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Aminuddin A, Ng PY, Leong CO, Makpol S, Chua EW. Potential role of heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutations in modulating the subtype-specific adaptation of oral squamous cell carcinoma to cisplatin therapy. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:573. [PMID: 39425872 PMCID: PMC11490477 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are constantly evolving to adapt to environmental changes, particularly during exposure to drug treatment. In this work, we aimed to characterize genetic and epigenetic changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that may increase the resistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to cisplatin. We first derived drug-resistant cells from two human OSCC cell lines, namely SAS and H103, by continual cisplatin treatments for about 4 months. To determine mtDNA changes induced by cisplatin, we performed nanopore sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of mtDNA extracted from the cells pre- and post-treatment. We also assessed the mitochondrial functions of the cells and their capacity to generate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that in the cisplatin-resistant cells derived from SAS, there was a reduction in mtDNA content and significant enrichment of a m.3910G > C mutation in the MT-ND1 gene. However, such changes were not detected in cisplatin-resistant H103 cells. The cisplatin treatment also altered methylation patterns in both SAS and H103 cells and decreased their sensitivity to ROS-induced cytotoxicity. We suggest that the sequence alterations and epigenetic changes in mtDNA and the reduction in mtDNA content could be key drivers of cisplatin resistance in OSCC. These mtDNA alterations may participate in cellular adaptation that serves as a response to adverse changes in the environment, particularly exposure to cytotoxic agents. Importantly, the observed mtDNA changes may be influenced by the distinct genetic landscapes of various cancer subtypes. Overall, this study reveals significant insights into cisplatin resistance driven by complex mtDNA dynamics, particularly in OSCC. This underscores the need for targeted therapies tailored to the genetic profiles of individual OSCC patients to improve disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnani Aminuddin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Yuen Ng
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Onn Leong
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- AGTC Genomics, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng Wee Chua
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Lee HT, Lin CS, Liu CY, Chen P, Tsai CY, Wei YH. Mitochondrial Plasticity and Glucose Metabolic Alterations in Human Cancer under Oxidative Stress-From Viewpoints of Chronic Inflammation and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9458. [PMID: 39273403 PMCID: PMC11395599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress elicited by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chronic inflammation are involved both in deterring and the generation/progression of human cancers. Exogenous ROS can injure mitochondria and induce them to generate more endogenous mitochondrial ROS to further perpetuate the deteriorating condition in the affected cells. Dysfunction of these cancer mitochondria may possibly be offset by the Warburg effect, which is characterized by amplified glycolysis and metabolic reprogramming. ROS from neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are an essential element for neutrophils to defend against invading pathogens or to kill cancer cells. A chronic inflammation typically includes consecutive NET activation and tissue damage, as well as tissue repair, and together with NETs, ROS would participate in both the destruction and progression of cancers. This review discusses human mitochondrial plasticity and the glucose metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells confronting oxidative stress by the means of chronic inflammation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Lee
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sung Lin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Center for General Education, Kainan University, Taoyuan City 338, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Po Chen
- Cancer Free Biotech, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Clinical Trial Center, Division of Immunology & Rheumatology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 500, Taiwan
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Guo Y, Liu Z, Wu Q, Li Z, Yang J, Xuan H. Integration with Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveals the In Vitro Cytotoxic Mechanisms of Chinese Poplar Propolis by Triggering the Glucose Metabolism in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:4329. [PMID: 37892405 PMCID: PMC10610315 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products serve as a valuable reservoir of anticancer agents. Chinese poplar propolis (CP) has exhibited remarkable antitumor activities, yet its precise mechanisms of action remain elusive. This study aims to elucidate the in vitro cytotoxic mechanisms of CP in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) through comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Our evidence suggested that CP possesses a great potential to inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells by targeting the glucose metabolism. Notably, CP exhibited a dose- and time-dependent reduction in the viability of HepG2 cells. Transcriptome sequencing unveiled significant alterations in the cellular metabolism, particularly within glucose metabolism pathways. CP effectively restrained glucose consumption and lactic acid production. Moreover, the CP treatment led to a substantial decrease in the mRNA expression levels of key glucose transporters (GLUT1 and GLUT3) and glycolytic enzymes (LDHA, HK2, PKM2, and PFK). Correspondingly, CP suppressed some key protein levels. Cellular metabolomic analysis demonstrated a marked reduction in intermediary products of glucose metabolism, specifically fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and acetyl-CoA, following CP administration. Finally, key compounds in CP were screened, and apigenin, pinobanksin, pinocembrin, and galangin were identified as potential active agents against glycolysis. It indicates that the effectiveness of propolis in inhibiting liver cancer is the result of the combined action of several components. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic value of propolis in the treatment of liver cancer by targeting glycolytic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Guo
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (Q.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhengxin Liu
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (Q.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (Q.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zongze Li
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (Q.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jialin Yang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Yili Prefecture Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Yili 835000, China
| | - Hongzhuan Xuan
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (Q.W.); (Z.L.)
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Zhao L, Geng R, Huang Y, Zhang J, Cheng H, Zhou C, Wang Y. AP2α negatively regulates PDHA1 in cervical cancer cells to promote aggressive features and aerobic glycolysis in vitro and in vivo. J Gynecol Oncol 2023; 34:e59. [PMID: 37055163 PMCID: PMC10482590 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2023.34.e59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As a gate-keeper enzyme link, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha (PDHA1) functions as a key regulator during glycolysis and the mitochondrial citric acid cycle, which has been reported in several tumors. Nevertheless, the effects of PDHA1 on biological behaviors and metabolism remain unclear in cervical cancer (CC) cells. The study aims to explore the PDHA1 effects on glucose metabolism in CC cells and its possible mechanism. METHODS We first determined the expression levels of PDHA1 and activating protein 2 alpha (AP2α) as a PDHA1 potential transcription factor. The effects of PDHA1 in vivo were evaluated through a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) labeling assay, Transwell invasion assay, wound healing assay, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay and flow cytometry were performed in CC cells. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) levels were determined to reflect aerobic glycolysis level in gastric cancer cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured with 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate kit. The relationship between PDHA1 and AP2α was examined by conducting chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS In CC tissues and cell lines, PDHA1 was downregulated, while AP2α was upregulated. Overexpression of PDHA1 remarkedly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of CC cells, and tumor growth in vivo, as well as promoted OCR, apoptosis and ROS production. Moreover, AP2α directly bound to PDHA1 within suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 promoter region to negatively regulate PDHA1 expression level. What is more, PDHA1 knockdown could effectively reversed the AP2α silencing-mediated suppressive effects on cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and the promotive effects of AP2α knockdown on OCR, apoptosis and ROS production. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that AP2α negatively regulated PDHA1 via binding to PDHA1 gene promoter to promote malignant CC cell behaviors, which may provide a potential approach for CC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Rong Geng
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Foshan, China
| | - Jiping Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Haiying Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Cankun Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Cacioppo R, Akman HB, Tuncer T, Erson-Bensan AE, Lindon C. Differential translation of mRNA isoforms underlies oncogenic activation of cell cycle kinase Aurora A. eLife 2023; 12:RP87253. [PMID: 37384380 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) is an oncogenic kinase with major roles in mitosis, but also exerts cell cycle- and kinase-independent functions linked to cancer. Therefore, control of its expression, as well as its activity, is crucial. A short and a long 3'UTR isoform exist for AURKA mRNA, resulting from alternative polyadenylation (APA). We initially observed that in triple-negative breast cancer, where AURKA is typically overexpressed, the short isoform is predominant and this correlates with faster relapse times of patients. The short isoform is characterized by higher translational efficiency since translation and decay rate of the long isoform are targeted by hsa-let-7a tumor-suppressor miRNA. Additionally, hsa-let-7a regulates the cell cycle periodicity of translation of the long isoform, whereas the short isoform is translated highly and constantly throughout interphase. Finally, disrupted production of the long isoform led to an increase in proliferation and migration rates of cells. In summary, we uncovered a new mechanism dependent on the cooperation between APA and miRNA targeting likely to be a route of oncogenic activation of human AURKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cacioppo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hesna Begum Akman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Taner Tuncer
- Department of Biology, Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Catherine Lindon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Xu X, Ding C, Zhong H, Qin W, Shu D, Yu M, Abuduaini N, Zhang S, Yang X, Feng B. Integrative analysis revealed that distinct cuprotosis patterns reshaped tumor microenvironment and responses to immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165101. [PMID: 37006250 PMCID: PMC10060625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCuprotosis is a novel form of programmed cell death that involves direct targeting of key enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle by excess copper and may result in mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction. However, whether cuprotosis may mediate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune regulation in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear.MethodsTen cuprotosis-related genes were selected and unsupervised consensus clustering was performed to identify the cuprotosis patterns and the correlated TME characteristics. Using principal component analysis, a COPsig score was established to quantify cuprotosis patterns in individual patients. The top 9 most important cuprotosis signature genes were analyzed using single-cell transcriptome data.ResultsThree distinct cuprotosis patterns were identified. The TME cell infiltration characteristics of three patterns were associated with immune-excluded, immune-desert, and immune-inflamed phenotype, respectively. Based on individual cuprotosis patterns, patients were assigned into high and low COPsig score groups. Patients with a higher COPsig score were characterized by longer overall survival time, lower immune cell as well as stromal infiltration, and greater tumor mutational burden. Moreover, further analysis demonstrated that CRC patients with a higher COPsig score were more likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. Single-cell transcriptome analysis indicated that cuprotosis signature genes recruited tumor-associated macrophages to TME through the regulation of TCA and the metabolism of glutamine and fatty acid, thus influencing the prognosis of CRC patients.ConclusionThis study indicated that distinct cuprotosis patterns laid a solid foundation to the explanation of heterogeneity and complexity of individual TME, thus guiding more effective immunotherapy as well as adjuvant chemotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sen Zhang
- *Correspondence: Bo Feng, ; Xiao Yang, ; Sen Zhang,
| | - Xiao Yang
- *Correspondence: Bo Feng, ; Xiao Yang, ; Sen Zhang,
| | - Bo Feng
- *Correspondence: Bo Feng, ; Xiao Yang, ; Sen Zhang,
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7
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Gao X, Zhang H, Zhang C, Li M, Yu X, Sun Y, Shi Y, Zhang H, He X. The emerging role of long non-coding RNAs in renal cell carcinoma progression and clinical therapy via targeting metabolic regulation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1122065. [PMID: 36969848 PMCID: PMC10034124 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1122065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphical AbstractThis review mainly describes that lncRNAs interact with miRNA-mRNA axis, or directly binds to mRNAs and proteins, to influence RCC progression via metabolic regulation, mainly including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics (Created with biorender.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minghe Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingai Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xu He, ; Hongxia Zhang,
| | - Xu He
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xu He, ; Hongxia Zhang,
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8
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Ginsenosides in cancer: A focus on the regulation of cell metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Faizan MI, Chaudhuri R, Sagar S, Albogami S, Chaudhary N, Azmi I, Akhtar A, Ali SM, Kumar R, Iqbal J, Joshi MC, Kharya G, Seth P, Roy SS, Ahmad T. NSP4 and ORF9b of SARS-CoV-2 Induce Pro-Inflammatory Mitochondrial DNA Release in Inner Membrane-Derived Vesicles. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192969. [PMID: 36230930 PMCID: PMC9561960 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) has been found in the plasma of severely ill COVID-19 patients and is now known as a strong predictor of mortality. However, the underlying mechanism of mtDNA release is unexplored. Here, we show a novel mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-mediated pro-inflammatory/pro-apoptotic mtDNA release and a rational therapeutic stem cell-based approach to mitigate these effects. We systematically screened the effects of 29 SARS-CoV-2 proteins on mitochondrial damage and cell death and found that NSP4 and ORF9b caused extensive mitochondrial structural changes, outer membrane macropore formation, and the release of inner membrane vesicles loaded with mtDNA. The macropore-forming ability of NSP4 was mediated through its interaction with BCL2 antagonist/killer (BAK), whereas ORF9b was found to inhibit the anti-apoptotic member of the BCL2 family protein myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL1) and induce inner membrane vesicle formation containing mtDNA. Knockdown of BAK and/or overexpression of MCL1 significantly reversed SARS-CoV-2-mediated mitochondrial damage. Therapeutically, we engineered human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with a simultaneous knockdown of BAK and overexpression of MCL1 (MSCshBAK+MCL1) and named these cells IMAT-MSCs (intercellular mitochondrial transfer-assisted therapeutic MSCs). Upon co-culture with SARS-CoV-2-infected or NSP4/ORF9b-transduced airway epithelial cells, IMAT-MSCs displayed functional intercellular mitochondrial transfer (IMT) via tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). The mitochondrial donation by IMAT-MSCs attenuated the pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic mtDNA release from co-cultured epithelial cells. Our findings thus provide a new mechanistic basis for SARS-CoV-2-induced cell death and a novel therapeutic approach to engineering MSCs for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imam Faizan
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies (MCARS), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rituparna Chaudhuri
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Section, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Gurugram 122052, India
| | - Shakti Sagar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisha Chaudhary
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies (MCARS), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Iqbal Azmi
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies (MCARS), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Areej Akhtar
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies (MCARS), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Syed Mansoor Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 10029, India
| | - Jawed Iqbal
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies (MCARS), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohan C. Joshi
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies (MCARS), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gaurav Kharya
- Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi 110076, India
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Section, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Gurugram 122052, India
| | - Soumya Sinha Roy
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies (MCARS), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-9971525411
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Jain A, Katiyar A, Singh R, Bakhshi S, Singh H, Palanichamy JK, Singh A. Implications of mitochondrial DNA variants in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Research on the role of variations in the mitochondrial genome in pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been unfolding at a rapid rate. Our laboratory has previously described higher number of copies of the mitochondrial genomes per cell in pediatric ALL patients as compared to the healthy controls. In the current study, we evaluated the pattern of mitochondrial genome variations in 20 de-novo pediatric B-ALL cases and seven controls. Quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction was used for estimation of mitochondrial genomes’ copy number in bone marrow samples of each ALL patient and peripheral blood samples of controls. The complete mitochondrial genomes of all samples were sequenced using the Illumina platform.
Results
Sequencing data analysis using multiple mitochondrial genome databases revealed 325 variants in all 27 samples, out of which 221 variants were previously known while 104 were unassigned, new variants. The 325 variants consisted of 7 loss-of-function variants, 131 synonymous variants, 75 missense variants, and 112 non-coding variants. New, missense variants (n = 21) were identified in genes encoding the electron transport chain complexes with most of them encoding ND4, ND5 of complex I. Missense and loss-of-function variants were found to be deleterious by many predictor databases of pathogenicity. MuTect2 identified true somatic variants present only in tumors between patient-sibling pairs and showed overlap with missense and loss-of-function variants. Online MtDNA-server showed heteroplasmic and homoplasmic variants in mitochondrial genome.
Conclusions
The data suggest that some of these variations might have a deleterious impact on the expression of mitochondrial encoded genes with a possible functional relevance in leukemia.
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Kubo Y, Tanaka K, Masuike Y, Takahashi T, Yamashita K, Makino T, Saito T, Yamamoto K, Tsujimoto T, Harino T, Kurokawa Y, Yamasaki M, Nakajima K, Eguchi H, Doki Y. Low mitochondrial DNA copy number induces chemotherapy resistance via epithelial-mesenchymal transition by DNA methylation in esophageal squamous cancer cells. J Transl Med 2022; 20:383. [PMID: 36038893 PMCID: PMC9422107 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most severe cancers and is characterized by chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In a previous study, a low mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was associated with poorer prognosis and induced EMT in ESCC. However, the detailed mechanism related to mtDNA copy number and EMT is unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism by which a change in mtDNA copy number contributes to EMT and to examine treatment of chemotherapy resistance in ESCC. METHODS The association between low mtDNA copy number and chemotherapy resistance was investigated using specimens from 88 patients who underwent surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Then, the mtDNA content of human ESCC cell lines, TE8 and TE11, was depleted by knockdown of mitochondrial transcription factor A expression. The present study focused on modulation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DNA methylation as the mechanisms by which mtDNA copy number affects EMT. mRNA and protein expression, chemotherapy sensitivity, proliferation, MMP and DNA methylation were evaluated, and in vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to clarify these mechanisms. RESULTS ESCC patients with decreased mtDNA copy number who underwent R0 resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy had significantly worse pathological response and recurrence-free survival. Additionally, low mtDNA copy number was associated with resistance to chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. mtDNA controlled MMP, and MMP depolarization induced EMT. Depletion of mtDNA and low MMP induced DNA methylation via a DNA methylation transcription factor (DNMT), and a DNMT inhibitor suppressed EMT and improved chemotherapy sensitivity in mtDNA-depleted ESCC cells, as shown by in vitro and in vivo assays. CONCLUSION This study showed that decreased mtDNA copy number induced EMT via modulation of MMP and DNA methylation in ESCC. Therapeutic strategies increasing mtDNA copy number and DNMT inhibitors may be effective in preventing EMT and chemosensitivity resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Masuike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsujimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Harino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Abd Radzak SM, Mohd Khair SZN, Ahmad F, Patar A, Idris Z, Mohamed Yusoff AA. Insights regarding mitochondrial DNA copy number alterations in human cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:104. [PMID: 35713211 PMCID: PMC9304817 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the critical organelles involved in various cellular functions. Mitochondrial biogenesis is activated by multiple cellular mechanisms which require a synchronous regulation between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA). The mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) is a proxy indicator for mitochondrial activity, and its alteration reflects mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Despite the precise mechanisms that modulate the amount and composition of mtDNA, which have not been fully elucidated, mtDNA-CN is known to influence numerous cellular pathways that are associated with cancer and as well as multiple other diseases. In addition, the utility of current technology in measuring mtDNA-CN contributes to its extensive assessment of diverse traits and tumorigenesis. The present review provides an overview of mtDNA-CN variations across human cancers and an extensive summary of the existing knowledge on the regulation and machinery of mtDNA-CN. The current information on the advanced methods used for mtDNA-CN assessment is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Muslihah Abd Radzak
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Siti Zulaikha Nashwa Mohd Khair
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Farizan Ahmad
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Azim Patar
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Zamzuri Idris
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
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13
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Allen ER, Whitefoot-Keliin KM, Palmatier EM, Mahon AR, Greenlee-Wacker MC. Extracellular vesicles from A23187-treated neutrophils cause cGAS-STING-dependent IL-6 production by macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949451. [PMID: 35967325 PMCID: PMC9374307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to several types of bacteria, as well as pharmacological agents, neutrophils produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) and release DNA in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, it is unknown whether these two neutrophil products cooperate to modulate inflammation. Consistent with vital NETosis, neutrophils challenged with S. aureus, as well as those treated with A23187, released significantly more DNA relative to untreated or fMLF-treated neutrophils, with no lysis occurring for any condition. To test the hypothesis that EVs generated during NETosis caused macrophage inflammation, we isolated and characterized EVs from A23187-treated neutrophils (A23187-EVs). A23187-EVs associated with neutrophil granule proteins, histone H3, transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM), and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We showed that DNA from A23187-EVs, when transfected into macrophages, led to production of IL-6 and IFN-α2, and this response was blunted by pre-treatment with the STING inhibitor H151. Next, we confirmed that A23187-EVs were engulfed by macrophages, and showed that they induced cGAS-STING-dependent IL-6 production. In contrast, neither EVs from untreated or fMLF-treated cells exhibited pro-inflammatory activity. Although detergent-mediated lysis of A23187-EVs diminished IL-6 production, removal of surface-associated DNA with DNase I treatment had no effect, and A23187-EVs did not induce IFN-α2 production. Given these unexpected results, we investigated whether macrophage mtDNA activated the cGAS-STING signaling axis. Consistent with mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), a defined mechanism of mtDNA release, we observed macrophage mitochondrial membrane depolarization, a decrease in cytosolic Bax, and a decrease in mitochondrial cytochrome c, suggesting that macrophage mtDNA may initiate this EV-dependent signaling cascade. All together, these data demonstrate that A23187-EVs behave differently than transfected NET- or EV-DNA, and that neutrophil-derived EVs could be used as a model to study NF-κB-dependent STING activation.
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Metabolic Reprogramming in Response to Alterations of Mitochondrial DNA and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031857. [PMID: 35163779 PMCID: PMC8836428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We used gastric cancer cell line AGS and clinical samples to investigate the roles of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations and mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). A total of 131 clinical samples, including 17 normal gastric mucosa (N-GM) from overweight patients who had received sleeve gastrectomy and 57 paired non-cancerous gastric mucosae (NC-GM) and GAC from GAC patients who had undergone partial/subtotal/total gastrectomy, were recruited to examine the copy number and D310 sequences of mtDNA. The gastric cancer cell line AGS was used with knockdown (KD) mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) to achieve mitochondrial dysfunction through a decrease of mtDNA copy number. Parental (PT), null-target (NT), and TFAM-KD-(A/B/C) represented the parental, control, and TFAM knocked-down AGS cells, respectively. These cells were used to compare the parameters reflecting mitochondrial biogenesis, glycolysis, and cell migration activity. The median mtDNA copy numbers of 17 N-GM, 57 NC-GM, and 57 GAC were 0.058, 0.055, and 0.045, respectively. The trend of decrease was significant (p = 0.030). In addition, GAC had a lower mean mtDNA copy number of 0.055 as compared with the paired NC-GM of 0.078 (p < 0.001). The mean mtDNA copy number ratio (mtDNA copy number of GAC/mtDNA copy number of paired NC-GM) was 0.891. A total of 35 (61.4%) GAC samples had an mtDNA copy number ratio ≤0.804 (p = 0.017) and 27 (47.4%) harbored a D310 mutation (p = 0.047), and these patients had shorter survival time and poorer prognosis. After effective knockdown of TFAM, TFAM-KD-B/C cells expressed higher levels of hexokinase II (HK-II) and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 gene (AKT)-encoded AKT, but lower levels of phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase (p-PDH) than did the NT/PT AGS cells. Except for a higher level of p-PDH, the expression levels of these proteins remained unchanged in TFAM-KD-A, which had a mild knockdown of TFAM. Compared to those of NT, TFAM-KD-C had not only a lower mtDNA copy number (p = 0.050), but also lower oxygen consumption rates (OCR), including basal respiration (OCRBR), ATP-coupled respiration (OCRATP), reserve capacity (OCRRC), and proton leak (OCRPL)(all with p = 0.050). In contrast, TFAM-KD-C expressed a higher extracellular acidification rate (ECAR)/OCRBR ratio (p = 0.050) and a faster wound healing migration at 6, 12, and 18 h, respectively (all with p = 0.050). Beyond a threshold, the decrease in mtDNA copy number, the mtDNA D310 mutation, and mitochondrial dysfunction were involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of GACs. Activation of PDH might be considered as compensation for the mitochondrial dysfunction in response to glucose metabolic reprogramming or to adjust mitochondrial plasticity in GAC.
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15
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Qi X, Li Q, Che X, Wang Q, Wu G. The Uniqueness of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Summary of the Process and Abnormality of Glucose Metabolism and Lipid Metabolism in ccRCC. Front Oncol 2021; 11:727778. [PMID: 34604067 PMCID: PMC8479096 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.727778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney cancer is a cancer with an increasing incidence in recent years. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for up to 80% of all kidney cancers. The understanding of the pathogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis of renal carcinoma is not yet perfect. Kidney cancer has some characteristics that distinguish it from other cancers, and the metabolic aspect is the most obvious. The specificity of glucose and lipid metabolism in kidney cancer cells has also led to its being studied as a metabolic disease. As the most common type of kidney cancer, ccRCC has many characteristics that represent the specificity of kidney cancer. There are features that we are very concerned about, including the presence of lipid droplets in cells and the obesity paradox. These two points are closely related to glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Therefore, we hope to explore whether metabolic changes affect the occurrence and development of kidney cancer by looking for evidence of changes on expression at the genomic and protein levels in glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in ccRCC. We begin with the representative phenomenon of abnormal cancer metabolism: the Warburg effect, through the collection of popular metabolic pathways and related genes in the last decade, as well as some research hotspots, including the role of ferroptosis and glutamine in cancer, systematically elaborated the factors affecting the incidence and metastasis of kidney cancer. This review also identifies the similarities and differences between kidney cancer and other cancers in order to lay a theoretical foundation and provide a valid hypothesis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Qi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quanlin Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangyu Che
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qifei Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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16
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Emerging methods for and novel insights gained by absolute quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number and its clinical applications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107995. [PMID: 34592204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The past thirty years have seen a surge in interest in pathophysiological roles of mitochondria, and the accurate quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mCN) in cells and tissue samples is a fundamental aspect of assessing changes in mitochondrial health and biogenesis. Quantification of mCN between studies is surprisingly variable due to a combination of physiological variability and diverse protocols being used to measure this endpoint. The advent of novel methods to quantify nucleic acids like digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) and high throughput sequencing offer the ability to measure absolute values of mCN. We conducted an in-depth survey of articles published between 1969 -- 2020 to create an overview of mCN values, to assess consensus values of tissue-specific mCN, and to evaluate consistency between methods of assessing mCN. We identify best practices for methods used to assess mCN, and we address the impact of using specific loci on the mitochondrial genome to determine mCN. Current data suggest that clinical measurement of mCN can provide diagnostic and prognostic value in a range of diseases and health conditions, with emphasis on cancer and cardiovascular disease, and the advent of means to measure absolute mCN should improve future clinical applications of mCN measurements.
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17
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Zhuang L, Zhang B, Liu X, Lin L, Wang L, Hong Z, Chen J. Exosomal miR-21-5p derived from cisplatin-resistant SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells promotes glycolysis and inhibits chemosensitivity of its progenitor SKOV3 cells by targeting PDHA1. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2140-2149. [PMID: 34288231 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common reason for gynecologic cancer death. Standard treatments of OC consist of surgery and chemotherapy. However, chemoresistance should be considered. Exosomal miR-21-5p has been shown to regulate the chemosensitivity of cancer cells through regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1 (PDHA1). However, the role of miR-21-5p/PDHA1 in OC is unclear. The levels of miR-21-5p and PDHA1 in clinical samples and cells were investigated. Exosomes derived from SKOV3/cisplatin (SKOV3/DDP) cells (DDP-Exos) were isolated and used to treat SKOV3 cells to test DDP-Exos effects on SKOV3 cells. Extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate were tested with a Seahorse analyzer. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by a flow cytometer. PDHA1 was overexpressed and miR-21-5p was silenced in SKOV3 cells to study the underlying mechanism of miR-21-5p in OC. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblots were applied to measure gene expression at mRNA and protein levels. The levels of PDHA1 in DDP-resistant SKOV3 or tumor tissues were significantly decreased while the levels of miR-21-5p were remarkably upregulated. miR-21-5p in DDP-Exos was sharply increased compared to that of Exos. Data also indicated that DDP-Exos treatment suppressed the sensitivity of SKOV3 cells to DDP and promoted cell viability and glycolysis of SKOV3 cells through inhibiting PDHA1 by exosomal miR-21-5p. miR-21-5p derived from DDP-resistant SKOV3 OC cells promotes glycolysis and inhibits chemosensitivity of its progenitor SKOV3 cells by targeting PDHA1. Our data highlights the important role of miR-21-5p/PDHA1 axis in OC and sheds light on new therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwu Zhuang
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital Affiliated of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital Affiliated of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital Affiliated of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital Affiliated of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhejing Hong
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital Affiliated of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital Affiliated of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Jin M, Zhou F, Jin C, Zhang J, Xing J, Wang N, He X, Ren T. PDE2 Inhibits PKA-Mediated Phosphorylation of TFAM to Promote Mitochondrial Ca 2+-Induced Colorectal Cancer Growth. Front Oncol 2021; 11:663778. [PMID: 34235078 PMCID: PMC8256694 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.663778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that the dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) plays a critical role in the growth of tumor cells, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underling mechanism is not fully elucidated. In this study, the regulatory effects of mitochondrial Ca2+ on phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2)/cAMP/PKA axis and the phosphorylation of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) as well as the growth of CRC cells were systematically investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings demonstrated that MCU-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake activated mitochondrial PDE2 in CRC cells. Moreover, overexpression MCU in CRC led to a 1.9-fold increase in Ca2+ uptake compared to control cells. However, knockdown of MCU resulted in 1.5-fould decrease in Ca2+ uptake in mitochondria compared to the controls. Activation of mitochondrial PDE2 significantly inhibited the activity of mitochondrial protein kinase A (PKA), which subsequently leads to decreased phosphorylation of TFAM. Our data further revealed that PKA regulates the phosphorylation of TFAM and promotes the degradation of phosphorylated TFAM. Thus, TFAM protein levels accumulated in mitochondria when the activity of PKA was inhibited. Overall, this study showed that the overexpression of MCU enhanced CRC growth through promoting the accumulation of TFAM proteins in mitochondria. Conversely, knockdown of MCU in CRC cells resulted in decreased CRC growth. Collectively, these data suggest that the mitochondrial Ca2+-activated PDE2/cAMP/PKA axis plays a key role in regulating TFAM stability and the growth of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaya Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingpeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of General Surgery, Huaihai Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chao Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianli He
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Wang L, Cheng HX, Zhou YH, Ma M. Clinical Significance of the D-Loop Gene Mutation in Mitochondrial DNA in Laryngeal Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3461-3466. [PMID: 34079291 PMCID: PMC8165653 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s304836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the D-loop gene mutation and microsatellite instability in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the correlation with the clinical and pathological parameters in laryngeal cancer. Methods The tumor tissues and paratumor tissues in 60 cases of laryngeal cancer were selected, and DNA was extracted from these tissues. The D-loop region in mtDNA was amplified by PCR with the gene sequence of the amplified product being detected. The gene sequence of the detected region was compared with the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) and the related database by using the Mitomaster software. The correlation between the D-loop gene mutation and the clinical and pathological parameters was investigated. Results A total of 174 mutations across 38 sites were detected in 51 (85%) of samples. Most of the mutations were concentrated in the high various (HV) I region, and the main types of mutations were the substitution of a single base or insertion and deletion of a single base. There was also microsatellite instability in the D310 region. The statistical results showed that there was no correlation between the age, gender, tumor diameter, and TNM stage, and the number of the D-loop mutations in mtDNA (P > 0.05). Conclusion There existed high-frequency mutation of the D-loop gene in mtDNA in laryngeal cancer, which might play an important role in the pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Xiang Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Luoyang First People's Hospital, Luoyang, 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hui Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
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20
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Eskuri M, Kemi N, Kauppila JH. Monocarboxylate Transporters 1 and 4 and MTCO1 in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092142. [PMID: 33946786 PMCID: PMC8124264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The expression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are reported in a variety of cancers and suggested as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. However, previous study results in gastric cancer are contradictory. In this study, we evaluated the expression of MCT1, MCT4, and Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (MTCO1) and their association with clinicopathological parameters and prognostic significance in a cohort of 568 surgically treated gastric cancer patients. The results suggest that monocarboxylate transporters and MTCO1 are associated with gastric cancer progression but have no independent prognostic relevance. Abstract Background: Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) appear to play an important role in tumor development and aggressiveness. The present study aimed to evaluate associations between cytoplasmic MCT1, MCT4, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (MTCO1) expression and clinicopathological variables or survival in gastric cancer. Material and methods: A total of 568 gastric adenocarcinoma patients were included in this retrospective cohort study. Protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The patients were divided into low expression and high expression groups by median value. The Chi-squared test was used to compare categorical variables. The T-test was used to compare continuous variables. Expressions were analyzed in relation to 5-year survival and overall survival. Cox regression provided HRs and 95% CIs, adjusted for confounders. Results: High cytoplasmic MCT1 expression was associated statistically significantly with higher T-class (p = 0.020). High cytoplasmic MCT4 expression was associated statistically significantly with positive lymph node status (p = 0.005) and was more common in Lauren’s intestinal type (p < 0.001). Low cytoplasmic MTCO1 expression was associated statistically significantly with positive distant metastases (p = 0.030), and high cytoplasmic MTCO1 expression was associated more often with intestinal type (p = 0.044). However, MCT1, MCT4, and MTCO1 were not associated with survival. Conclusions: Monocarboxylate receptors seem to be associated with gastric cancer progression but have no independent prognostic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Eskuri
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-294-480-000
| | - Niko Kemi
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Joonas H. Kauppila
- Surgery Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Chaudhary S, Ganguly S, Palanichamy JK, Singh A, Bakhshi R, Jain A, Chopra A, Bakhshi S. PGC1A driven enhanced mitochondrial DNA copy number predicts outcome in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:246-254. [PMID: 33812061 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number alterations occur in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We evaluated regulation and biological significance of mtDNA copy number in pediatric AML patients (n = 123) by qRT-PCR, and in-vitro studies. MtDNA copy number was significantly higher (p < 0.001) and an independent predictor of aggressive disease (p = 0.006), lower event free survival (p = 0.033), and overall survival (p = 0.007). Expression of TFAM, POLG, POLRMT, MYC and ND3 were significantly upregulated. In cell lines, PGC1A inhibition decreased mtDNA copy number while MYC inhibition had no effect. PGC1A may contribute to enhanced mtDNA copy number, which predicts disease aggressiveness and inferior survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shuvadeep Ganguly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Radhika Bakhshi
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ayushi Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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22
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Sepsis is associated with mitochondrial DNA damage and a reduced mitochondrial mass in the kidney of patients with sepsis-AKI. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2021; 25:36. [PMID: 33494815 PMCID: PMC7831178 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Sepsis is a life-threatening condition accompanied by organ dysfunction subsequent to a dysregulated host response to infection. Up to 60% of patients with sepsis develop acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with a poor clinical outcome. The pathophysiology of sepsis-associated AKI (sepsis-AKI) remains incompletely understood, but mitochondria have emerged as key players in the pathogenesis. Therefore, our aim was to identify mitochondrial damage in patients with sepsis-AKI. Methods We conducted a clinical laboratory study using “warm” postmortem biopsies from sepsis-associated AKI patients from a university teaching hospital. Biopsies were taken from adult patients (n = 14) who died of sepsis with AKI at the intensive care unit (ICU) and control patients (n = 12) undergoing tumor nephrectomy. To define the mechanisms of the mitochondrial contribution to the pathogenesis of sepsis-AKI, we explored mRNA and DNA expression of mitochondrial quality mechanism pathways, DNA oxidation and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity in renal biopsies from sepsis-AKI patients and control subjects. Next, we induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 48 h to mimic sepsis and validate our results in vitro. Results Compared to control subjects, sepsis-AKI patients had upregulated mRNA expression of oxidative damage markers, excess mitochondrial DNA damage and lower mitochondrial mass. Sepsis-AKI patients had lower mRNA expression of mitochondrial quality markers TFAM, PINK1 and PARKIN, but not of MFN2 and DRP1. Oxidative DNA damage was present in the cytosol of tubular epithelial cells in the kidney of sepsis-AKI patients, whereas it was almost absent in biopsies from control subjects. Oxidative DNA damage co-localized with both the nuclei and mitochondria. Accordingly, HUVECs induced with LPS for 48 h showed an increased mnSOD expression, a decreased TFAM expression and higher mtDNA damage levels. Conclusion Sepsis-AKI induces mitochondrial DNA damage in the human kidney, without upregulation of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, which likely resulted in a reduction in mitochondrial mass.![]()
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Trisolini L, Laera L, Favia M, Muscella A, Castegna A, Pesce V, Guerra L, De Grassi A, Volpicella M, Pierri CL. Differential Expression of ADP/ATP Carriers as a Biomarker of Metabolic Remodeling and Survival in Kidney Cancers. Biomolecules 2020; 11:38. [PMID: 33396658 PMCID: PMC7824283 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP/ATP carriers (AACs) are mitochondrial transport proteins playing a strategic role in maintaining the respiratory chain activity, fueling the cell with ATP, and also regulating mitochondrial apoptosis. To understand if AACs might represent a new molecular target for cancer treatment, we evaluated AAC expression levels in cancer/normal tissue pairs available on the Tissue Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA), observing that AACs are dysregulated in most of the available samples. It was observed that at least two AACs showed a significant differential expression in all the available kidney cancer/normal tissue pairs. Thus, we investigated AAC expression in the corresponding kidney non-cancer (HK2)/cancer (RCC-Shaw and CaKi-1) cell lines, grown in complete medium or serum starvation, for investigating how metabolic alteration induced by different growth conditions might influence AAC expression and resistance to mitochondrial apoptosis initiators, such as "staurosporine" or the AAC highly selective inhibitor "carboxyatractyloside". Our analyses showed that AAC2 and AAC3 transcripts are more expressed than AAC1 in all the investigated kidney cell lines grown in complete medium, whereas serum starvation causes an increase of at least two AAC transcripts in kidney cancer cell lines compared to non-cancer cells. However, the total AAC protein content is decreased in the investigated cancer cell lines, above all in the serum-free medium. The observed decrease in AAC protein content might be responsible for the decrease of OXPHOS activity and for the observed lowered sensitivity to mitochondrial apoptosis induced by staurosporine or carboxyatractyloside. Notably, the cumulative probability of the survival of kidney cancer patients seriously decreases with the decrease of AAC1 expression in KIRC and KIRP tissues making AAC1 a possible new biomarker of metabolic remodeling and survival in kidney cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Trisolini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Luna Laera
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Maria Favia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Vito Pesce
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Guerra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Anna De Grassi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
- BROWSer S.r.l. c/o, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Volpicella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (L.L.); (M.F.); (A.C.); (V.P.); (L.G.)
- BROWSer S.r.l. c/o, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, Biopharmaceutics, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Jiang Z, Bahr T, Zhou C, Jin T, Chen H, Song S, Ikeno Y, Tian H, Bai Y. Diagnostic value of circulating cell-free mtDNA in patients with suspected thyroid cancer: ND4/ND1 ratio as a new potential plasma marker. Mitochondrion 2020; 55:145-153. [PMID: 33035689 PMCID: PMC9680688 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and its incidence continues to rise. For clinicians with cancer patients, choosing and interpreting diagnostic laboratory studies has become increasingly important. Previously, changes in plasma free mitochondrial DNA levels have been found in colorectal, breast, lung, and urinary cancers, and have demonstrated diagnostic value. In this study, we investigated whether the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer might be predicted using mtDNA copy number (ND1), mtDNA integrity (ND4/ND1) and levels of cell-free nDNA (GAPDH). We analyzed ND1, ND4, and GAPDH levels in plasma and blood cells from 75 patients with thyroid cancer, 40 patients with nodular goiter, and 107 normal controls using real-time PCR. Although both the thyroid nodule and thyroid cancer patients had significantly increased ND1 levels, the ND4/ND1 ratio in the thyroid cancer group was higher than the thyroid nodule group (P < 0.05), and significantly higher than the normal control group (P < 0.01). Plasma levels of nuclear DNA (GAPDH) in the thyroid cancer group were also higher compared to normal (P < 0.05). These results indicate that increased intactness of plasma free mtDNA is associated with increased levels of plasma cell-free nDNA, and that the ND4/ND1 ratio has the potential to be a new detection indicator in thyroid cancer. Furthermore, we classified thyroid cancer patients according to clinical data including age, tumor size, and metastasis. We found significantly higher levels of GAPDH in malignant tissues. Because ND4/ND1 correlated with plasma GAPDH in the plasma studies, this also suggests a potential relationship between ND4 intactness and thyroid tumor tissue size. Taken together, our findings suggest a tumor-specific process involving increased release of intact mtDNA, detectable in the plasma, which differentiates normal patients from patients with thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Jiangbei People's Hospital Affiliated of Nantong University, China
| | - Tyler Bahr
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, United States
| | - Chen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Shujie Song
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, United States
| | - Hengli Tian
- The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yidong Bai
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, United States.
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Wei J, Wu C, Meng H, Li M, Niu W, Zhan Y, Jin L, Duan Y, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Li G, Zhou M. The biogenesis and roles of extrachromosomal oncogene involved in carcinogenesis and evolution. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3532-3550. [PMID: 33294253 PMCID: PMC7716155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
More and more extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) was found in human tumor cells in recent years, which has a high copy number in tumors and changes the expression of oncogenes, thus different from normal chromosomal DNA. These circular structures were identified to originate from chromosomes, and play critical roles in rapid carcinogenesis, tumor evolution and multidrug resistance. Therefore, this review mostly focuses on the biogenesis and regulation of extrachromosomal oncogene in ecDNA as well as its function and mechanism in tumors, which are of great significance for our comprehensive understanding of the role of ecDNA in tumor carcinogenic mechanism and are expected to provide ecDNA with the potential to be a new molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chunchun Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Hanbing Meng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Mengna Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Weihong Niu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Long Jin
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yumei Duan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410013, Hunan, China
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Sepulveda-Villegas M, Rojo R, Garza-Hernandez D, de la Rosa-Garza M, Treviño V. A systematic review of genes affecting mitochondrial processes in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165846. [PMID: 32473387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant conversion of cancer cells requires efficient mitochondria reprogramming orchestrated by hundreds of genes. The transformation includes increased energy demand, biosynthesis of precursors, and reactive oxygen species needed to accelerate cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Reprogramming involves complex gene alterations that have not been methodically curated. Therefore, we systematically analyzed the literature of cancer-related genes in mitochondria. Through the analysis of >2500 PubMed abstracts and >1600 human genes, we identified 228 genes showing clear roles in cancer. Each gene was classified according to their homeostatic function, together with the pathological transitions that contribute to specific cancer hallmarks. The potential clinical relevance of these hallmarks and genes is discussed by representative examples and validated by detecting differences in gene expression levels across 16 different types of cancer. A compendium, including the gene functions and alterations underpinning cancer progression, can be explored at http://bioinformatica.mty.itesm.mx/MitoCancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricruz Sepulveda-Villegas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Cátedra de Bioinformática, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000, Colonia Los Doctores, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, Mexico
| | - Rocio Rojo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Cátedra de Bioinformática, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000, Colonia Los Doctores, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, Mexico
| | - Debora Garza-Hernandez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Cátedra de Bioinformática, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000, Colonia Los Doctores, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, Mexico
| | - Mauricio de la Rosa-Garza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Cátedra de Bioinformática, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000, Colonia Los Doctores, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, Mexico
| | - Victor Treviño
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Cátedra de Bioinformática, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000, Colonia Los Doctores, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, Mexico.
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Vozáriková V, Kunová N, Bauer JA, Frankovský J, Kotrasová V, Procházková K, Džugasová V, Kutejová E, Pevala V, Nosek J, Tomáška Ľ. Mitochondrial HMG-Box Containing Proteins: From Biochemical Properties to the Roles in Human Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081193. [PMID: 32824374 PMCID: PMC7463775 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules are packaged into compact nucleo-protein structures called mitochondrial nucleoids (mt-nucleoids). Their compaction is mediated in part by high-mobility group (HMG)-box containing proteins (mtHMG proteins), whose additional roles include the protection of mtDNA against damage, the regulation of gene expression and the segregation of mtDNA into daughter organelles. The molecular mechanisms underlying these functions have been identified through extensive biochemical, genetic, and structural studies, particularly on yeast (Abf2) and mammalian mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) mtHMG proteins. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the biochemical properties of mtHMG proteins, the structural basis of their interaction with DNA, their roles in various mtDNA transactions, and the evolutionary trajectories leading to their rapid diversification. We also describe how defects in the maintenance of mtDNA in cells with dysfunctional mtHMG proteins lead to different pathologies at the cellular and organismal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vozáriková
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Nina Kunová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.K.); (J.A.B.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Jacob A. Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.K.); (J.A.B.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Ján Frankovský
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Veronika Kotrasová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.K.); (J.A.B.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Katarína Procházková
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Vladimíra Džugasová
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Eva Kutejová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.K.); (J.A.B.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Vladimír Pevala
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.K.); (J.A.B.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Jozef Nosek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina CH-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Ľubomír Tomáška
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.V.); (J.F.); (K.P.); (V.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-90149-433
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Chen Y, Gu D, Wen Y, Yang S, Duan X, Lai Y, Yang J, Yuan D, Khan A, Wu W, Zeng G. Identifying the novel key genes in renal cell carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis and cell experiments. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:331. [PMID: 32699530 PMCID: PMC7372855 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although major driver gene have been identified, the complex molecular heterogeneity of renal cell cancer (RCC) remains unclear. Therefore, more relevant genes need to be identified to explain the pathogenesis of renal cancer. Methods Microarray datasets GSE781, GSE6344, GSE53000 and GSE68417 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by employing GEO2R tool, and function enrichment analyses were performed by using DAVID. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed and the module analysis was performed using STRING and Cytoscape. Survival analysis was performed using GEPIA. Differential expression was verified in Oncomine. Cell experiments (cell viability assays, transwell migration and invasion assays, wound healing assay, flow cytometry) were utilized to verify the roles of the hub genes on the proliferation of kidney cancer cells (A498 and OSRC-2 cell lines). Results A total of 215 DEGs were identified from four datasets. Six hub gene (SUCLG1, PCK2, GLDC, SLC12A1, ATP1A1, PDHA1) were identified and the overall survival time of patients with RCC were significantly shorter. The expression levels of these six genes were significantly decreased in six RCC cell lines(A498, OSRC-2, 786- O, Caki-1, ACHN, 769-P) compared to 293t cell line. The expression level of both mRNA and protein of these genes were downregulated in RCC samples compared to those in paracancerous normal tissues. Cell viability assays showed that overexpressions of SUCLG1, PCK2, GLDC significantly decreased proliferation of RCC. Transwell migration, invasion, wound healing assay showed overexpression of three genes(SUCLG1, PCK2, GLDC) significantly inhibited the migration, invasion of RCC. Flow cytometry analysis showed that overexpression of three genes(SUCLG1, PCK2, GLDC) induced G1/S/G2 phase arrest of RCC cells. Conclusion Based on our current findings, it is concluded that SUCLG1, PCK2, GLDC may serve as a potential prognostic marker of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeda Chen
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230 Guangdong China
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230 Guangdong China
| | - Yaoan Wen
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230 Guangdong China
| | - Shuxin Yang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230 Guangdong China
| | - Yongchang Lai
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230 Guangdong China
| | - Jianan Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daozhang Yuan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aisha Khan
- Department of Family Medicine, Yunshan Medical Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230 Guangdong China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Kangda Road 1#, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510230 Guangdong China
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29
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Aminuddin A, Ng PY, Leong CO, Chua EW. Mitochondrial DNA alterations may influence the cisplatin responsiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7885. [PMID: 32398775 PMCID: PMC7217862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the intrinsic or acquired resistance against cisplatin remains a major obstacle to treatment efficacy in OSCC. Recently, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations have been reported in a variety of cancers. However, the role of mtDNA alterations in OSCC has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between mtDNA alterations (mtDNA content, point mutations, large-scale deletions, and methylation status) and cisplatin sensitivity using two OSCC cell lines, namely SAS and H103, and stem cell-like tumour spheres derived from SAS. By microarray analysis, we found that the tumour spheres profited from aberrant lipid and glucose metabolism and became resistant to cisplatin. By qPCR analysis, we found that the cells with less mtDNA were less responsive to cisplatin (H103 and the tumour spheres). Based on the findings, we theorised that the metabolic changes in the tumour spheres probably resulted in mtDNA depletion, as the cells suppressed mitochondrial respiration and switched to an alternative mode of energy production, i.e. glycolysis. Then, to ascertain the origin of the variation in mtDNA content, we used MinION, a nanopore sequencer, to sequence the mitochondrial genomes of H103, SAS, and the tumour spheres. We found that the lower cisplatin sensitivity of H103 could have been caused by a constellation of genetic and epigenetic changes in its mitochondrial genome. Future work may look into how changes in mtDNA translate into an impact on cell function and therefore cisplatin response.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- DNA, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnani Aminuddin
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Yuen Ng
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng Wee Chua
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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30
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Lin CS, Wei YH, Yeh YC, Pan SC, Lu SY, Chen YJ, Chueh WY. Role of mitochondrial DNA copy number alteration in non-small cell lung cancer. FORMOSAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/fjs.fjs_15_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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31
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Immunometabolic disorders in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36:513-518. [PMID: 31839766 PMCID: PMC6906972 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.85251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease connected with complex and unclear disorders of the immune system, which causes inflammation of body tissues and internal organs. It leads to the formation of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and immune complexes. Numerous immune system disorders and dysfunctions in the biochemical processes can occur in the course of the disease, and a wide range of abnormalities associated with cellular respiratory processes and mitochondrial function have been documented. The following paper presents the current understanding of the contribution of these disorders to the pathogenesis of lupus.
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32
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Chong HX, Yusoff NAA, Hor YY, Lew LC, Jaafar MH, Choi SB, Yusoff MSB, Wahid N, Abdullah MFIL, Zakaria N, Ong KL, Park YH, Liong MT. Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 improved upper respiratory tract infections via enhancing immune and inflammatory parameters: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4783-4797. [PMID: 30954261 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 isolated from bovine milk against upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying immunomodulatory properties. The DR7 strain (9 log cfu/d) was administered for 12 wk in a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled human study involving 109 adults (DR7, n = 56; placebo, n = 53). Subjects were assessed for health conditions monthly via questionnaires, and blood samples were evaluated for cytokine concentrations, peroxidation and oxidative stress, and gene expression in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. The administration of DR7 reduced the duration of nasal symptoms (mean difference 5.09 d; 95% CI: 0.42-9.75) and the frequency of URTI (mean difference 0.32; 95% CI: 0.01-0.63) after 12 and 4 wk, respectively, compared with the placebo. The DR7 treatment suppressed plasma proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α) in middle-aged adults (30 to 60 yr old), while enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) in young adults (<30 yr old), accompanied by reduced plasma peroxidation and oxidative stress levels compared with the placebo. Young adults who received DR7 showed higher expression of plasma CD44 and CD117 by 4.50- and 2.22-fold, respectively, compared with the placebo. Meanwhile, middle-aged adults showed lower expression of plasma CD4 and CD8 by 11.26- and 1.80-fold, respectively, compared with the placebo, indicating less T-cell activation. In contrast, both young and middle-aged adults who received DR7 showed enhanced presence of nonresting and mature NK cells compared with those who received the placebo. We postulate that DR7 alleviated the symptoms of URTI by improving inflammatory parameters and enhancing immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xian Chong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asmaa' A Yusoff
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Yan-Yan Hor
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Lee-Ching Lew
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Hafis Jaafar
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sy-Bing Choi
- School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad S B Yusoff
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Normala Wahid
- Community Health Center, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Norzila Zakaria
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Kee-Leong Ong
- Clinical Nutrition Intl (M) Sdn Bhd, 43200 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong-Ha Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, Korea.
| | - Min-Tze Liong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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33
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Tuchalska-Czuroń J, Lenart J, Augustyniak J, Durlik M. Is mitochondrial DNA copy number a good prognostic marker in resectable pancreatic cancer? Pancreatology 2019; 19:73-79. [PMID: 30528645 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this prospective study was to investigate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in a group of resectable pancreatic cancer (PC) tumor tissues and adjacent normal pancreatic tissues, and to explore the correlation between the mtDNA content in tissues and the clinicopathological parameters and the overall survival. METHODS Relative mtDNA copy number was measured by the quantitative PCR-based assay. The tumors specimens (n = 43) originated from the patients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who did not receive any neoadjuvant systemic therapy. The adjacent normal pancreatic tissue samples (n = 31) were obtained from surgical margins. RESULTS mtDNA copy number was significantly lower in PC tissue (P < 0.001) compared to adjacent normal pancreatic tissue. Jonckheere-Terpstra trend testing indicated a statistically significant decrease in median mtDNA copy number across the differentiation (adjacent normal pancreatic tissue, low-grade, intermediate-grade, high-grade cancer), P < 0.001. However, the survival analyses failed to show a significant difference in survival between patients with high and low mtDNA copy number. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, we provided the first evidence that mitochondrial DNA copy number was significantly lower in pancreatic cancer tissue (P < 0.001) compared to adjacent normal pancreatic tissue. Also, we demonstrated that mitochondrial copy number was not a significant marker for predicting prognosis in resectable pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tuchalska-Czuroń
- Department of Surgical Research and Transplantology, Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Diagnostic Radiology Department, Central Clinical Hospital of the MSWiA in Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Lenart
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Augustyniak
- Stem Cell Bioengineering Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Durlik
- Department of Surgical Research and Transplantology, Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Clinical Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplantation, Central Clinical Hospital of the MSWiA in Warsaw, Poland
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34
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Skała E, Synowiec E, Kowalczyk T, Śliwiński T, Sitarek P. Rhaponticum carthamoides Transformed Root Extract Has Potent Anticancer Activity in Human Leukemia and Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8198652. [PMID: 30622675 PMCID: PMC6304841 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8198652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin. is an endemic plant species, which is important in Siberian medicine. It possesses adaptogenic properties and has been used for treatment of overstrain and weakness after illness, physical weakness, and mental weariness. The roots of this species obtained after Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation are rich in caffeoylquinic acid derivatives known as strong antioxidant compounds. The study makes the first evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of transformed root extract (Rc TR extract) in various human cancer cell lines: leukemia cells (K-562 and CCRF-CEM) and lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549). It was found that Rc TR extract inhibited the cell viability of all tested cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and leukemia cell lines were more sensitive to plant extract than A549 lung cancer cell line. Additionally, the Rc TR extract reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and demonstrated genotoxicity against tested cell lines by increasing mitochondrial DNA lesions in ND1 and ND5 genes and causing nuclear DNA damage in TP53 gene. Our results show that Rc TR extract may effectively treat cancer cells by inducing dysfunction of mitochondria. Additionally, the role of mtDNA may be a promising factor in chemotherapy, and it needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Skała
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Genetics, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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35
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Kalainayakan SP, FitzGerald KE, Konduri PC, Vidal C, Zhang L. Essential roles of mitochondrial and heme function in lung cancer bioenergetics and tumorigenesis. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:56. [PMID: 30410721 PMCID: PMC6215344 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrary to Warburg’s hypothesis, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) contributes significantly to fueling cancer cells. Several recent studies have demonstrated that radiotherapy-resistant and chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells depend on OXPHOS for survival and progression. Several cancers exhibit an increased risk in association with heme intake. Mitochondria are widely known to carry out oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, mitochondria are also involved in heme synthesis. Heme serves as a prosthetic group for several proteins that constitute the complexes of mitochondrial electron transport chain. Therefore, heme plays a pivotal role in OXPHOS and oxygen consumption. Further, lung cancer cells exhibit heme accumulation and require heme for proliferation and invasion in vitro. Abnormalities in mitochondrial biogenesis and mutations are implicated in cancer. This review delves into mitochondrial OXPHOS and lesser explored area of heme metabolism in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keely E FitzGerald
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX USA
| | | | - Chantal Vidal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX USA
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36
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Chen J, Zhang L, Yu X, Zhou H, Luo Y, Wang W, Wang L. Clinical application of plasma mitochondrial DNA content in patients with lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:7074-7081. [PMID: 30546441 PMCID: PMC6256833 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been identified in several types of solid tumor. However, to the best of our knowledge, the clinical significance of plasma mtDNA content in lung cancer remains unknown. Thus, the current study explored the diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma mtDNA quantification in patients with lung cancer. Plasma mtDNA copy numbers of patients with lung cancer (n=128) and healthy individuals (n=107) were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Plasma mtDNA copy numbers in patients and healthy controls were 0.89×104 and 1.37×104 copies/µl, respectively (P<0.0001). Furthermore, lower plasma mtDNA content was associated with tumor size, lymph node metastases, distant metastases and serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels (P<0.05), but was not associated with pathological type, age, sex or main driver gene mutation status (P>0.05). Plasma mtDNA facilitated the detection of lung cancer at a threshold of 1.19×104 copies/µl with a sensitivity of 71.1% and specificity of 70.1%, as determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Advanced stage (III and IV) patients with a lower mtDNA copy number (cutoff: 1.02×104 copies/µl) tended to exhibit poorer prognosis (P<0.05). These results indicated that plasma mtDNA content is a promising and complementary candidate with tissue mtDNA for diagnosis and prognostic prediction for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Chen
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lemeng Zhang
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xun Yu
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Hematology Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhong Luo
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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37
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Liu H, Li S, Liu X, Chen Y, Deng H. SIRT3 Overexpression Inhibits Growth of Kidney Tumor Cells and Enhances Mitochondrial Biogenesis. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3143-3152. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siying Li
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua University−Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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38
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Shen M, Kang Y. Complex interplay between tumor microenvironment and cancer therapy. Front Med 2018; 12:426-439. [PMID: 30097962 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of cellular and non-cellular components that exist within and around the tumor mass. The TME is highly dynamic and its importance in different stages of cancer progression has been well recognized. A growing body of evidence suggests that TME also plays pivotal roles in cancer treatment responses. TME is significantly remodeled upon cancer therapies, and such change either enhances the responses or induces drug resistance. Given the importance of TME in tumor progression and therapy resistance, strategies that remodel TME to improve therapeutic responses are under developing. In this review, we provide an overview of the essential components in TME and the remodeling of TME in response to anti-cancer treatments. We also summarize the strategies that aim to enhance therapeutic efficacy by modulating TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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39
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Niu D, Wang R, Zhao Y, Yang R, Hu L. De novo RNA-seq and functional annotation of Ornithonyssus bacoti. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2018; 75:191-208. [PMID: 29855753 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ornithonyssus bacoti (Hirst) (Acari: Macronyssidae) is a vector and reservoir of pathogens causing serious infectious diseases, such as epidemic hemorrhagic fever, endemic typhus, tularemia, and leptospirosis. Its genome and transcriptome data are lacking in public databases. In this study, total RNA was extracted from live O. bacoti to conduct RNA-seq, functional annotation, coding domain sequence (CDS) prediction and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) detection. The results showed that 65.8 million clean reads were generated and assembled into 72,185 unigenes, of which 49.4% were annotated by seven functional databases. 23,121 unigenes were annotated and assigned to 457 species by non-redundant protein sequence database. The BLAST top-two hit species were Metaseiulus occidentalis and Ixodes scapularis. The procedure detected 12,426 SSRs, of which tri- and di-nucleotides were the most abundant types and the representative motifs were AAT/ATT and AC/GT. 26,936 CDS were predicted with a mean length of 711 bp. 87 unigenes of 30 functional genes, which are usually involved in stress responses, drug resistance, movement, metabolism and allergy, were further identified by bioinformatics methods. The unigenes putatively encoding cytochrome P450 proteins were further analyzed phylogenetically. In conclusion, this study completed the RNA-seq and functional annotation of O. bacoti successfully, which provides reliable molecular data for its future studies of gene function and molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- DongLing Niu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - RuiLing Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
- Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Womens and Childrens Hospital, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - YaE Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
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40
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Yu C, Wang X, Huang L, Tong Y, Chen L, Wu H, Xia Q, Kong X. Deciphering the Spectrum of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using High-Throughput Sequencing. Gene Expr 2018; 18:125-134. [PMID: 29463347 PMCID: PMC5954625 DOI: 10.3727/105221618x15185539348147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations has been proposed to contribute to the initiation and progression of tumors. By using high-throughput sequencing strategies, we measured 33 specimens including 11 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, 11 corresponding adjacent tissues, and 11 normal liver tissues. We identified 194 single nucleotide variants (SNVs; including insert and deletion) in 33 liver tissues, and 13 somatic novel mutations were detected, including 7 mutations in the coding region. One of the seven somatic mutations (T7609C, 91.09%) is synonymous, which does not change amino acid coding; the other four somatic mutations (T6115C, 65.74%; G8387A, 12.23%; G13121A, 93.08%; and T14180C, 28.22%) could result in amino acid substitutions, potentially leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, two mutations in tRNA might influence amino acid transportation. Consistent with a previous study, we also found that mtDNA copy number was significantly reduced in HCC tissues. Therefore, we established a mitochondrial genome depletion cell line ρ0 and revealed that mtDNA loss reduced proliferation and migration in HCC cells but promoted their resistance to 5-fluorouracil. Our results suggested that somatic mtDNA mutations may cause mitochondrial dysfunction and affect chemoresistance of HCC cells. These new identified somatic mutations may serve as a reference for future studies of cancer mitochondrial genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yu
- *Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- †School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- ‡Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Huang
- *Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tong
- *Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lili Chen
- *Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- †School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Wu
- §State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xia
- *Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- *Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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41
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Probiotic Lactobacillus casei Zhang (LCZ) alleviates respiratory, gastrointestinal & RBC abnormality via immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory & anti-oxidative actions. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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42
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Lew LC, Choi SB, Khoo BY, Sreenivasan S, Ong KL, Liong MT. Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 Reduces Cholesterol via Phosphorylation of AMPK That Down-regulated the mRNA Expression of HMG-CoA Reductase. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:350-361. [PMID: 29805284 PMCID: PMC5960832 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.38.2.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the primary risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The use of lactobacilli probiotics to reduce blood cholesterol levels have been extensively reported. However, more information is needed to evaluate the possible mechanisms involved and to identify possible targets for further therapeutic development. In this study, strains of lactobacilli were screened based on the ability to assimilate cholesterol, and prevention of cholesterol accumulation in hepatic (HepG2) and intestinal (HT-29) cells. Cell free supernatant (CFS) from Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 showed a higher ability to assimilate cholesterol, reduction in cholesterol accumulation in both HepG2 and HT-29 cells, accompanied by reduced mRNA expression of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) in HepG2 (p<0.05), compared to other lactobacilli. The reduction of HMGCR expression was also diminished in the presence of an AMPK inhibitor (Compound C), suggesting that L. plantarum DR7 exerted its effect via the AMPK pathway, typically via the phosphorylation of AMPK instead of the AMPK mRNA expression in HepG2 (p<0.05). Altogether, our present study illustrated that lactobacilli could exert cholesterol lowering properties along the AMPK pathway, specifically via phosphorylation of AMPK that led to reduced expression of HMGCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Ching Lew
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sy-Bing Choi
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Yin Khoo
- Institute for Research on Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sasidharan Sreenivasan
- Institute for Research on Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kee-Leong Ong
- Clinical Nutrition Intl (M) Sdn Bhd, 43200 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Min-Tze Liong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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Masuike Y, Tanaka K, Makino T, Yamasaki M, Miyazaki Y, Takahashi T, Kurokawa Y, Nakajima K, Mori M, Doki Y. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with low mitochondrial copy number has mesenchymal and stem-like characteristics, and contributes to poor prognosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193159. [PMID: 29447301 PMCID: PMC5814088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers in various human cancers have been studied, but any such changes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are not established. In the present study, we investigated the correlation of mtDNA copy number with clinicopathologic features, prognosis, and malignant potential of ESCC. MtDNA copy numbers of resected specimens from 80 patients treated with radical esophagectomy were measured by quantitative real-time PCR analyses. Human ESCC cells, TE8 and TE11, were cultured, and depletion of mtDNA content was induced by knockdown of mitochondrial transcription factor A expression or treatment with ethidium bromide. The mRNA and protein expression, proliferation, invasion, and cell cycle were investigated. The results showed that the mtDNA copy number of cancerous portions was 56.0 (37.4-234.5) percent that of non-cancerous parts and significantly lower (p<0.01). Low mtDNA copy number in resected cancerous tissues was significantly correlated with pathological depth of tumor invasion (p = 0.045) and pathological stage (p = 0.025). Patients with lower mtDNA copy number had significantly poorer 5-year overall survival compared to patients with higher levels (p<0.01). The mtDNA-depleted TE8 and TE11 cells had morphological changes and proliferated more slowly than control cells under normoxia but proliferated at almost the same rate under hypoxic conditions. In mtDNA-depleted cells, E-cadherin mRNA expression was decreased, and N-cadherin, vimentin, zeb-1, and cd44 mRNA expression was increased. Immunoblotting and flow cytometry analysis also showed downregulated E-cadherin and upregulated N-cadherin and CD44 protein in mtDNA-depleted cells. Moreover, mtDNA-depleted cells had enhanced invasion, migration, and sphere formation abilities, and the cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was induced in these cells. These results suggested that mtDNA-depleted ESCC cells had mesenchymal characteristics, cancer stemness, and tolerance to hypoxia, which played important role in cancer progression. In conclusion, a low copy number of mtDNA is associated with tumor progression in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Masuike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Lee HT, Lin CS, Pan SC, Wu TH, Lee CS, Chang DM, Tsai CY, Wei YH. Alterations of oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates by glutamine in PBMCs of SLE patients. Mitochondrion 2018; 44:65-74. [PMID: 29337141 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated plasma glutamine levels and basal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (mOCRB) and basal extracellular acidification rate (ECARB) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients and healthy controls (HCs). Lower plasma glutamine levels correlated with higher SLE disease activity indexes (p=0.025). Incubated in DMEM containing 100mg/dL glucose, SLE-PBMCs displayed lower mOCRB (p=0.018) but similar ECARB (p=0.467) to those of HC-PBMCs, and their mOCRB got elevated (p<0.001) without altering ECARB (p=0.239) by supplementation with 2 or 4mM glutamine. We conclude that impaired mitochondrial respiration of SLE-PBMCs could be improved by glutamine under euglycemic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sung Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Siao-Cian Pan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hung Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyou-Shen Lee
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Deh-Ming Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan.
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45
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Tumor Microenvironment and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122729. [PMID: 29258182 PMCID: PMC5751330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Intratumoral lactate metabolism in Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22894-22902. [PMID: 28206968 PMCID: PMC5410271 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are cell membrane proteins which transport pyruvate, lactate and ketone bodies across the plasma membrane. MCTs are activated in various cancers, but their expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma is not known. The present study was conducted to elucidate the expression of MCTs in esophageal adenocarcinoma and its precursor lesions. Results Cytoplasmic MCT1, MCT4 and MTCO1 expression linearly increased from normal epithelium to Barrett's mucosa to dysplasia and cancer. Low cytoplasmic MCT1 expression associated with high T-class (P < 0.01), positive lymph node metastases (P < 0.05), positive distant metastases (P < 0.01) and high tumor stage (P < 0.01). High cytoplasmic MCT4 expression correlated significantly with positive distant metastases (P < 0.05). Both low MCT1 and high MCT4 histoscore predicted survival in univariate analysis (P < 0.01). MCT4 histoscore predicted survival in multivariate analysis (P = 0.043; HR 1.8 95%CI 1.0–3.1). MTCO1 expression was not correlated to clinicopathological variables or survival. Materials and Methods MCT1, MCT4 and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (MTCO1) expression were determined with immunohistochemistry in esophageal specimens from 129 patients with columnar dysplasia or adenocarcinoma. Specimens including normal esophagus (n = 88), gastric (n = 67) or intestinal metaplasia (n = 51), low-grade (n = 42), high-grade dysplasia (n = 37) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 99) were evaluated. Conclusions Major increase in markers of tumor metabolism occurs during carcinogenesis and progression of esophageal adenocarcinoma. MCT1 and MCT4 are prognostic factors in esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Morais M, Dias F, Teixeira AL, Medeiros R. MicroRNAs and altered metabolism of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Potential role as aerobic glycolysis biomarkers. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2175-2185. [PMID: 28579513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Warburg Effect is a metabolic switch that occurs in most of cancer cells but its advantages are not fully understood. This switch is known to happen in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is the most common solid cancer of the adult kidney. RCC carcinogenesis is related to pVHL loss and Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) activation, ultimately leading to the activation of several genes related to glycolysis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level and are also deregulated in several cancers, including RCC. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review focuses in the miRNAs that direct target enzymes involved in glycolysis and that are deregulated in several cancers. It also reviews the possible application of miRNAs in the improvement of clinical patients' management. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Several miRNAs that direct target enzymes involved in glycolysis are downregulated in cancer, strongly influencing the Warburg Effect. Due to this strong influence, FDG-PET can possibly benefit from measurement of these miRNAs. Restoring their levels can also bring an improvement to the current therapies. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Despite being known for almost a hundred years, the Warburg Effect is not fully understood. MiRNAs are now known to be intrinsically connected with this effect and present an opportunity to understand it. They also open a new door to improve current diagnosis and prognosis tests as well as to complement current therapies. This is urgent for cancers like RCC, mostly due to the lack of an efficient screening test for early relapse detection and follow-up and the development of resistance to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Morais
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Dias
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal; Research Department, LPCC-Portuguese League, Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana L Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal; Research Department, LPCC-Portuguese League, Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal; Research Department, LPCC-Portuguese League, Against Cancer (NRNorte), Porto, Portugal; CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal; FMUP, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.
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48
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Mitochondrial DNA replication: a PrimPol perspective. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:513-529. [PMID: 28408491 PMCID: PMC5390496 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PrimPol, (primase-polymerase), the most recently identified eukaryotic polymerase, has roles in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA maintenance. PrimPol is capable of acting as a DNA polymerase, with the ability to extend primers and also bypass a variety of oxidative and photolesions. In addition, PrimPol also functions as a primase, catalysing the preferential formation of DNA primers in a zinc finger-dependent manner. Although PrimPol's catalytic activities have been uncovered in vitro, we still know little about how and why it is targeted to the mitochondrion and what its key roles are in the maintenance of this multicopy DNA molecule. Unlike nuclear DNA, the mammalian mitochondrial genome is circular and the organelle has many unique proteins essential for its maintenance, presenting a differing environment within which PrimPol must function. Here, we discuss what is currently known about the mechanisms of DNA replication in the mitochondrion, the proteins that carry out these processes and how PrimPol is likely to be involved in assisting this vital cellular process.
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