1
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Ye H, Ma Z, Liu L, Zhang T, Han Q, Xiang Z, Xia Y, Ke Y, Guan X, Shi Q, Ataullakhanov FI, Panteleev M. Thrombus Inhibition and Neuroprotection for Ischemic Stroke Treatment through Platelet Regulation and ROS Scavenging. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200317. [PMID: 36220787 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is caused by cerebrovascular stenosis or occlusion. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the focus-triggering factor of irreversible injury in ischemic regions, which result in harmful cascading effects to brain tissue, such as inflammation and microthrombus formation. In the present work, we designed nanodelivery systems (NDSs) based on MnO2 loaded with Ginkgolide B (GB) for restoring the intracerebral microenvironment in ischemic stroke, such as ROS scavenging, O2 elevation, thrombus inhibition and damage repair. GB can activate the endogenous antioxidant defense of cells by enhancing the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway, thus protecting brain tissue from oxidative damage. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is also a therapeutic obstacle for the delivery of these agents to ischemic regions. MnO2 nanoparticles have an inherent BBB penetration effect, which enhances the delivery of therapeutic agents within brain tissue. MnO2 , with mimicking enzymatic activity, can catalyze the decomposition of overproduced H2 O2 in the ischemic microenvironment to O2 , meanwhile releasing platelet-antagonizing GB molecules, thus alleviating cerebral hypoxia, oxidative stress damage, and microthrombus generation. This study may provide a promising therapeutic route for regulating the microenvironment of ischemic stroke through a combined function of ROS scavenging, microthrombus inhibition, and BBB penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Ye
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Ma
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tianci Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoyi Han
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zehong Xiang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yue Ke
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Guan
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fazly I Ataullakhanov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 117198, Russia.,Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail Panteleev
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, 117198, Russia
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2
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Rivas MV, Musikant D, Díaz Peña R, Álvarez D, Pelazzo L, Rossi E, Martínez KD, Errea MI, Pérez OE, Varela O, Kolender AA. Carbohydrate-Derived Polytriazole Nanoparticles Enhance the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cilostazol. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44631-44642. [PMID: 36530317 PMCID: PMC9753171 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Poly(amide-triazole) and poly(ester-triazole) synthesized from d-galactose as a renewable resource were applied for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) by the emulsification/solvent evaporation method. The NPs were characterized as stable, spherical particles, and none of their components, including the stabilizer poly(vinyl alcohol), were cytotoxic for normal rat kidney cells. These NPs proved to be useful for the efficient encapsulation of cilostazol (CLZ), an antiplatelet and vasodilator drug currently used for the treatment of intermittent claudication, which is associated with undesired side-effects. In this context, the nanoencapsulation of CLZ was expected to improve its therapeutic administration. The carbohydrate-derived polymeric NPs were designed taking into account that the triazole rings of the polymer backbone could have attractive interactions with the tetrazole ring of CLZ. The activity of the nanoencapsulated CLZ was measured using a matrix metalloproteinase model in a lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation system. Interestingly, the encapsulated drug exhibited enhanced anti-inflammatory activity in comparison with the free drug. The results are very promising since the stable, noncytotoxic NP systems efficiently reduced the inflammation response at low CLZ doses. In summary, the NPs were obtained through an innovative methodology that combines a carbohydrate-derived synthetic polymer, designed to interact with the drug, ease of preparation, adequate biological performance, and environmentally friendly production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Verónica Rivas
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
- Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono
(CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria,
Pabellón 2, C1428EHABuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Musikant
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
- Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Instituto de Química Biológica de la
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Díaz Peña
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
- Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Instituto de Química Biológica de la
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Álvarez
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
- Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Instituto de Química Biológica de la
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Pelazzo
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
- Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono
(CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria,
Pabellón 2, C1428EHABuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Rossi
- Instituto
Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Lavardén 315, C1437FBGBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina D. Martínez
- Facultad
de Arquitectura Diseño y Urbanismo, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 3, C1428EHABuenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional
de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros
y Nanotecnología (ITPN), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 3, C1428EHABuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María I. Errea
- Instituto
Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), Lavardén 315, C1437FBGBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar E. Pérez
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
- Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Instituto de Química Biológica de la
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Varela
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
- Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono
(CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria,
Pabellón 2, C1428EHABuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana A. Kolender
- Universidad
de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón
2, C1428EHABuenos
Aires, Argentina
- Consejo
Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UBA, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono
(CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria,
Pabellón 2, C1428EHABuenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Freeze-drying of drug nanosuspension– study of formulation and processing factors for the optimization and characterization of redispersible cilostazol nanocrystals. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Oaku Y, Abe A, Sasano Y, Sasaki F, Kubota C, Yamamoto N, Nagahama T, Nagai N. Minoxidil Nanoparticles Targeting Hair Follicles Enhance Hair Growth in C57BL/6 Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050947. [PMID: 35631533 PMCID: PMC9145891 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that 1% minoxidil (MXD) nanoparticles prepared using a bead mill method led to an increase I n hair follicle delivery and hair growth in C57BL/6 mice. In the present study, we designed a nanoparticle formulation containing 5% MXD (MXD-NPs) using the bead mill method and investigated the hair-growth effect of MXD-NPs and a commercially available MXD solution (CA-MXD). Hair growth and in vivo permeation studies were conducted using C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, we examined the MXD contents in the upper (hair bulge) and the lower hair follicle (hair bulb) and observed the hair follicle epithelial stem cells (HFSC) by immunohistochemical staining using the CD200 antibody. The mean particle size of the MXD in the MXD-NPs was 139.8 nm ± 8.9 nm. The hair-growth effect of the MXD-NPs was higher than that of CA-MXD, and the MXD content in the hair bulge of mice treated with MXD-NPs was 7.4-fold that of the mice treated with CA-MXD. In addition, the activation of HFSC was observed around the bulge in the MXD-NPs-treated mice. We showed that MXD-NPs enable the accumulation of MXD in the upper hair follicles more efficiently than CA-MXD, leading the activation of HFSC and the hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Oaku
- Research & Development Headquarters Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshinocho, Saitama 331-9530, Japan; (Y.O.); (A.A.); (T.N.)
| | - Akinari Abe
- Research & Development Headquarters Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshinocho, Saitama 331-9530, Japan; (Y.O.); (A.A.); (T.N.)
| | - Yohei Sasano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan; (Y.S.); (F.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Fuka Sasaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan; (Y.S.); (F.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Chika Kubota
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan; (Y.S.); (F.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Center for Clinical Trial and Research Support, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Tohru Nagahama
- Research & Development Headquarters Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshinocho, Saitama 331-9530, Japan; (Y.O.); (A.A.); (T.N.)
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka 577-8502, Japan; (Y.S.); (F.S.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-4307-3638
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5
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Jakubowska E, Milanowski B, Lulek J. A Systematic Approach to the Development of Cilostazol Nanosuspension by Liquid Antisolvent Precipitation (LASP) and Its Combination with Ultrasound. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212406. [PMID: 34830298 PMCID: PMC8619020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosizing is an approach to improve the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. The first aim of this work was to develop nanosuspension of cilostazol with liquid antisolvent precipitation (LASP) and its combination with ultrasound. Second, to systematically study the effect of bottom-up processing factors on precipitated particles’ size and identify the optimal settings for the best reduction. After solvent and stabilizer screening, in-depth process characterization and optimization was performed using Design of Experiments. The work discusses the influence of critical factors found with statistical analysis: feed concentration, stabilizer amount, stirring speed and ultrasound energy governed by time and amplitude. LASP alone only generated particle size of a few microns, but combination with ultrasound was successful in nanosizing (d10 = 0.06, d50 = 0.33, d90 = 1.45 µm). Micro- and nanosuspension’s stability, particle morphology and solid state were studied. Nanosuspension displayed higher apparent solubility than equilibrium and superior dissolution rate over coarse cilostazol and microsuspension. A bottom-up method of precipitation-sonication was demonstrated to be a successful approach to improve the dissolution characteristics of poorly soluble, BCS class II drug cilostazol by reducing its particle size below micron scale, while retaining nanosuspension stability and unchanged crystalline form.
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6
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He W, Zhang Z, Sha X. Nanoparticles-mediated emerging approaches for effective treatment of ischemic stroke. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121111. [PMID: 34488117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke leads to high disability and mortality. The limited delivery efficiency of most therapeutic substances is a major challenge for effective treatment of ischemic stroke. Inspired by the prominent merit of nanoscale particles in brain targeting and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, various functional nanoparticles have been designed as promising drug delivery platforms that are expected to improve the therapeutic effect of ischemic stroke. Based on the complex pathological mechanisms of ischemic stroke, this review outline and summarize the rationally designed nanoparticles-mediated emerging approaches for effective treatment of ischemic stroke, including recanalization therapy, neuroprotection therapy, and combination therapy. On this bases, the potentials and challenges of nanoparticles in the treatment of ischemic stroke are revealed, and new thoughts and perspectives are proposed for the design of feasible nanoparticles for effective treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianyi Sha
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 120 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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7
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Transdermal System Based on Solid Cilostazol Nanoparticles Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Brain Injury in Mice. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11041009. [PMID: 33920878 PMCID: PMC8071240 DOI: 10.3390/nano11041009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cilostazol (CIL) exerted a protective effect by promoting blood-brain barrier integrity as well as improving the status of neurological dysfunctions following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We attempted to design a 0.5% CIL carbopol gel using solid nanoparticles (CIL-Ngel), and then investigated the relationships between energy-dependent endocytosis and the skin penetration of CIL-Ngel in this study. In addition, we evaluated whether the CIL-Ngel attenuated I/R-induced brain injury in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion model mouse. The particle size of CIL was decreased using a bead mill, and the CIL particles (14.9 × 1014 particles/0.3 g) in the CIL-Ngel were approximately 50-180 nm. The release of CIL in the CIL-Ngel was higher than that in gel containing CIL powder (CIL-Mgel), and the CIL particles were released from the CIL-Ngel as nanoparticles. In addition, the percutaneous absorption of CIL from the CIL-Ngel was higher in comparison with that from CIL-Mgel, and clathrin-dependent endocytosis and caveolae-dependent endocytosis were related to the enhanced skin penetration of CIL-NPs. In the traditional (oral administration of CIL powder, 3 mg/kg) and transdermal administration (CIL-Ngel, 0.3 g) for 3 days (once a day), the area under the plasma CIL concentration-time curves (AUC) was similar, although the CIL supplied to the blood by the CIL-Ngel was more sustained than that via oral administration of CIL powder. Furthermore, the CIL-Ngel attenuated the ischemic stroke. In conclusion, we designed a gel using solid CIL-NPs, and we showed that the sustained release of CIL by CIL-Ngel provided an effective treatment for ischemic stroke in MCAO/reperfusion model mice. These findings induce the possibilities of developing novel applications of CIL solid nanoparticles.
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8
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Yang SB, Li XL, Li K, Zhang XX, Yuan M, Guo YS, Bi X. The colossal role of H-MnO 2-PEG in ischemic stroke. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 33:102362. [PMID: 33476765 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most serious problems that seriously affect people's health and brings huge economic burden to society. The development of new nanocarriers with desired degradability and targeted ability is of great significance for efficient drug delivery. In recent years, nano drug delivery system has developed rapidly and applied to treat ischemic stroke. Here, we report the synthesis and functionalization of monodisperse hollow structured MnO2 (H-MnO2). The highly monodisperse H-MnO2 with uniform morphology was obtained by in situ growing MnO2 on solid silica nanoparticles and subsequently removing the silica core. After successive modification of poly ethylene glycol(PEG), we further verified their protective effect on ischemic stroke in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Bin Yang
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Liu Li
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Mei Yuan
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Sha Guo
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Morisaki Y, Nakagawa I, Ogawa Y, Yokoyama S, Furuta T, Saito Y, Nakase H. Ischemic Postconditioning Reduces NMDA Receptor Currents Through the Opening of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore and K ATP Channel in Mouse Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:1079-1089. [PMID: 33159622 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning (PostC) is known to reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, whether the opening of mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium (mito-KATP) channels and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) cause the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane that remains unknown. We examined the involvement of the mito-KATP channel and the mPTP in the PostC mechanism. Ischemic PostC consisted of three cycles of 15 s reperfusion and 15 s re-ischemia, and was started 30 s after the 7.5 min ischemic load. We recorded N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR)-mediated currents and measured cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations, and mitochondrial membrane potentials in mouse hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Both ischemic PostC and the application of a mito-KATP channel opener, diazoxide, reduced NMDAR-mediated currents, and suppressed cytosolic Ca2+ elevations during the early reperfusion period. An mPTP blocker, cyclosporine A, abolished the reducing effect of PostC on NMDAR currents. Furthermore, both ischemic PostC and the application of diazoxide potentiated the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. These results indicate that ischemic PostC suppresses Ca2+ influx into the cytoplasm by reducing NMDAR-mediated currents through mPTP opening. The present study suggests that depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential by opening of the mito-KATP channel is essential to the mechanism of PostC in neuroprotection against anoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Morisaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijocho 840, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijocho 840, Kashihara, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Ogawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nara Medical University, Shijocho 840, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shohei Yokoyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijocho 840, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takanori Furuta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijocho 840, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Saito
- Department of Neurophysiology, Nara Medical University, Shijocho 840, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Shijocho 840, Kashihara, Japan
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10
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González-Nieto D, Fernández-Serra R, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Panetsos F, Martinez-Murillo R, Guinea GV. Biomaterials to Neuroprotect the Stroke Brain: A Large Opportunity for Narrow Time Windows. Cells 2020; 9:E1074. [PMID: 32357544 PMCID: PMC7291200 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke represents one of the most prevalent pathologies in humans and is a leading cause of death and disability. Anti-thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and surgical thrombectomy are the primary treatments to recanalize occluded vessels and normalize the blood flow in ischemic and peri-ischemic regions. A large majority of stroke patients are refractory to treatment or are not eligible due to the narrow time window of therapeutic efficacy. In recent decades, we have significantly increased our knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that inexorably lead to progressive damage in infarcted and peri-lesional brain areas. As a result, promising neuroprotective targets have been identified and exploited in several stroke models. However, these considerable advances have been unsuccessful in clinical contexts. This lack of clinical translatability and the emerging use of biomaterials in different biomedical disciplines have contributed to developing a new class of biomaterial-based systems for the better control of drug delivery in cerebral disorders. These systems are based on specific polymer formulations structured in nanoparticles and hydrogels that can be administered through different routes and, in general, bring the concentrations of drugs to therapeutic levels for prolonged times. In this review, we first provide the general context of the molecular and cellular mechanisms impaired by cerebral ischemia, highlighting the role of excitotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and depolarization waves as the main pathways and targets to promote neuroprotection avoiding neuronal dysfunction. In the second part, we discuss the versatile role played by distinct biomaterials and formats to support the sustained administration of particular compounds to neuroprotect the cerebral tissue at risk of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Nieto
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.F.-S.); (J.P.-R.); (G.V.G.)
- Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Fernández-Serra
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.F.-S.); (J.P.-R.); (G.V.G.)
- Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.F.-S.); (J.P.-R.); (G.V.G.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Neurocomputing and Neurorobotics Research Group: Faculty of Biology and Faculty of Optics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Brain Plasticity Group, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gustavo V. Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.F.-S.); (J.P.-R.); (G.V.G.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Nagai N, Ishii M, Seiriki R, Ogata F, Otake H, Nakazawa Y, Okamoto N, Kanai K, Kawasaki N. Novel Sustained-Release Drug Delivery System for Dry Eye Therapy by Rebamipide Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E155. [PMID: 32075200 PMCID: PMC7076486 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The commercially available rebamipide ophthalmic suspension (CA-REB) was approved for clinical use in patients with dry eye; however, the residence time on the ocular surface for the traditional formulations is short, since the drug is removed from the ocular surface through the nasolacrimal duct. In this study, we designed a novel sustained-release drug delivery system (DDS) for dry eye therapy by rebamipide nanoparticles. The rebamipide solid nanoparticle-based ophthalmic formulation (REB-NPs) was prepared by a bead mill using additives (2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and methylcellulose) and a gel base (carbopol). The rebamipide particles formed are ellipsoid, with a particle size in the range of 40-200 nm. The rebamipide in the REB-NPs applied to eyelids was delivered into the lacrimal fluid through the meibomian glands, and sustained drug release was observed in comparison with CA-REB. Moreover, the REB-NPs increased the mucin levels in the lacrimal fluid and healed tear film breakup levels in an N-acetylcysteine-treated rabbit model. The information about this novel DDS route and creation of a nano-formulation can be used to design further studies aimed at therapy for dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.I.); (R.S.); (F.O.); (H.O.); (N.K.)
| | - Miyu Ishii
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.I.); (R.S.); (F.O.); (H.O.); (N.K.)
| | - Ryotaro Seiriki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.I.); (R.S.); (F.O.); (H.O.); (N.K.)
| | - Fumihiko Ogata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.I.); (R.S.); (F.O.); (H.O.); (N.K.)
| | - Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.I.); (R.S.); (F.O.); (H.O.); (N.K.)
| | - Yosuke Nakazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan;
| | - Norio Okamoto
- Okamoto Eye Clinic, 5-11-12-312 Izumicho, Suita, Osaka 564-0041, Japan;
| | - Kazutaka Kanai
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kitasato, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan;
| | - Naohito Kawasaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.I.); (R.S.); (F.O.); (H.O.); (N.K.)
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12
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Nagai N, Fukuoka Y, Sato K, Otake H, Taga A, Oka M, Hiramatsu N, Yamamoto N. The Intravitreal Injection of Lanosterol Nanoparticles Rescues Lens Structure Collapse at an Early Stage in Shumiya Cataract Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031048. [PMID: 32033321 PMCID: PMC7036956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed an intravitreal injection formulation containing lanosterol nanoparticles (LAN-NPs) via the bead mill method and evaluated the therapeutic effect of LAN-NPs on lens structure collapse and opacification using two rat cataract models (SCR-N, rats with slight lens structure collapse; SCR-C, rats with the combination of a remarkable lens structure collapse and opacification). The particle size of lanosterol in the LAN-NPs was around 50–400 nm. A single injection of LAN-NPs (0.5%) supplied lanosterol into the lens for 48 h, and no irritation or muddiness was observed following repeated injections of LAN-NPs for 6 weeks (once every 2 days). Moreover, LAN-NPs repaired the slight collapse of the lens structure in SCR-N. Although the remarkable changes in the lens structure of SCR-C were not repaired by LAN-NP, the onset of opacification was delayed. In addition, the increase of cataract-related factors (Ca2+ contents, nitric oxide levels, lipid peroxidation and calpain activity levels) in the lenses of SCR-C was attenuated by the repeated injection of LAN-NPs. It is possible that a deficiency of lanosterol promotes the production of oxidative stress. In conclusion, it is difficult to improve serious structural collapse with posterior movement of the lens nucleus with a supplement of lanosterol via LAN-NPs. However, the intravitreal injection of LAN-NPs was found to repair the space and structural collapse in the early stages in the lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (Y.F.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-4307-3638
| | - Yuya Fukuoka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (Y.F.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Kanta Sato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (Y.F.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (Y.F.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Atsushi Taga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (Y.F.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Mikako Oka
- Faculty of pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan;
| | - Noriko Hiramatsu
- Laboratory of Molecularbiology and Histochemistry, Fujita Health University Institute of Joint Research, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan; (N.H.); (N.Y.)
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecularbiology and Histochemistry, Fujita Health University Institute of Joint Research, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan; (N.H.); (N.Y.)
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13
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Nozohouri S, Sifat AE, Vaidya B, Abbruscato TJ. Novel approaches for the delivery of therapeutics in ischemic stroke. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:535-551. [PMID: 31978522 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we review novel approaches to deliver neuroprotective drugs to salvageable penumbral brain areas of stroke injury with the goals of offsetting ischemic brain injury and enhancing recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Ali Ehsan Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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14
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Nagai N, Sakamoto R, Yamamoto S, Deguchi S, Otake H, Tanino T. Solid Nanocrystals of Rebamipide Promote Recovery from Indomethacin-Induced Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20204990. [PMID: 31600995 PMCID: PMC6834168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Indomethacin (IMC)-induced gastrointestinal (GI) injuries are more common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients than in other IMC users, and the overexpression of nitric oxide (NO) via inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is related to the seriousness of IMC-induced GI injuries. However, sufficient strategies to prevent IMC-induced GI injuries have not yet been established. In this study, we designed dispersions of rebamipide (RBM) solid nanocrystals (particle size: 30–190 nm) by a bead mill method (RBM-NDs), and investigated whether the oral administration of RBM-NDs is useful to prevent IMC-induced GI injuries. The RBM nanocrystals were spherical and had a solubility 4.71-fold greater than dispersions of traditional RBM powder (RBM-TDs). In addition, the RBM-NDs were stable for 1 month after preparation. The RBM contents in the stomach, jejunum, and ileum of rats orally administered RBM-NDs were significantly higher than in rats administered RBM-TDs. Moreover, the oral administration of RBM-NDs decreased the NO levels via iNOS and area of the GI lesions in IMC-stimulated RA (adjuvant-induced arthritis rat) rats in comparison with the oral administration of RBM-TDs. Thus, we show that the oral administration of RBM-NDs provides a high drug supply to the GI mucosa, resulting in a therapeutic effect on IMC-induced GI injuries. Solid nanocrystalline RBM preparations may offer effective therapy for RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Ryusuke Sakamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Saori Deguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Tadatoshi Tanino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-Cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
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15
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Nagai N, Iwai Y, Sakamoto A, Otake H, Oaku Y, Abe A, Nagahama T. Drug Delivery System Based On Minoxidil Nanoparticles Promotes Hair Growth In C57BL/6 Mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7921-7931. [PMID: 31632009 PMCID: PMC6778480 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s225496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We designed formulations based on minoxidil (MXD) nanoparticles (N-MXD) and examined whether N-MXD can increase drug delivery into the follicles. In addition, we investigated the effect of N-MXD on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice. Methods N-MXD (1%) was prepared as follows: methylcellulose, p-hydroxyalkylbenzoates, mannitol, and MXD were dispersed in purified water and milled using zirconia beads under refrigeration (5500 rpm, 30 s×15 times, intermittent milling). C57BL/6 mice were used to evaluate hair-growth effects. The expression levels of mRNA and protein for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were determined by real-time PCR and ELISA methods, respectively. Results The ratio of solid-MXD was approximately 60% in N-MXD, and the MXD nanoparticles (90-300 nm) were oblong in shape. For the design of nanomedicines, usability is important. Therefore, we measured the stability and toxicity after N-MXD treatment. No agglutination of MXD nanoparticles was detected for 2 weeks, and no redness or MXD powder residue was observed in the skin after repetitive applications of N-MXD. Next, we evaluated hair-growth effects by N-MXD treatment. MXD contents in the skin tissue from N-MXD were lower than for commercially available MXD formulations (CA-MXD). Conversely, MXD contents in the hair bulbs were higher for N-MXD than for CA-MXD, and the drug efficacy of N-MXD was also higher than that of CA-MXD. In addition, the mRNA and protein levels of IGF-1 and VEGF were enhanced by the repetitive application of N-MXD and CA-MXD, and the enhanced IGF-1 and VEGF levels were significantly higher for N-MXD than for CA-MXD. Conclusion We designed a novel nanomedicine based on MXD nanoparticles and showed that N-MXD can deliver MXD into hair bulbs via hair follicles and that the therapeutic efficiency for hair growth is higher than for CA-MXD (solution type).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshie Iwai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Akane Sakamoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oaku
- Research & Development Laboratories Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Akinari Abe
- Research & Development Laboratories Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama 331-9530, Japan
| | - Tohru Nagahama
- Research & Development Laboratories Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama 331-9530, Japan
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16
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Bolan F, Louca I, Heal C, Cunningham CJ. The Potential of Biomaterial-Based Approaches as Therapies for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pre-clinical Studies. Front Neurol 2019; 10:924. [PMID: 31507524 PMCID: PMC6718570 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years pre-clinical stroke research has shown increased interest in the development of biomaterial-based therapies to promote tissue repair and functional recovery. Such strategies utilize biomaterials as structural support for tissue regeneration or as delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents. While a range of biomaterials have been tested in stroke models, currently no overview is available for evaluating the benefit of these approaches. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the use of biomaterials for the treatment of stroke in experimental animal models. Methods: Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science) and reference lists of relevant review articles. Studies reporting lesion volume and/or neurological score were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using DerSimonian and Laird random effects. Study quality and risk of bias was assessed using the CAMARADES checklist. Publication bias was visualized by funnel plots followed by trim and fill analysis of missing publications. Results: A total of 66 publications were included in the systematic review, of which 44 (86 comparisons) were assessed in the meta-analysis. Overall, biomaterial-based interventions improved both lesion volume (SMD: -2.98, 95% CI: -3.48, -2.48) and neurological score (SMD: -2.3, 95% CI: -2.85, -1.76). The median score on the CAMARADES checklist was 5.5/10 (IQR 4.25-6). Funnel plots of lesion volume and neurological score data revealed pronounced asymmetry and publication bias. Additionally, trim and fill analysis estimated 19 "missing" studies for the lesion volume outcome adjusting the effect size to -1.91 (95% CI: -2.44, -1.38). Conclusions: Biomaterials including scaffolds and particles exerted a positive effect on histological and neurological outcomes in pre-clinical stroke models. However, heterogeneity in the field, publication bias and study quality scores which may be another source of bias call for standardization of outcome measures and improved study reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Bolan
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Louca
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Calvin Heal
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Centre for Biostatistics, Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catriona J. Cunningham
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Catriona J. Cunningham
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17
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Liu J, Jiang Y, Zhang G, Lin Z, Du S. Protective effect of edaravone on blood-brain barrier by affecting NRF-2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2437-2442. [PMID: 31555355 PMCID: PMC6755265 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective effect of edaravone on blood-brain barrier (BBB) in experimental cerebral infarction rats was investigated. SD rats were prepared as the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model and randomly divided into 4 groups: cerebral infarction model group, edaravone low, medium and high dose groups. Healthy rats only for operation and no filament were selected as the sham operation control group. Rats in the cerebral infarction model group and the control group were given normal saline, and those in the edaravone low, medium and high dose groups were given edaravone 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. The survival status, the body weight and neurological function score before and after treatment, the brain water content and the permeability of the blood-brain barrier after treatment were measured. The expression levels of NFE2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1) in rat brain tissue were detected by western blotting. Levels of peripheral blood malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were detected by ELISA. The state of the rats in three edaravone groups was improved compared with that of the cerebral infarction group. Compared with the cerebral infarction model group, the body weight was significantly increased after treatment and the neurological function score, brain tissue water content and BBB permeability were significantly decreased in three edaravone groups (P<0.05). Compared with the model group of cerebral infarction, the expression of NRF-2 and HO-1 in the brain of the three edaravone groups was significantly higher (P<0.05). Compared with the model group of cerebral infarction, the expression of MDA and GSH in the three edaravone groups was significantly decreased, GSH and SOD was increased (P<0.05), in a dose-dependent manner. Edaravone might play a protective role in the BBB by activating the NRF-2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Fourth Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Fourth Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Guangping Zhang
- Fourth Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Zaihong Lin
- Fourth Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Shu Du
- Fourth Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
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18
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Samal J, Rebelo AL, Pandit A. A window into the brain: Tools to assess pre-clinical efficacy of biomaterials-based therapies on central nervous system disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:68-145. [PMID: 30710594 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic conveyance into the brain is a cardinal requirement for treatment of diverse central nervous system (CNS) disorders and associated pathophysiology. Effectual shielding of the brain by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) sieves out major proportion of therapeutics with the exception of small lipophilic molecules. Various nano-delivery systems (NDS) provide an effective solution around this obstacle owing to their small size and targeting properties. To date, these systems have been used for several pre-clinical disease models including glioma, neurodegenerative diseases and psychotic disorders. An efficacy screen for these systems involves a test battery designed to probe into the multiple facets of therapeutic delivery. Despite their wide application in redressing various disease targets, the efficacy evaluation strategies for all can be broadly grouped into four modalities, namely: histological, bio-imaging, molecular and behavioural. This review presents a comprehensive insight into all of these modalities along with their strengths and weaknesses as well as perspectives on an ideal design for a panel of tests to screen brain nano-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Samal
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ana Lucia Rebelo
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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19
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Nagai N, Iwai Y, Deguchi S, Otake H, Kanai K, Okamoto N, Shimomura Y. Therapeutic Potential of a Combination of Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles and Sericin for Epithelial Corneal Wound Healing. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9050768. [PMID: 31109118 PMCID: PMC6567023 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We previously found the instillation of sericin to be useful as therapy for keratopathy with or without diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated whether a combination of solid magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (MHN) enhances epithelial corneal wound healing by sericin using rabbits, normal rats and type 2 diabetes mellitus rats with debrided corneal epithelium (ex vivo and in vivo studies). Ophthalmic formulations containing sericin and MHN (N-Ser) were prepared using a bead mill method. The mean particle size of the N-Ser was 110.3 nm at the time of preparation, and 148.1 nm one month later. The instillation of N-Ser had no effect on the amount of lacrimal fluid in normal rabbits (in vivo), but the MHN in N-Ser was found to expand the intercellular space in ex vivo rat corneas. In addition, the instillation of N-Ser increased the phosphorylation of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK)1/2, a factor involved in cell adhesion and cell proliferation in the corneal epithelium, in comparison with the instillation of sericin alone. The combination with MHN enhanced epithelial corneal wound healing by sericin in rat debrided corneal epithelium (in vivo). This study provides significant information to prepare potent drugs to cure severe keratopathy, such as diabetic keratopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Yoshie Iwai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Saori Deguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Kazutaka Kanai
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kitasato, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Norio Okamoto
- Okamoto Eye Clinic, 5-11-12-312 Izumicho, Suita, Osaka 564-0041, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Shimomura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuchu Hospital, 1-10-17 Hikocho, Izumi, Osaka 594-0076, Japan.
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20
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Energy-Dependent Endocytosis is Involved in the Absorption of Indomethacin Nanoparticles in the Small Intestine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030476. [PMID: 30678310 PMCID: PMC6387232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that oral formulations containing indomethacin nanoparticles (IND-NPs) showed high bioavailability, and, consequently, improved therapeutic effects and reduced injury to the small intestine. However, the pathway for the transintestinal penetration of nanoparticles remained unclear. Thus, in this study, we investigated whether endocytosis was related to the penetration of IND-NPs (72.1 nm) using a transcell set with Caco-2 cells or rat intestine. Four inhibitors of various endocytosis pathways were used [nystatin, caveolae-dependent endocytosis (CavME); dynasore, clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CME); rottlerin, macropinocytosis; and cytochalasin D, phagocytosis inhibitor], and all energy-dependent endocytosis was inhibited at temperatures under 4 °C in this study. Although IND-NPs showed high transintestinal penetration, no particles were detected in the basolateral side. IND-NPs penetration was strongly prevented at temperatures under 4 °C. In experiments using pharmacological inhibitors, only CME inhibited penetration in the jejunum, while in the ileum, both CavME and CME significantly attenuated penetration. In conclusion, we found a novel pathway for the transintestinal penetration of drug nanoparticles. Our hypothesis was that nanoparticles would be taken up into the intestinal epithelium by endocytosis (CME in jejunum, CavME and CME in ileum), and dissolved and diffused in the intestine. Our findings are likely to be of significant use for the development of nanomedicines.
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Nagai N, Yamasaki Y, Nakamura T, Otake H, Okamoto N. Effect of Methylcellulose (Cellulose Derivatives) on Ibuprofen-crushing Efficiency in Nano Pulverizer NP-100. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:123-130. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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A facile approach for synthesis of nano-CeO2 particles loaded co-polymer matrix and their colossal role for blood-brain barrier permeability in Cerebral Ischemia. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 187:184-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Bharadwaj VN, Nguyen DT, Kodibagkar VD, Stabenfeldt SE. Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutics for Brain Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:10.1002/adhm.201700668. [PMID: 29034608 PMCID: PMC5903677 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain injuries affect a large patient population with major physical and emotional suffering for patients and their relatives; at a significant cost to the society. Effective diagnostic and therapeutic options available for brain injuries are limited by the complex brain injury pathology involving blood-brain barrier (BBB). Brain injuries, including ischemic stroke and brain trauma, initiate BBB opening for a short period of time, which is followed by a second reopening for an extended time. The leaky BBB and/or the alterations in the receptor expression on BBB may provide opportunities for therapeutic delivery via nanoparticles (NPs). The approaches for therapeutic interventions via NP delivery are aimed at salvaging the pericontusional/penumbra area for possible neuroprotection and neurovascular unit preservation. The focus of this progress report is to provide a survey of NP strategies employed in cerebral ischemia and brain trauma and finally provide insights for improved NP-based diagnostic/treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimala N. Bharadwaj
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, PO Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Duong T. Nguyen
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, PO Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Vikram D. Kodibagkar
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, PO Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Sarah E. Stabenfeldt
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, PO Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
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Ophthalmic Formulation Containing Nilvadipine Nanoparticles Prevents Retinal Dysfunction in Rats Injected with Streptozotocin. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122720. [PMID: 29244747 PMCID: PMC5751321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy leads to irreparable vision loss via capillary closure and areas of nonperfusion. However, the current instillation systems do not allow a sufficient amount of drug required to treat retinopathy to reach the posterior segment (retina); therefore, a new formulation targeting the posterior segment is expected as therapy for retinopathy. We prepared ophthalmic formulations containing nilvadipine nanoparticles (NILnano), and demonstrated whether the instillation of NILnano can prevent retinal dysfunction in rats injected with excessive streptozotocin (STZ rats) in this study. NILnano (mean particle size, 77 nm) was prepared by wet bead mill treatment, with the inclusion of various additives (2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, benzalkonium chloride, d-mannitol, and methylcellulose). Retinal dysfunction was observable two weeks after rats received intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg × 2, consecutive days, STZ rat). Changes in retinal function were evaluated by electroretinogram (ERG) and immunological methods. The retinal thickness, measured as the distance between the ganglion cell layer and the distal border of the outer nuclear layer, increased two weeks after the injection of streptozotocin, resulting in decreases in the levels of a-waves, b-waves, and oscillatory potential amplitudes in ERG of rats. The instillation of NILnano allowed the topical supplement of nilvadipine into the retina, and repeated instillation of NILnano (2 times/day) attenuated the retinal disorders led by the excessive streptozotocin. In conclusion, we found that retinal dysfunction in rats injected with streptozotocin can be prevented by the NILnano instillation. These results are useful in further studies aimed at the therapeutic treatment of retinopathy.
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Yoshioka C, Ito Y, Nagai N. An oral formulation of cilostazol nanoparticles enhances intestinal drug absorption in rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:454-460. [PMID: 29375698 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilostazol (CLZ) is an anti-platelet agent that is generally used after the onset of cerebral infarction. However, CLZ is a poorly water-soluble drug and a strategy for increasing its bioavailability is required. In the present study, novel oral formulations were designed containing CLZ solid nanoparticles to improve bioavailability. The present study investigated the therapeutic effect of the oral formulations containing CLZ nanoparticles on ischemic stroke using a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury model (MCAO/reperfusion mice). The oral formulation containing CLZ nanoparticles (CLZ/Rnano tablet) was prepared using a combination of recrystallization and ball milling with the following ingredients: CLZ, docusate sodium, methylcellulose, 2-hydoxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, gum arabic, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and mannitol. The particle size after re-dispersion of the CLZ/Rnano tablet was 64±47 nm (mean ± standard deviation). The CLZ areas under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and mean residence time (MRT) in rats that were administered CLZ/Rnano tablets were significantly greater compared with those in rats that were administered CLZ/Rmicro tablets. Results indicated, the AUC after administration of CLZ/Rnano tablets was 3.1-fold higher compared with that after administration of the commercially available CLZ OD tablet. In addition, oral administration with CLZ/Rnano tablets ameliorated neurological deficits caused by ischemic stroke in MCAO/reperfusion mice. It is possible that the oral formulation containing CLZ nanoparticles will be useful for the treatment of patients with ischemic stroke and that these findings will provide significant information that can be used to improve the drug with low bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Yoshioka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Ito
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Therapeutic Effect of Cilostazol Ophthalmic Nanodispersions on Retinal Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091971. [PMID: 28906472 PMCID: PMC5618620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously prepared ophthalmic formulations containing cilostazol (CLZ) nanoparticles by bead mill methods (CLZnano), and found that instillation of CLZnano into rat eyes supplies CLZ into the retina. In this study, we investigated changes in the electroretinograms (ERG) of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ rats), a model of diabetes mellitus. In addition, we demonstrated that dispersions containing CLZ nanoparticles attenuate changes in the ERG of STZ rats. The instillation of CLZnano had no effect on body weight or plasma glucose and insulin levels. Furthermore, no corneal toxicity was observed in the in vivo study using STZ rats. The a-wave and b-wave levels in addition to oscillatory potentials (OP) amplitude decreased in STZ rats two weeks after the injection of streptozotocin, with the instillation of CLZnano attenuating these decreases. In addition, the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the retinas of STZ rats was 9.26-fold higher than in in normal rats, with this increase also prevented by the instillation of CLZnano Thus, we have found that a-wave and b-wave levels in addition to OP amplitude are decreased in rats following the injection of excessive streptozotocin. Furthermore, the retinal disorders associated with diabetes mellitus are attenuated by the instillation of CLZnano. These findings provide significant information that can be used to design further studies aimed at developing anti-diabetic retinopathy drugs.
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Li J, Xiang X, Gong X, Shi Y, Yang J, Xu Z. Cilostazol protects mice against myocardium ischemic/reperfusion injury by activating a PPARγ/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:995-1001. [PMID: 28810537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MIR) injury causes severe arrhythmias and a high lethality. The present study is designed to investigate the effect of cilostazol on MIR injury and the underlying mechaism. We measured the effects of cilostazol on heart function parameters in a mouse model of MIR. Proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis proteins in the myocardium were examined to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis ability of cilostazol. The participation of PPARγ/JAK2/STAT3 pathway was investigated. Results showed that the impairment of hemodynamic parameters caused by MIR was attenuated by cilostazol. The IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-a levels were all decreased by cilostazol. Cilostazol also significantly inhibited Bax and cleaved caspase-3 levels and restored the Bcl-2 levels. PPARγ, JAK2 and STAT3 were all activated by cilostazol. Treatment of inhibitors of them abolished the protective effects of cilostazol on cardiac function, myocardial inflammation and apoptosis. In summary, cilostazol alleviated the cardiac function impairment, myocardial inflammation and apoptosis induced by MIR. The results present a novel signaling mechanism that cilostazol protects MIR injury by activating a PPARγ/JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiaoli Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yafei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zuo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
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Lee TH, Yeh JC, Tsai CH, Yang JT, Lou SL, Seak CJ, Wang CY, Wei KC, Liu HL. Improved thrombolytic effect with focused ultrasound and neuroprotective agent against acute carotid artery thrombosis in rat. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1638. [PMID: 28487554 PMCID: PMC5431649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy with focused ultrasound (FUS) and a neuroprotective agent, BNG-1, was examined in an acute carotid thrombotic occlusion model using LED irradiation in rat to improve the thrombolytic effect of rt-PA. Seven treatment groups included (A) intravenous bolus injection of 0.45 mg/kg rt-PA, (B) intravenous bolus injection of 0.9 mg/kg, (C) sonothrombolysis with FUS alone, (D) oral administration of 2 g/kg BNG-1 for 7 days alone, (E) A + D, (F) A + C, and (G) A + C + D. Four comparison groups were made including (H) 0.45 mg/kg rt-PA 20% bolus +80% IV fusion + FUS, (I) 0.9 mg/kg rt-PA with 10% bolus + 90% intravenous fusion, (J) B + C, (K) B + D. At 7 days after carotid occlusion, small-animal carotid ultrasound and 7 T MR angiography showed the recanalization rate of ≤50% stenosis was 50% in group B and 83% in group I, but 0% in groups A and C and 17% in group D. Combination therapy improved recanalization rate to 50–63% in groups E and F, to 67–83% in groups J and K, and to 100% in groups G and H. Our study demonstrated combination therapy with different remedies can be a feasible strategy to improve the thrombolytic effect of rt-PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsong-Hai Lee
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Chao Yeh
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Tsai
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tsung Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Liang Lou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan
| | - Chen-June Seak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yung Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Li Liu
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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Ueno A, Yamaoka S, Ito Y, Kotake T, Nakazawa Y, Nagai N. Improvement of Dissolution Rate and Stability in a Pirenoxine Ophthalmic Suspension by the Bead Mill Methods. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:635-641. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Xu S, Zhong A, Ma H, Li D, Hu Y, Xu Y, Zhang J. Neuroprotective effect of salvianolic acid B against cerebral ischemic injury in rats via the CD40/NF-κB pathway associated with suppression of platelets activation and neuroinflammation. Brain Res 2017; 1661:37-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bertrand L, Dygert L, Toborek M. Induction of Ischemic Stroke and Ischemia-reperfusion in Mice Using the Middle Artery Occlusion Technique and Visualization of Infarct Area. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28190061 DOI: 10.3791/54805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease is highly prevalent in the global population and encompasses several types of conditions, including stroke. To study the impact of stroke on tissue injury and to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, several experimental models in a variety of species were developed. They include complete global cerebral ischemia, incomplete global ischemia, focal cerebral ischemia, and multifocal cerebral ischemia. The model described in this protocol is based on the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and is related to the focal ischemia category. This technique produces consistent focal ischemia in a strictly defined region of the hemisphere and is less invasive than other methods. The procedure described is performed on mice, given the availability of several genetic variants and the high number of tests standardized for mice to aid in the behavioral and neurodeficit evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Bertrand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami
| | - Levi Dygert
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education;
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Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effect of Thymoquinone Nanoformulation in the Rodent Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2571060. [PMID: 27725936 PMCID: PMC5048094 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2571060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of optimized thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles delivered via nose to brain route in the rodent cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model. The neuroprotective efficacy of the optimized thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles was evaluated in middle cerebral artery occluded rats by various pharmacodynamic and biochemical studies. The pharmacokinetics of thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles in the brain and blood plasma together with qualitative localization of florescent labelled PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles in brain tissues were also determined. Intranasal delivery of optimized thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles (183.5 ± 8.2 nm, 33.63 ± 2.25 mV) to brain significantly reduced the ischemia infarct volume and enhanced the locomotor activity and grip strength in the middle cerebral artery occluded rats. Biochemical studies showed that intranasal delivery of thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation but elevated the glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in the brain of middle cerebral artery occluded rats. The pharmacokinetic and localization studies showed that thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles facilitated the delivery of thymoquinone to brain by intranasal nose to brain transport pathways and enhanced their pharmacokinetic profile in brain tissues. Thus, intranasal delivery of thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles to brain could be potentially used for the neuroprotection and treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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