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Mao S, Yao J, Zhang T, Zhang X, Tan W, Li C. Bilobalide attenuates lipopolysaccharide‑induced HepG2 cell injury by inhibiting TLR4‑NF‑κB signaling via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:24. [PMID: 38125341 PMCID: PMC10728898 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in the pathological process underlying a number of liver diseases. Bilobalide (BB) is a natural compound from Ginkgo biloba leaves that was recently demonstrated to exert hepatoprotective effects by inhibiting oxidative stress in the liver cancer cell line HepG2. The anti-inflammatory activity of BB has been reported in recent studies. The major objective of the present study was to investigate whether BB could attenuate inflammation-associated cell damage. HepG2 cells were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and BB, and cell damage was evaluated by measuring cell viability using MTT assay. The activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway was assessed by measuring the levels of IκBα, NF-κB p65, phosphorylated (p)-IκBα, p-p65, p65 DNA-binding activity and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. A toll-like receptor (TLR)4 inhibitor (CLI-095) was used to detect the involvement of TLR4 in cell injury caused by LPS. In addition, the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 was applied to explore the involvement of the PI3K/Akt axis in mediating the effects of BB. The results demonstrated that LPS induced HepG2 cell injury. LPS also elevated the levels of p-IκBα, p-p65, p65 DNA-binding activity and inflammatory cytokines. However, CLI-095 significantly attenuated the LPS-induced cell damage and inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling. BB also dose-dependently attenuated the LPS-induced cell damage, activation of NF-κB signaling and TLR4 overexpression. Furthermore, it was observed that LY294002 diminished the cytoprotective effects of BB on cell injury, TLR4 expression and NF-κB activation. These findings indicated that BB could attenuate LPS-induced inflammatory injury to HepG2 cells by regulating TLR4-NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Jinpeng Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Kaifaqu Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264006, P.R. China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Chengde Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology in Universities of Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
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2
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Aghajanzadeh T, Talkhabi M, Zali MR, Hatami B, Baghaei K. Diagnostic potential and pathogenic performance of circulating miR-146b, miR-194, and miR-214 in liver fibrosis. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:471-480. [PMID: 37434946 PMCID: PMC10331815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Due to the lack of an accurate test for an early diagnosis of liver fibrosis and the invasiveness of the liver biopsy procedure, there is an urgent need for effective non-invasive biomarkers for screening the patients. we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of circulating miRNAs (miR-146b, -194, -214) and their related mechanisms in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. The expression levels of miR-146b, -194, and -214 were quantified in whole blood samples from NAFLD patients using real-time PCR. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed and a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed for HSC activation-related genes. Also, the transcription factor (TF)-miR co-regulatory network and the survival plot for three miRNAs and core genes were illustrated. The qPCR results showed that the relative expression of miR-146b and miR-214 significantly increased in NAFLD patients, while miR-194 showed significant down-regulation. The ceRNA network analysis implicated NEAT1 and XIST as sponge candidates for these miRNAs. The GSEA results identified 15 core genes involved in HSC activation, primarily enriched in NF-κB activation and autophagy pathways. STAT3, TCF3, RELA, and RUNX1 were considered potential transcription factors connected to miRNAs in the TF-miR network. Our study elucidated three candidate circulating miRNAs differentially expressed in NAFLD that could serve as a promising non-invasive diagnostic tool for early detection strategies. Also, NF-κB activation, autophagy, and negative regulation of the apoptotic process are the main potential underlying mechanisms regulated by these miRNAs in liver fibrosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Aghajanzadeh
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Talkhabi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Liu S, Jia M, Dai R. Deciphering the tumour immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13327. [PMID: 38441331 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Current treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are less effective and prone to recurrence after surgery, so it's needed to seek new ideas for its therapy. Tumour immune microenvironment (TME) is crucial for the pathogenesis, development and metastasis of HCC. Interactions between immune cells and tumour cells significantly impact responses to immunotherapies and patient prognosis. In recent years, immunotherapies for HCC have shown promising potential, but the response rate is still unsatisfactory. Understanding their cross-talks is helpful for selecting potential therapeutic targets, predicting immunotherapy responses, determining immunotherapy efficacy, identifying prognostic markers and selecting individualized treatment options. In this paper, we reviewed the research advances on the roles of immune cells and multi-omic research associated with HCC pathogenesis and therapy, and future perspectives on TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Pain, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Man Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rongyang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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4
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Siapoush S, Rezaei R, Alavifard H, Hatami B, Zali MR, Vosough M, Lorzadeh S, Łos MJ, Baghaei K, Ghavami S. Therapeutic implications of targeting autophagy and TGF-β crosstalk for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Life Sci 2023; 329:121894. [PMID: 37380126 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by the excessive deposition and accumulation of extracellular matrix components, mainly collagens, and occurs in response to a broad spectrum of triggers with different etiologies. Under stress conditions, autophagy serves as a highly conserved homeostatic system for cell survival and is importantly involved in various biological processes. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has emerged as a central cytokine in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and is the main mediator of liver fibrosis. A growing body of evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that TGF-β1 regulates autophagy, a process that affects various essential (patho)physiological aspects related to liver fibrosis. This review comprehensively highlights recent advances in our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of autophagy, its regulation by TGF-β, and the implication of autophagy in the pathogenesis of progressive liver disorders. Moreover, we evaluated crosstalk between autophagy and TGF-β1 signalling and discussed whether simultaneous inhibition of these pathways could represent a novel approach to improve the efficacy of anti-fibrotic therapy in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Siapoush
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramazan Rezaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helia Alavifard
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research center, Research institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research center, Research institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marek J Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 8 Krzywousty St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; LinkoCare Life Sciences AB, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research center, Research institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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5
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Gilyazova I, Asadullina D, Kagirova E, Sikka R, Mustafin A, Ivanova E, Bakhtiyarova K, Gilyazova G, Gupta S, Khusnutdinova E, Gupta H, Pavlov V. MiRNA-146a-A Key Player in Immunity and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12767. [PMID: 37628949 PMCID: PMC10454149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNA-146a, a single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecule, has emerged as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for numerous pathological conditions. Its primary function lies in regulating inflammatory processes, haemopoiesis, allergic responses, and other key aspects of the innate immune system. Several studies have indicated that polymorphisms in miRNA-146a can influence the pathogenesis of various human diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancer. One of the key mechanisms by which miRNA-146a exerts its effects is by controlling the expression of certain proteins involved in critical pathways. It can modulate the activity of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase, IRAK1, IRAK2 adaptor proteins, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) targeting protein receptor 6, which is a regulator of the TNF signalling pathway. In addition, miRNA-146a affects gene expression through multiple signalling pathways, such as TNF, NF-κB and MEK-1/2, and JNK-1/2. Studies have been carried out to determine the effect of miRNA-146a on cancer pathogenesis, revealing its involvement in the synthesis of stem cells, which contributes to tumourigenesis. In this review, we focus on recent discoveries that highlight the significant role played by miRNA-146a in regulating various defence mechanisms and oncogenesis. The aim of this review article is to systematically examine miRNA-146a's impact on the control of signalling pathways involved in oncopathology, immune system development, and the corresponding response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Gilyazova
- Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia (E.K.)
| | - Dilara Asadullina
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Evelina Kagirova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Ruhi Sikka
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Artur Mustafin
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Elizaveta Ivanova
- Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia (E.K.)
| | - Ksenia Bakhtiyarova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Gulshat Gilyazova
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, 450054 Ufa, Russia (E.K.)
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Himanshu Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Institute of Urology and Clinical Oncology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia (A.M.); (G.G.)
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Han R, Gao J, Wang L, Hao P, Chen X, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Jiang L, Wang T, Zhu L, Li X. MicroRNA-146a negatively regulates inflammation via the IRAK1/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway in dry eye. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11192. [PMID: 37433841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease (DED). We aimed to investigate the role of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) in regulating corneal inflammation in a mouse model of benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced dry eye and the TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling pathway in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). A mouse model of dry eye was established by administering with BAC to BALB/c mice, and the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in the corneas of dry eye model mice was significantly increased; this was accompanied by the upregulation of miR-146a and activation of the NF-κB pathway. In vitro, TNF-α induced miR-146a expression in HCECs, while the NF-κB inhibitor SC-514 reduced the expression of miR-146a. Overexpression of miR-146a decreased the expression of IRAK1 and TRAF6, which have been identified as targets of miR-146a. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-146a suppressed NF-κB p65 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Moreover, overexpression of miR-146a attenuated the TNF-α-induced expression of IL-6, IL-8, COX2 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), while inhibition of miR-146a exerted the opposite effect. Our results suggest that miR-146a mediates the inflammatory response in DED. MiR-146a negatively regulates inflammation in HCECs through the IRAK1/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway, and this may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Han
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Peng Hao
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhixin Jiang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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7
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Manilla V, Di Tommaso N, Santopaolo F, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Endotoxemia and Gastrointestinal Cancers: Insight into the Mechanisms Underlying a Dangerous Relationship. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020267. [PMID: 36838231 PMCID: PMC9963870 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, is a component of the membrane of gram-negative bacteria and a well-recognized marker of sepsis. In case of disruption of the intestinal barrier, as occurs with unhealthy diets, alcohol consumption, or during chronic diseases, the microbiota residing in the gastrointestinal tract becomes a crucial factor in amplifying the systemic inflammatory response. Indeed, the translocation of LPS into the bloodstream and its interaction with toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers molecular pathways involved in cytokine release and immune dysregulation. This is a critical step in the exacerbation of many diseases, including metabolic disorders and cancer. Indeed, the role of LPS in cancer development is widely recognized, and examples include gastric tumor related to Helicobacter pylori infection and hepatocellular carcinoma, both of which are preceded by a prolonged inflammatory injury; in addition, the risk of recurrence and development of metastasis appears to be associated with endotoxemia. Here, we review the mechanisms that link the promotion and progression of tumorigenesis with endotoxemia, and the possible therapeutic interventions that can be deployed to counteract these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Manilla
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia Di Tommaso
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Translational Medicine and Surgery Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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8
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Dong H, Zhao L, Sun H, Shang M, Lv G, Yu X, Hu B, Huang Y. Coinfection of Clonorchis sinensis and hepatitis B virus: clinical liver indices and interaction in hepatic cell models. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:460. [PMID: 36510325 PMCID: PMC9746095 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, people infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) are commonly found in areas with a high prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis, a trematode worm. Published studies have reported that the progression of hepatitis B is affected by coinfection C. sinensis. METHODS Clinical data from a total of 72 patients with C. sinensis and HBV (as sole infection or with coinfections) and 29 healthy individuals were analysed. We also incubated the hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 with total proteins from C. sinensis adult worms (CsTPs) and HBV-positive sera. In addition, the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2.2.15 was treated with the antiviral drug entecavir (ETV), CsTPs and the anti-C. sinensis drug praziquantel (PZQ). RESULTS Our clinical data indicated that the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were significantly higher in patients with coinfection than in those infected with HBV only. In cell models, compared with the model in which LX-2 cells were incubated with HBV-positive sera (HBV group), transcripts of alpha-smooth muscle actin and types I and III collagen were significantly elevated in the models of LX-2 cells treated with CsTPs and HBV-positive sera (CsTP+HBV group), while the messenger RNA levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the CsTP+HBV group were clearly lower. The HBV surface antigen and hepatitis B e-antigen levels were higher in the HepG2.2.15 cells treated with ETV and CsTPs than in those in the ETV group and in the cells administered a mixture of ETV, CsTPs and PZQ. CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed that C. sinensis and HBV coinfection could aggravate the progression of liver fibrosis. CsTPs might promote chronic inflammation of the liver in individuals with HBV infection, resulting in the development of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Dong
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.488525.6Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengchang Sun
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Shang
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Lv
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinbing Yu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Hu
- grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XKey Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China ,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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9
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Davuluri KS, Chauhan DS. microRNAs associated with the pathogenesis and their role in regulating various signaling pathways during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1009901. [PMID: 36389170 PMCID: PMC9647626 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1009901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite more than a decade of active study, tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious health concern across the world, and it is still the biggest cause of mortality in the human population. Pathogenic bacteria recognize host-induced responses and adapt to those hostile circumstances. This high level of adaptability necessitates a strong regulation of bacterial metabolic characteristics. Furthermore, the immune reponse of the host virulence factors such as host invasion, colonization, and survival must be properly coordinated by the pathogen. This can only be accomplished by close synchronization of gene expression. Understanding the molecular characteristics of mycobacterial pathogenesis in order to discover therapies that prevent or resolve illness relies on the bacterial capacity to adjust its metabolism and replication in response to various environmental cues as necessary. An extensive literature details the transcriptional alterations of host in response to in vitro environmental stressors, macrophage infection, and human illness. Various studies have recently revealed the finding of several microRNAs (miRNAs) that are believed to play an important role in the regulatory networks responsible for adaptability and virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We highlighted the growing data on the existence and quantity of several forms of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis, considered their possible relevance to disease etiology, and discussed how the miRNA-based signaling pathways regulate bacterial virulence factors.
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10
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Ariyachet C, Chuaypen N, Kaewsapsak P, Chantaravisoot N, Jindatip D, Potikanond S, Tangkijvanich P. MicroRNA-223 Suppresses Human Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation Partly via Regulating the Actin Cytoskeleton and Alleviates Fibrosis in Organoid Models of Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169380. [PMID: 36012644 PMCID: PMC9409493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate target mRNA expression, and altered expression of miRNAs is associated with liver pathological conditions. Recent studies in animal models have shown neutrophil/myeloid-specific microRNA-223 (miR-223) as a key regulator in the development of various liver diseases including fibrosis, where hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the key player in pathogenesis. However, the precise roles of miR-223 in human HSCs and its therapeutic potential to control fibrosis remain largely unexplored. Using primary human HSCs, we demonstrated that miR-223 suppressed the fibrogenic program and cellular proliferation while promoting features of quiescent HSCs including lipid re-accumulation and retinol storage. Furthermore, induction of miR-223 in HSCs decreased cellular motility and contraction. Mechanistically, miR-223 negatively regulated expression of smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) and thus reduced cytoskeletal activity, which is known to promote amplification of fibrogenic signals. Restoration of α-SMA in miR-223-overexpressing HSCs alleviated the antifibrotic effects of miR-223. Finally, to explore the therapeutic potential of miR-233 in liver fibrosis, we generated co-cultured organoids of HSCs with Huh7 hepatoma cells and challenged them with acetaminophen (APAP) or palmitic acid (PA) to induce hepatotoxicity. We showed that ectopic expression of miR-223 in HSCs attenuated fibrogenesis in the two human organoid models of liver injury, suggesting its potential application in antifibrotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiyaboot Ariyachet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: or (C.A.); (P.T.)
| | - Nattaya Chuaypen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Kaewsapsak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Naphat Chantaravisoot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Depicha Jindatip
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: or (C.A.); (P.T.)
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11
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Poe AJ, Shah R, Khare D, Kulkarni M, Phan H, Ghiam S, Punj V, Ljubimov AV, Saghizadeh M. Regulatory role of miR-146a in corneal epithelial wound healing via its inflammatory targets in human diabetic cornea. Ocul Surf 2022; 25:92-100. [PMID: 35690236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MiR-146a upregulated in limbus vs. central cornea and in diabetic vs. non-diabetic limbus has emerged as an important immune and inflammatory signaling mediator in corneal epithelial wound healing. Our aim was to investigate the potential inflammation-related miR-146a target genes and their roles in normal and impaired diabetic corneal epithelial wound healing. METHODS Our previous data from RNA-seq combined with quantitative proteomics of limbal epithelial cells (LECs) transfected with miR-146a mimic vs. mimic control were analyzed. Western blot and immunostaining were used to confirm the expression of miR-146a inflammatory target proteins in LECs and organ-cultured corneas. Luminex assay was performed on conditioned media at 6- and 20-h post-wounding in miR-146a mimic/inhibitor transfected normal and diabetic cultured LECs. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-146a decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory TRAF6 and IRAK1 and downstream target NF-κB after challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or wounding. Additionally, miR-146a overexpression suppressed the production of downstream inflammatory mediators including secreted cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, and chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL5. These cytokines and chemokines were upregulated in normal but not in diabetic LEC during wounding. Furthermore, we achieved normalized levels of altered secreted cytokines and chemokines in diabetic wounded LEC via specific inhibition of miR-146a. CONCLUSION Our study documented significant impact of miR-146a on the expression of inflammatory mediators at the mRNA and protein levels during acute inflammatory responses and wound healing, providing insights into the regulatory role of miR-146a in corneal epithelial homeostasis in normal and diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Poe
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Drirh Khare
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mangesh Kulkarni
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hong Phan
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sean Ghiam
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vasu Punj
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander V Ljubimov
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh
- Eye Program, Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Ge C, Tan J, Lou D, Zhu L, Zhong Z, Dai X, Sun Y, Kuang Q, Zhao J, Wang L, Liu J, Wang B, Xu M. Mulberrin confers protection against hepatic fibrosis by Trim31/Nrf2 signaling. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102274. [PMID: 35240537 PMCID: PMC8891817 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberrin (Mul) is a key component of the traditional Chinese medicine Romulus Mori with various biological functions. However, the effects of Mul on liver fibrosis have not been addressed, and thus were investigated in our present study, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Here, we found that Mul administration significantly ameliorated carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury and dysfunction in mice. Furthermore, CCl4-triggerd collagen deposition and liver fibrosis were remarkably attenuated in mice with Mul supplementation through suppressing transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. Additionally, Mul treatments strongly restrained the hepatic inflammation in CCl4-challenged mice via blocking nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. Importantly, we found that Mul markedly increased liver TRIM31 expression in CCl4-treated mice, accompanied with the inactivation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. CCl4-triggered hepatic oxidative stress was also efficiently mitigated by Mul consumption via improving nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Our in vitro studies confirmed that Mul reduced the activation of human and mouse primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) stimulated by TGF-β1. Consistently, Mul remarkably retarded the inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation both in human and murine hepatocytes. More importantly, by using hepatocyte-specific TRIM31 knockout mice (TRIM31Hep-cKO) and mouse primary hepatocytes with Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2KO), we identified that the anti-fibrotic and hepatic protective effects of Mul were TRIM31/Nrf2 signaling-dependent, relieving HSCs activation and liver fibrosis. Therefore, Mul-ameliorated hepatocyte injury contributed to the suppression of HSCs activation by improving TRIM31/Nrf2 axis, thus providing a novel therapeutic strategy for hepatic fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Ge
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China.
| | - Deshuai Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Zixuan Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Xianling Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Qin Kuang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Longyan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Jin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China.
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, PR China; Research Center of Brain Intellectual Promotion and Development for Children Aged 0-6 Years, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, PR China.
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13
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Association of Polymorphisms in miR146a, an Inflammation-Associated MicroRNA, with the Risk of Idiopathic Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriage: A Case-Control Study. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1495082. [PMID: 35535334 PMCID: PMC9078850 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1495082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
It has been established that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of immune responses and serve as biomarkers of inflammatory diseases as well as recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM). Herein, we aimed to study the relationship between three functional miR146a gene polymorphisms with idiopathic RSM (IRSM) susceptibility. We recruited 161 patients with IRSM and 177 healthy women with at least one live birth and without a history of abortion. Genotyping was performed using RFLP-PCR and ARMS-PCR methods. We found that the rs6864584 T/C decreased the risk of IRSM under dominant TT+TC vs. CC (OR = 0.029) and allelic C vs. T (OR = 0.028) contrast models. Regarding rs2961920 A/C and rs57095329 A/G polymorphisms, the enhanced risk of IRSM was observed under different genetic contrasted models, including the codominant CC vs. AA (OR = 2.81 for rs2961920) and codominant GG vs. AA (OR = 2.36 for rs57095329). After applying a Bonferroni correction, haplotype analysis revealed a 51% decreased risk of IRSM regarding the ACA genotype combination. This is the first study reporting that miR146a rs57095329 A/G, rs2961920A/C, and rs6864584 T/C polymorphisms are associated with the risk of IRSM in a southern Iranian population. Performing replicated case-control studies on other ethnicities is warranted to outline the precise effects of the studied variants on the risk of gestational trophoblastic disorders.
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14
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The Role of microRNAs in the Mammary Gland Development, Health, and Function of Cattle, Goats, and Sheep. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7040078. [PMID: 34940759 PMCID: PMC8708473 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is an integral and therefore complex structural element of mammalian nutrition. Therefore, it is simple to conclude that lactation, the process of producing milk, is as complex as the mammary gland, the organ responsible for this biochemical activity. Nutrition, genetics, epigenetics, disease pathogens, climatic conditions, and other environmental variables all impact breast productivity. In the last decade, the number of studies devoted to epigenetics has increased dramatically. Reports are increasingly describing the direct participation of microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, in the regulation of mammary gland development and function. This paper presents a summary of the current state of knowledge about the roles of miRNAs in mammary gland development, health, and functions, particularly during lactation. The significance of miRNAs in signaling pathways, cellular proliferation, and the lipid metabolism in agricultural ruminants, which are crucial in light of their role in the nutrition of humans as consumers of dairy products, is discussed.
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15
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Chiabotto G, Ceccotti E, Tapparo M, Camussi G, Bruno S. Human Liver Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Target Hepatic Stellate Cells and Attenuate Their Pro-fibrotic Phenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:777462. [PMID: 34796180 PMCID: PMC8593217 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.777462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis occurs in response to chronic liver injury and is characterized by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Activated hepatic stellate cells are primarily responsible for this process. A possible strategy to counteract the development of hepatic fibrosis could be the reversion of the activated phenotype of hepatic stellate cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized membrane vesicles involved in intercellular communication. Our previous studies have demonstrated that EVs derived from human liver stem cells (HLSCs), a multipotent population of adult stem cells of the liver with mesenchymal-like phenotype, exert in vivo anti-fibrotic activity in the liver. However, the mechanism of action of these EVs remains to be determined. We set up an in vitro model of hepatic fibrosis using a human hepatic stellate cell line (LX-2) activated by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). Then, we investigated the effect of EVs obtained from HLSCs and from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) on activated LX-2. The incubation of activated LX-2 with HLSC-EVs reduced the expression level of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Conversely, MSC-derived EVs induced an increase in the expression of pro-fibrotic markers in activated LX-2. The analysis of the RNA cargo of HLSC-EVs revealed the presence of several miRNAs involved in the regulation of fibrosis and inflammation. Predictive target analysis indicated that several microRNAs (miRNAs) contained into HLSC-EVs could possibly target pro-fibrotic transcripts. In particular, we demonstrated that HLSC-EVs shuttled miR-146a-5p and that treatment with HLSC-EVs increased miR-146a-5p expression in LX-2. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that HLSC-EVs can attenuate the activated phenotype of hepatic stellate cells and that their biological effect may be mediated by the delivery of anti-fibrotic miRNAs, such as miR-146a-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chiabotto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Ceccotti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Tapparo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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16
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Hou J, Deng Q, Deng X, Zhong W, Liu S, Zhong Z. MicroRNA-146a-5p alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced NLRP3 inflammasome injury and pro-inflammatory cytokine production via the regulation of TRAF6 and IRAK1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1433. [PMID: 34733985 PMCID: PMC8506750 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have an evident role in regulating endothelial inflammation and dysfunction, which characterizes the early stages of atherosclerosis. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been reported to contribute to the endothelial inflammatory response that promotes atherosclerosis development and progression. This study sought to investigate the effects of miR-146a-5p on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome injury and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods HUVECs were transfected with a miR-146a-5p mimic, small-interfering RNA (siRNA) (si-TRAF6, and si-IRAK1), and were then stimulated with LPS for 24 h. The messenger (mRNA) and the protein levels of p-NF-κB/NF-κB, NLRP3, Caspase-1, pro-inflammatory cytokine [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)] in the HUVECs were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) and western blot assays, respectively. The secretion of IL-6 from the cells was detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Bioinformatic and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to identify the targets of miR-146a-5p. Results LPS promoted pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in a dose-dependent manner and significantly increased the expression levels of p-NF-κB/NF-κB p65, NLRP3, and Caspase-1. After transfection with a miR-146a-5p mimic, or si-TRAF6 or si-IRAK1, we observed that the mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB/p-NF-κB, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokine in the HUVECs were all down-regulated, and the secretion of IL-6 from cells declined significantly. After transfection with a miR-146-5p mimic, the expression of TRAF6 and IRAK1 in HUVECs were both down-regulated. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-146-5p directly targets the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of TRAF6 and IRAK1 to regulate their expression. Conclusions As a modulator of TRAF6 and IRAK1, miR-146a-5p negatively regulated LPS-induced NF-κB activation and the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in HUVECs. Thus, miRNA-146a-5p may serve as a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Hou
- Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China
| | - Qiaoting Deng
- Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Clinical Molecular Diagnosis and Antibody Drugs, Meizhou, China
| | - Xunwei Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Clinical Molecular Diagnosis and Antibody Drugs, Meizhou, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
| | - Sudong Liu
- Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhong
- Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, China
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Sargazi S, Mollashahi B, Sargazi S, Heidari Nia M, Saravani R, Mirinejad S, Alidadi A. Prevalence of miR146a Gene Polymorphisms in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-021-01229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Zheng W, Sun L, Yang L, Xu T. The circular RNA circBCL2L1 regulates innate immune responses via microRNA-mediated downregulation of TRAF6 in teleost fish. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101199. [PMID: 34536420 PMCID: PMC8487061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing numbers of studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can function as regulatory factors to regulate the innate immune response, cell proliferation, cell migration, and other important processes in mammals. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of circRNAs in lower vertebrates are still unclear. Here, we discovered a novel circRNA derived from the gene encoding Bcl-2-like protein 1 (BCL2L1) gene, named circBCL2L1, which was related to the innate immune responses in teleost fish. Results indicated that circBCL2L1 played essential roles in host antiviral immunity and antibacterial immunity. Our study also identified a microRNA, miR-30c-3-3p, which could inhibit the innate immune response by targeting inflammatory mediator TRAF6. And TRAF6 is a key signal transduction factor in innate immune response mediated by TLRs. Moreover, we also found that the antiviral and antibacterial effects inhibited by miR-30c-3-3p could be reversed with the expression of circBCL2L1. Our data revealed that circBCL2L1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of TRAF6 by competing for binding with miR-30c-3-3p, leading to activation of the NF-κB/IRF3 inflammatory pathway and then enhancing the innate immune responses. Our results suggest that circRNAs can play an important role in the innate immune response of teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zheng
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingping Sun
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyuan Yang
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Evaluation of E. coli Nissle1917 derived metabolites in modulating key mediator genes of the TLR signaling pathway. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:156. [PMID: 33902702 PMCID: PMC8077910 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Gut-microbiota plays key roles in many aspects like the health and illness of humans. It's well proved that modification of gut microbiota by probiotics is useful for improving inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) conditions. According to recent studies, different types of bacterial metabolites can affect immune cells and inflammation conditions. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of metabolites of E. coli Nissle1917. Results The cell-free supernatant could modulate TNF-α production and affected many crucial mediators in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. Also, supernatant showed significant dose-dependent properties in this regard. In this study, the TLR signaling pathway was found among probable mechanisms by which probiotics can affect inflammatory situations. These findings provide additional evidence on the use of probiotic metabolites for inhibiting and down-regulating numerous key mediator factors in the TLR signaling pathway. Aberrant or dysfunctional TLR signaling contributes to the development of acute and chronic intestinal inflammatory pathways in IBD. Therefore, finding a component that can affect this process might be considered for therapeutic targets in IBD patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05568-x.
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20
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Østbye TK, Woldemariam NT, Lundberg CE, Berge GM, Ruyter B, Andreassen R. Modulation of hepatic miRNA expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by family background and dietary fatty acid composition. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1172-1185. [PMID: 33332611 PMCID: PMC8048513 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study finds significant differences in hepatic fatty acid composition between four groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) consisting of offspring from families selected for high and low capacities to express the delta 6 desaturase isomer b and fed diets with 10% or 75% fish oil. The results demonstrated that hepatic lipid metabolism was affected by experimental conditions (diet/family). The fatty acid composition in the four groups mirrored the differences in dietary composition, but it was also associated with the family groups. Small RNA sequencing followed by RT-qPCR identified 12 differentially expressed microRNAs (DE miRNAs), with expression associated with family groups (miR-146 family members, miR-200b, miR-214, miR-221, miR-125, miR-135, miR-137, miR_nov_1), diets (miR-203, miR-462) or both conditions. All the conserved DE miRNAs have been reported as associated with lipid metabolism in other vertebrates. In silico predictions revealed 37 lipid metabolism pathway genes, including desaturases, transcription factors and key enzymes in the synthesis pathways as putative targets (e.g., srebp-1 and 2, Δ6fad_b and c, hmdh, elovl4 and 5b, cdc42). RT-qPCR analysis of selected target genes showed expression changes that were associated with diet and with family groups (d5fad, d6fad_a, srebp-1). There was a reciprocal difference in the abundance of ssa-miR-203a-3p and srebp-1 in one group comparison, whereas other predicted targets did not reveal any evidence of being negatively regulated by degradation. More experimental studies are needed to validate and fully understand the predicted interactions and how the DE miRNAs may participate in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tone‐Kari K. Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research)ÅsNorway
| | - Nardos T. Woldemariam
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health SciencesOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Camilla E. Lundberg
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health SciencesOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Gerd M. Berge
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research)ÅsNorway
| | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Research)ÅsNorway
| | - Rune Andreassen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health SciencesOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
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21
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Riaz F, Chen Q, Lu K, Osoro EK, Wu L, Feng L, Zhao R, Yang L, Zhou Y, He Y, Zhu L, Du X, Sadiq M, Yang X, Li D. Inhibition of miR-188-5p alleviates hepatic fibrosis by significantly reducing the activation and proliferation of HSCs through PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4073-4087. [PMID: 33689215 PMCID: PMC8051718 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent hepatic damage and chronic inflammation in liver activate the quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and cause hepatic fibrosis (HF). Several microRNAs regulate the activation and proliferation of HSCs, thereby playing a critical role in HF progression. Previous studies have reported that miR‐188‐5p is dysregulated during the process of HF. However, the role of miR‐188‐5p in HF remains unclear. This study investigated the potential role of miR‐188‐5p in HSCs and HF. Firstly, we validated the miR‐188‐5p expression in primary cells isolated from liver of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced mice, TGF‐β1‐induced LX‐2 cells, livers from 6‐month high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced rat and 4‐month HFD‐induced mice NASH models, and human non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Furthermore, we used miR‐188‐5p inhibitors to investigate the therapeutic effects of miR‐188‐5p inhibition in the HFD + CCl4 induced in vivo model and the potential role of miR‐188‐5p in the activation and proliferation of HSCs. This present study reported that miR‐188‐5p expression is significantly increased in the human NAFLD, HSCs isolated from liver of CCl4 induced mice, and in vitro and in vivo models of HF. Mimicking the miR‐188‐5p resulted in the up‐regulation of HSC activation and proliferation by directly targeting the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Moreover, inhibition of miR‐188‐5p reduced the activation and proliferation markers of HSCs through PTEN/AKT pathway. Additionally, in vivo inhibition of miR‐188‐5p suppressed the HF parameters, pro‐fibrotic and pro‐inflammatory genes, and fibrosis. Collectively, our results uncover the pro‐fibrotic role of miR‐188‐5p. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR‐188‐5p inhibition decreases the severity of HF by reducing the activation and proliferation of HSCs through PTEN/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Riaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaikai Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ezra Kombo Osoro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Litao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lina Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Luyun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yimeng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingli He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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22
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Howard S, Richardson S, Benyeogor I, Omosun Y, Dye K, Medhavi F, Lundy S, Adebayo O, Igietseme JU, Eko FO. Differential miRNA Profiles Correlate With Disparate Immunity Outcomes Associated With Vaccine Immunization and Chlamydial Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625318. [PMID: 33692799 PMCID: PMC7937703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immune responses following immunization with promising Chlamydia vaccines protected experimental animals from Chlamydia-induced upper genital tract pathologies and infertility. In contrast, primary genital infection with live Chlamydia does not protect against these pathologies. We hypothesized that differential miRNA profiles induced in the upper genital tracts (UGT) of mice correlate with the disparate immunity vs. pathologic outcomes associated with vaccine immunization and chlamydial infection. Thus, miRNA expression profiles in the UGT of mice after Chlamydia infection (Live EB) and immunization with dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine (DC vaccine) or VCG-based vaccine (VCG vaccine) were compared using the NanoString nCounter Mouse miRNA assay. Of the 602 miRNAs differentially expressed (DE) in the UGT of immunized and infected mice, we selected 58 with counts >100 and p-values < 0.05 for further analysis. Interestingly, vaccine immunization and Chlamydia infection induced the expression of distinct miRNA profiles with a higher proportion in vaccine-immunized compared to Chlamydia infected mice; DC vaccine (41), VCG vaccine (23), and Live EB (15). Hierarchical clustering analysis showed notable differences in the uniquely DE miRNAs for each experimental group, with DC vaccine showing the highest number (21 up-regulated, five down-regulated), VCG vaccine (two up-regulated, five down-regulated), and live EB (two up-regulated, four down-regulated). The DC vaccine-immunized group showed the highest number (21 up-regulated and five down-regulated compared to two up-regulated and four down-regulated in the live Chlamydia infected group). Pathway analysis showed that the DE miRNAs target genes that regulate several biological processes and functions associated with immune response and inflammation. These results suggest that the induction of differential miRNA expression plays a significant role in the disparate immunity outcomes associated with Chlamydia infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Howard
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shakyra Richardson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ifeyinwa Benyeogor
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yusuf Omosun
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kamran Dye
- Department of Chemistry, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Fnu Medhavi
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Stephanie Lundy
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Olayinka Adebayo
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joseph U. Igietseme
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Francis O. Eko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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23
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Extracellular vesicles as mediators and markers of acute organ injury: current concepts. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2021; 48:1525-1544. [PMID: 33533957 PMCID: PMC7856451 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-021-01607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the continued high incidence and mortality rate worldwide, there is a need to develop new strategies for the quick, precise, and valuable recognition of presenting injury pattern in traumatized and poly-traumatized patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to facilitate intercellular communication processes between cells in close proximity as well as distant cells in healthy and disease organisms. miRNAs and proteins transferred by EVs play biological roles in maintaining normal organ structure and function under physiological conditions. In pathological conditions, EVs change the miRNAs and protein cargo composition, mediating or suppressing the injury consequences. Therefore, incorporating EVs with their unique protein and miRNAs signature into the list of promising new biomarkers is a logical next step. In this review, we discuss the general characteristics and technical aspects of EVs isolation and characterization. We discuss results of recent in vitro, in vivo, and patients study describing the role of EVs in different inflammatory diseases and traumatic organ injuries. miRNAs and protein signature of EVs found in patients with acute organ injury are also debated.
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24
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Mu T, Tong N, Cheng P. Hepatic stellate cells specific liposomes with the Toll-like receptor 4 shRNA attenuates liver fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1299-1313. [PMID: 33336563 PMCID: PMC7812270 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a significant role in the onset of liver fibrosis, which can be treated by the inhibition and reversal of HSC activation. The RNA interference-mediated TLR4 gene silencing might be a potential therapeutic approach for liver fibrosis. The crucial challenge in this method is the absence of an efficient delivery system for the RNAi introduction in the target cells. HSCs have an enhanced capacity of vitamin A intake as they contain retinoic acid receptors (RARs). In the current study, we developed cationic liposomes modified with vitamin A to improve the specificity of delivery vehicles for HSCs. The outcome of this study revealed that the VitA-coupled cationic liposomes delivered the TLR4 shRNA to aHSCs more efficiently, as compared to the uncoupled cationic liposomes, both in the in vitro and in vivo conditions. Besides, as evident from the outcome of this study, the TLR4 gene silencing inhibited the HSCs activation and attenuated the liver fibrosis via the NF-κB transcriptional inactivation, pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis. Thus, the VitA-coupled liposomes encapsulated with the TLR4-shRNA might prove as an efficient therapeutic agent for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Tong Mu
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Ping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduChina
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25
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Lei Y, Yang T, Shan A, Di W, Dai M, Nan J, Liu D, Cao Y, Jiang X. Altered Inflammatory Pathway but Unaffected Liver Fibrosis in Mouse Models of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Involving Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 1 Knockout. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e926187. [PMID: 33203828 PMCID: PMC7682117 DOI: 10.12659/msm.926187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAKs) are crucial mediators in the signaling pathways of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)/IL1Rs. Targeting the IRAK4/IRAK1/TRAF6 axis and its associated pathway has therapeutic benefits in liver fibrosis. However, the function of IRAK1 itself in the development of liver fibrosis remains unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS Irak1 global knockout (KO) mice were generated to study the functional role of Irak1 in liver fibrosis. Male Irak1 knockout and control mice were challenged with chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or fed a methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD) to generate models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Liver inflammation and collagen deposition were assessed by histological examination, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and western blotting of hepatic tissues. RESULTS The mRNA expression of the downstream inflammatory gene Il1b was significantly lower in Irak1-KO than in control mice. Irak1 ablation had little effect on inflammatory cell infiltration into livers of mice with NASH. Collagen deposition and the expression of genes related to fibrogenesis were similar in the livers of Irak1-KO and control mice exposed to CCl4 and MCDD. The loss of Irak1 did not affect lipid or glucose metabolism in these experimental models of steatohepatitis. CONCLUSIONS Irak1 knockout reduced the expression of inflammatory genes but had no effect on hepatic fibrogenesis. The Irak1-related pathway may regulate liver fibrosis via other pathways or be compensated for by other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lei
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Tianxiao Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Aijing Shan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Di
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Mengyao Dai
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jingminjie Nan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Dongxue Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yanan Cao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xiuli Jiang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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26
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Bi K, Zhang X, Chen W, Diao H. MicroRNAs Regulate Intestinal Immunity and Gut Microbiota for Gastrointestinal Health: A Comprehensive Review. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091075. [PMID: 32932716 PMCID: PMC7564790 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The regulation of microRNA expression in the gut intestine is gradually recognized as one of the crucial contributors of intestinal homeostasis and overall health. Recent studies indicated that both the microRNAs endogenous in the gut intestine and exogenous from diets could play influential roles in modulating microbial colonization and intestinal immunity. In this review, we discuss the biological functions of microRNAs in regulating intestinal homeostasis by modulating intestinal immune responses and gut microbiota. We particularly focus on addressing the microRNA-dependent communication and interactions among microRNA, gut microbiota, and intestinal immune system. Besides, we also summarize the roles of diet-derived microRNAs in host-microbiome homeostasis and their benefits on intestinal health. A better understanding of the relationships among intestinal disorders, microRNAs, and other factors influencing intestinal health can facilitate the application of microRNA-based therapeutics for gastrointestinal diseases.
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27
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Chungen Y, Dongfang Z, Guoyuan X. MicroRNA-146a Protects Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Liver Injury Through Inhibition of Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway in Rats. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:1007-1013. [PMID: 32143869 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a severe and common clinical challenge involved in liver surgery and transplantation. MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) has recently been reported to be abnormally expressed in hepatic IRI, but the underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated. Accumulating evidences showed miR-146a targets Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. Here, we found that miR-146a inhibited TLR4 signaling pathway accompanied by attenuated liver dysfunction, histologic injury and inflammation. Conversely, miR-146a inhibition increased TLR4 and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase, accompanied by exacerbated hepatic IRI and inflammation. Taken together, these data indicated that miR-146a protect against hepatic IRI via inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway. In addition, we verified ultrasound microbubble-mediated gene transfection improved miR-146a transfection efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chungen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhu Dongfang
- Department of Lab Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Guoyuan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
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28
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Yu Q, Wang D, Wen X, Tang X, Qi D, He J, Zhao Y, Deng W, Zhu T. Adipose-derived exosomes protect the pulmonary endothelial barrier in ventilator-induced lung injury by inhibiting the TRPV4/Ca 2+ signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L723-L741. [PMID: 32073873 PMCID: PMC7191475 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00255.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is the main supportive treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but it may lead to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Large epidemiological studies have found that obesity was associated with lower mortality in mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury, which is known as “obesity paradox.” However, the effects of obesity on VILI are unknown. In the present study, wild-type mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and ventilated with high tidal volume to investigate the effects of obesity on VILI in vivo, and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were subjected to 18% cyclic stretching (CS) to further investigate its underlying mechanism in vitro. We found that HFD protects mice from VILI by alleviating the pulmonary endothelial barrier injury and inflammatory responses in mice. Adipose-derived exosomes can regulate distant tissues as novel adipokines, providing a new mechanism for cell-cell interactions. We extracted three adipose-derived exosomes, including HFD mouse serum exosome (S-Exo), adipose tissue exosome (AT-Exo), and adipose-derived stem cell exosome (ADSC-Exo), and further explored their effects on MV or 18% CS-induced VILI in vivo and in vitro. Administration of three exosomes protected against VILI by suppressing pulmonary endothelial barrier hyperpermeability, repairing the expression of adherens junctions, and alleviating inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro, accompanied by transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4)/Ca2+ pathway inhibition. Collectively, these data indicated that HFD-induced obesity plays a protective role in VILI by alleviating the pulmonary endothelial barrier injury and inflammatory response via adipose-derived exosomes, at least partially, through inhibiting the TRPV4/Ca2+ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daoxin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoting Wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xumao Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Qi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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29
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Hu N, Wang C, Dai X, Zhou M, Gong L, Yu L, Peng C, Li Y. Phillygenin inhibits LPS-induced activation and inflammation of LX2 cells by TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112361. [PMID: 31683033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The traditional Chinese medicine Forsythiae Fructus is the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl. It is commonly used to clear heat and detoxify, reduce swelling and disperse knot, and evacuate wind and heat. AIM OF THE STUDY Inflammation is involved in liver fibrosis. Phillygenin (PHI) is a kind of lignans extracted and separated from Forsythiae Fructus, which has been reported to have a good anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether PHI has a therapeutic effect on liver fibrosis caused by inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the induction of the LX2 cells inflammatory model and fibrosis model by LPS with different concentrations were studied. Then, high, medium and low doses PHI was given for intervention therapy. The secretion of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA kit, and the expression of collagen I and α-SMA was detected by Western blot and RT-qPCR. The possible mechanism of PHI on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal pathway was studied by computer-aided drug design software and the results were further verified by Western blot and RT-qPCR experiments. RESULTS The results showed that LPS could promote the expression of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α and the expression of collagen I and α-SMA, indicating that LPS could induce inflammation and fibrosis in LX2 cells. PHI could inhibit LX2 cell activation and fibrotic cytokine expression by inhibiting LPS-induced pro-inflammatory reaction. Molecular docking results showed that PHI could successfully dock with TLR4, MyD88, IKKβ, p65, IκBα, and TAK1 proteins. Subsequently, Western blot and qPCR results further proved that PHI could inhibit the proteins expression in TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal pathway which were consistent with the molecular docking results. CONCLUSION PHI can inhibit LPS-induced pro-inflammatory reaction and LX2 cell activation through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihua Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xuyang Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mengting Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lingyuan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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30
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Zhang G, Yan C, Chen D, Wu X, Zhang Y, Zhan Q, An F. Up-regulation of miR-155 contributes to TNF-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis in acute liver failure. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2020; 30:475-484. [PMID: 31061003 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2019.18159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Acute liver failure (ALF) is due to severe immune response, resulting in massive apoptosis/necrosis of hepatocytes. The precise mechanism has not been explored yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mouse with ALF model was induced by D-GalN/LPS; the hepatic miRNAs expression profile was evaluated by miRNA microarray and verified by RT-PCR. During the ALF in mice, the miR-155 expression was detected in the liver as well as in spleen. Then the correlation between miR-155 and inflammatory cytokines was evaluated. Furthermore, the miR-155 expression in activated Raw264.7 cells and apoptotic hepatocytes was also studied. Finally, the regulatory roles of miR-155 in TNF expression of apoptotic hepatocytes were shown. RESULTS It was shown that miRNAs changed in the mice with ALF relating to hepatocytes apoptosis/necrosis; the selected miRNAs were confirmed with RT-PCR. miR-155 was up-regulated, but miR-698, -720, and -329 were down-regulated. Moreover, hepatic miR-155 was up-regulated at all-time points in the liver, but only at 7 h in spleen of mice with ALF. A significant correlation was observed between hepatic miR-155 and TNF/IL-6 in mice with ALF, which was supported by the findings in vitro showing up-regulated miR-155 in Raw264.7 cells and Hepa1-6 cells under LPS or D-GalN+TNF induction, respectively. Moreover, a correlation was observed between miR155 and TNF levels in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that miR-155 regulates TNF-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis in ALF, which provides some useful information in both basic and clinical researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyu Yan
- Health Service Center of Lihu Community, Wuxi Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dayang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiongbo Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangmei An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Liu X, Jiao K, Jia CC, Li GX, Yuan Q, Xu JK, Hou Y, Wang B. BAP31 regulates IRAK1-dependent neuroinflammation in microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:281. [PMID: 31883536 PMCID: PMC6935200 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia, the mononuclear immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are essential for the maintenance of CNS homeostasis. BAP31, a resident and ubiquitously expressed protein of the endoplasmic reticulum, serves as a sorting factor for its client proteins, mediating the subsequent export, retention, and degradation or survival. Recently, BAP31 has been defined as a regulatory molecule in the CNS, but the function of BAP31 in microglia has yet to be determined. In the present study, we investigated whether BAP31 is involved in the inflammatory response of microglia. METHODS This study used the BV2 cell line and BAP31 conditional knockdown mice generated via the Cre/LoxP system. A BAP31 knockdown experiment was performed to elucidate the role of BAP31 in the endogenous inflammatory cytokine production by microglial BV2 cells. A mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment was established to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of BAP31 against neuroinflammation-induced memory deficits. Behavioral alterations were assessed with the open field test (OFT), Y maze, and Morris water maze. The activation of microglia in the hippocampus of mice was observed by immunohistochemistry. Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence staining, and reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to clarify the mechanisms. RESULTS BAP31 deficiency upregulates LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells and mice by upregulating the protein level of IRAK1, which in turn increases the translocation and transcriptional activity of NF-κB p65 and c-Jun, and moreover, knockdown of IRAK1 or use of an IRAK1 inhibitor reverses these functions. In the cognitive impairment animal model, the BAP31 knockdown mice displayed increased severity in memory deficiency accompanied by an increased expression of proinflammatory factors in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that BAP31 may modulate inflammatory cytokines and cognitive impairment induced by neuroinflammation through IRAK1, which demonstrates that BAP31 plays an essential role in microglial inflammation and prevention of memory deficits caused by neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Jiao
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Cong Jia
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xun Li
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yuan
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Kai Xu
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Zhou C, Zhao L, Wang K, Qi Q, Wang M, Yang L, Sun P, Mu H. MicroRNA-146a inhibits NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by regulating IRAK1 expression in THP-1 cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3078-3084. [PMID: 31572547 PMCID: PMC6755493 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-146a levels are reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, its function is not well understood. The present study investigated the role of miR-146a in the regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in THP-1 cells. A miR-146a mimic and an inhibitor were used to overexpress and downregulate miR-146a expression, respectively. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were performed to evaluate interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) expression, and western blot analysis was applied to assess nuclear factor-κB activation by analyzing p65 subunit levels in the nucleus. To investigate the effects of miR-146a on LPS-induced inflammation, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were also measured using ELISA. The results of the present study revealed thatmiR-146a overexpression significantly reduced IRAK1 expression, reduced p65 levels in the nucleus and reduced IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the supernatant of the cell culture medium of THP-1 cells following LPS treatment. Luciferase assays confirmed IRAK1 to be a direct target of miR-146a in THP-1 cells. In conclusion, miR-146a may regulate IRAK1 expression and inhibit the activation of inflammatory signals and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The present study revealed, at least in part, the mechanisms by which miR-146a regulate the inflammatory response in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Lan Zhao
- Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Qianru Qi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300134, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Hong Mu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
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33
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Andonian BJ, Chou CH, Ilkayeva OR, Koves TR, Connelly MA, Kraus WE, Kraus VB, Huffman KM. Plasma MicroRNAs in Established Rheumatoid Arthritis Relate to Adiposity and Altered Plasma and Skeletal Muscle Cytokine and Metabolic Profiles. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1475. [PMID: 31316517 PMCID: PMC6610455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), obesity, and altered metabolism. Although RA is associated with both obesity and altered metabolism, expression of RA-related microRNA in the setting of these cardiometabolic comorbidities is unclear. Our objective was to determine relationships between six RA-related microRNAs and RA disease activity, inflammation, body composition, and metabolic function. Methods: Expression of plasma miR-21, miR-23b, miR-27a, miR-143, miR-146a, and miR-223 was measured in 48 persons with seropositive and/or erosive RA (mean DAS-28-ESR 3.0, SD 1.4) and 23 age-, sex-, and BMI-matched healthy controls. Disease activity in RA was assessed by DAS-28-ESR. Plasma cytokine concentrations were determined by ELISA. Body composition was assessed using CT scan to determine central and muscle adipose and thigh muscle tissue size and tissue density. Plasma and skeletal muscle acylcarnitine, amino acid, and organic acid metabolites were measured via mass-spectroscopy. Plasma lipoproteins were measured via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Spearman correlations were used to assess relationships for microRNA with inflammation and cardiometabolic measures. RA and control associations were compared using Fisher transformations. Results: Among RA subjects, plasma miR-143 was associated with plasma IL-6 and IL-8. No other RA microRNA was positively associated with disease activity or inflammatory markers. In RA, microRNA expression was associated with adiposity, both visceral adiposity (miR-146a, miR-21, miR-23b, and miR-27a) and thigh intra-muscular adiposity (miR-146a and miR-223). RA miR-146a was associated with greater concentrations of cardiometabolic risk markers (plasma short-chain dicarboxyl/hydroxyl acylcarnitines, triglycerides, large VLDL particles, and small HDL particles) and lower concentrations of muscle energy substrates (long-chain acylcarnitines and pyruvate). Despite RA and controls having similar microRNA levels, RA, and controls differed in magnitude and direction for several associations with cytokines and plasma and skeletal muscle metabolic intermediates. Conclusion: Most microRNAs thought to be associated with RA disease activity and inflammation were more reflective of RA adiposity and impaired metabolism. These associations show that microRNAs in RA may serve as an epigenetic link between RA inflammation and cardiometabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Andonian
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ching-Heng Chou
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Margery A Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC, United States
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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Eguchi A, Franz N, Kobayashi Y, Iwasa M, Wagner N, Hildebrand F, Takei Y, Marzi I, Relja B. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles and Their miR "Barcode" Differentiate Alcohol Drinkers With Liver Injury and Those Without Liver Injury in Severe Trauma Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:30. [PMID: 30859103 PMCID: PMC6397866 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released during tissue/cell injury, contain a “barcode” indicating specific microRNAs (miRs) that can uncover their origin. We examined whether systemic EVs possessing hepatic miR-signatures would indicate ongoing liver injury and clinical complications in trauma patients (TP). We grouped the patients of alcoholic drinkers into “alcohol-drinkers with liver injury (LI)” (EtOH with LI) or “alcohol-drinkers without LI” (EtOH w/o LI) and we compared these groups to “non-drinkers” (no EtOH). When we examined patient blood from the EtOH with LI group we found the total number of EVs to be increased, along with an increase in miR-122 and let7f—two EV-associated miRNAs—and several inflammation-associating cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-33. In contrast, all of the aforementioned readouts were found to be decreased in the EtOH w/o LI group. These novel data demonstrate that hepatocyte damage in alcohol-intoxicated trauma patients presenting with liver injury can be reflected by an increase in circulating serum EVs, their specific miR-“barcode” and the concomitant increase of systemic inflammatory markers IL-6 and IL-33. Anti-inflammatory effect of alcohol-drinking in EtOH w/o LI can be presented by a reduced number of hepato-derived EVs, no upregulation of IL-6 and IL-33, and a miR “barcode” different from patients presenting with liver injury. Background: Alcohol abuse is associated with (neuro)protective effects related to (head) injuries, and with negative effects regarding infection rates and survival in severely injured trauma patients (TP). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are released during tissue and/or cell injury, can contain a “barcode” including specific microRNAs (miRs) that uncover their origin. We examined whether EVs with a hepatic miR signature can be systemically measured, and whether they can indicate ongoing liver injury in alcohol-intoxicated TP and foretell clinical complications. Patients/Methods: We enrolled 35 TP and measured blood EVs, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-10 and IL-33, alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) concentration (BAC), GLDH, GGT, AST, ALT, leukocytes, platelets, and bilirubin. Within circulating EVs we measured the expression levels of miR-122, let7f, miR21, miR29a, miR-155, and miR-146a. Patients of alcohol-drinkers were grouped into “alcohol drinkers with liver injury (LI)” (EtOH with LI) or “alcohol drinkers without LI” (EtOH w/o LI) and compared to “non-drinkers” (no EtOH). We assessed systemic injury characteristics and the outcome of hospitalization with regard to sepsis, septic shock, pneumonia, or mortality. Results: EtOH with LI patients had significantly increased rates of pneumonia vs. the EtOH w/o LI group. EVs, IL-6, and IL-33 levels were significantly increased in EtOH with LI vs. EtOH w/o LI group (p < 0.05). EV number correlated positively with ALT and IL-6 (p < 0.0001). Two miRs, miR-122 and let7f, were increased only in the blood EVs from the EtOH with LI group (p < 0.05). Five miRs, miR-122, let7f, miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-146a, were reduced in the blood EVs from the EtOH w/o LI group, vs. no EtOH (p < 0.05). Notably miR-122 correlated significantly with increased bilirubin levels in the EtOH with LI group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Liver injury in alcohol-intoxicated TP is reflected by increased EV numbers, their specific miR barcode, and the correlated increase of systemic inflammatory markers IL-6 and IL-33. Interestingly, severely injured TP without liver injury were found to have a reduced number of liver-derived EVs, no observed inflammatory infiltration and reduced specific miR “barcode.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, Saitama, Japan
| | - Niklas Franz
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yoshinao Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Motoh Iwasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Nils Wagner
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yoshiyuki Takei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Moein S, Vaghari-Tabari M, Qujeq D, Majidinia M, Nabavi SM, Yousefi B. MiRNAs and inflammatory bowel disease: An interesting new story. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3277-3293. [PMID: 30417350 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorder, is caused by a dysregulated and aberrant immune response to exposed environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite huge efforts in determining the molecular pathogenesis of IBD, an increasing worldwide incidence of IBD has been reported. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of noncoding RNA molecules that are about 22 nucleotides long, and these molecules are involved in the regulation of the gene expression. By clarifying the important role of miRNAs in a number of diseases, their role was also considered in IBD; numerous studies have been performed on this topic. In this review, we attempt to summarize a number of studies and discuss some of the recent developments in the roles of miRNAs in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Moein
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Irantab.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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36
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Das UN. Circulating MicroRNAs and Bioactive Lipids in Pre-Eclampsia and Its Cardiovascular Sequelae. Am J Hypertens 2018; 31:1079-1086. [PMID: 30052752 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, Battle Ground, Washington, USA
- BioScience Research Centre, GVP College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam, India
- Department of Medicine, GVP Hospital, Visakhapatnam, India
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37
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Luoreng ZM, Wang XP, Mei CG, Zan LS. Expression profiling of peripheral blood miRNA using RNAseq technology in dairy cows with Escherichia coli-induced mastitis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12693. [PMID: 30140010 PMCID: PMC6107498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
E. coli is the main causative agent of mastitis in dairy cows, but the mechanism of molecular regulation underlying the occurrence and development of mastitis has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, an E. coli-induced mastitis model was created and RNASeq technology was used to measure the miRNA expression profiles at different times post-infection (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 dpi), as well as to screen for differentially expressed miRNA. The results show detection of 2416 miRNAs, including 628 known miRNAs and 1788 newly discovered miRNAs. A total of 200 differentially expressed miRNAs were found at different time points. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these differentially expressed miRNAs may regulate the occurrence and development of mastitis in dairy cows through seven signal transduction pathways, namely cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, leukocyte transendothelial migration, T cell receptor signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and cell adhesion molecules. In addition, bta-miR-200a, bta-miR-205, bta-miR-122, bta-miR-182 and the newly discovered conservative_15_7229 might be involved in immune process in late stage of E. coli-induced mastitis. The results of this study lay the foundation for molecular network analysis of mastitis and molecular breeding of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ma Luoreng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoology in Hunan Higher Education, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Xing-Ping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoology in Hunan Higher Education, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Chu-Gang Mei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin-Sen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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38
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Al-Fayoumi S, Hashiguchi T, Shirakata Y, Mascarenhas J, Singer JW. Pilot study of the antifibrotic effects of the multikinase inhibitor pacritinib in a mouse model of liver fibrosis. J Exp Pharmacol 2018; 10:9-17. [PMID: 29785143 PMCID: PMC5953271 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s150729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrotic diseases result from an exuberant response to chronic inflammation. Myelofibrosis is the end result of inflammation in bone, caused by an inflammatory process triggered by production of abnormal myeloid cells driven by mutations affecting the JAK-STAT pathway. Inflammatory cytokine overproduction leads to increased mesenchymal cell proliferation, culminating in fibrosis. Although JAK2 inhibitors, such as the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib and the JAK2/FLT3/CSF1R/IRAK1 inhibitor pacritinib suppress abnormal clone expansion in myelofibrosis, ruxolitinib does not appear to prevent or reverse bone-marrow fibrosis in most patients. In two Phase III clinical trials, pacritinib, however, demonstrated improvements in platelet counts and hemoglobin and reductions in transfusion burden in some patients with baseline cytopenias, suggesting it may improve bone-marrow function. Unlike ruxolitinib, pacritinib suppresses signaling through IRAK1, a key control point for inflammatory and fibrotic signaling. Purpose To investigate potential antifibrotic effects of pacritinib in an animal model of liver fibrosis relevant to the observed course of human disease. Methods Pacritinib, negative control (vehicle), and positive control (the angiotensin 2-receptor antagonist and PPARγ partial agonist telmisartan) were assessed in the murine Stelic animal model, which mimics the clinically observed progression from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Histopathological analysis used hematoxylin and eosin staining. Body and liver weight changes, nonalcoholic fatty-liver disease activity scores, and plasma cytokeratin 18 fragment levels (a biomarker of hepatic necrosis) were measured. Results Pacritinib-treated mice had significantly (P<0.01) reduced fibrotic areas in liver compared to vehicle control and significantly (P<0.05) lower levels of CK18. The antifibrotic effect of pacritinib was comparable to that of telmisartan, but without significant effects on fat accumulation. Conclusion These results, the first to demonstrate hepatic antifibrotic effects for pacritinib in an animal model of liver disease, provide preliminary support for potential clinical applications of pacritinib in fibrotic diseases other than myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Mascarenhas
- Tish Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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39
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Chen Y, Wu Z, Yuan B, Dong Y, Zhang L, Zeng Z. MicroRNA-146a-5p attenuates irradiation-induced and LPS-induced hepatic stellate cell activation and hepatocyte apoptosis through inhibition of TLR4 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:22. [PMID: 29348414 PMCID: PMC5833436 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Elevated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression is associated with a high risk of radiation-induced liver disease (RILD). MicroRNA (miR)-146a-5p is a key regulator of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/TLR4 signaling, but its role in modulation of RILD remains unclear. Here, we found that irradiation and LPS stimulation induced TLR4 and miR-146a-5p expression in the human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line LX2. Ectopic expression of miR-146a-5p in LX2 inhibited irradiation-induced and LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and cell proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis by down-regulating the expression levels of TLR4, interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B. In addition, the culture medium from the irradiated and LPS-stimulated HSCs transfected with miR-146a-5p significantly attenuated apoptosis in irradiated hepatocytes. Overexpression of miR-146a-5p reduced α-smooth muscle actin production in irradiated and LPS-stimulated LX2 cells, which was associated with inhibition of TRAF6-mediated JNK and Smad2 phosphorylation. Knockdown of TRAF6 or IRAK1 mimicked the effects of miR-146a-5p on HSC function. Furthermore, miR-146a-5p treatment alleviated irradiation-induced and endotoxin-induced hepatic inflammatory response and fibrogenesis in mice through inhibition of the TLR4 signaling pathway. Collectively, this study reveals the anti-pro-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of miR-146a-5p on liver injury, and suggests a potential application of miR-146a-5p in the therapeutic prevention of RILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoying Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinying Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaochong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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He X, Zheng Y, Liu S, Shi S, Liu Y, He Y, Zhang C, Zhou X. MiR-146a protects small intestine against ischemia/reperfusion injury by down-regulating TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2476-2488. [PMID: 28771774 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies reported that miR-146a was involved in small intestine ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the mechanism is largely vague. Here, we aimed to identify the change of miR-146a in patients with mesenteric ischemia and explore the potential regulatory mechanism of miR-146a in intestine epithelial cells survival under ischemia and I/R injury. The plasma of 20 patients with mesenteric ischemia and 25 controls was collected to examine the miR-146a expression by qPCR. Rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) and 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were included to build ischemia and I/R model in vitro and in vivo. The qPCR results showed that miR-146a decreased both in the plasma of patients with mesenteric ischemia and in IEC-6 cells and rat small intestine tissues in ischemia and I/R model compared to controls. Both the in vitro and in vivo results showed that I/R resulted in more severe apoptotic injury than ischemia. Cleaved-caspase 3, TLR4, TRAF6, and nuclear NF-κB p65 were up-regulated accompanying reduced XIAP and SOCS3 expression in intestinal ischemia and I/R injury. After up-regulation of miR-146a in IEC-6 cells, increased cell survival and decreased cell apoptosis were observed, concomitant with decreased cleaved-caspase 3 and down-regulated TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway. What is more, this protective effect was blocked by TRAF6 overexpression and increased nuclear NF-κB p65 nuclear. Taken together, this study revealed that miR-146a expression was decreased in small intestine ischemia and I/R injury. And miR-146a improves intestine epithelial cells survival under ischemia and I/R injury through inhibition TLR4, TRAF6, and p-IκBα, subsequently leading to decreased NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei He
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yingqiang Zheng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengzhi Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Sen Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanzheng He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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MicroRNA-146a-5p attenuates liver fibrosis by suppressing profibrogenic effects of TGFβ1 and lipopolysaccharide. Cell Signal 2017; 39:1-8. [PMID: 28739486 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) is crucial for liver fibrogenesis, and gut-derived endotoxin (LPS) also plays an important role in liver fibrogenesis. In the present study, we found that microRNA-146a-5p (miR-146a-5p) could regulate TGFβ1/Smad and LPS/NF-κB/Bambi pathways to attenuate liver fibrosis. Downregulated miR-146a-5p and upregulated level of LPS were found in liver of CCl4-treated rats. On cellular level, expression of miR-146a-5p is reduced during primary rat HSCs naturally activation and changed in response to TGFβ1 and/or LPS stimulation in primary rat HSCs and human HSC line LX-2. Further overexpression of miR-146a-5p suppresses proliferation and activation of HSCs. The underlying mechanism involved that miR-146a-5p directly suppresses profibrogenic effects of TGFβ1 by down-regulating the expression of Smad4 and phosphorylation of Smad2. Moreover, miR-146a-5p indirectly suppresses TGFβ1/Smad pathway by targeting IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and TNF receptor associated factor-6 (TRAF6), two major components of LPS/NF-κB/Bambi pathway, to reduce inhibition of TGFβ pseudoreceptor Bambi. These results indicate that miR-146a-5p abrogate hepatic fibrosis by suppressing both TGFβ/Smad and LPS/NF-κB/Bambi signaling pathway in HSCs and suggest that miR-146a-5p is a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis.
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Abstract
The Wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 2b (Wnt2b) has been found to be a principal mediator of liver development and regeneration. However, the significance of Wnt2b in the pathogenesis of fibrosis-related liver diseases remains undefined. Here, we report that Wnt2b was highly expressed in the fibrotic liver tissues, exhibiting protective effects against activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and fibrosis progression. We identified a negative regulation of Wnt2b on the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation-mediated pro-fibrogenic effects. Wnt2b was shown not only to directly suppress LPS-induced HSCs activation, but also to inhibit TLR4-enhanced the sensitivity of HSCs to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Mechanistic study showed that Wnt2b suppresses TLR4 signaling through inhibiting the expression of TLR4 as well as the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs. These findings provided new insights into the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis by characterizing Wnt2b as a novel endogenous suppressor of TLR4 signaling, maintaining tissue homeostasis during the early stage of hepatic fibrosis-associated liver diseases.
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Zhang X, Ye ZH, Liang HW, Ren FH, Li P, Dang YW, Chen G. Down-regulation of miR-146a-5p and its potential targets in hepatocellular carcinoma validated by a TCGA- and GEO-based study. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:504-521. [PMID: 28396836 PMCID: PMC5377416 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous research has demonstrated that miR‐146a‐5p is down‐regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and might play a tumor‐suppressive role. In this study, we sought to validate the decreased expression with a larger cohort and to explore potential molecular mechanisms. GEO and TCGA databases were used to gather miR‐146a‐5p expression data in HCC, which included 762 HCC and 454 noncancerous liver tissues. A meta‐analysis of the GEO‐based microarrays, TCGA‐based RNA‐seq data, and additional qRT‐PCR data validated the down‐regulation of miR‐146a‐5p in HCC and no publication bias was observed. Integrated genes were generated by overlapping miR‐146a‐5p‐related genes from predicted and formerly reported HCC‐related genes using natural language processing. The overlaps were comprehensively analyzed to discover the potential gene signatures, regulatory pathways, and networks of miR‐146a‐5p in HCC. A total of 251 miR‐146a‐5p potential target genes were predicted by bioinformatics platforms and 104 genes were considered as both HCC‐ and miR‐146a‐5p‐related overlaps. RAC1 was the most connected hub gene for miR‐146a‐5p and four pathways with high enrichment (VEGF signaling pathway, adherens junction, toll‐like receptor signaling pathway, and neurotrophin signaling pathway) were denoted for the overlapped genes. The down‐regulation of miR‐146a‐5p in HCC has been validated with the most complete data possible. The potential gene signatures, regulatory pathways, and networks identified for miR‐146a‐5p in HCC could prove useful for molecular‐targeted diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Pathology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Zhi-Hua Ye
- Department of Pathology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Department of Pathology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Fang-Hui Ren
- Department of Pathology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pathology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University Nanning China
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A MicroRNA that Regulates TLR-Mediated Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091519. [PMID: 27618032 PMCID: PMC5037796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic damage can be caused by an array of factors which, if sustained, can lead to hepatic fibrosis.[...].
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