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Raggi L, Caproni L, Ciancaleoni S, D'Amato R, Businelli D, Negri V. Investigating the genetic basis of salt-tolerance in common bean: a genome-wide association study at the early vegetative stage. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5315. [PMID: 38438439 PMCID: PMC10912697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Salinity poses a significant challenge to global crop productivity, affecting approximately 20% of cultivated and 33% of irrigated farmland, and this issue is on the rise. Negative impact of salinity on plant development and metabolism leads to physiological and morphological alterations mainly due to high ion concentration in tissues and the reduced water and nutrients uptake. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a staple food crop accounting for a substantial portion of consumed grain legumes worldwide, is highly susceptible to salt stress resulting in noticeable reduction in dry matter gain in roots and shoots even at low salt concentrations. In this study we screened a common bean panel of diversity encompassing 192 homozygous genotypes for salt tolerance at seedling stage. Phenotypic data were leveraged to identify genomic regions involved in salt stress tolerance in the species through GWAS. We detected seven significant associations between shoot dry weight and SNP markers. The candidate genes, in linkage with the regions associated to salt tolerance or harbouring the detected SNP, showed strong homology with genes known to be involved in salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Our findings provide valuable insights onto the genetic control of salt tolerance in common bean and represent a first contribution to address the challenge of salinity-induced yield losses in this species and poses the ground to eventually breed salt tolerant common bean varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Raggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Caproni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Ciancaleoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto D'Amato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Businelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Negri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Zhao Y, Lu K, Zhang W, Guo W, Chao E, Yang Q, Zhang H. PagDA1a and PagDA1b expression improves salt and drought resistance in transgenic poplar through regulating ion homeostasis and reactive oxygen species scavenging. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107898. [PMID: 37482028 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
DA1/DAR proteins play a crucial role in plant biomass production. However, their functions in woody plants in response to abiotic stress are still unknown. In this study, a total number of six PagDA1/DAR family genes were identified in the poplar genome, and the biological functions of PagDA1a and PagDA1b in the resistance to salt and drought stresses were investigated in transgenic poplar. PagDA1a and PagDA1b were ubiquitously expressed in roots, stems, and leaves, with predominant expression in roots, and were significantly induced by abiotic stress and ABA. Transgenic poplar overexpressing either PagDA1a or PagDA1b showed restrained growth but improved resistance to salt and drought stresses. Further ion content and antioxidant enzyme expression analyses exhibited that transgenic poplar accumulated less sodium (Na+), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the leaves, accompanied with increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT), and up-regulated transcription of SOD1, APX1, and CAT2. Our observations demonstrate that PagDA1a and PagDA1b improve salt and drought tolerance through ion homeostasis optimization and ROS scavenging ability enhancement in transgenic poplar, and both can be used for the future genetic breeding of new salt and drought tolerant tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Zhao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China; Zhaoyuan Shenghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd, North of Beiyuanzhuang Village, Fushan County, Zhaoyuan, Shandong, 265400, China
| | - Kaifeng Lu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China; Zhaoyuan Shenghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd, North of Beiyuanzhuang Village, Fushan County, Zhaoyuan, Shandong, 265400, China
| | - Weilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Luohanya Road, Taian, Shandong, 27100, China
| | - Erkun Chao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China; College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuanxi Road, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
| | - Qingshan Yang
- Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42 Wenhua East Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China; College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, 57 Jingxuanxi Road, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China; Zhaoyuan Shenghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd, North of Beiyuanzhuang Village, Fushan County, Zhaoyuan, Shandong, 265400, China.
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Honfi P, Eisa EA, Tilly-Mándy A, Kohut I, Ecseri K, Mosonyi ID. Salt Tolerance of Limonium gmelinii subsp. hungaricum as a Potential Ornamental Plant for Secondary Salinized Soils. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091807. [PMID: 37176868 PMCID: PMC10181086 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Secondary salinization caused by climate change is a growing global problem. Searching for plants that can survive in areas with high salt content and even have decorative value was the focus of our research. Thirty plants of Limonium gmelinii subsp. hungaricum were planted in clear river sand; another thirty plants were planted in Pindstrup, a growing substrate enriched with 40% clay. With the latter, we modeled the natural soil. In addition to the control tap-water treatment, plants received 50, 125, 250, 375, and 500 mM NaCl solution irrigation twice a week. The leaf sizes of plants planted in sand decreased proportionally with the increasing NaCl concentration, and their dry matter content increased. In the clay-containing medium, leaf sizes increased, even at a concentration of 375 mM, although the dry matter content increased only at high concentrations. Carotene content in both media became higher, due to the higher NaCl concentrations, while proline content in the plants grown in sandy media increased, even with the 125 mM concentration. With our present experiment we proved the salt tolerance of the taxon, and even the soil's great importance in supporting the plant's salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Honfi
- Department of Floriculture and Dendrology, The Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science (MATE), 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eman Abdelhakim Eisa
- Department of Floriculture and Dendrology, The Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science (MATE), 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Tilly-Mándy
- Department of Floriculture and Dendrology, The Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science (MATE), 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Kohut
- Department of Floriculture and Dendrology, The Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science (MATE), 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Károly Ecseri
- Faculty of Horticulture and Rural Development, Department of Horticulture, John von Neumann University of Kecskemét, 6000 Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - István Dániel Mosonyi
- Department of Floriculture and Dendrology, The Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Science (MATE), 1118 Budapest, Hungary
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Zuzunaga-Rosas J, González-Orenga S, Calone R, Rodríguez-Heredia R, Asaff-Torres A, Boscaiu M, Ibáñez-Asensio S, Moreno-Ramón H, Vicente O. Use of a Biostimulant to Mitigate the Effects of Excess Salinity in Soil and Irrigation Water in Tomato Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1190. [PMID: 36904049 PMCID: PMC10005399 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is linked to progressive soil salinisation, which reduces crop yields, especially in irrigated farmland on arid and semiarid regions. Therefore, it is necessary to apply sustainable and effective solutions that contribute to enhanced crop salt tolerance. In the present study, we tested the effects of a commercial biostimulant (BALOX®) containing glycine betaine (GB) and polyphenols on the activation of salinity defense mechanisms in tomato. The evaluation of different biometric parameters and the quantification of biochemical markers related to particular stress responses (osmolytes, cations, anions, oxidative stress indicators, and antioxidant enzymes and compounds) was carried out at two phenological stages (vegetative growth and the beginning of reproductive development) and under different salinity conditions (saline and non-saline soil, and irrigation water), using two formulations (different GB concentrations) and two doses of the biostimulant. Once the experiments were completed, the statistical analysis revealed that both formulations and doses of the biostimulant produced very similar effects. The application of BALOX® improved plant growth and photosynthesis and assisted osmotic adjustment in root and leaf cells. The biostimulant effects are mediated by the control of ion transport, reducing the uptake of toxic Na+ and Cl- ions and favoring the accumulation of beneficial K+ and Ca2+ cations, and a significant increase in leaf sugar and GB contents. BALOX® significantly reduced salt-induced oxidative stress and its harmful effects, as evidenced by a decrease in the concentration of oxidative stress biomarkers, such as malondialdehyde and oxygen peroxide, which was accompanied by the reduction of proline and antioxidant compound contents and the specific activity of antioxidant enzymes with respect to the non-treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Zuzunaga-Rosas
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain (H.M.-R.)
- Innovak Global S. A. de C. V., Blvd. Lombardo Toledano 6615, La Concordia, Chihuahua 31375, Mexico
| | - Sara González-Orenga
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberta Calone
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, I-40128 Bologna, I-00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Raúl Rodríguez-Heredia
- Innovak Global S. A. de C. V., Blvd. Lombardo Toledano 6615, La Concordia, Chihuahua 31375, Mexico
| | - Ali Asaff-Torres
- Innovak Global S. A. de C. V., Blvd. Lombardo Toledano 6615, La Concordia, Chihuahua 31375, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C. Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Ibáñez-Asensio
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain (H.M.-R.)
| | - Héctor Moreno-Ramón
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain (H.M.-R.)
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Meza C, Valenzuela F, Echeverría-Vega A, Gomez A, Sarkar S, Cabeza RA, Arencibia AD, Quiroz K, Carrasco B, Banerjee A. Plant-growth-promoting bacteria from rhizosphere of Chilean common bean ecotype ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) supporting seed germination and growth against salinity stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1052263. [PMID: 36618623 PMCID: PMC9814130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1052263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salinity abiotic stress is increasing day by day due to continuous global warming and climate change. This is also becoming one of the major causes behind the reduction in crop production. Plant-bacteria interaction plays an essential role in improving crop yield without using any chemical fertilizers. The present study aims to characterize the interaction between plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and their role in mitigating salinity stress for local variety crops. Therefore, in this work, two PGPB, namely, Bacillus proteolyticus Cyn1 and Bacillus safensis Cyn2, were isolated from rhizospheric soil of the Chilean common bean ecotype "Sapito" (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and their PGPB traits were analyzed. Cyn1 can produce NH3 and HCN and also secrete siderophores, whereas Cyn2 produced NH3 and siderophores but responded negatively to HCN production. Both the isolated bacteria have shown a positive result for ACC deaminase production, phosphate solubilization, and catalase enzyme secretion. Under all three tested abiotic stresses, i.e., temperature, water, and salinity, both the bacteria and their consortium have demonstrated positive responses. Cyn1 under temperature stress and water stress can produce a biofilm network to combat the stress. While under salinity stress, both the PGPB isolates indicated the production of stress components and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Based on the response, among all other abiotic stresses, salinity stress was chosen for further plant-bacteria interaction study and growth. Visible root colonization of the bacteria has been observed in comparison to the control. The germination index was 100% for all experimental setups of seed bacterization, both under control conditions and salinity stress. Both bacteria responded with good PGP traits that helped in the growth of healthy plants after the bacterial treatment in final pot experiments. Additionally, the consortium and the plants treated with Cyn1 have demonstrated high production of photosynthetic pigments in both experimental setups. Both B. proteolyticus Cyn1 and B. safensis Cyn2 have shown promising PGP characters and efficient response against toxicity related to salinity. Hence, both of these bacteria and consortium can be used for improved agricultural production of Chilean native common beans in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Meza
- Doctorado en Biotecnología Traslacional (DBT), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Talca, Chile
| | | | - Alex Echeverría-Vega
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Aleydis Gomez
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Shrabana Sarkar
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ricardo A. Cabeza
- Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ariel D. Arencibia
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Karla Quiroz
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Aparna Banerjee
- Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (CENBio), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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Gao H, Yu C, Liu R, Li X, Huang H, Wang X, Zhang C, Jiang N, Li X, Cheng S, Zhang H, Li B. The Glutathione S-Transferase PtGSTF1 Improves Biomass Production and Salt Tolerance through Regulating Xylem Cell Proliferation, Ion Homeostasis and Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911288. [PMID: 36232609 PMCID: PMC9569880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an essential role in plant cell detoxification and secondary metabolism. However, their accurate functions in the growth and response to abiotic stress in woody plants are still largely unknown. In this work, a Phi class Glutathione S-transferase encoding gene PtGSTF1 was isolated from poplar (P. trichocarpa), and its biological functions in the regulation of biomass production and salt tolerance were investigated in transgenic poplar. PtGSTF1 was ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and organs, with a predominant expression in leaves and inducible expression by salt stress. Transgenic poplar overexpressing PtGSTF1 showed improved shoot growth, wood formation and improved salt tolerance, consistent with the increased xylem cell number and size under normal condition, and the optimized Na+ and K+ homeostasis and strengthened reactive oxygen species scavenging during salt stress. Further transcriptome analyses demonstrated that the expressions of genes related to hydrolase, cell wall modification, ion homeostasis and ROS scavenging were up- or down-regulated in transgenic plants. Our findings imply that PtGSTF1 improves both biomass production and salt tolerance through regulating hydrolase activity, cell wall modification, ion homeostasis and ROS scavenging in transgenic poplar, and that it can be considered as a useful gene candidate for the genetic breeding of new tree varieties with improved growth under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Gao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Ruichao Liu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Huiqing Huang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shuang Cheng
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Bei Li
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai 264025, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (B.L.)
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Shahid M, Zeyad MT, Syed A, Singh UB, Mohamed A, Bahkali AH, Elgorban AM, Pichtel J. Stress-Tolerant Endophytic Isolate Priestia aryabhattai BPR-9 Modulates Physio-Biochemical Mechanisms in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) for Enhanced Salt Tolerance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710883. [PMID: 36078599 PMCID: PMC9518148 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In efforts to improve plant productivity and enhance defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses, endophytic bacteria have been used as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In the current study, 25 endophytic microbes recovered from plant organs of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) were assessed for biotic (phyto-fungal pathogens) and abiotic (salinity, drought, and heavy metal) stress tolerance. Among the recovered isolates, BPR-9 tolerated maximum salinity (18% NaCl), drought (15% PEG-6000), and heavy metals (µg mL-1): Cd (1200), Cr (1000), Cu (1000), Pb (800), and Hg (30). Based on phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rDNA gene sequencing, endophytic isolate BPR-9 was recognized as Priestia aryabhattai (accession no. OM743254.1). This isolate was revealed as a powerful multi-stress-tolerant crop growth promoter after extensive in-vitro testing for plant growth-promoting attributes, nutrient (phosphate, P; potassium, K; and zinc, Zn) solubilization efficiency, extracellular enzyme (protease, cellulase, amylase, lipase, and pectinase) synthesis, and potential for antagonistic activity against important fungal pathogens viz. Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Ustilaginoidea virens. At elevated salt levels, increases were noted in indole-3-acetic acid; siderophores; P, K, and Zn-solubilization; ACC deaminase; and ammonia synthesized by Priestia aryabhattai. Additionally, under in-vitro plant bioassays, wheat seedlings inoculated with P. aryabhattai experienced superior growth compared to non-inoculated seedlings in high salinity (0-15% NaCl) environment. Under NaCl stress, germination rate, plant length, vigor indices, and leaf pigments of wheat seedlings significantly increased following P. aryabhattai inoculation. Furthermore, at 2%-NaCl, B. aryabhattai greatly and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased relative leaf water content, membrane damage, and electrolyte leakage compared with the non-inoculated control. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase activity increased by 29, 32, and 21%, respectively, in wheat seedlings exposed to 2% NaCl and inoculated with the bacteria. The present findings demonstrate that endophytic P. aryabhattai strains might be used in the future as a multi-stress reducer and crop growth promoter in agronomically important crops including cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahid
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau 275103, India
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Tarique Zeyad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau 275103, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Udai B. Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau 275103, India
| | - Abdullah Mohamed
- Research Centre, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Ali H. Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Pichtel
- Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA
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Han Y, Gao Y, Li M, Du Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Du J. The molecular events underpinning cultivar differences in melatonin counteracting salt damage in Phaseolus vulgaris. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:201-217. [PMID: 34871542 DOI: 10.1071/fp21126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N -acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays important roles in multiple stress responses, especially under salt stress. However, cultivar differences in melatonin mediated salt stress tolerance are unclear. Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) cultivars Jiyin 1 (JY, salt-tolerant) and Xuliyabai (XL, salt-sensitive) were used in this study. Exogenous melatonin significantly improved root growth under salt stress in JY, but had little effect on XL. Physiology analysis showed significant differences in activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide, SOD; and catalase, CAT) and malondialdehyde content between JY and XL. Meanwhile, the change of ABA content in JY and XL root was opposite in salt plus melatonin treatment. Comparative root transcriptomes of JY and XL revealed 3505 and 668 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by salt stress and melatonin. The most enriched melatonin-responsive genes under salt stress are mainly involved in regulation of transcription, oxidation-reduction process, transcription factor activity, oxidoreductase activity. In addition, melatonin induced more obvious changes of DEGs in JY than that in XL under salt condition. Melatonin also significantly induced 41 DEGs only in JY, including signal transduction genes, transcription factors, ubiquitin protein ligases, ion homeostasis and osmotic adjustment genes etc. This study uncovered the molecular mechanism of cultivar difference of melatonin response under salt stress in common bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China; and National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yamei Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China; and Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in the Cold Region, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Du
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuxian Zhang
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China; and College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Jidao Du
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China; and College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
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Gao H, Huang H, Lu K, Wang C, Liu X, Song Z, Zhou H, Yang L, Li B, Yu C, Zhang H. OsCYP714D1 improves plant growth and salt tolerance through regulating gibberellin and ion homeostasis in transgenic poplar. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:447-456. [PMID: 34715569 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450s) play crucial roles in the regulation of plant growth and response to abiotic stress. However, their functions in woody trees are still largely unknown. Previously, we reported that expression of the rice cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene OsCYP714D1 increased gibberellic acid (GA) accumulation and shoot growth in transgenic poplar. In this work, we demonstrate that expression of OsCYP714D1 improved the salt tolerance of transgenic poplar plants. Compared to wild type, plant height and K+ content were significantly higher, whereas plant growth inhibition and Na+ content were significantly lower, in transgenic plants grown under high salt stress condition. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that OsCYP714D1 expression up-regulated the expressions of GA biosynthesis, signaling and stress responsive genes in transgenic plants under both normal and high salt stress conditions. Further gene ontology (GO) analyses indicated that genes involved in plant hormone and ion metabolic activities were significantly enriched in transgenic plants. Our findings imply that OsCYP714D1 participated in the regulation of both shoot growth and salt resistance through regulating gibberellin and ion homeostasis in transgenic poplar, and it can be used as a candidate gene for the engineering of new tree varieties with improved biomass production and salt stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Gao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Huiqing Huang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Kaifeng Lu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Cuiting Wang
- Shanghai OE Biotech Co., Ltd, 1505 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Zhizhong Song
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Houjun Zhou
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Bei Li
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China.
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Navarro-León E, Paradisone V, López-Moreno FJ, Rios JJ, Esposito S, Blasco B. Effect of CAX1a TILLING mutations on photosynthesis performance in salt-stressed Brassica rapa plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 311:111013. [PMID: 34482916 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is an important environmental factor that reduces plant productivity in many world regions. It affects negatively photosynthesis causing a growth reduction. Likewise, calcium (Ca2+) is crucial in plant stress response. Therefore, the modification of Ca2+ cation exchangers (CAX) transporters could be a potential strategy to increase plant tolerance to salinity. Using Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING), researchers generated three mutants of Brassica rapa CAX1a transporter: BraA.cax1a-7, BraA.cax1a-4, and BraA.cax1a-12. The aim of this study was to test the effect of those mutations on salt tolerance focusing on the response to the photosynthesis process. Thus, the three BraA.cax1a mutants and the parental line (R-o-18) were grown under salinity conditions, and parameters related to biomass, photosynthesis performance, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49), and soluble carbohydrates were measured. BraA.cax1a-4 provided higher biomass and a better photosynthetic performance manifested by higher water use efficiency (WUE), Fv/Fm, electron fluxes, and Rubisco (EC 4.1.1.39) values. In addition, BraA.cax1a-4 presented increased osmotic protection through myo-inositol accumulation. On the other hand, BraA.cax1a-7 produced some negative effects on photosynthesis performance and lower G6PDH and Rubisco accumulations. Therefore, this study points out BraA.cax1a-4 as a useful mutation to improve photosynthetic performance in plants grown under saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Navarro-León
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Valeria Paradisone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | | | - Juan José Rios
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Begoña Blasco
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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11
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Mbinda W, Mukami A. A Review of Recent Advances and Future Directions in the Management of Salinity Stress in Finger Millet. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734798. [PMID: 34603359 PMCID: PMC8481900 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is a major environmental impediment affecting the growth and production of crops. Finger millet is an important cereal grown in many arid and semi-arid areas of the world characterized by erratic rainfall and scarcity of good-quality water. Finger millet salinity stress is caused by the accumulation of soluble salts due to irrigation without a proper drainage system, coupled with the underlying rocks having a high salt content, which leads to the salinization of arable land. This problem is projected to be exacerbated by climate change. The use of new and efficient strategies that provide stable salinity tolerance across a wide range of environments can guarantee sustainable production of finger millet in the future. In this review, we analyze the strategies that have been used for salinity stress management in finger millet production and discuss potential future directions toward the development of salt-tolerant finger millet varieties. This review also describes how advanced biotechnological tools are being used to develop salt-tolerant plants. The biotechnological techniques discussed in this review are simple to implement, have design flexibility, low cost, and highly efficient. This information provides insights into enhancing finger millet salinity tolerance and improving production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilton Mbinda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
- Pwani University Biosciences Research Centre (PUBReC), Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Asunta Mukami
- Department of Life Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
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12
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Kavas M, Yıldırım K, Seçgin Z, Abdulla MF, Gökdemir G. Genome-wide identification of the BURP domain-containing genes in Phaseolus vulgaris. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1885-1902. [PMID: 34629769 PMCID: PMC8484419 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant-specific BURP domain-containing proteins have an essential role in the plant's development and stress responses. Although BURP domain-containing proteins have been identified in several plant species, genome-wide analysis of the BURP gene family has not been investigated in the common bean. In the present study, we identified 11 BURP family members in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genome with a comprehensive in silico analysis. Pairwise alignment and phylogenetic analyses grouped PvBURP members into four subfamilies [RD-22 like (3), PG1β-like (4), BNM2-like (3), and USP-like (1)] according to their amino acid motifs, protein domains and intron-exon structure. The physical and biochemical characteristics of amino acids, motif and intron-exon structure, and cis-regulatory elements of BURPs members were determined. Promoter regions of BURP members included stress, light, and hormone response-related cis-elements. Therefore, expression profiles of PvBURP genes were identified with in silico tools and qRT-PCR analyses under stress (salt and drought) and hormone treatment (ABA, IAA) in the current study. While significant activity changes were not observed in BURP genes in RNA-seq data sets related to salt stress, it was determined that some BURP genes were expressed differently in those with drought stress. We identified 12 different miRNA, including miRNA395, miRNA156, miRNA169, miRNA171, miRNA319, and miRNA390, targeting the nine PvBURP genes using two different in silico tools based on perfect or near-perfect complementarity to their targets. Here we present the first study to identify and characterize the BURP genes in common bean using whole-genome analysis, and the findings may serve as a reference for future functional research in common bean. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01052-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Kavas
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Yıldırım
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Zafer Seçgin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mohamed Farah Abdulla
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Gökdemir
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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13
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Landa-Faz A, Rodríguez-Vázquez R, Roldán-Carillo TG. Mycoremediation of an agricultural salty soil contaminated with endosulfan by Penicillium crustosum: and agronomic bioassays with Phaseolus leptostachyus. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:838-844. [PMID: 34370606 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1962167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Penicillium crustosum was employed for endosulfan biodegradation, finding that sulphate endosulfan and mono alcohol endosulfan were the main compounds produced; therefore, an oxidative degradation pathway was suggested. A 93 ± 4.7% of Endosulfan degradation after one month of treatment of a highly salty agricultural soil was obtained, where ΔST was up to 17 ± 0.58 mN m-1, (related to the water value of 72 mNm-1), that was induced by the fungus during soil mycoremediation Additionally, an improvement in soil quality (reduction of clay proportion and salinity, as well as an increase of soluble phosphorus, carbon content and organic matter) was observed during the mycoremediation treatment. The phytotoxicity of the pesticide on Phaseolus leptostachyus was evaluated in the soil without the fungus addition (control), where the pesticide was translocated in the crop, presenting a negative effect in germination index, root length and weight, aerial weight, humidity, and proline content. This contrasted with the effect on the crop grown in the soil treated with P. crustosum, which had better agronomic characteristics. This is first report in which the effect of this property allows the pesticide biodegradation, due to a combined Endosulfan bioavailability and fungal biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Landa-Faz
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV, Zacatenco, México
| | | | - T G Roldán-Carillo
- Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas, México, Distrito Federal, México
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Abstract
Nowadays, crop insufficiency resulting from soil salinization is threatening the world. On the basis that soil salinization has become a worldwide problem, studying the mechanisms of plant salt tolerance is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve crop yield, to cultivate new salt-tolerant varieties, and to make full use of saline land. Based on previous studies, this paper reviews the damage of salt stress to plants, including suppression of photosynthesis, disturbance of ion homeostasis, and membrane peroxidation. We have also summarized the physiological mechanisms of salt tolerance, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and osmotic adjustment. Four main stress-related signaling pathways, salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway, calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) pathway, and abscisic acid (ABA) pathway, are included. We have also enumerated some salt stress-responsive genes that correspond to physiological mechanisms. In the end, we have outlined the present approaches and techniques to improve salt tolerance of plants. All in all, we reviewed those aspects above, in the hope of providing valuable background knowledge for the future cultivation of agricultural and forestry plants.
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Responses to Salt Stress in Portulaca: Insight into Its Tolerance Mechanisms. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121660. [PMID: 33260911 PMCID: PMC7760961 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and its detrimental effects on agricultural production, freshwater availability and biodiversity accentuated the need for more stress-tolerant varieties of crops. This requires unraveling the underlying pathways that convey tolerance to abiotic stress in wild relatives of food crops, industrial crops and ornamentals, whose tolerance was not eroded by crop cycles. In this work we try to demonstrate the feasibility of such strategy applying and investigating the effects of saline stress in different species and cultivars of Portulaca. We attempted to unravel the main mechanisms of stress tolerance in this genus and to identify genotypes with higher tolerance, a procedure that could be used as an early detection method for other ornamental and minor crops. To investigate these mechanisms, six-week-old seedlings were subjected to saline stress for 5 weeks with increasing salt concentrations (up to 400 mM NaCl). Several growth parameters and biochemical stress markers were determined in treated and control plants, such as photosynthetic pigments, monovalent ions (Na+, K+ and Cl−), different osmolytes (proline and soluble sugars), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde—a by-product of membrane lipid peroxidation—MDA) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids). The applied salt stress inhibited plant growth, degraded photosynthetic pigments, increased concentrations of specific osmolytes in both leaves and roots, but did not induce significant oxidative stress, as demonstrated by only small fluctuations in MDA levels. All Portulaca genotypes analyzed were found to be Na+ and Cl− includers, accumulating high amounts of these ions under saline stress conditions, but P. grandiflora proved to be more salt tolerant, showing only a small reduction under growth stress, an increased flower production and the lowest reduction in K+/Na+ rate in its leaves.
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16
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Szekely-Varga Z, González-Orenga S, Cantor M, Jucan D, Boscaiu M, Vicente O. Effects of Drought and Salinity on Two Commercial Varieties of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9050637. [PMID: 32429357 DOI: 10.15835/nbha48412150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is not only affecting arid and semi-arid regions but also becoming a threat to agriculture in Central and Eastern European countries. The present study analyzes the responses to drought and salinity of two varieties of Lavandula angustifolia cultivated in Romania. Lavender seedlings were subjected to one month of salt stress (100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl) and water deficit (complete withholding of irrigation) treatments. To assess the effects of stress on the plants, several growth parameters and biochemical stress markers (photosynthetic pigments, mono and divalent ions, and different osmolytes) were determined in control and stressed plants after the treatments. Both stress conditions significantly inhibited the growth of the two varieties, but all plants survived the treatments, indicating a relative stress tolerance of the two varieties. The most relevant mechanisms of salt tolerance are based on the maintenance of foliar K+ levels and the accumulation of Ca2+ and proline as a functional osmolyte in parallel with increasing external salinities. Under water stress, significant increases of Na+ and K+ concentrations were detected in roots, indicating a possible role of these cations in osmotic adjustment, limiting root dehydration. No significant differences were found when comparing the stress tolerance and stress responses of the two selected lavender varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Szekely-Varga
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara González-Orenga
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Cantor
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Denisa Jucan
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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17
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Szekely-Varga Z, González-Orenga S, Cantor M, Jucan D, Boscaiu M, Vicente O. Effects of Drought and Salinity on Two Commercial Varieties of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050637. [PMID: 32429357 PMCID: PMC7284986 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Global warming is not only affecting arid and semi-arid regions but also becoming a threat to agriculture in Central and Eastern European countries. The present study analyzes the responses to drought and salinity of two varieties of Lavandula angustifolia cultivated in Romania. Lavender seedlings were subjected to one month of salt stress (100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl) and water deficit (complete withholding of irrigation) treatments. To assess the effects of stress on the plants, several growth parameters and biochemical stress markers (photosynthetic pigments, mono and divalent ions, and different osmolytes) were determined in control and stressed plants after the treatments. Both stress conditions significantly inhibited the growth of the two varieties, but all plants survived the treatments, indicating a relative stress tolerance of the two varieties. The most relevant mechanisms of salt tolerance are based on the maintenance of foliar K+ levels and the accumulation of Ca2+ and proline as a functional osmolyte in parallel with increasing external salinities. Under water stress, significant increases of Na+ and K+ concentrations were detected in roots, indicating a possible role of these cations in osmotic adjustment, limiting root dehydration. No significant differences were found when comparing the stress tolerance and stress responses of the two selected lavender varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Szekely-Varga
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Z.S.-V.); (M.C.)
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Sara González-Orenga
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Cantor
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Z.S.-V.); (M.C.)
| | - Denisa Jucan
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Z.S.-V.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (M.B.)
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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18
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Identification of Salt and Drought Biochemical Stress Markers in Several Silene vulgaris Populations. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11030800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study attempted to determine short-term responses to drought and salt stress in different Silene vulgaris genotypes and to identify potential abiotic stress biochemical indicators in this species. Four populations from contrasting habitats were subjected to drought and three levels of salinity under controlled greenhouse conditions. The determination of several growth parameters after the stress treatments allowed for ranking the tolerance to stress of the four analyzed populations on the basis of their relative degree of stress-induced growth inhibition. This was then correlated with changes in the leaf levels of monovalent ions (Na+, Cl−, and K+), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids), osmolytes (total soluble sugars, proline), and non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenolic compounds and flavonoids). Despite the observed differences, all four populations appeared to be relatively tolerant to both stress conditions, which in general did not cause a significant degradation of photosynthetic pigments and did not generate oxidative stress in the plants. Drought and salinity tolerance in S. vulgaris was mostly dependent on the use of Na+ and K+ for osmotic adjustment under stress, a mechanism that appeared to be constitutive, and not stress-induced, since relatively high concentrations of these cations (without reaching toxic levels) were also present in the leaves of control plants. The inhibition of additional transportation of toxic ions to the leaves, in response to increasing external salinity, seemed to be a relevant mechanism of tolerance, specifically to salt stress, whereas accumulation of soluble sugars under drought conditions may have contributed to tolerance to drought.
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19
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Effects of Drought and Salinity on European Larch (Larix decidua Mill.) Seedlings. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9060320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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20
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The genus Portulaca as a suitable model to study the mechanisms of plant tolerance to drought and salinity. THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2018-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Drought and soil salinity are at present the major factors responsible for the global reduction of crop yields, and the problem will become more severe in the coming decades because of climate change effects. The most promising strategy to achieve the increased agricultural production that will be required to meet food demands worldwide will be based on the enhancement of crop stress tolerance, by both, traditional breeding and genetic engineering. This, in turn, requires a deep understanding of the mechanisms of tolerance which, although based on a conserved set of basic responses, vary widely among plant species. Therefore, the use of different plant models to investigate these mechanisms appears to be a sensible approach. The genus Portulaca could be a suitable model to carry out these studies, as some of its taxa have been described as tolerant to drought and/or salinity. Information on relevant mechanisms of tolerance to salt and water stress can be obtained by correlating the activation of specific defence pathways with the relative stress resistance of the investigated species. Also, species of the genus could be economically attractive as ‘new’ crops for ‘saline’ and ‘arid’, sustainable agriculture, as medicinal plants, highly nutritious vegetable crops and ornamentals.
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Morosan M, Hassan MA, Naranjo MA, López-Gresa MP, Boscaiu M, Vicente O. Comparative analysis of drought responses in Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) and P. coccineus (runner bean) cultivars. EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.24190/issn2564-615x/2017/03.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Genetic improvement of crop drought tolerance has become an urgent need for increasing agricultural yields and food production, to feed a growing human population in the context of global climate change. To get insights into the most relevant mechanisms underlying drought resistance in beans, we have analysed the responses to water deficit of three Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) and one P. coccineus (runner bean) cultivars, focusing on the accumulation of specific osmolytes, a conserved response to abiotic stress in plants. Changes in osmolyte levels were correlated with the relative tolerance to water stress of the studied cultivars. Drought tolerance in Phaseolus largely depends on the accumulation of myo-inositol; glycine betaine may also contribute to tolerance in P. coccineus (but not in P. vulgaris). Proline, another common osmolyte, is a reliable marker of the level of stress affecting bean plants, but is not directly involved in tolerance mechanisms, as its drought-dependent accumulation is lowest in the most tolerant cultivar. We suggest that, by measuring the levels of proline and myo-inositol in water-stressed plants, a large number of cultivars could be easily and rapidly screened to select promising candidates to be used in breeding programmes for improving drought tolerance in beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Morosan
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV-CSIC), 46022 Valencia , Spain
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (USAMV), 400372 Cluj-Napoca , Romania
| | - Mohamad Al Hassan
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV-CSIC), 46022 Valencia , Spain
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Miguel A. Naranjo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV-CSIC), 46022 Valencia , Spain
- Tervalis S.L., 44002 Teruel , Spain
| | - María P. López-Gresa
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV-CSIC), 46022 Valencia , Spain
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterraneo, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), 46022 Valencia , Spain
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV-CSIC), 46022 Valencia , Spain
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