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Li B, Xuan H, Yin Y, Wu S, Du L. The N 6-methyladenosine modification in pathologic angiogenesis. Life Sci 2024; 339:122417. [PMID: 38244915 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The vascular system is a vital circulatory network in the human body that plays a critical role in almost all physiological processes. The production of blood vessels in the body is a significant area of interest for researchers seeking to improve their understanding of vascular function and maintain normal vascular operation. However, an excessive or insufficient vascular regeneration process may lead to the development of various ailments such as cancer, eye diseases, and ischemic diseases. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have revealed new molecular targets and principles that may enhance the therapeutic effect of anti-angiogenic strategies. A thorough comprehension of the mechanism responsible for the abnormal vascular growth in disease processes can enable researchers to better target and effectively suppress or treat the disease. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a common RNA methylation modification method, has emerged as a crucial regulator of various diseases by modulating vascular development. In this review, we will cover how m6A regulates various vascular-related diseases, such as cancer, ocular diseases, neurological diseases, ischemic diseases, emphasizing the mechanism of m6A methylation regulators on angiogenesis during pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hanqin Xuan
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuye Yin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shusheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Longfei Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Zhao H, Dai Y, Li Y, Li J, Li H. TNFSF15 inhibits progression of diabetic retinopathy by blocking pyroptosis via interacting with GSDME. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:118. [PMID: 38331883 PMCID: PMC10853178 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness. Pyroptosis has emerged as a mechanism of cell death involved in diabetic retinopathy pathology. This study explored the role of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis and its regulation by TNFSF15 in diabetic retinopathy. We found GSDME was upregulated in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. High glucose promoted GSDME-induced pyroptosis in retinal endothelial cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells, attributed to the activation of caspase-3 which cleaves GSDME to generate the pyroptosis-executing N-terminal fragment. TNFSF15 was identified as a binding partner and inhibitor of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis. TNFSF15 expression was increased by high glucose but suppressed by the caspase-3 activator Raptinal. Moreover, TNFSF15 protein inhibited high glucose- and Raptinal-induced pyroptosis by interacting with GSDME in retinal cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate TNFSF15 inhibits diabetic retinopathy progression by blocking GSDME-dependent pyroptosis of retinal cells, suggesting the TNFSF15-GSDME interaction as a promising therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yating Dai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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3
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Tu B, Wang Y, Wu Z, Zhou W, Tang X, Zhang C, Gao Y. DIA-based serum proteomics revealed the protective effect of modified siwu decoction against hypobaric hypoxia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117303. [PMID: 37827297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Siwu decoction (SWD) is a common traditional formula for nourishing blood, and its derived formulas are also widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinic. However, the protective effects of SWD and its derived formulas on blood deficiency and blood stasis caused by rushing to the plateau are rarely reported, and the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study explores the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of modified siwu decoction (MSWD) adding Persicae Semans (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) and Carthami Flos (Carthamus tinctorius L.) against hypobaric hypoxia (HH). The acute toxicity of MSWD was also evaluated to further validate the potential of MSWD as a therapeutic candidate for HH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hypoxic models of C57BL/6 J and KM male mice were used to evaluate the pharmacological effect of MSWD. 2 μL serum sample of C57BL/6 J mice was digested into peptide mixtures and analyzed with DIA mode on an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer after LC separation. The peptide and protein identifications were limited to a 1% FDR. Screening of differential expressed proteins, correlation analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, principal components analysis and Mfuzz analysis were all performed by R packages. The protein-protein interaction network was analyzed using the STRING website and constructed with Cytoscape software. RESULTS MSWD showed a protective effect against acute hypoxia exposure through increasing the number of red blood cells and improving hemodynamics indexes in mice. Meanwhile, the biochemical results showed that MSWD could reduce the inflammation and oxidative stress, reduce the content of organ injury biomarkers and significantly improve the high-intensity exercise ability of mice. Subsequently, serum DIA proteomic results revealed significant changes in proteomic characteristics after MSWD intervention. Specifically, proteins related to oxidative stress and ubiquitin-proteasome system, such as Sod1, Gstp1, Vcp and Usp14, were down-regulated after MSWD intervention, suggesting that the protective effect of MSWD involved the reduction of oxidative stress and energy expenditure. MSWD also intervened in energy metabolism and lipid metabolism processes by altering the expression levels of Eno1, Sphk1 and Apoa1 to ameliorate hypoxia-induced disorders. At the same time, MSWD acute toxicity test showed no obvious toxicity. CONCLUSIONS MSWD has a good protective effect against HH by ameliorating hypoxia-induced disorders of energy and lipid metabolism, supporting MSWD as a safe drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of acute hypoxia fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodan Tu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yihao Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Zhenhui Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xianglin Tang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guang Zhou, 510006, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guang Zhou, 510006, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China.
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4
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ZHANG J, KANG J, WU L. The potential mechanism of treating IC/BPS with hyperbaric oxygen by reducing vascular endothelial growth inhibitor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 54:26-32. [PMID: 38812622 PMCID: PMC11031152 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim To investigate the roles of vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the treatment of refractory interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO). Materials and methods A total of 38 patients were included. They were assessed before and 6 months after HBO treatment. Three-day voiding diaries were recorded, and O'leary-Sant scores, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, quality of life (QoL) scores, pelvic pain, and urgency/frequency (PUF) scores were evaluated. Bladder capacity was assessed by cystoscopy. Bladder mucosa was collected for Western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence staining to compare the expression of VEGI and HIF-1α before and after treatment. Results Compared with before treatment, patients showed significant improvements in 24-h voiding frequency (15.32 ± 5.38 times), nocturia (3.71 ± 1.80 times), O'leary-Sant score (20.45 ± 5.62 points), VAS score (41.76 ± 17.88 points), QoL score (3.03 ± 1.44 points), and PUF score (19.95 ± 6.46 points) after treatment (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in bladder capacity before and after treatment (p ≥ 0.05). The expression levels of VEGI and HIF-1α protein and mRNA were significantly decreased 6 months after treatment compared with before treatment. Immunofluorescence staining results showed that the double positive expression of VEGI and HIF-1α protein in bladder tissue of IC/BPS patients after HBO treatment quantitatively decreased significantly. Conclusion This study identified a possible mechanism by which VEGI and HIF-1α expression decreased after HBO treatment due to hypoxia reversal, which improved symptoms in IC/BPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing ZHANG
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Capital Medical University, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Jiarui KANG
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Medical Centre of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Liyang WU
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing,
China
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Chen WT, Luo Y, Chen XM, Xiao JH. Role of exosome-derived miRNAs in diabetic wound angiogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04874-1. [PMID: 37891446 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds with high disability are among the most common and serious complications of diabetes. Angiogenesis dysfunction impair wound healing in patients with diabetes. Compared with traditional therapies that can only provide symptomatic treatment, stem cells-owing to their powerful paracrine properties, can alleviate the pathogenesis of chronic diabetic wounds and even cure them. Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs), important components of stem cell paracrine signaling, have been reported for therapeutic use in various disease models, including diabetic wounds. Exosome-derived miRNAs have been widely reported to be involved in regulating vascular function and have promising applications in the repair and regeneration of skin wounds. Therefore, this article aims to review the current status of the pathophysiology of exosome-derived miRNAs in the diabetes-induced impairment of wound healing, along with current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms, emphasizing the regulatory mechanism of angiogenesis, we hope to document the emerging theoretical basis for improving wound repair by restoring angiogenesis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China
- Guizhou Provincial Universities Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Universities Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology & Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, 563003, China.
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6
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Mason RH, Minaker SA, Lahaie Luna G, Bapat P, Farahvash A, Garg A, Bhambra N, Muni RH. Changes in aqueous and vitreous inflammatory cytokine levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye (Lond) 2022:10.1038/s41433-022-02127-x. [PMID: 35672457 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, where in its most advanced form ischemic changes lead to the development of retinal neovascularization, termed proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). While the development of PDR is often associated with angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines, studies differ on which cytokines are implicated in disease pathogenesis and on the strength of these associations. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the existing body of data on intraocular cytokines as biomarkers in PDR. METHODS A comprehensive search of the literature without year limitation was conducted to January 18, 2021, which identified 341 studies assessing vitreous or aqueous cytokine levels in PDR, accounting for 10379 eyes with PDR and 6269 eyes from healthy controls. Effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences (SMD) of cytokine concentrations between PDR and control patients. RESULTS Concentrations (SMD, 95% confidence interval, and p-value) of aqueous IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, TNF-α, and VEGF, and vitreous IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, angiopoietin-2, eotaxin, erythropoietin, GM-CSF, GRO, HMGB-1, IFN-γ, IGF, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1, MMP-9, PDGF-AA, PlGF, sCD40L, SDF-1, sICAM-1, sVEGFR, TIMP, TNF-α, and VEGF were significantly higher in patients with PDR when compared to healthy nondiabetic controls. For all other cytokines no differences, failed sensitivity analyses or insufficient data were found. CONCLUSIONS This extensive list of cytokines speaks to the complexity of PDR pathogenesis, and informs future investigations into disease pathogenesis, prognosis, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Mason
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel A Minaker
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Priya Bapat
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armin Farahvash
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anubhav Garg
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nishaant Bhambra
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajeev H Muni
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- University of Toronto/Kensington Health Ophthalmology Biobank and Cytokine Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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7
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Li J, Xie R, Jiang F, Li Y, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Liao M, Liu Y, Meng X, Chen S, Yu J, Du M, Wang X, Chen Y, Yan H. Tumor necrosis factor ligand-related molecule 1A maintains blood-retinal barrier via modulating SHP-1-Src-VE-cadherin signaling in diabetic retinopathy. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22008. [PMID: 34679191 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100807rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An impaired blood-retinal barrier (BRB) leads to diabetic macular edema (DME), which is a major complication of Diabetic retinopathy (DR). Mediators such as inflammation cause BRB breakdown. However, the explicit mechanism of its disruption is largely unknown. In this study, we identified tumor necrosis factor ligand-related molecule 1A (TL1A) as a crucial factor which protect retinal endothelial cells integrity in DR. By providing both human and mouse data, we show that TL1A is significantly decreased in the retinas of DME patients and diabetic rodents. We further demonstrate that the loss of TL1A accelerated diabetes-induced retinal barrier breakdown. TL1A supplementation protects the diabetic retina against BRB breakdown. Mechanistically, TL1A stabilize intracellular junctions and protect vascular integrity by blocking SHP1-Src-regulated VE-cadherin phosphorylation. Collectively, our findings reveal that loss of TL1A in the retina leads to increased vascular permeability in DR, and that TL1A treatment is of potential therapeutic interest for the treatment of DME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Molecular ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruotian Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Molecular ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Molecular ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiheng Liu
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyu Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Molecular ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangda Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinguo Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Du
- Laboratory of Molecular ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Molecular ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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8
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Shi KP, Li YT, Huang CX, Cai CS, Zhu YJ, Wang L, Zhu XB. Evans blue staining to detect deep blood vessels in peripheral retina for observing retinal pathology in early-stage diabetic rats. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1501-1507. [PMID: 34667725 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.10.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To observe and compare the statistical significance of superficial and deep vascular leakage in the pathological changes of the diabetic rats retina after the Evans blue (EB) perfusion, and utilize the modified whole-retina spreading method to make the slides while protecting the periphery of the retina. METHODS The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Each group named as the normal groups for 4, 8, and 12wk and the diabetic groups for 4, 8, and 12wk. The EB was injected into the cardiovascular system of the rats at the different time points. The retina of each group was obtained for observation. RESULTS The superficial vascular leakage was found in all 6 groups. The size of leakage area of superficial retinal blood vessels was (0.54±0.23)%, (0.65±0.11)%, and (0.58±0.10)% in normal group. No notable leakage was found in the deep blood vessels [(0.03±0.04)%, (0.03±0.05)%, and (0.03±0.05)%]. The deep retinal vascular leakage was found in the peripheral retina of diabetic rats. The size of leakage area of superficial retinal blood vessels in diabetic group were (0.53±0.22)%, (0.69±0.16)%, and (0.52±0.11)%. The leakage areas of deep blood vessels were (0.54±0.50)%, (1.42±0.16)%, and (1.80±0.07)% at 4, 8, and 12wk, respectively. There was a statistically difference of the leakage area between the 8th week and the 4th week of diabetes group (P=0.003). The statistically significant difference between the diabetes and the control groups was noted at 4wk and 8wk (P<0.001). CONCLUSION The main retinal pathological changes of early-stage diabetic rats are the vascular leakage of the periphery of deep retina. Diabetic rats modeled after 8wk have semi-quantitative statistical difference compared with the normal rats, thus early intervention treatment research can start at this time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Pei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun-Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuang-Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chu-Sheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
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9
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Xie H, Zhang C, Liu D, Yang Q, Tang L, Wang T, Tian H, Lu L, Xu JY, Gao F, Wang J, Jin C, Li W, Xu G, Xu GT, Zhang J. Erythropoietin protects the inner blood-retinal barrier by inhibiting microglia phagocytosis via Src/Akt/cofilin signalling in experimental diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia 2021; 64:211-225. [PMID: 33104828 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Microglial activation in diabetic retinopathy and the protective effect of erythropoietin (EPO) have been extensively studied. However, the regulation of microglia in the retina and its relationship to inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) maintenance have not been fully characterised. In this study, we investigated the role of microglia in iBRB breakdown in diabetic retinopathy and the protective effects of EPO in this context. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (STZ) to establish the experimental model of diabetes. At 2 h after STZ injection, the right and left eyes were injected intravitreally with EPO (16 mU/eye, 2 μl) and an equivalent volume of normal saline (NaCl 154 mmol/l), respectively. The rats were killed at 2 or 8 weeks after diabetes onset. Microglia activation was detected by ionised calcium binding adaptor molecule (IBA)-1 immunolabelling. Leakage of the iBRB was evaluated by albumin staining and FITC-dextran permeability assay. BV2 cells and primary rat microglia under hypoxic conditions were used to model microglial activation in diabetic retinopathy. Phagocytosis was examined by confocal microscopy in flat-mounted retina preparations and in microglia and endothelial cell cocultures. Protein levels of IBA-1, CD11b, complement component 1r (C1r), and Src/Akt/cofilin signalling pathway components were assessed by western blotting. RESULTS In diabetic rat retinas, phagocytosis of endothelial cells by activated microglia was observed at 8 weeks, resulting in an increased number of acellular capillaries (increased by 426.5%) and albumin leakage. Under hypoxic conditions, activated microglia transmigrated to the opposite membrane of the transwell, where they disrupted the endothelial cell monolayer by engulfing endothelial cells. The activation and phagocytic activity of microglia was blocked by intravitreal injection of EPO. In vitro, IBA-1, CD11b and C1r protein levels were increased by 50.9%, 170.0% and 135.5%, respectively, by hypoxia, whereas the phosphorylated proteins of Src/Akt/cofilin signalling pathway components were decreased by 74.2%, 47.8% and 39.7%, respectively, compared with the control; EPO treatment abrogated these changes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In experimental diabetic retinopathy, activated microglia penetrate the basement membrane of the iBRB and engulf endothelial cells, leading to iBRB breakdown. EPO exerts a protective effect that preserves iBRB integrity via activation of Src/Akt/cofilin signalling in microglia, as demonstrated in vitro. These data support a causal role for activated microglia in iBRB breakdown and highlight the therapeutic potential of EPO for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xie
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianqin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Tian
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ying Xu
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Gao
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Jin
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiye Li
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guoxu Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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10
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VEGI Improves Outcomes in the Early Phase of Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuroscience 2020; 438:60-69. [PMID: 32380270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excessive expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a common cause of blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown that triggers severe complications following traumatic brain injury (TBI). It has been shown that inhibition of VEGF activities may attenuate cerebral edema in pathological conditions. Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI; also known as TNFSF15), a cytokine produced largely by vascular endothelial cells, is capable of downregulating VEGF expression and inhibiting VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) activation. In this study we found that TBI can cause breakdown of BBB and sharp increases of VEGF/VEGI and Angpt2/Angpt1 ratios in the injured tissues. VEGI treatment resulted in a marked decrease of BBB permeability and concomitant restoration of normal ratios of VEGF/VEGI and Angpt2/Angpt1. Consistently, alleviated edema, decreased neuron cell death, and improved neurological functions were observed when the experimental animals were treated with VEGI in the early phase of TBI. Our findings suggest that administration of VEGI recombinant protein at early phases of TBI is beneficial to stabilization of the disease conditions.
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11
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Jiang F, Chong L, Du S, Duan Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Chen S, He T. Decreased Ratio of VEGF165b/VEGF in Aqueous Humor Predicts Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 63:517-523. [PMID: 32344407 DOI: 10.1159/000508250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different splicing of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene results in 2 families of VEGF, the proangiogenic isoforms (VEGFxxxa) and the antiangiogenic isoforms (VEGFxxxb). VEGF165b is the major antiangiogenic isoform of VEGF and the most studied member of the VEGFxxxb family so far. OBJECTIVES To determine the concentration of VEGF165b and VEGF in the aqueous humor (AH) in diabetic eyes with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to address the predictive value of VEGF165b/VEGF ratio for progression of DR. METHODS AH samples from 20 eyes in healthy controls (CON group), 40 eyes in diabetic patients without DR (nDR group), and 30 eyes in diabetic patients with mild nonproliferative DR (DR group) were collected. All of the patients were followed up for at least 5 years. VEGF165b and VEGF levels of AH samples were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The predictive value of the initial VEGF165b/VEGF ratio for progression of DR was studied. RESULTS The mean concentration of VEGF165b significantly decreased in diabetic eyes vs. controls. The mean concentration of VEGF significantly increased in the DR group vs. the CON group. The VEGF165b/VEGF ratio was significantly lower in diabetic patients compared to the CON group. The VEGF165b/VEGF ratio was significantly lower in diabetic patients compared to the control group. The mean follow-up was 66.1months (range 60-71 months). The risk of DR progression was greater with a lower VEGF165b/VEGF ratio. CONCLUSION The VEGF165b/VEGF ratio is lower in the AH of DR patients and the decreased ratio of VEGF165b/VEGF predicts DR progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liuyun Chong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shufang Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan City, China
| | - Yajian Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan City, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Aier Eye Hospital, Shenyang City, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,
| | - Tiangeng He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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12
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Wang T, Li J, Xie R, Wang J, Zhang W, Jiang F, Du M, Wang X, Huang B, Brant R, Zhang C, Yan H. Intraocular tumour necrosis factor ligand related molecule 1 A links disease progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy after primary vitrectomy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:966-976. [PMID: 32064668 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor ligand related molecule 1 A (TL1A), a member of tumour necrosis factor superfamily, has been identified as a crucial regulator for vascular homeostasis and inflammation. However, the function of TL1A in diabetic retinopathy (DR) is largely unknown. This study aims to examine levels of TL1A in serum and intraocular fluid in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and to explore the correlation of intraocular TL1A with the prognosis of PDR progression after primary vitrectomy. Seventy-five patients (75 eyes) with PDR who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and 19 patients (19 eyes) who received vitrectomy for idiopathic macular holes (IMH) as non-diabetic control group were enrolled in this prospective study. Serum, aqueous and vitreous fluid samples were collected during cataract and PPV surgery. Protein expressions of TL1A as well as other angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines in serum and intraocular fluid were measured. Correlations of intraocular TL1A concentrations with inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. We found both aqueous and vitreous TL1A levels were significantly higher in the PDR group than in control group (Paqueous = 0.026; Pvitreous <0.001). Angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines such as VEGF, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β were significantly higher in intraocular fluid in PDR group than in controls, which MCP-1 and MIP-1α showed positive correlation with intraocular TL1A levels. There is no significant difference in the levels of serum TL1A as well as other inflammatory cytokines between PDR patients and controls. Intraocular levels of TL1A were significantly lower in PDR progression group than in the stable group (Paqueous <0.001; Pvitreous <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that lower levels of intraocular TL1A was an important risk factor for predicting PDR progression after primary PPV (ORaqueous = 0.717, Paqueous = 0.001; ORvitreous = 0.684; Pvitreous = 0.002). In conclusion, TL1A and multiple inflammatory cytokines were highly enriched in the intraocular fluid of PDR patients compared with the controls. Lower levels of intraocular TL1A were associated with development of PDR complications after primary PPV and might be used as prognostic factor in predicting the vitrectomy outcome in PDR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruotian Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Rodrigo Brant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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13
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Jiang F, Wang Y, Du S, Jin H, Han J. Rapamycin prevents retinal neovascularization by downregulation of cyclin D1 in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:44. [PMID: 32013948 PMCID: PMC6998223 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-1325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rapamycin (RAPA) is a potent angiogenic inhibitor and the aim of this study is to identify the inhibitory effect of RAPA on retinal neovascularization (RNV) in experimental oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Methods Forty-two 7-day-old C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into normoxia control group (14 mice), OIR group (14 mice), and rapamycin (RAPA) group. OIR model was induced in OIR and RAPA group. Vehicle and RAPA (2 mg/kg/d) was injected intraperitoneally daily from postnatal day 12 (P12) in OIR and RAPA groups, respectively. RNV was evaluated using fluorescence angiography and histopathology on P17. Non-perfused areas of retina were analyzed by Image-Pro plus 6.0 software. Retinal expression of cyclin D1 was detected both at mRNA and protein levels. Results RAPA treatment significantly decreased RNV, non-perfused areas and number of endothelial cell nuclei breaking through the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in OIR mice. Moreover, RAPA decreased activation of cyclin D1 in retina caused by OIR. Conclusion RAPA can inhibit RNV by downregulating the expression of cyclin D1, which indicates its therapeutic potential in treating RNV-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Aier Eye Hospital, Shenyang City, China
| | - Shufang Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan City, China
| | - Heng Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jindong Han
- Department of Vitreous and Retina, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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14
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Eynard AR, Repossi G. Role of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in diabetic retinopathy: a morphological and metabolically cross talk among blood retina barriers damage, autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:114. [PMID: 31092270 PMCID: PMC6521493 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vision disorders are one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) affecting the quality of life of patients and eventually cause blindness. The ocular lesions in diabetes mellitus are located mainly in the blood vessels and retina layers. Different retina lesions could be grouped under the umbrella term of diabetic retinopathies (DMRP). We propose that one of the main causes in the etiopathogenesis of the DMRP consists of a progressive loss of the selective permeability of blood retinal barriers (BRB). The loss of selective permeability of blood retinal barriers will cause a progressive autoimmune process. Prolonged autoimmune injures in the retinal territory will triggers and maintains a low-grade chronic inflammation process, microvascular alterations, glial proliferation and subsequent fibrosis and worse, progressive apoptosis of the photoreceptor neurons. Patients with long-standing DM disturbances in retinal BRBs suffer of alterations in the enzymatic pathways of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), increase release of free radicals and pro-inflammatory molecules and subsequently incremented levels of vascular endothelial growth factor. These facts can produce retinal edema and photoreceptor apoptosis. Experimental, clinical and epidemiological evidences showing that adequate metabolic and alimentary controls and constant practices of healthy life may avoid, retard or make less severe the appearance of DMRP. Considering the high demand for PUFAs ω3 by photoreceptor complexes of the retina, it seems advisable to take fish oil supplements (2 g per day). The cellular, subcellular and molecular basis of the propositions exposed above is developed in this article. Synthesizer drawings the most relevant findings of the ultrastructural pathology, as well as the main metabolic pathways of the PUFAs involved in balance and disbalanced conditions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo R Eynard
- Instituto de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Gaston Repossi
- Instituto de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina.
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15
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Xiao ZX, Olsen N, Zheng SG. The essential role of costimulatory molecules in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2019; 28:575-582. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203319829818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease with immune system disorder mediated through complex autoimmune pathways that involve immune cells, nonimmune cells, cytokines, chemokines, as well as costimulatory molecules. Costimulatory signals play a critical role in initiating, maintaining and regulating immune reactions, and these include ligands and receptors and their interactions involving multiple types of signal information. Dysfunction of costimulatory factors results in complicated abnormal immune responses, with biological effects and eventually, clinical autoimmune diseases. Here we outline what is known about various roles that costimulatory families including the B7 family and tumor necrosis factor super family play in SLE. The aim of this review is to understand the possible association of costimulation with autoimmune diseases, especially SLE, and to explore possible therapeutic target(s) of costimulatory molecules and pathways that might be used to develop therapeutic approaches for patients with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z X Xiao
- Department of Clinical Immunology at Sun Yat-sen University Third Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - N Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - S G Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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16
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Counterbalance: modulation of VEGF/VEGFR activities by TNFSF15. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:21. [PMID: 30101034 PMCID: PMC6085396 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular hyperpermeability occurs in angiogenesis and several pathobiological conditions, producing elevated interstitial fluid pressure and lymphangiogenesis. How these closely related events are modulated is a fundamentally important question regarding the maintenance of vascular homeostasis and treatment of disease conditions such as cancer, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Signals mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, noticeably VEGFR-1, −2, and −3, are centrally involved in the promotion of both blood vessel and lymphatic vessel growth. These signaling pathways are counterbalanced or, in the case of VEGFR3, augmented by signals induced by tumor necrosis factor superfamily-15 (TNFSF15). TNFSF15 can simultaneously downregulate membrane-bound VEGFR1 and upregulate soluble VEGFR1, thus changing VEGF/VEGFR1 signals from pro-angiogenic to anti-angiogenic. In addition, TNFSF15 inhibits VEGF-induced VEGFR2 phosphorylation, thereby curbing VEGFR2-mediated enhancement of vascular permeability. Third, and perhaps more interestingly, TNFSF15 is capable of stimulating VEGFR3 gene expression in lymphatic endothelial cells, thus augmenting VEGF-C/D-VEGFR3-facilitated lymphangiogenesis. We discuss the intertwining relationship between the actions of TNFSF15 and VEGF in this review. The ability of tumor necrosis factor superfamily-15 (TNFSF15) protein to balance the actions of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) highlights new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diseases that disrupt the circulatory system. Gui-Li Yang at the Tianjin Neurological Institute and Lu-Yuan Li at Nankai University describe the mechanisms through which TNFSF15 inhibits blood vessel growth mediated by VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR1) and counterbalances the increase in vascular permeability mediated by VEGFR2. Interestingly, TNFSF15 enhances the effects of VEGFR3 on the formation of lymphatic vessels by promoting VEGFR3 gene expression in lymphatic endothelial cells. Further research will determine whether TNFSF15′s unique capacity to regulate the properties of both blood and lymph vessels can be harnessed to improve the treatment of conditions such as cancer, stroke, myocardial infarction and lymphoedema.
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17
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Epigenetic modifications in hyperhomocysteinemia: potential role in diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12562-12590. [PMID: 29560091 PMCID: PMC5849155 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To study Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-induced epigenetic modifications as potential mechanisms of blood retinal barrier (BRB) dysfunction, retinas isolated from three- week-old mice with elevated level of Homocysteine (Hcy) due to lack of the enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (cbs-/- , cbs+/- and cbs+/+ ), human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs), and human retinal pigmented epithelial cells (ARPE-19) treated with or without Hcy were evaluated for (1) histone deacetylases (HDAC), (2) DNA methylation (DNMT), and (3) miRNA analysis. Differentially expressed miRNAs in mice with HHcy were further compared with miRNA analysis of diabetic mice retinas (STZ) and miRNAs within the exosomes released from Hcy-treated RPEs. Differentially expressed miRNAs were further evaluated for predicted target genes and associated pathways using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. HHcy significantly increased HDAC and DNMT activity in HRECs, ARPE-19, and cbs mice retinas, whereas inhibition of HDAC and DNMT decreased Hcy-induced BRB dysfunction. MiRNA profiling detected 127 miRNAs in cbs+/- and 39 miRNAs in cbs-/- mice retinas, which were significantly differentially expressed compared to cbs+/+ . MiRNA pathway analysis showed their involvement in HDAC and DNMT activation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and oxidative stresses, inflammation, hypoxia, and angiogenesis pathways. Hcy-induced epigenetic modifications may be involved in retinopathies associated with HHcy, such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.
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18
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Shi Y, Vanhoutte PM. Macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. J Diabetes 2017; 9:434-449. [PMID: 28044409 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells, as well as their major products nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin, play a key role in the regulation of vascular homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction is a critical and initiating factor in the genesis of diabetic vascular complications. The present review focuses on both large blood vessels and the microvasculature. The endothelial dysfunction in diabetic macrovascular complications is characterized by reduced NO bioavailability, poorly compensated for by increased production of prostacyclin and/or endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, and increased production or action of endothelium-derived vasoconstrictors. The endothelial dysfunction of microvascular complications is primarily characterized by decreased release of NO, enhanced oxidative stress, increased production of inflammatory factors, abnormal angiogenesis, and impaired endothelial repair. In addition, non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) have emerged as participating in numerous cellular processes. Thus, this reviews pays special attention to microRNAs and their modulatory role in diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction. Some therapeutic strategies for preventing and restoring diabetic endothelial dysfunction are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shi
- Biomedical Research Centre, Shanghai Key Laboratory of organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
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19
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Yang GL, Zhao Z, Qin TT, Wang D, Chen L, Xiang R, Xi Z, Jiang R, Zhang ZS, Zhang J, Li LY. TNFSF15 inhibits VEGF-stimulated vascular hyperpermeability by inducing VEGFR2 dephosphorylation. FASEB J 2017; 31:2001-2012. [PMID: 28183800 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600800r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular hyperpermeability is critical in ischemic diseases, including stroke and myocardial infarction, as well as in inflammation and cancer. It is well known that the VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling pathways are pivotal in promoting vascular permeability; however, counterbalancing mechanisms that restrict vascular permeability to maintain the integrity of blood vessels are not yet fully understood. We report that TNF superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15), a cytokine largely produced by vascular endothelial cells and a specific inhibitor of the proliferation of these same cells, can inhibit VEGF-induced vascular permeability in vitro and in vivo, and that death receptor 3 (DR3), a cell surface receptor of TNFSF15, mediates TNFSF15-induced dephosphorylation of VEGFR2. Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) becomes associated with DR3 upon TNFSF15 interaction with the latter. In addition, a protein complex consisting of VEGFR2, DR3, and SHP-1 is formed in response to the effects of TNFSF15 and VEGF on endothelial cells. It is plausible that this protein complex provides a structural basis for the molecular mechanism in which TNFSF15 induces the inhibition of VEGF-stimulated vascular hyperpermeability.-Yang, G.-L., Zhao, Z., Qin, T.-T., Wang, D., Chen, L., Xiang, R., Xi, Z., Jiang, R., Zhang, Z.-S., Zhang, J., Li. L.-Y. TNFSF15 inhibits VEGF-stimulated vascular hyperpermeability by inducing VEGFR2 dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Ting-Ting Qin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nankai University, and
| | - Zhen Xi
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Zhi-Song Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research,
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Lu-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research,
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