ZnO respectively was formed in the bimetallic nanoparticles. HRSEM and HRTEM results shows agglomerated nanoparticles with particle and crystallite size of 23.94 and 16.84 nm for ZnO nanoparticles, 35.12 and 28.99 nm for Ag/ZnO nanoparticles respectively. In vitro antifungal assay shows a significant concentration-dependent inhibition (p < 0.05) of A. alternata mycelia with highest percentage inhibition of 73.93 % (ZnO nanoparticles) and 68.26 % (Ag/ZnO nanoparticles) at 200 ppm. HRSEM and HRTEM micrographs of the treated A. alternata mycelia shows alteration of the cellular structure, clearance of the cytoplasmic organelles and localization of the nanoparticles within the cell. A. alternata treated with 200 ppm nanoparticles show a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the polysaccharides and chitin contents, cellulase and lipase activities. The results suggests that ZnO and Ag/ZnO nanoparticles mode of action may be via alteration of the fungal cell wall through the inhibition of polysaccharides, chitin, cellulases and lipases synthesis. ZnO and Ag/ZnO nanoparticles may be a promising tool for the management and control of disease causing fungal phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Innalegwu Daniel
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Enriquay Smith
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Ali Al-Hashimi
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Arun Gokul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Qwaqwa Campus, University of the Free State, Phuthadithjaba, 9866, South Africa
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
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Asghar A, Khalid A, Baqar Z, Hussain N, Saleem MZ, Sairash, Rizwan K. An insights into emerging trends to control the threats of antimicrobial resistance (AMR): an address to public health risks. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:72. [PMID: 38252323 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are used to treat microbial ailments, but increased use of antibiotics and exposure to infections in healthcare facilities and hospitals as well as the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics at the society level lead to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered a public health concern and has rendered the treatment of different infections more challenging. The bacterial strains develop resistance against antimicrobial agents by limiting intracellular drug accumulation (increasing efflux or decreasing influx of antibiotics), modification and inactivation of drugs and its targets, enzymatic inhibition, and biofilm formation. However, the driving factors of AMR include the sociocultural and economic circumstances of a country, the use of falsified and substandard medicines, the use of antibiotics in farm animals, and food processing technologies. These factors make AMR one of the major menaces faced by mankind. In order to promote reciprocal learning, this article summarizes the current AMR situation in Pakistan and how it interacts with the health issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic aids in illuminating the possible long-term impacts of AMR, which are less immediate but not less severe since their measures and effects are equivalent. Impact on other sectors, including the health industry, the economy, and trade are also discussed. We conclude by summarizing the several approaches that could be used to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Asghar
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-E-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aneeza Khalid
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-E-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zulqarnain Baqar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Quaid-E-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zafar Saleem
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Quaid-E-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sairash
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Komal Rizwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, 57000, Pakistan.
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Halawa EM, Fadel M, Al-Rabia MW, Behairy A, Nouh NA, Abdo M, Olga R, Fericean L, Atwa AM, El-Nablaway M, Abdeen A. Antibiotic action and resistance: updated review of mechanisms, spread, influencing factors, and alternative approaches for combating resistance. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1305294. [PMID: 38283841 PMCID: PMC10820715 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1305294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics represent a frequently employed therapeutic modality for the management of bacterial infections across diverse domains, including human health, agriculture, livestock breeding, and fish farming. The efficacy of antibiotics relies on four distinct mechanisms of action, which are discussed in detail in this review, along with accompanying diagrammatic illustrations. Despite their effectiveness, antibiotic resistance has emerged as a significant challenge to treating bacterial infections. Bacteria have developed defense mechanisms against antibiotics, rendering them ineffective. This review delves into the specific mechanisms that bacteria have developed to resist antibiotics, with the help of diagrammatic illustrations. Antibiotic resistance can spread among bacteria through various routes, resulting in previously susceptible bacteria becoming antibiotic-resistant. Multiple factors contribute to the worsening crisis of antibiotic resistance, including human misuse of antibiotics. This review also emphasizes alternative solutions proposed to mitigate the exacerbation of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa M. Halawa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fadel
- Department of Microbial Chemistry, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed W. Al-Rabia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Laboratories-Diagnostic Immunology Division, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Behairy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Nehal A. Nouh
- Department of Microbiology, Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Inpatient Pharmacy, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo
- Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Rada Olga
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Liana Fericean
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ahmed M. Atwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad El-Nablaway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
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Hervin V, Roy V, Agrofoglio LA. Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance-Mur Ligases as an Antibacterial Target. Molecules 2023; 28:8076. [PMID: 38138566 PMCID: PMC10745416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Multidrug Resistance (MDR) strains of bacteria has accelerated the search for new antibacterials. The specific bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway represents opportunities for the development of novel antibacterial agents. Among the enzymes involved, Mur ligases, described herein, and especially the amide ligases MurC-F are key targets for the discovery of multi-inhibitors, as they share common active sites and structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Roy
- ICOA UMR CNRS 7311, Université d’Orléans et CNRS, Rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Luigi A. Agrofoglio
- ICOA UMR CNRS 7311, Université d’Orléans et CNRS, Rue de Chartres, 45067 Orléans, France;
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Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, Alqumber MAA. Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1946. [PMID: 37444780 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are among the most important discoveries of the 20th century, having saved millions of lives from infectious diseases. Microbes have developed acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to many drugs due to high selection pressure from increasing use and misuse of antibiotics over the years. The transmission and acquisition of AMR occur primarily via a human-human interface both within and outside of healthcare facilities. A huge number of interdependent factors related to healthcare and agriculture govern the development of AMR through various drug-resistance mechanisms. The emergence and spread of AMR from the unrestricted use of antimicrobials in livestock feed has been a major contributing factor. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has attained an incongruous level worldwide and threatens global public health as a silent pandemic, necessitating urgent intervention. Therapeutic options of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are limited, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality with high financial impact. The paucity in discovery and supply of new novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections by resistant pathogens stands in sharp contrast to demand. Immediate interventions to contain AMR include surveillance and monitoring, minimizing over-the-counter antibiotics and antibiotics in food animals, access to quality and affordable medicines, vaccines and diagnostics, and enforcement of legislation. An orchestrated collaborative action within and between multiple national and international organizations is required urgently, otherwise, a postantibiotic era can be a more real possibility than an apocalyptic fantasy for the 21st century. This narrative review highlights on this basis, mechanisms and factors in microbial resistance, and key strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Salam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Md Yusuf Al-Amin
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Jogendra Singh Pawar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A A Alqumber
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Al Baha 65431, Saudi Arabia
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Hu T, Xu Z, Zhang P, Fan L, Xi J, Han J, Guo R. Synthesis of Ti 3C 2T x /MnO 2 composites for synergistic catalytic/photothermal-based bacterial inhibition. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2216-2225. [PMID: 37056616 PMCID: PMC10089122 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00923d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Human inflammation caused by bacterial infection threatens global public health. The abuse of antibiotics often leads to the development of drug resistance in bacteria. To address this issue, nanozymes with peroxidase-like (POD-like) activity have often been reported for bacteriostasis with the assistance of catalytic substrate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, it is difficult to achieve efficient bactericidal outcomes only through exertion of the POD-like activity of nanozymes. Here, MnO2 loaded Ti3C2T x (Ti3C2T x /MnO2) was prepared by a two-step reaction method, in which MnO2 showed high oxidase-like (OXD-like) activity to elevate the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) without H2O2 and Ti3C2T x exhibited high photothermal conversion efficiency to induce hyperthermia. Thus, the obtained Ti3C2T x /MnO2 realized synergistic catalytic/photothermal-based bacterial inhibition, including for Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Importantly, Ti3C2T x /MnO2 with near-infrared light irradiation successfully promoted Staphylococcus aureus-infected wound healing in mouse models, representing an alternative treatment to fight against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Zhilong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Peiying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Lei Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Juqun Xi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
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Quiescence of Escherichia coli Aerosols to Survive Mechanical Stress during High-Velocity Collection. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030647. [PMID: 36985220 PMCID: PMC10058004 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A low cutpoint wetted wall bioaerosol sampling cyclone (LCP-WWC), with an aerosol sampling flow rate of 300 L/min at 55″ H2O pressure drop and a continuous liquid outflow rate of about 0.2 mL/min, was developed by upgrading an existing system. The laboratory strain Escherichia coli MG1655 was aerosolized using a six-jet Collison Nebulizer and collected at high velocity using the LCP-WWC for 10 min with different collection liquids. Each sample was quantitated during a 15-day archiving period after aerosolization for culturable counts (CFUs) and gene copy numbers (GCNs) using microbial plating and whole-cell quantitative polymerase chain (qPCR) reaction. The samples were analyzed for protein composition and antimicrobial resistance using protein gel electrophoresis and disc diffusion susceptibility testing. Aerosolization and collection were followed by an initial period of quiescence or dormancy. After 2 days of archiving at 4 °C and RT, the bacteria exhibited increased culturability and antibiotic resistance (ABR), especially to cell wall inhibitors (ampicillin and cephalothin). The number of resistant bacteria on Day 2 increased nearly four-times compared to the number of cells at the initial time of collection. The mechanical stress of aerosolization and high-velocity sampling likely stunned the cells triggering a response of dormancy, though with continued synthesis of vital proteins for survival. This study shows that an increase in intensity in environmental conditions surrounding airborne bacteria affects their ability to grow and their potential to develop antimicrobial resistance.
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Limayem A, Mehta M, Kondos N, Kaushal D, Azam FB, Chellappan S, Qin N, Zhou Q. Evaluation of bactericidal effects of silver hydrosol nanotherapeutics against Enterococcus faecium 1449 drug resistant biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1095156. [PMID: 36710982 PMCID: PMC9875038 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1095156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) are well documented for their broad-spectrum bactericidal effects. This study aimed to test the effect of bioactive Ag-hydrosol NPs on drug-resistant E. faecium 1449 strain and explore the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for automated detection of the bacteria. Methods The formation of E. faecium 1449 biofilms in the absence and presence of Ag-hydrosol NPs at different concentrations ranging from 12.4 mg/L to 123 mg/L was evaluated using a 3-dimentional culture system. The biofilm reduction was evaluated using the confocal microscopy in addition to the Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM) visualization and spectrofluorimetric quantification using a Biotek Synergy Neo2 microplate reader. The cytotoxicity of the NPs was evaluated in human nasal epithelial cells using the MTT assay. The AI technique based on Fast Regional Convolutional Neural Network architecture was used for the automated detection of the bacteria. Results Treatment with Ag-hydrosol NPs at concentrations ranging from 12.4 mg/L to 123 mg/L resulted in 78.09% to 95.20% of biofilm reduction. No statistically significant difference in biofilm reduction was found among different batches of Ag-hydrosol NPs. Quantitative concentration-response relationship analysis indicated that Ag-hydrosol NPs exhibited a relative high anti-biofilm activity and low cytotoxicity with an average EC50 and TC50 values of 0.0333 and 6.55 mg/L, respectively, yielding an average therapeutic index value of 197. The AI-assisted TEM image analysis allowed automated detection of E. faecium 1449 with 97% ~ 99% accuracy. Discussion Conclusively, the bioactive Ag-hydrosol NP is a promising nanotherapeutic agent against drug-resistant pathogens. The AI-assisted TEM image analysis was developed with the potential to assess its treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya Limayem
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate Program, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Alya Limayem, ; Qingyu Zhou,
| | - Mausam Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate Program, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States,Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Natalie Kondos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate Program, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States,Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Divya Kaushal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate Program, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Farhat Binte Azam
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sriram Chellappan
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Nan Qin
- Department of R&D and Analytical Services, Natural Immunogenics Corporation, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Qingyu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate Program, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Alya Limayem, ; Qingyu Zhou,
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González-Villarreal JA, González-Lozano KJ, Aréchiga-Carvajal ET, Morlett-Chávez JA, Luévanos-Escareño MP, Balagurusamy N, Salinas-Santander MA. Molecular mechanisms of multidrug resistance in clinically relevant enteropathogenic bacteria (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:753. [PMID: 36561977 PMCID: PMC9748766 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant (MDR) enteropathogenic bacteria are a growing problem within the clinical environment due to their acquired tolerance to a wide range of antibiotics, thus causing severe illnesses and a tremendous economic impact in the healthcare sector. Due to its difficult treatment, knowledge and understanding of the molecular mechanisms that confer this resistance are needed. The aim of the present review is to describe the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance from a genomic perspective observed in bacteria, including naturally acquired resistance. The present review also discusses common pharmacological and alternative treatments used in cases of infection caused by MDR bacteria, thus covering necessary information for the development of novel antimicrobials and adjuvant molecules inhibiting bacterial proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katia Jamileth González-Lozano
- Microbiology Department, Phytopathology and Mycology Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Genetic Manipulation Unit, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 66459, Mexico
| | - Elva Teresa Aréchiga-Carvajal
- Microbiology Department, Phytopathology and Mycology Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Genetic Manipulation Unit, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León 66459, Mexico
| | - Jesús Antonio Morlett-Chávez
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Saltillo Unit, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25000, Mexico
| | | | - Nagamani Balagurusamy
- Bioremediation Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón, Coahuila 27275, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Andrés Salinas-Santander
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Saltillo Unit, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25000, Mexico,Correspondence to: Dr Mauricio Andrés Salinas-Santander, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Saltillo Unit, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Calle Francisco Murguía Sur 205, Zona Centro, Saltillo, Coahuila 25000, Mexico
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Colicins of Escherichia coli Lead to Resistance against the Diarrhea-Causing Pathogen Enterotoxigenic E. coli in Pigs. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0139622. [PMID: 36190425 PMCID: PMC9603048 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01396-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes can affect host adaptation to various environment conditions. Escherichia coli is a common gut species, including pathogenic strains and nonpathogenic strains. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different E. coli strains in the gut on the health of pigs. In this study, the complete genomes of two E. coli strains isolated from pigs were sequenced. The whole genomes of Y18J and the enterotoxigenic E. coli strain W25K were compared to determine their roles in pig adaptation to disease. Y18J was isolated from feces of healthy piglets and showed strong antimicrobial activity against W25K in vitro. Gene knockout experiments and complementation analysis followed by modeling the microbe-microbe interactions demonstrated that the antagonistic mechanism of Y18J against W25K relied on the bacteriocins colicin B and colicin M. Compared to W25K, Y18J is devoid of exotoxin-coding genes and has more secondary-metabolite-biosynthetic gene clusters. W25K carries more genes involved in genome replication, in accordance with a shorter cell cycle observed during a growth experiment. The analysis of gut metagenomes in different pig breeds showed that colicins B and M were enriched in Laiwu pigs, a Chinese local breed, but were scarce in boars and Duroc pigs. IMPORTANCE This study revealed the heterogeneity of E. coli strains from pigs, including two strains studied by both in silico and wet experiments in detail and 14 strains studied by bioinformatics analysis. E. coli Y18J may improve the adaptability of pigs toward disease resistance through the production of colicins B and M. Our findings could shed light on the pathogenic and harmless roles of E. coli in modern animal husbandry, leading to a better understanding of intestinal-microbe-pathogen interactions in the course of evolution.
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Effects of Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Imipenem and Colistin on Expression of Biofilm-Specific Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes in Acinetobacter baumannii Sequence Type 1894. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012705. [PMID: 36293559 PMCID: PMC9603859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics at suboptimal doses promote biofilm formation and the development of antibiotic resistance. The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, were not investigated. Here, we report the effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of imipenem and colistin on genes associated with biofilm formation and biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance in a multidrug-tolerant clinical strain of Acinetobacter baumannii Sequence Type (ST) 1894. Comparative transcriptome analysis was performed in untreated biofilm and biofilm treated with sub-MIC doses of imipenem and colistin. RNA sequencing data showed that 78 and 285 genes were differentially expressed in imipenem and colistin-treated biofilm cells, respectively. Among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 48 and 197 genes were upregulated exclusively in imipenem and colistin-treated biofilm cells, respectively. The upregulated genes included those encoding matrix synthesis (pgaB), multidrug efflux pump (novel00738), fimbrial proteins, and homoserine lactone synthase (AbaI). Upregulation of biofilm-associated genes might enhance biofilm formation when treated with sub-MICs of antibiotics. The downregulated genes include those encoding DNA gyrase (novel00171), 30S ribosomal protein S20 (novel00584), and ribosome releasing factor (RRF) were downregulated when the biofilm cells were treated with imipenem and colistin. Downregulation of these genes affects protein synthesis, which in turn slows down cell metabolism and makes biofilm cells more tolerant to antibiotics. In this investigation, we also found that 5 of 138 small RNAs (sRNAs) were differentially expressed in biofilm regardless of antibiotic treatment or not. Of these, sRNA00203 showed the highest expression levels in biofilm. sRNAs regulate gene expression and are associated with biofilm formation, which may in turn affect the expression of biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance. In summary, when biofilm cells were exposed to sub-MIC doses of colistin and imipenem, coordinated gene responses result in increased biofilm production, multidrug efflux pump expression, and the slowdown of metabolism, which leads to drug tolerance in biofilm. Targeting antibiotic-induced or repressed biofilm-specific genes represents a new strategy for the development of innovative and effective treatments for biofilm-associated infections caused by A. baumannii.
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13
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Lee B, Shin MK, Yoo JS, Jang W, Sung JS. Identifying novel antimicrobial peptides from venom gland of spider Pardosa astrigera by deep multi-task learning. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:971503. [PMID: 36090084 PMCID: PMC9449525 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.971503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show promises as valuable compounds for developing therapeutic agents to control the worldwide health threat posed by the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Animal venom can be a useful source for screening AMPs due to its various bioactive components. Here, the deep learning model was developed to predict species-specific antimicrobial activity. To overcome the data deficiency, a multi-task learning method was implemented, achieving F1 scores of 0.818, 0.696, 0.814, 0.787, and 0.719 for Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. Peptides PA-Full and PA-Win were identified from the model using different inputs of full and partial sequences, broadening the application of transcriptome data of the spider Pardosa astrigera. Two peptides exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against all five strains along with cytocompatibility. Our approach enables excavating AMPs with high potency, which can be expanded into the fields of biology to address data insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungjo Lee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Shin
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Jung Sun Yoo
- Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Wonhee Jang
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, South Korea
- Wonhee Jang,
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jung-Suk Sung,
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14
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Mira P, Lozano‐Huntelman N, Johnson A, Savage VM, Yeh P. Evolution of antibiotic resistance impacts optimal temperature and growth rate in
Escherichia coli
and
Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2655-2667. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.15736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Portia Mira
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles U.S.A
| | | | - Adrienne Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles U.S.A
| | - Van M. Savage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles U.S.A
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles U.S.A
- Santa Fe Institute Santa Fe New Mexico U.S.A
| | - Pamela Yeh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles U.S.A
- Santa Fe Institute Santa Fe New Mexico U.S.A
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15
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Phytochemical Analysis and Molecular Identification of Green Macroalgae Caulerpa spp. from Bali, Indonesia. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154879. [PMID: 35956828 PMCID: PMC9370202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The studies of the Bulung Boni and Bulung Anggur (Caulerpa spp.) species and secondary metabolites are still very limited. Proper identification will support various aspects, such as cultivation, utilization, and economic interests. Moreover, understanding the secondary metabolites will assist in developing algae-based products. This study aimed to identify these indigenous Caulerpa algae and analyze their bioactive components. The tufA sequence was employed as a molecular marker in DNA barcoding, and its bioactive components were identified using the GC-MS method. The phylogenetic tree was generated in MEGA 11 using the maximum likelihood method, and the robustness of the tree was evaluated using bootstrapping with 1000 replicates. This study revealed that Bulung Boni is strongly connected to Caulerpa cylindracea. However, Bulung Anggur shows no close relationship to other Caulerpa species. GC-MS analysis of ethanolic extracts of Bulung Boni and Bulung Anggur showed the presence of 11 and 13 compounds, respectively. The majority of the compounds found in these algae have been shown to possess biological properties, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and antidiabetic. Further study is necessary to compare the data obtained using different molecular markers in DNA barcoding, and to elucidate other undisclosed compounds in these Caulerpa algae.
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16
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Klahn P, Zscherp R, Jimidar CC. Advances in the Synthesis of Enterobactin, Artificial Analogues, and Enterobactin-Derived Antimicrobial Drug Conjugates and Imaging Tools for Infection Diagnosis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1783-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIron is an essential growth factor for bacteria, but although highly abundant in nature, its bioavailability during infection in the human host or the environment is limited. Therefore, bacteria produce and secrete siderophores to ensure their supply of iron. The triscatecholate siderophore enterobactin and its glycosylated derivatives, the salmochelins, play a crucial role for iron acquisition in several bacteria. As these compounds can serve as carrier molecules for the design of antimicrobial siderophore drug conjugates as well as siderophore-derived tool compounds for the detection of infections with bacteria, their synthesis and the design of artificial analogues is of interest. In this review, we give an overview on the synthesis of enterobactin, biomimetic as well as totally artificial analogues, and related drug-conjugates covering up to 12/2021.1 Introduction2 Antibiotic Crisis and Sideromycins as Natural Templates for New Antimicrobial Drugs3 Biosynthesis of Enterobactin, Salmochelins, and Microcins4 Total Synthesis of Enterobactin and Salmochelins5 Chemoenzymatic Semi-synthesis of Salmochelins and Microcin E492m Derivatives6 Synthesis of Biomimetic Enterobactin Derivatives with Natural Tris-lactone Backbone7 Synthesis of Artificial Enterobactin Derivatives without Tris-lactone Backbone8 Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Klahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Department for Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg
| | - Robert Zscherp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig
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17
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Peng H, Wang YS, Wang J, Li SJ, Sun TL, Liu T, Shi QS, Zhou G, Xie XB. Chemical Components of Aqueous Extracts of Melia azedarach Fruits and Their Effects on The Transcriptome of Staphylococcus aureus. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 70:447-459. [PMID: 35003276 PMCID: PMC8702609 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of numerous and varied clinical infections. Crude aqueous extracts of Melia azedarach fruits inhibit the planktonic growth and initial biofilm formation of S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the biofilm topologies became sparse and decreased as the concentration of the aqueous extracts increased. RNA-Seq analyses revealed 532 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after S. aureus exposure to 0.25 g/ml extracts; 319 of them were upregulated, and 213 were downregulated. The majority of DEGs were categorized into abundant sub-groups in the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Finally, untargeted UHPLC-MS/MS analyses of the aqueous extracts of M. azedarach fruits demonstrated a highly complex profile in positive and negative electrospray ionization modes. The extracts primarily consisted of lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and their derivatives, phenylpropanoids, polyketides, organoheterocyclic compounds, and benzenoids annotated by abundant lipid maps and KEGG pathways. Overall, this study provides evidences that the aqueous extracts of M. azedarach fruits can control S. aureus infections and sought to understand the mode of action of these extracts on S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Si Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Juan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Li Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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18
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Brindangnanam P, Sawant AR, Prashanth K, Coumar MS. Bacterial effluxome as a barrier against antimicrobial agents: structural biology aspects and drug targeting. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:2013695. [PMID: 34957912 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.2013695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is fast becoming a medical crisis affecting the entire global population. The bacterial membrane is the first layer of defense for the bacteria against antimicrobial agents (AMA), specifically transporters in the membrane efflux these AMA out of the bacteria and plays a significant role in the AMR development. Understanding the structure and the functions of these efflux transporters is essential to overcome AMR. This review discusses efflux transporters (primary, secondary, and tripartite), their domain architectures, substrate specificities, and efflux pump inhibitors (EPI). Special emphasis on nosocomial ESKAPEE (Enterococcus faecium., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli) pathogens, their multidrug efflux targets and inhibitors are discussed. Deep knowledge about the functioning of efflux pumps and their structural aspects will open up opportunities for developing new EPI, which could be used along with AMA as combination therapy to overcome the emerging AMR crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pownraj Brindangnanam
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Ajit Ramesh Sawant
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - K Prashanth
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Mohane Selvaraj Coumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
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19
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Zscherp R, Coetzee J, Vornweg J, Grunenberg J, Herrmann J, Müller R, Klahn P. Biomimetic enterobactin analogue mediates iron-uptake and cargo transport into E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10179-10190. [PMID: 34377407 PMCID: PMC8336463 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02084f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The design, synthesis and biological evaluation of the artificial enterobactin analogue EntKL and several fluorophore-conjugates thereof are described. EntKL provides an attachment point for cargos such as fluorophores or antimicrobial payloads. Corresponding conjugates are recognized by outer membrane siderophore receptors of Gram-negative pathogens and retain the natural hydrolyzability of the tris-lactone backbone. Initial density-functional theory (DFT) calculations of the free energies of solvation (ΔG(sol)) and relaxed Fe-O force constants of the corresponding [Fe-EntKL]3- complexes indicated a similar iron binding constant compared to natural enterobactin (Ent). The synthesis of EntKL was achieved via an iterative assembly based on a 3-hydroxylysine building block over 14 steps with an overall yield of 3%. A series of growth recovery assays under iron-limiting conditions with Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant strains that are defective in natural siderophore synthesis revealed a potent concentration-dependent growth promoting effect of EntKL similar to natural Ent. Additionally, four cargo-conjugates differing in molecular size were able to restore growth of E. coli indicating an uptake into the cytosol. P. aeruginosa displayed a stronger uptake promiscuity as six different cargo-conjugates were found to restore growth under iron-limiting conditions. Imaging studies utilizing BODIPYFL-conjugates, demonstrated the ability of EntKL to overcome the Gram-negative outer membrane permeability barrier and thus deliver molecular cargos via the bacterial iron transport machinery of E. coli and P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zscherp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Janetta Coetzee
- Department for Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy at Universität des Saarlandes Campus Building E 8.1 D-66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | - Johannes Vornweg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jörg Grunenberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Department for Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy at Universität des Saarlandes Campus Building E 8.1 D-66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department for Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy at Universität des Saarlandes Campus Building E 8.1 D-66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Site Hannover-Braunschweig Germany
| | - Philipp Klahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
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20
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Qian W, Li X, Yang M, Mao G. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of paeonol against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:666-679. [PMID: 34320877 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1955249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paeonol, the active ingredient of Paeonia lactiflora root bark, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Few studies have reported the antibacterial activity of paeonol against bacterial pathogens. In this study, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm performance of paeonol against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae was investigated as well as its mechanisms of action. Paeonol effectively inhibited the growth of K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 64 μg ml-1 and it was shown to disrupt the integrity of bacterial cell membranes, and alter cell morphology. Moreover, paeonol exhibited a potent inhibitory effect against adhesion and biofilm formation by K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae. In particular, paeonol efficiently compromised cells within biofilms, and dispersed mature biofilms. Therefore, the present study suggests that paeonol is a promising alternative antibacterial and anti-biofilm agent for combating infections caused by planktonic and biofilm cells of K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Gennian Mao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
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21
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AYİPO Y, OSUNNİRAN W, BADEGGİ U, SAHEED I, JIMOH A, BABAMALE H. Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial study of Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes of mixed ligands of piperaquine and diclofenac. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.898523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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22
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Luo Y, Yang Q, Zhang D, Yan W. Mechanisms and Control Strategies of Antibiotic Resistance in Pathological Biofilms. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1-7. [PMID: 33323672 PMCID: PMC9706009 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2010.10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm is a community of bacteria that are embedded and structured in a self-secreted extracellular matrix. An important clinical-related characteristic of bacterial biofilms is that they are much more resistant to antimicrobial agents than the planktonic cells (up to 1,000 times), which is one of the main causes of antibiotic resistance in clinics. Therefore, infections caused by biofilms are notoriously difficult to eradicate, such as lung infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients. Understanding the resistance mechanisms of biofilms will provide direct insights into how we overcome such resistance. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of biofilms and chronic infections associated with bacterial biofilms. We examine the current understanding and research progress on the major mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in biofilms, including quorum sensing. We also discuss the potential strategies that may overcome biofilm-related antibiotic resistance, focusing on targeting biofilm EPSs, blocking quorum sensing signaling, and using recombinant phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Hangzhou 30022, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Hangzhou 30022, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Geriatric Hospital, Hangzhou 30022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone/Fax: +86-571-5600-7510 E-mail:
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23
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Limayem A, Patil SB, Mehta M, Cheng F, Nguyen M. A Streamlined Study on Chitosan-Zinc Oxide Nanomicelle Properties to Mitigate a Drug-Resistant Biofilm Protection Mechanism. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2020.592739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nosocomial multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR), are rapidly circulating from water surfaces to humans away from the clinical setting, forming a cyclical breeding ground of resistance, causing worldwide infections, and thus requiring urgent responses. The combination of chitosan and zinc oxide (CZNPs), with proven bactericidal effects on some MDRs, was further studied to set the stage for a broad-spectrum in vivo utilization of CZNPs. Toward ensuring CZNPs' uniformity and potency, when it faces not only biofilms but also their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) defense mechanism, the size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) were determined through dynamic light scattering (DLS). Furthermore, the efficacy of CZNPs was tested on the inhibition of MDR Gram-negative Escherichia coli BAA-2471 and Gram-positive Enterococcus faecium 1449 models, co-cultured in an Alvatex 3D fiber platform as a biofilm-like structure. The Biotek Synergy Neo2 fluorescent microplate reader was used to detect biofilm shrinkage. The biofilm protection mechanism was elucidated through detection of EPS using 3D confocal and transmission electronic microscopy. Results indicated that 200 μl/mL of CZNPs, made with 50 nm ZnO and 10,000 Da chitosan (N = 369.1 nm; PDI = 0.371; zeta potential = 22.8 mV), was the most promising nanocomposite for MDR biofilm reduction, when compared to CZNPs enclosing ZnO, 18 or 100 nm. This study depicts that CZNPs possess enough potency and versatility to face biofilms' defense mechanism in vivo.
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24
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Wee GN, Han I, Lee TK. Enhanced deflocculation of dehydrated sludge by rhamnolipid treatment coupled with thermal hydrolysis. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 110:66-73. [PMID: 32460106 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a biosurfactant, rhamnolipid (RL), coupled with a thermal treatment was investigated to determine its impact on improving the deflocculation of dehydrated sludge from wastewater treatment processes. Results showed that the RL treatment positively impacted sludge conditioning to weak acidity and hydrolyzed the carbohydrates and proteins released from the matrix of the extracellular polymeric substance. When RL was coupled with high temperature thermal treatments (65 and 95 °C), soluble chemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand solubilization increased by 9.6-19.7 times and 13.4-29.3%, respectively. The RL treatment reduced antibiotic resistant bacteria by 5.4-98.4%, and antibiotic activity was further accelerated by high temperature thermal treatment. The combination of biosurfactant and thermal treatment can effectively deflocculate dehydrated sludge and should be considered an alternative technology for the sludge management process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Nam Wee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Abushaheen MA, Muzaheed, Fatani AJ, Alosaimi M, Mansy W, George M, Acharya S, Rathod S, Divakar DD, Jhugroo C, Vellappally S, Khan AA, Shaik J, Jhugroo P. Antimicrobial resistance, mechanisms and its clinical significance. Dis Mon 2020; 66:100971. [PMID: 32201008 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents play a key role in controlling and curing infectious disease. Soon after the discovery of the first antibiotic, the challenge of antibiotic resistance commenced. Antimicrobial agents use different mechanisms against bacteria to prevent their pathogenesis and they can be classified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic. Antibiotics are one of the antimicrobial agents which has several classes, each with different targets. Consequently, bacteria are endlessly using methods to overcome the effectivity of the antibiotics by using distinct types of mechanisms. Comprehending the mechanisms of resistance is vital for better understanding and to continue use of current antibiotics. Which also helps to formulate synthetic antimicrobials to overcome the current mechanism of resistance. Also, encourage in prudent use and misuse of antimicrobial agents. Thus, decline in treatment costs and in the rate of morbidity and mortality. This review will be concentrating on the mechanism of actions of several antibiotics and how bacteria develop resistance to them, as well as the method of acquiring the resistance in several bacteria and how can a strain be resistant to several types of antibiotics. This review also analyzes the prevalence, major clinical implications, clinical causes of antibiotic resistance. Further, it evaluates the global burden of antimicrobial resistance, identifies various challenges and strategies in addressing the issue. Finally, put forward certain recommendations to prevent the spread and reduce the rate of resistance growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Ali Abushaheen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muzaheed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amal Jamil Fatani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alosaimi
- Consultant, Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Mansy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Merin George
- General Dentist and Public Health Researcher, Australia
| | - Sadananda Acharya
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay Rathod
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga- 585106, India
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chitra Jhugroo
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajith Vellappally
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmed Khan
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jilani Shaik
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Poojdev Jhugroo
- CAP Research Ltd., 2nd Floor Orbis Court, 132 St Jean Road 72218 Quatre Bornes, Mauritius
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Najar IN, Sherpa MT, Das S, Thakur N. Bacterial diversity and functional metagenomics expounding the diversity of xenobiotics, stress, defense and CRISPR gene ontology providing eco-efficiency to Himalayan Hot Springs. Funct Integr Genomics 2020; 20:479-496. [PMID: 31897823 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sikkim is one of the bio-diverse states of India, which harbors diverse alkaline and sulfur rich hot springs in its vicinity. However, there is a dearth of data present in terms of microbial and its functional diversity as only a few hot springs have been studied in this area. Thus, in this regard, microbial and functional diversity of two hot springs by NGS, PLFA, and culture-independent approaches were carried out. PLFA and culture-dependent analysis was complementary as the Gram-positive bacteria were abundant in both the hot springs with the dominance of phylum Firmicutes with Geobacillus. Metagenomic analysis revealed the abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes in both hot springs. Functional metagenomics suggested that both Yumthang and Reshi hot spring possess a diverse set of genes analogous to stress such as genes allied to osmotic, heat shock, and acid stresses; defense analogies such as multidrug resistance efflux pump, multidrug transport system, and β-lactamase; and CRISPR analogues such as related to Cas1, Cas2, Cas3, cmr1-5 proteins, CT1972, and CT1133 gene families. The xenobiotic analogues were found against benzoate, nitrotolune, xylene, DDT, and chlorocyclohexane/chlorobenzene degradation. Thus, these defensive mechanisms against environmental and anthropogenic hiccups and hindrances provide the eco-efficiency to such thermal habitats. The higher enzymatic, degradation, defense, stress potential and the lower percentage identity (< 95%) of isolates encourage the further exploration and exploitation of these habitats for industrial and biotechnological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Nabi Najar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Mingma Thundu Sherpa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Sayak Das
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Nagendra Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biomolecular Engineering, Korean Advance Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Namiecińska E, Sobiesiak M, Małecka M, Guga P, Rozalska B, Budzisz E. Antimicrobial and Structural Properties of Metal Ions Complexes with Thiosemicarbazide Motif and Related Heterocyclic Compounds. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:664-693. [PMID: 29493443 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180228164656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance acquired by various bacterial fungal and viral pathogens poses therapeutic problems of increasing severity. Among the infections that are very difficult to treat, biofilm-associated cases are one of the most hazardous. Complex structure of a biofilm and unique physiology of the biofilm cells contribute to their extremely high resistance to environmental conditions, antimicrobial agents and the mechanisms of host immune response. Therefore, the biofilm formation, especially by multidrugresistant pathogens, is a serious medical problem, playing a pivotal role in the development of chronic and recurrent infections. These factors create a limitation for using traditional chemiotherapeutics and contribute to a request for development of new approaches for treatment of infectious diseases. Therefore, early reports on antimicrobial activity of several complexes of metal ions, bearing thiosemicarbazide or thiosemicarbazones as the ligands, gave a boost to worldwide search for new, more efficient compounds of this class, to be used as alternatives to commonly known drugs. In general, depending on the presence of other heteroatoms, these ligands may function in a di-, tri- or tetradentate forms (e.g., of N,S,-, N,N,S-, N,N,N,S-, N,N,S,S-, or N,S,O-type), which impose different coordination geometries to the resultant complexes. In the first part of this review, we describe the ways of synthesis and the structures of the ligands based on the thiosemicarbazone motif, while the second part deals with the antimicrobial activity of their complexes with selected metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Namiecińska
- Department of Cosmetic Raw Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Sobiesiak
- Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Małecka
- Department of Theoretical and Structural Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Guga
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Rozalska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Budzisz
- Department of Cosmetic Raw Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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28
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Jaouad Y, Villain-Gambier M, Mandi L, Marrot B, Ouazzani N. Key process parameters involved in the treatment of olive mill wastewater by membrane bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:3162-3175. [PMID: 29634406 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1464064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Olive Mill Wastewater (OMWW) biodegradation in an external ceramic membrane bioreactor (MBR) was investigated with a starting acclimation step with a Ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (150 kDa) and no sludge discharge in order to develop a specific biomass adapted to OMWW biodegradation. After acclimation step, UF was replaced by an Microfiltration (MF) membrane (0.1 µm). Sludge Retention Time (SRT) was set around 25 days and Food to Microorganisms ratio (F/M) was fixed at 0.2 kgCOD kgMLVSS-1 d-1. At stable state, removal of the main phenolic compounds (hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were successfully reached (95% both). Considered as a predominant fouling factor, but never quantified in MBR treated OMWW, Soluble Microbial Products (SMP) proteins, polysaccharides and humic substances concentrations were determined (80, 110 and 360 mg L-1 respectively). At the same time, fouling was easily managed due to favourable hydraulic conditions of external ceramic MBR. Therefore, OMWW could be efficiently and durably treated by an MF MBR process under adapted operating parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jaouad
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology Ecotoxicology and Sanitation (LHEA URAC 33), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), BP/511, University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
| | - M Villain-Gambier
- Laboratoire de Reconnaissance et Procédés de Séparation Moléculaire (RePSeM), Université de Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC) , Strasbourg , France
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille , M2P2 UMR 7340, 13545 Aix en Provence , France
| | - L Mandi
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology Ecotoxicology and Sanitation (LHEA URAC 33), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), BP/511, University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
| | - B Marrot
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille , M2P2 UMR 7340, 13545 Aix en Provence , France
| | - N Ouazzani
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology Ecotoxicology and Sanitation (LHEA URAC 33), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), BP/511, University Cadi Ayyad , Marrakech , Morocco
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Rippon MG, Rogers AA, Westgate S. Treating drug-resistant wound pathogens with non-medicated dressings: an in vitro study. J Wound Care 2019; 28:629-638. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2019.28.9.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the in vitro antimicrobial performance of a non-medicated hydro-responsive wound dressing (HRWD) on the sequestration and killing of wound relevant microorganisms found on the World Health Organization (WHO) priority pathogens list. Methods: Suspensions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were placed on petri dishes. Dressings were each placed on top, incubated for 30 minutes and then removed from the inoculated petri dish. The surface of the dressings previously in contact with the bacterial suspensions were placed directly onto a tryptone soy agar (TSA) plate and incubated for 24 hours. Dressings were then removed from the TSA plate and the level of bacterial growth on the plates was assessed. Sequestered microorganism viability was assessed using LIVE/DEAD viability kits and visualisation by epifluorescence. Results: Our results indicated that HRWDs sequester and retain Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and MRSA within the dressing. Non-medicated HRWDs containing bound PHMB (polyhexamethylene biguanide, HRWD+PHMB) killed the microorganisms sequestered within the dressing matrix. Conclusion: These data suggest that non-medicated HRWD+PHMB is an effective against WHO priority pathogens and promoting goal of antimicrobial stewardship in wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G. Rippon
- 1 Visiting Clinical Research Fellow; Huddersfield University, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Alan A. Rogers
- 2 Medical Communications Consultant; Flintshire, North Wales, UK
| | - Samantha Westgate
- 3 Chief Executive Officer Perfectus Biomed Limited, Daresbury Laboratories, SciTech Daresbury, Cheshire, UK
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Liu TT, Yang T, Gao MN, Chen KX, Yang S, Yu KQ, Jiang HL. The inhibitory mechanism of aurintricarboxylic acid targeting serine/threonine phosphatase Stp1 in Staphylococcus aureus: insights from molecular dynamics simulations. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:850-858. [PMID: 30796354 PMCID: PMC6786342 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine phosphatase (Stp1) is a member of the bacterial Mg2+- or Mn2+- dependent protein phosphatase/protein phosphatase 2C family, which is involved in the regulation of Staphylococcus aureus virulence. Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) is a known Stp1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.03 μM, but its inhibitory mechanism has not been elucidated in detail because the Stp1-ATA cocrystal structure has not been determined thus far. In this study, we performed 400 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the apo-Stp1 and Stp1-ATA complex models. During MD simulations, the flap subdomain of the Stp1-ATA complex experienced a clear conformational transition from an open state to a closed state, whereas the flap domain of apo-Stp1 changed from an open state to a semi-open state. In the Stp1-ATA complex model, the hydrogen bond (H-bond) between D137 and N142 disappeared, whereas critical H-bond interactions were formed between Q160 and H13, Q160/R161 and ATA, as well as N162 and D198. Finally, four residues (D137, N142, Q160, and R161) in Stp1 were mutated to alanine and the mutant enzymes were assessed using phosphate enzyme activity assays, which confirmed their important roles in maintaining Stp1 activity. This study indicated the inhibitory mechanism of ATA targeting Stp1 using MD simulations and sheds light on the future design of allosteric Stp1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Liu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Teng Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Mei-Na Gao
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kai-Xian Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Kun-Qian Yu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Hua-Liang Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
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31
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Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Selective Antimicrobial Activity of 2(5 H)-Furanone Derivative against Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030694. [PMID: 30736278 PMCID: PMC6387044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes various infectious diseases, from skin impetigo to life-threatening bacteremia and sepsis, thus appearing an important target for antimicrobial therapeutics. In turn, the rapid development of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation makes it extremely robust against treatment. Here, we unravel the molecular mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of the recently unveiled F105 consisting of three pharmacophores: chlorinated 2(5H)-furanone, sulfone, and l-menthol moieties. F105 demonstrates highly selective activity against Gram-positive bacteria and biofilm-embedded S. aureus and exhibits low risk of resistance development. We show explicitly that the fluorescent analogue of F105 rapidly penetrates into Gram-positive bacteria independently of their cell integrity and viability and accumulates there. By contrast, Gram-negative bacteria remain impermeable and, therefore, insusceptible to F105. Apparently, in bacterial cells, F105 induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and nonspecifically interacts with a number of proteins, including ROS-utilizing ones. Using native and 2D PAGE, we confirm that F105 changes the charge of some proteins by either oxidation or direct interaction with them. Therefore, it seems justified to conclude that being simultaneously a ROS inducer and damaging proteins responsible for ROS utilization, F105 impairs the cellular anti-ROS defense representing a prospective ROS-inducing antibacterial agent.
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32
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Reddy GM, Garcia JR, Zyryanov GV, Sravya G, Reddy NB. Pyranopyrazoles as efficient antimicrobial agents: Green, one pot and multicomponent approach. Bioorg Chem 2019; 82:324-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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33
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Bacci C, Vismarra A, Dander S, Barilli E, Superchi P. Occurrence and Antimicrobial Profile of Bacterial Pathogens in Former Foodstuff Meat Products Used for Pet Diets. J Food Prot 2019; 82:316-324. [PMID: 30688534 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
European legislation stipulates that food no longer intended for human consumption, due to commercial reasons, manufacturing problems, or some defect, can be used in pet feed. However, the presence of former foodstuffs in pet diets could constitute a public health issue because pets can act as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes. In this study, for the first time, biological hazards due to the presence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in former foodstuff meat products were evaluated. Among the 112 samples of packaged fresh meat (poultry, pork, and beef) collected from cold storage warehouses of a mass market retailer, the overall prevalence of E. coli and Salmonella, the prevalence of strains with multidrug resistance, the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of strains that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase, and the presence of biofilm producers were assessed. A high prevalence of E. coli was observed in former foodstuffs of poultry (100%), pork (100%), and beef (93.3%). Salmonella Derby and Salmonella Typhimurium were found in 11.5% of the poultry samples, and Salmonella Typhimurium was found in 13.3% of the pork samples. Salmonella was not recovered from the beef samples. Multidrug resistance was found in E. coli and Salmonella isolates from poultry, pork, and beef. Overall, 18.2% of E. coli isolates and 20% of Salmonella isolates were resistant to various types of antibiotics with various mechanisms of action. Salmonella isolates from pork are an important source of extended-spectrum β-lactamase production. Both E. coli and Salmonella were carriers of antibiotic resistance marker genes ( blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M) associated with β-lactamase production in poultry and pork. Approximately 30% of the E. coli isolates from the various types of meat were phenotypically biofilm producers, and all carried the fimH gene. These findings indicate that the use of former foodstuff meat products in pet diets can represent a risk for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1332-6080 [C.B.])
| | - Alice Vismarra
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1332-6080 [C.B.])
| | - Silvia Dander
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1332-6080 [C.B.])
| | - Elena Barilli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1332-6080 [C.B.])
| | - Paola Superchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1332-6080 [C.B.])
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34
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Separate and combined effects of lactic acid, chitosan and modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf life of quail carcass under chilled conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 289:215-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Gundolf T, Rauch B, Kalb R, Rossmanith P, Mester P. Influence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide modifications on the efficacy of antimicrobial ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.08.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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36
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Zhou G, Wang YS, Peng H, Huang XM, Xie XB, Shi QS. Role of Ttca of Citrobacter Werkmanii in Bacterial Growth, Biocides Resistance, Biofilm Formation and Swimming Motility. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2644. [PMID: 30200616 PMCID: PMC6165289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To screen, identify and study the genes involved in isothiazolone resistance and biofilm formation in Citrobacter werkmanii strain BF-6. A Tn5 transposon library of approximately 900 mutants of C. werkmanii strain BF-6 was generated and screened to isolate 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) resistant strains. In addition, the tRNA 2-thiocytidine (32) synthetase gene (ttcA) was deleted through homologous recombination and the resulting phenotypic changes of the ΔttcA mutant were studied. A total of 3 genes were successfully identified, among which ΔttcA mutant exhibited a reduction in growth rate and swimming motility. On the other hand, an increase in biofilms formation in ΔttcA were observed but not with a significant resistance enhancement to BIT. This work, for the first time, highlights the role of ttcA gene of C. werkmanii strain BF-6 in BIT resistance and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China.
| | - Ying-Si Wang
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China.
| | - Hong Peng
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China.
| | - Xiao-Mo Huang
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China.
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China.
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510070, China.
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Abu Bakar M, McKimm J, Haque SZ, Majumder MAA, Haque M. Chronic tonsillitis and biofilms: a brief overview of treatment modalities. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:329-337. [PMID: 30233227 PMCID: PMC6134941 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s162486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent tonsillitis is described as when an individual suffers from several attacks of tonsillitis per year. Chronic and recurrent tonsillitis both cause repeated occurrences of inflamed tonsils which have a significant impact on a patient's quality of life. Numerous children suffer from recurrent tonsillitis and sore throats, and these illnesses become part of their life. Antimicrobials can provide temporary relief, but in many cases, tonsillitis recurs. The cause of such recurrent infections have been identified as microorganisms which often create biofilms and a repository of infection in the wet and warm folds of the tonsils. This review discusses different treatment modalities, their advantages and disadvantages, and new treatment options focusing on biofilms. All treatment options should be selected based on evidence and individual need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
| | - Judy McKimm
- Swansea University School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, wales, UK
| | | | | | - Mainul Haque
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
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38
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Dias FR, Novais JS, Devillart TADNS, da Silva WA, Ferreira MO, Loureiro RDS, Campos VR, Ferreira VF, de Souza MC, Castro HC, Cunha AC. Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of amino sugar-based naphthoquinones and isoquinoline-5,8-diones and their halogenated compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Pourhajibagher M, Bahador A. An in vivo evaluation of microbial diversity before and after the photo-activated disinfection in primary endodontic infections: Traditional phenotypic and molecular approaches. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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40
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Mashwal FA, El Safi SH, George SK, Adam AA, Jebakumar AZ. Incidence and molecular characterization of the extended spectrum beta lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2018; 38:811-815. [PMID: 28762433 PMCID: PMC5556297 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2017.8.18578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To find the prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli)-producing extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) at King Fahd Military Medical Complex in Dhahran (KFMMC) and to detect the genes responsible for its production. In addition, we determined the pattern of multi-drug resistance among isolates. Methods: A total of 117 uropathogenic E. coli isolates were collected from KFMMC over a period of 4 months from March 2014 to June 2014. These were received in the Microbiology Laboratory at Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences (PSMCHS), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia for analysis. The isolates were screened for ESBL using VITEK® 2 Compact. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination was used to determine TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes. Results: Our findings indicated that there is a high incidence of ESBLs among the E. coli isolated from UTI (23.1%). Our study also indicated that CTX-M genes are the most prevalent among the isolates at KFMMC followed by TEM class (6%), but there was also a higher percentage E. coli (3.4%) simultaneously harboring TEM and CTX-M genes. None of our isolates harbored the SHV genes. Conclusion: The findings document the threat of ESBL among E. coli isolates from UTI especially the CTX-M class in our hospital with the occurrence of these strains as etiologic agents of infection in the hospital and community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad A Mashwal
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Vargiu AV, Ramaswamy VK, Malloci G, Malvacio I, Atzori A, Ruggerone P. Computer simulations of the activity of RND efflux pumps. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:384-392. [PMID: 29407044 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The putative mechanism by which bacterial RND-type multidrug efflux pumps recognize and transport their substrates is a complex and fascinating enigma of structural biology. How a single protein can recognize a huge number of unrelated compounds and transport them through one or just a few mechanisms is an amazing feature not yet completely unveiled. The appearance of cooperativity further complicates the understanding of structure-dynamics-activity relationships in these complex machineries. Experimental techniques may have limited access to the molecular determinants and to the energetics of key processes regulating the activity of these pumps. Computer simulations are a complementary approach that can help unveil these features and inspire new experiments. Here we review recent computational studies that addressed the various molecular processes regulating the activity of RND efflux pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Vittorio Vargiu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Venkata Krishnan Ramaswamy
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Giuliano Malloci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Ivana Malvacio
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Alessio Atzori
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Paolo Ruggerone
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
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Vargiu AV, Ramaswamy VK, Malvacio I, Malloci G, Kleinekathöfer U, Ruggerone P. Water-mediated interactions enable smooth substrate transport in a bacterial efflux pump. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:836-845. [PMID: 29339082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efflux pumps of the Resistance-Nodulation-cell Division superfamily confer multi-drug resistance to Gram-negative bacteria. The most-studied polyspecific transporter belonging to this class is the inner-membrane trimeric antiporter AcrB of Escherichia coli. In previous studies, a functional rotation mechanism was proposed for its functioning, according to which the three monomers undergo concerted conformational changes facilitating the extrusion of substrates. However, the molecular determinants and the energetics of this mechanism still remain unknown, so its feasibility must be proven mechanistically. METHODS A computational protocol able to mimic the functional rotation mechanism in AcrB was developed. By using multi-bias molecular dynamics simulations we characterized the translocation of the substrate doxorubicin driven by conformational changes of the protein. In addition, we estimated for the first time the free energy profile associated to this process. RESULTS We provided a molecular view of the process in agreement with experimental data. Moreover, we showed that the conformational changes occurring in AcrB enable the formation of a layer of structured waters on the internal surface of the transport channel. This water layer, in turn, allows for a fairly constant hydration of the substrate, facilitating its diffusion over a smooth free energy profile. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a new molecular mechanism of polyspecific transport whereby water contributes by screening potentially strong substrate-protein interactions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We provided a mechanistic understanding of a fundamental process related to multi-drug transport. Our results can help rationalizing the behavior of other polyspecific transporters and designing compounds avoiding extrusion or inhibitors of efflux pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Vittorio Vargiu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, s.p. 8, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Venkata Krishnan Ramaswamy
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, s.p. 8, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Ivana Malvacio
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, s.p. 8, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Giuliano Malloci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, s.p. 8, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Ulrich Kleinekathöfer
- Department of Physics & Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Paolo Ruggerone
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, s.p. 8, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
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Kaisersberger Vincek M, Mor A, Gorgieva S, Kokol V. Antibacterial activity and cytotoxycity of gelatine-conjugated lysine-based peptides. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:3110-3126. [PMID: 28771959 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the coupling approach (chemical by using carbodiimide chemistry, and enzymatic by using transglutaminase) of a hydrophilic ɛ-poly-L-lysine (ɛPL) and a structurally-hydrophobic oligo-acyl-lysyl (OAK) to a gelatine (GEL) macromolecule, and their antibacterial activity against Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus bacteria, as well as cytotoxicity to human osteoblast cells was studied as potential macromolecules for biomedical applications. Different spectroscopic (ultraviolet-visible, infrared, fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance) and separation (size-exclusion chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis) techniques, as well as zeta-potential analysis were performed to confirm the ɛPL/OAK covalent coupling and to determine their amount and orientation of the immobilization. The highest and kinetically the fastest reduction of bacteria (≥77% against E. coli vs. ≥82% against S. aureus) was achieved with GEL functionalized with ɛPL/OAK by the chemical grafting-to approach being correlated with conformationally the highly-flexible ˝brush-like˝ orientation linkage of peptides, enable its targeted and rapid interactions with bacteria membrane. The up to 400-fold lower yield of OAKs being immobilized may be related also to its cationic charge and hydrophobic alkyl chain moieties, compared to more hydrophilic ɛPL easily causing random polymerization and self-conjugation. The ɛPL/OAK-functionalized GEL did not induce citotoxicity to osteoblasts, even at ∼25-fold higher concentration than bacterial minimum inhibitory (MIC) concentration of ɛPL/OAK. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3110-3126, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kaisersberger Vincek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Amram Mor
- Department of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Selestina Gorgieva
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Vanja Kokol
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Henriques A, Fraqueza M. Biofilm-forming ability and biocide susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from the ready-to-eat meat-based food products food chain. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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de Aguiar Coletti TMSF, de Freitas LM, Almeida AMF, Fontana CR. Optimization of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Biofilms by Inhibiting Efflux Pump. Photomed Laser Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Marise de Freitas
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Helgadóttir S, Pandit S, Mokkapati VRSS, Westerlund F, Apell P, Mijakovic I. Vitamin C Pretreatment Enhances the Antibacterial Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:43. [PMID: 28275584 PMCID: PMC5319976 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are three-dimensional structures containing bacterial cells enveloped in a protective polymeric matrix, which renders them highly resistant to antibiotics and the human immune system. Therefore, the capacity to make biofilms is considered as a major virulence factor for pathogenic bacteria. Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) is known to be quite efficient in eradicating planktonic bacteria, but its effectiveness against biofilms has not been thoroughly investigated. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of exposure of CAP against mature biofilm for different time intervals and to evaluate the effect of combined treatment with vitamin C. We demonstrate that CAP is not very effective against 48 h mature bacterial biofilms of several common opportunistic pathogens: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, if bacterial biofilms are pre-treated with vitamin C for 15 min before exposure to CAP, a significantly stronger bactericidal effect can be obtained. Vitamin C pretreatment enhances the bactericidal effect of cold plasma by reducing the viability from 10 to 2% in E. coli biofilm, 50 to 11% in P. aeruginosa, and 61 to 18% in S. epidermidis biofilm. Since it is not feasible to use extended CAP treatments in medical practice, we argue that the pre-treatment of infectious lesions with vitamin C prior to CAP exposure can be a viable route for efficient eradication of bacterial biofilms in many different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saga Helgadóttir
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Santosh Pandit
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Venkata R S S Mokkapati
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Westerlund
- Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Apell
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Division, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of DenmarkLyngby, Denmark
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Jorge P, Pérez-Pérez M, Pérez Rodríguez G, Fdez-Riverola F, Pereira MO, Lourenço A. Construction of antimicrobial peptide-drug combination networks from scientific literature based on a semi-automated curation workflow. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2016; 2016:baw143. [PMID: 28025336 PMCID: PMC5199187 DOI: 10.1093/database/baw143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Considerable research efforts are being invested in the development of novel antimicrobial therapies effective against the growing number of multi-drug resistant pathogens. Notably, the combination of different agents is increasingly explored as means to exploit and improve individual agent actions while minimizing microorganism resistance. Although there are several databases on antimicrobial agents, scientific literature is the primary source of information on experimental antimicrobial combination testing. This work presents a semi-automated database curation workflow that supports the mining of scientific literature and enables the reconstruction of recently documented antimicrobial combinations. Currently, the database contains data on antimicrobial combinations that have been experimentally tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Candida albicans, which are prominent pathogenic organisms and are well-known for their wide and growing resistance to conventional antimicrobials. Researchers are able to explore the experimental results for a single organism or across organisms. Likewise, researchers may look into indirect network associations and identify new potential combinations to be tested. The database is available without charges. Database URL:http://sing.ei.uvigo.es/antimicrobialCombination/
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jorge
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Martín Pérez-Pérez
- ESEI - Department of Computer Science, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Olívia Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Anália Lourenço
- ESEI - Department of Computer Science, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain .,CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Patil V, Barragan E, Patil SA, Patil SA, Bugarin A. Direct Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Structurally Complex Chalcones. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Patil
- Centre for Nano & Material Sciences; Jain University; Jain Global Campus; Bangalore 562112, Karnataka India
| | - Enrique Barragan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX 76019 USA
| | - Shivaputra A. Patil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy; Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science; 3333 Green Bay Road North Chicago IL 60064, USA
| | - Siddappa A. Patil
- Centre for Nano & Material Sciences; Jain University; Jain Global Campus; Bangalore 562112, Karnataka India
| | - Alejandro Bugarin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX 76019 USA
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Ribeiro SM, Felício MR, Boas EV, Gonçalves S, Costa FF, Samy RP, Santos NC, Franco OL. New frontiers for anti-biofilm drug development. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 160:133-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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García-Gareta E, Davidson C, Levin A, Coathup MJ, Blunn GW. Biofilm formation in total hip arthroplasty: prevention and treatment. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09583f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review assesses the current knowledge on treatments, pathogenesis and the prevention of infections associated with orthopaedic implants, with a focus on total hip arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Davidson
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
- University College London
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
| | - Alexandra Levin
- RAFT Institute of Plastic Surgery
- Mount Vernon Hospital
- Northwood HA6 2RN
- UK
| | - Melanie J. Coathup
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
- University College London
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
| | - Gordon W. Blunn
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
- University College London
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
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