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Amara J, Itani T, Hajal J, Bakhos JJ, Saliba Y, Aboushanab SA, Kovaleva EG, Fares N, Mondragon AC, Miranda JM. Circadian Rhythm Perturbation Aggravates Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:247. [PMID: 38257139 PMCID: PMC10819604 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disruption is increasingly considered an environmental risk factor for the development and exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease. We have reported in a previous study that nychthemeral dysregulation is associated with an increase in intestinal barrier permeability and inflammation in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. To investigate the effect of circadian rhythm disruption on the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota (GM), sixty male C57BL/6J mice were initially divided to two groups, with the shifted group (n = 30) exposed to circadian shifts for three months and the non-shifted group (n = 30) kept under a normal light-dark cycle. The mice of the shifted group were cyclically housed for five days under the normal 12:12 h light-dark cycle, followed by another five days under a reversed light-dark cycle. At the end of the three months, a colitis was induced by 2% DSS given in the drinking water of 30 mice. Animals were then divided into four groups (n = 15 per group): sham group non-shifted (Sham-NS), sham group shifted (Sham-S), DSS non-shifted (DSS-NS) and DSS shifted (DSS-S). Fecal samples were collected from rectal content to investigate changes in GM composition via DNA extraction, followed by high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The mouse GM was dominated by three phyla: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio decreased in mice with induced colitis. The richness and diversity of the GM were reduced in the colitis group, especially in the group with inverted circadian rhythm. Moreover, the GM composition was modified in the inverted circadian rhythm group, with an increase in Alloprevotella, Turicibacter, Bacteroides and Streptococcus genera. Circadian rhythm inversion exacerbates GM dysbiosis to a less rich and diversified extent in a DSS-induced colitis model. These findings show possible interplay between circadian rhythm disruption, GM dynamics and colitis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Amara
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Pôle Technologie Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; (J.A.); (J.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tarek Itani
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Joelle Hajal
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Pôle Technologie Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; (J.A.); (J.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Jules-Joel Bakhos
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Pôle Technologie Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; (J.A.); (J.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Youakim Saliba
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Pôle Technologie Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; (J.A.); (J.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Saied A. Aboushanab
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira 19, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (S.A.A.); (E.G.K.)
| | - Elena G. Kovaleva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Mira 19, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (S.A.A.); (E.G.K.)
| | - Nassim Fares
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Pôle Technologie Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon; (J.A.); (J.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Alicia C. Mondragon
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Campus Terra, Universidade da Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Jose Manuel Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Campus Terra, Universidade da Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
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Wang Y, Guo H, He F. Circadian disruption: from mouse models to molecular mechanisms and cancer therapeutic targets. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:297-322. [PMID: 36513953 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a timekeeping system for numerous biological rhythms that contribute to the regulation of numerous homeostatic processes in humans. Disruption of circadian rhythms influences physiology and behavior and is associated with adverse health outcomes, especially cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of circadian disruption-associated cancer initiation and development remain unclear. It is essential to construct good circadian disruption models to uncover and validate the detailed molecular clock framework of circadian disruption in cancer development and progression. Mouse models are the most widely used in circadian studies due to their relatively small size, fast reproduction cycle, easy genome manipulation, and economic practicality. Here, we reviewed the current mouse models of circadian disruption, including suprachiasmatic nuclei destruction, genetic engineering, light disruption, sleep deprivation, and other lifestyle factors in our understanding of the crosstalk between circadian rhythms and oncogenic signaling, as well as the molecular mechanisms of circadian disruption that promotes cancer growth. We focused on the discoveries made with the nocturnal mouse, diurnal human being, and cell culture and provided several circadian rhythm-based cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haidong Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Feng He
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Guevara-Garcia A, Soleilhac M, Minc N, Delacour D. Regulation and functions of cell division in the intestinal tissue. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023:S1084-9521(23)00004-6. [PMID: 36702722 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, epithelial cells are key elements of tissue organization. In developing epithelial tissues, cellular proliferation and differentiation are under the tight regulation of morphogenetic programs to ensure correct organ formation and functioning. In these processes, proliferation rates and division orientation regulate the speed, timing and direction of tissue expansion but also its proper patterning. Moreover, tissue homeostasis relies on spatio-temporal modulations of daughter cell behavior and arrangement. These aspects are particularly crucial in the intestine, which is one of the most proliferative tissues in adults, making it a very attractive adult organ system to study the role of cell division on epithelial morphogenesis and organ function. Although epithelial cell division has been the subject of intense research for many years in multiple models, it still remains in its infancy in the context of the intestinal tissue. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on cell division and regulatory mechanisms at play in the intestinal epithelial tissue, as well as their importance in developmental biology and physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matis Soleilhac
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Minc
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Delacour
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006 Paris, France.
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Sleep Modulates Alcohol Toxicity in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012091. [PMID: 36292943 PMCID: PMC9603330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a significant public health problem. While considerable research has shown that alcohol use affects sleep, little is known about the role of sleep deprivation in alcohol toxicity. We investigated sleep as a factor modulating alcohol toxicity using Drosophila melanogaster, a model for studies of sleep, alcohol, and aging. Following 24 h of sleep deprivation using a paradigm that similarly affects males and females and induces rebound sleep, flies were given binge-like alcohol exposures. Sleep deprivation increased mortality, with no sex-dependent differences. Sleep deprivation also abolished functional tolerance measured at 24 h after the initial alcohol exposure, although there was no effect on alcohol absorbance or clearance. We investigated the effect of chronic sleep deprivation using mutants with decreased sleep, insomniac and insulin-like peptide 2, finding increased alcohol mortality. Furthermore, we investigated whether pharmacologically inducing sleep prior to alcohol exposure using the GABAA-receptor agonist 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo(5,4-c)pyridin-3-ol (THIP) mitigated the effects of alcohol toxicity on middle-aged flies, flies with environmentally disrupted circadian clocks, and flies with short sleep. Pharmacologically increasing sleep prior to alcohol exposure decreased alcohol-induced mortality. Thus, sleep prior to binge-like alcohol exposure affects alcohol-induced mortality, even in vulnerable groups such as aging flies and those with circadian dysfunction.
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Alsayid M, Khan MO, Adnan D, Rasmussen HE, Keshavarzian A, Bishehsari F. Behavioral circadian phenotypes are associated with the risk of elevated body mass index. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1395-1403. [PMID: 34355307 PMCID: PMC8816962 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction and obesity rates are on the rise. Although the central modes of circadian disruption has been studied in relation to the risk of obesity, the role of eating time has remained unclear. Here, we aimed to assess circadian behavioral phenotypes and their association with the risk of elevated body mass index (BMI). METHODS This was a prospective cross-sectional study of individuals presenting for colorectal cancer screening colonoscopy. Participants completed demographic questionnaires, The Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ), and Food Timing Screener (FTS). The primary outcome of the study was the association between circadian phenotypes and elevated BMI. RESULTS A total of 488 individuals completed the survey, with a mean (SD) age of 57.5 (10.8) years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.8 (6.1) kg/m2, with 72.3% of individuals met criteria for elevated BMI. Four circadian behavioral phenotypes were generated: early chronotype with regular food timing (ER) (34.7%), early chronotype with irregular food timing (EI) (11.7%), intermediate/late chronotype with regular food timing (LR) (33.9%), and intermediate/late chronotype with irregular food timing (LI) (19.7%). In a multivariable regression analysis, LI phenotype had 2.9 times higher odds of elevated BMI as compared to ER phenotype (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3-6.7, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION The combination of late chronotype and irregular food timing, representative of a behavioral circadian rhythm disruption, is associated with higher rates of elevated BMI. The majority of individuals with this abnormal circadian phenotype were younger than 60 years old. This observation is especially relevant because of the ongoing rise in the obesity rates among young adults. LEVEL III Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Alsayid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohammed Omer Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Darbaz Adnan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Professional Building, 1725 W. Harrison St. Suite 207, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Heather E Rasmussen
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Professional Building, 1725 W. Harrison St. Suite 207, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Professional Building, 1725 W. Harrison St. Suite 207, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Luthra-Guptasarma M, Guptasarma P. Does chronic inflammation cause acute inflammation to spiral into hyper-inflammation in a manner modulated by diet and the gut microbiome, in severe Covid-19? Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000211. [PMID: 34213801 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We propose that hyper-inflammation (HYPi) is a ''runaway'' consequence of acute inflammation (ACUi) that arises more easily (and also abates less easily) in those who host a pre-existing chronic inflammation (CHRi), because (i) most factors involved in generating an ACUi to limit viral proliferation are already present when there is an underlying CHRi, and also because (ii) anti-inflammatory (AI) mechanisms for the abatement of ACUi (following containment of viral proliferation) are suppressed and desensitized where there is an underlying CHRi, with this causing the ACUi to spiral into a HYPi. Stress, pollution, diet, and gut microbiomes (alterable in weeks through dietary changes) have an intimate and bidirectional cause-effect relationship with CHRi. We propose that avoidance of CHRi-promoting foods and adoption of CHRi-suppressing foods could reduce susceptibility to HYPi, in Covid-19 and in other viral diseases, such as influenza, which are characterized by episodic and unpredictable HYPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Luthra-Guptasarma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Purnananda Guptasarma
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
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Bishehsari F, Voigt RM, Keshavarzian A. Circadian rhythms and the gut microbiota: from the metabolic syndrome to cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:731-739. [PMID: 33106657 PMCID: PMC8085809 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is prevalent in developed nations and accounts for the largest burden of non-communicable diseases worldwide. The metabolic syndrome has direct effects on health and increases the risk of developing cancer. Lifestyle factors that are known to promote the metabolic syndrome generally cause pro-inflammatory alterations in microbiota communities in the intestine. Indeed, alterations to the structure and function of intestinal microbiota are sufficient to promote the metabolic syndrome, inflammation and cancer. Among the lifestyle factors that are associated with the metabolic syndrome, disruption of the circadian system, known as circadian dysrhythmia, is increasingly common. Disruption of the circadian system can alter microbiome communities and can perturb host metabolism, energy homeostasis and inflammatory pathways, which leads to the metabolic syndrome. This Perspective discusses the role of intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites in mediating the effects of disruption of circadian rhythms on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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8
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McMahan RH, Afshar M, Amedee AM, Bishehsari F, Carr RM, Coleman LG, Herrnreiter CJ, Lewis SL, Mandrekar P, McCullough RL, Morris NL, Vasiliou V, Wang HJ, Yeligar SM, Choudhry MA, Kovacs EJ. Summary of the 2019 alcohol and immunology research interest group (AIRIG) meeting: Alcohol-mediated mechanisms of multiple organ injury. Alcohol 2020; 87:89-95. [PMID: 32353591 PMCID: PMC7483664 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
On November 15, 2019, the 24th annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held as a satellite conference during the annual Society for Leukocyte Biology meeting in Boston, Massachusetts. The 2019 meeting focused on alcohol, immunity, and organ damage, and included two plenary sessions. The first session highlighted new research exploring the mechanisms of alcohol-induced inflammation and liver disease, including effects on lipidomics and lipophagy, regulatory T cells, epigenetics, epithelial cells, and age-related changes in the gut. The second session covered alcohol-induced injury of other organs, encompassing diverse areas of research ranging from neurodegeneration, to lung barrier function, to colon carcinogenesis, to effects on viral infection. The discussions also highlighted current laboratory and clinical research used to identify biomarkers of alcohol use and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H McMahan
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Majid Afshar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA; Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Angela M Amedee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology and the Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rotonya M Carr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leon G Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Caroline J Herrnreiter
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Sloan L Lewis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Pranoti Mandrekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Niya L Morris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Emory University and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - H Joe Wang
- Division of Metabolism and Health Effects, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Emory University and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Mashkoor A Choudhry
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA; Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Bishehsari F, Moossavi S, Engen PA, Liu X, Zhang Y. Abnormal Food Timing Promotes Alcohol-Associated Dysbiosis and Colon Carcinogenesis Pathways. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1029. [PMID: 32850307 PMCID: PMC7396506 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Identifying cofactor(s) that modulate the effect of alcohol on colon inflammation and carcinogenesis could help risk stratification for CRC. Disruption of circadian rhythm by light/dark shift promotes alcohol-induced colonic inflammation and cancer. More recently, we found that abnormal food timing causes circadian rhythm disruption and promotes alcohol associated colon carcinogenesis. In this study, we examined the interaction of wrong-time feeding (WTF) and alcohol on CRC-related pathways, in relation to changes in microbial community structure. Methods: Polyposis mice (TS4Cre ×cAPC Δ468) underwent four conditions: alcohol or water and feeding during the light (wrong-time fed/WTF) or during the dark (right-time fed). Colonic cecum mucosal gene expression was analyzed by RNA-seq. Microbiota 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing analysis was used to examine colonic feces. Modeling was used to estimate the extent of the gene expression changes that could be related to the changes in the colonic microbial composition. Results: The circadian rhythm pathway was the most altered pathway by the WTF treatment, indicating that WTF is disruptive to the colonic circadian rhythm. Pathway analysis revealed interaction of WTF with alcohol in dysregulating pathways related to colon carcinogenesis. Similarly, the interaction of alcohol and WTF was detected at multiple parameters of the colonic microbiota including α and β diversity, as well as the community structure. Our modeling revealed that almost a third of total gene alterations induced by our treatments could be related to alterations in the abundance of the microbial taxa. Conclusion: These data support the promoting effect of abnormal food timing alcohol-associated CRC-related pathways in the colon and suggest colon dysbiosis as a targetable mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shirin Moossavi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Phillip A. Engen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Bishehsari F, Preuss F, Mirbagheri SS, Zhang L, Shaikh M, Keshavarzian A. Interaction of alcohol with time of eating on markers of circadian dyssynchrony and colon tissue injury. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 325:109132. [PMID: 32437693 PMCID: PMC7315934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol increases the risk of developing colon cancer (CRC), in part via tissue inflammation and impaired barrier integrity. Circadian dyssynchrony (CD) is an understudied but common lifestyle associated factor that increases the risk of multi-organ tissue injury and number of malignancies including CRC. Our prior studies showed that the shift in light-dark cycle exacerbates barrier dysfunction and colonic inflammation in the setting of alcohol treatment, and increases the risk of CRC. Here we studied the interaction of alcohol with an abnormal eating pattern on markers of CD and colonic barrier integrity. METHOD Mice were subjected to day (rest-phase = wrong-time WT) or night-time (active-phase = right-time RT) access to food in combination with access to water or 15% alcohol for total duration of 10 weeks. The food and liquid intake was measured. The locomotor activity data was recorded throughout the study, using a beam-break system. Mice were euthanized at two time points (ZT2 and ZT14). Time variation in the expression of the molecular marker of circadian clock (per2 gene) was measured in the central (hypothalamus) and intestinal (colon) tissue. Colonic protein expression of barrier markers (Occludin and Claudin-1) was studied. RESULTS No significant differences were present in the weight gain and alcohol intake among the groups over the study period. We observed an interaction of WT eating with alcohol on behavioral markers of circadian rhythm. Compared to the RT + Water treated animals ("reference group"), combination of WT eating and alcohol consumption (WT + Alcohol) significantly changed the per2 oscillatory pattern, that was different between the colon and hypothalamus, indicative of worsening circadian dyssynchrony. This was associated with an overall impaired expression of barrier integrity markers in the colon. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol induces circadian dyssynchrony which is worsened by abnormal food timing, associated with impaired barrier integrity in the colon. Future studies on the interaction of alcohol and food timing could provide further insights into alcohol associated CRC pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Fabian Preuss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin Parkside, Kenosha, WI, USA
| | - Seyed Sina Mirbagheri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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11
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Lin TC, Chien WC, Hu JM, Tzeng NS, Chung CH, Pu TW, Hsiao CW, Chen CY. Risk of colorectal cancer in patients with alcoholism: A nationwide, population-based nested case-control study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232740. [PMID: 32396577 PMCID: PMC7217430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is regarded as a multifactorial disease and shares many risk factors with alcoholism. However, the association between alcoholism and CRC remains controversial. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between alcoholism and risk of CRC. METHODS We performed a large-scale, population-based nested case-control study using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2013, derived from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, and collected data from 2000 to 2013. There were 49,095 diagnosed cases of CRC defined according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. Each case was matched with three controls by sex, age, index date of CRC, and annual medical visits; a total of 147,285 controls were identified. Multiple risk factors of CRC in alcoholism cases were investigated using unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Among 49,095 cases of CRC, alcoholism was associated with a significantly higher risk of CRC (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.631; 95% CI, 1.565-1.699) in multivariate logistic regression, after adjusting other CRC risk factors, and in stratified analysis with multivariate logistic regression. In addition, there was a time-dependent relationship between alcoholism duration and CRC risk in >1 year, > 2 years, >5 years, and > 11 years groups (adjusted ORs, 1.875, 2.050, 2.662 and 2.670; 95% CI, 1.788-1.967, 1.948-2.158, 2.498-2.835, and 2.511-2.989 respectively). CONCLUSION An association between alcoholism and risk of CRC was found in this study. Furthermore, patients with longer alcoholism history showed higher likelihood of developing CRC, which indicates a time-dependent relationship between alcoholism exposure and CRC. Further research on colorectal tumorigenesis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chiao Lin
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Je-Ming Hu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ta-Wei Pu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wen Hsiao
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao-Yang Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Baxter M, Ray DW. Circadian rhythms in innate immunity and stress responses. Immunology 2020; 161:261-267. [PMID: 31820826 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are a common feature of life on our planet, allowing physiology and behaviour to be adapted to recurrent environmental fluctuation. There is now compelling evidence that disturbance of circadian coherence can severely undermine mental and physical health, as well as exacerbate pre-existing pathology. Common molecular design principles underpin the generation of cellular circadian rhythms across the kingdoms, and in animals, the genetic components are extremely well conserved. In mammals, the circadian timing mechanism is present in most cell types and establishes local cycles of gene expression and metabolic activity. These distributed tissue clocks are normally synchronized by a central pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), located in the hypothalamus. Nevertheless, most clocks of the body remain responsive to non-SCN-derived hormonal and metabolic cues (for example, re-alignment of liver clocks to altered meal patterning). It has been demonstrated that the clock is an influential regulator of energy metabolism, allowing key pathways to be tuned across the 24-hr cycle as metabolic requirements fluctuate. Furthermore, clock components, including Cryptochrome and Rev-Erb proteins, have been identified as essential modulators of the innate immune system and inflammatory responses. Studies have also revealed that these proteins regulate glucocorticoid receptor function, a major drug target and crucial regulator of inflammation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Baxter
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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13
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Frazier K, Chang EB. Intersection of the Gut Microbiome and Circadian Rhythms in Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:25-36. [PMID: 31677970 PMCID: PMC7308175 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome and circadian rhythms (CRs) both exhibit unique influence on mammalian hosts and have been implicated in the context of many diseases, particularly metabolic disorders. It has become increasingly apparent that these systems also interact closely to alter host physiology and metabolism. However, the mechanisms that underlie these observations remain largely unknown. Recent findings have implicated microbially derived mediators as potential signals between the gut microbiome and host circadian clocks; two specific mediators are discussed in this review: short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs). Key gaps in knowledge and major challenges that remain in the circadian and microbiome fields are also discussed, including animal versus human models and the need for precise timed sample collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Frazier
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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14
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Bishehsari F, Engen PA, Voigt RM, Swanson G, Shaikh M, Wilber S, Naqib A, Green SJ, Shetuni B, Forsyth CB, Saadalla A, Osman A, Hamaker BR, Keshavarzian A, Khazaie K. Abnormal Eating Patterns Cause Circadian Disruption and Promote Alcohol-Associated Colon Carcinogenesis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:219-237. [PMID: 31689559 PMCID: PMC6957855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alcohol intake with circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) increases colon cancer risk. We hypothesized that eating during or around physiologic rest time, a common habit in modern society, causes CRD and investigated the mechanisms by which it promotes alcohol-associated colon carcinogenesis. METHODS The effect of feeding time on CRD was assessed using B6 mice expressing a fusion protein of PERIOD2 and LUCIFERASE (PER2::LUC) were used to model colon polyposis and to assess the effects of feeding schedules, alcohol consumption, and prebiotic treatment on microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acid levels, colon inflammation, and cancer risk. The relationship between butyrate signaling and a proinflammatory profile was assessed by inactivating the butyrate receptor GPR109A. RESULTS Eating at rest (wrong-time eating [WTE]) shifted the phase of the colon rhythm in PER2::LUC mice. In TS4Cre × APClox468 mice, a combination of WTE and alcohol exposure (WTE + alcohol) decreased the levels of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and of butyrate, reduced colonic densities of regulatory T cells, induced a proinflammatory profile characterized by hyperpermeability and an increased mucosal T-helper cell 17/regulatory T cell ratio, and promoted colorectal cancer. Prebiotic treatment improved the mucosal inflammatory profile and attenuated inflammation and cancer. WTE + alcohol-induced polyposis was associated with increased signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 expression. Decreased butyrate signaling activated the epithelial signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in vitro. The relationship between butyrate signaling and a proinflammatory profile was confirmed in human colorectal cancers using The Cancer Genome Atlas. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal timing of food intake caused CRD and interacts with alcohol consumption to promote colon carcinogenesis by inducing a protumorigenic inflammatory profile driven by changes in the colon microbiota and butyrate signaling. Accession number of repository for microbiota sequence data: raw FASTQ data were deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under project PRJNA523141.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Phillip A Engen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Garth Swanson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sherry Wilber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ankur Naqib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Sequencing Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stefan J Green
- Sequencing Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brandon Shetuni
- Northwestern Medicine, Central DuPage Hospital, Winfield, Illinois
| | - Christopher B Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Abu Osman
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Iglesias-Carres L, Mas-Capdevila A, Bravo FI, Arola L, Muguerza B, Arola-Arnal A. Exposure of Fischer 344 rats to distinct photoperiods influences the bioavailability of red grape polyphenols. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 199:111623. [PMID: 31525717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of grapes, rich in polyphenols, have several health effects. These effects are mainly attributed to the polyphenol metabolites generated after their ingestion. Several factors that affects host's physiology can modulate the bioavailability of grape polyphenols and, in turn, their effects. Mammals undergo physiological and metabolic changes due to the different day length (photoperiod) within a year. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate if the bioavailability of phenolic compounds from the same red grapes with a different polyphenol profile (i.e. red grape produced organically (OG) or non-organically (conventional, CG)) differs with the photoperiod exposure. For this, the serum phenolic metabolites of Fischer 344 rats keep at different photoperiods (18, 12 or 6 h of light per day) and administered with OG or CG for 10-week were profiled by HPLC-MS/MS. Our results indicated that rats administered with OG reported a higher total serum metabolite concentration independent of the photoperiod exposure and CG-administered rats showed a more varied serum metabolite profile depending of the photoperiod exposure. Those rats exposed to 6 h of light per day, which emulates winter light conditions, presented a higher bioavailability of grape phenolics. Therefore, grape cultivar and animal photoperiod exposure condition grape phenolics' bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Anna Mas-Capdevila
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - F Isabel Bravo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona 43007, Spain; Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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16
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Bishehsari F, Zhang L, Voigt RM, Maltby N, Semsarieh B, Zorub E, Shaikh M, Wilber S, Armstrong AR, Mirbagheri SS, Preite NZ, Song P, Stornetta A, Balbo S, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A. Alcohol Effects on Colon Epithelium are Time-Dependent. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1898-1908. [PMID: 31237690 PMCID: PMC6722020 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol intake increases the risk of developing colon cancer. Circadian disruption promotes alcohol's effect on colon carcinogenesis through unknown mechanisms. Alcohol's metabolites induce DNA damage, an early step in carcinogenesis. We assessed the effect of time of alcohol consumption on markers of tissue damage in the colonic epithelium. METHODS Mice were treated by alcohol or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), at 4-hour intervals for 3 days, and their colons were analyzed for (i) proliferation (Ki67) and antiapoptosis (Bcl-2) markers, (ii) DNA damage (γ-H2AX), and (iii) the major acetaldehyde (AcH)-DNA adduct, N2 -ethylidene-dG. To model circadian disruption, mice were shifted once weekly for 12 h and then were sacrificed at 4-hour intervals. Samples of mice with a dysfunctional molecular clock were analyzed. The dynamics of DNA damage repair from AcH treatment as well as role of xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A (XPA) in their repair were studied in vitro. RESULTS Proliferation and survival of colonic epithelium have daily rhythmicity. Alcohol induced colonic epithelium proliferation in a time-dependent manner, with a stronger effect during the light/rest period. Alcohol-associated DNA damage also occurred more when alcohol was given at light. Levels of DNA adduct did not vary by time, suggesting rather lower repair efficiency during the light versus dark. XPA gene expression, a key excision repair gene, was time-dependent, peaking at the beginning of the dark. XPA knockout colon epithelial cells were inefficient in repair of the DNA damage induced by alcohol's metabolite. CONCLUSIONS Time of day of alcohol intake may be an important determinant of colon tissue damage and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Robin M. Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Natalie Maltby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Bita Semsarieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Eyas Zorub
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Sherry Wilber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Andrew R Armstrong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Seyed Sina Mirbagheri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Nailliw Z. Preite
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Peter Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Alessia Stornetta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55455
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55455
| | - Christopher B. Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
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17
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Voigt RM, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A. Circadian rhythms: a regulator of gastrointestinal health and dysfunction. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:411-424. [PMID: 30874451 PMCID: PMC6533073 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1595588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate much of gastrointestinal physiology including cell proliferation, motility, digestion, absorption, and electrolyte balance. Disruption of circadian rhythms can have adverse consequences including the promotion of and/or exacerbation of a wide variety of gastrointestinal disorders and diseases. Areas covered: In this review, we evaluate some of the many gastrointestinal functions that are regulated by circadian rhythms and how dysregulation of these functions may contribute to disease. This review also discusses some common gastrointestinal disorders that are known to be influenced by circadian rhythms as well as speculation about the mechanisms by which circadian rhythm disruption promotes dysfunction and disease pathogenesis. We discuss how knowledge of circadian rhythms and the advent of chrono-nutrition, chrono-pharmacology, and chrono-therapeutics might influence clinical practice. Expert opinion: As our knowledge of circadian biology increases, it may be possible to incorporate strategies that take advantage of circadian rhythms and chronotherapy to prevent and/or treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Voigt
- Rush Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher B Forsyth
- Rush Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Rush Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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Parkar SG, Kalsbeek A, Cheeseman JF. Potential Role for the Gut Microbiota in Modulating Host Circadian Rhythms and Metabolic Health. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7020041. [PMID: 30709031 PMCID: PMC6406615 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the current evidence associating gut microbiota with factors that impact host circadian-metabolic axis, such as light/dark cycles, sleep/wake cycles, diet, and eating patterns. We examine how gut bacteria possess their own daily rhythmicity in terms of composition, their localization to intestinal niches, and functions. We review evidence that gut bacteria modulate host rhythms via microbial metabolites such as butyrate, polyphenolic derivatives, vitamins, and amines. Lifestyle stressors such as altered sleep and eating patterns that may disturb the host circadian system also influence the gut microbiome. The consequent disruptions to microbiota-mediated functions such as decreased conjugation of bile acids or increased production of hydrogen sulfide and the resultant decreased production of butyrate, in turn affect substrate oxidation and energy regulation in the host. Thus, disturbances in microbiome rhythms may at least partially contribute to an increased risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome associated with insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment. Good sleep and a healthy diet appear to be essential for maintaining gut microbial balance. Manipulating daily rhythms of gut microbial abundance and activity may therefore hold promise for a chrononutrition-based approach to consolidate host circadian rhythms and metabolic homeorhesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi G Parkar
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - James F Cheeseman
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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19
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Hod K, Dekel R, Aviv Cohen N, Sperber A, Ron Y, Boaz M, Berliner S, Maharshak N. The effect of a multispecies probiotic on microbiota composition in a clinical trial of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13456. [PMID: 30136337 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although probiotics are increasingly used in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), their mechanism of action has not been elucidated sufficiently. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a multispecies probiotic on enteric microbiota composition in women with diarrhea-predominant-IBS (IBS-D) and to determine whether these effects are associated with changes in IBS symptoms or inflammatory markers. METHODS In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Rome III IBS-D women completed a two-week run-in period and eligible women were assigned at random to a probiotic capsule (BIO-25) or an indistinguishable placebo, twice daily for 8 weeks. IBS symptoms and stool consistency were rated daily by visual analogue scales and the Bristol stool scale. High sensitivity C-reactive protein, fecal calprotectin and microbial composition were tested at baseline and at 4 and 8 weeks. Microbial sequencing of the 16S rRNA was performed and data were analyzed to compare patients who responded to treatment with those who did not. KEY RESULTS 172 IBS-D patients were recruited and 107 eligible patients were allocated to the intervention (n = 54) or placebo (n = 53) group. Compared to placebo, BIO-25 did not result in changes in microbial diversity or taxa proportions, except for higher relative proportions of Lactobacillus in the BIO-25 group (P = 0.002). Symptomatic responders to BIO-25 showed a reduction in the proportion of Bilophila(P = 0.003) posttreatment. Patients with beneficial inflammatory-marker changes had higher baseline proportions of Faecalibacterium(P = 0.03), Leuconostoc (P = 0.03), and Odoribacter (P = 0.05) compared to corresponding non-responders. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Identifying patients with a more amenable microbiome at treatment initiation may result in better treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Hod
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Research Division, Epidemiology Service, Assuta Medical Centers, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy Dekel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Isreal
| | - Nathaniel Aviv Cohen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Isreal
| | - Ami Sperber
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yishai Ron
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Isreal
| | - Mona Boaz
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Shlomo Berliner
- Department of Medicine E, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nitsan Maharshak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Isreal
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Rossi M, Mirbagheri SEYEDS, Keshavarzian A, Bishehsari F. Nutraceuticals in colorectal cancer: A mechanistic approach. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:396-402. [PMID: 29935172 PMCID: PMC6063737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers in the world. Even though screening, surgery and oncology have greatly advanced, CRC is still one of the leading causes of cancer deaths, with 700,000 annual mortalities in both men and women. Environmental and lifestyle factors brought up by industrialization, such as an altered diet, lack of physical activity, increase in alcohol consumption, and circadian disruption, have greatly affected the burden of CRC. These factors increase the CRC risk, at least partly, by pathologically altering the colonic environment, including composition of the gut microbiota, referred to as dysbiosis. Colonic dysbiosis can promote pro-carcinogenic immune signaling cascades, leading to pro-tumorigenic inflammation, carcinogen production, and altered cellular responses in susceptible host resulting to development and/or progression of CRC. Nutraceuticals such as prebiotic molecules and probiotic bacterial species can help maintain intestinal microbial homeostasis and thus mitigate this pathological processes. Therefore, prebiotics and probiotics can hinder the effects of dysbiosis by encouraging anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory immunity, the maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier, pro-apoptotic mechanisms, and carcinogen inactivation. In addition to its implications in preventing CRC, because of the mechanisms affected, nutraceuticals are being discovered as potential adjuncts to immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of CRC. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential implications of prebiotics and probiotics in the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - S E Y E D Sina Mirbagheri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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21
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Hillemacher T, Bachmann O, Kahl KG, Frieling H. Alcohol, microbiome, and their effect on psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 85:105-115. [PMID: 29705711 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that alcohol consumption and especially alcohol withdrawal increase brain levels of known innate immune signaling molecules and cause neuroinflammation. It has been shown that microbiota play a pivotal role in this process and affect central neurochemistry and behavior. Disruption of or alterations in the intimate cross-talk between microbiome and brain may be a significant factor in many psychiatric disorders. Alterations in the composition of the microbiome, so called dysbiosis, may result in detrimental distortion of microbe-host homeostasis modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. A variety of pathologies are associated with changes in the community structure and function of the gut microbiota, suggesting a link between dysbiosis and disease etiology, including irritable bowel syndrome depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and alcoholism. Despite a paucity of clinical studies in alcohol-dependent humans, emerging data suggests that alcohol induced alterations of the microbiome may explain reward-seeking behaviors as well as anxiety, depression, and craving in withdrawal and increase the risk of developing psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hillemacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany
| | - Oliver Bachmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai G Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany
| | - Helge Frieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany.
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22
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Farré N, Gozal D. Sleep and the Microbiome: A Two-Way Relationship. Arch Bronconeumol 2018; 55:7-8. [PMID: 29801675 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Farré
- Heart Failure Programme, Department of Cardiology, Hospital del Mar, Heart Diseases Biomedical Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - David Gozal
- Sections of Pediatric Sleep Medicine and Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, Estados Unidos.
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23
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The TLR9 agonist MGN1703 triggers a potent type I interferon response in the sigmoid colon. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:449-461. [PMID: 28766555 PMCID: PMC5796873 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists are being developed for treatment of colorectal and other cancers, yet the impact of these drugs on human intestines remains unknown. This, together with the fact that there are additional potential indications for TLR9 agonist therapy (e.g., autoimmune and infectious diseases), led us to investigate the impact of MGN1703 (Lefitolimod) on intestinal homeostasis and viral persistence in HIV-positive individuals. Colonic sigmoid biopsies were collected (baseline and week four) from 11 HIV+ individuals on suppressive antiretroviral therapy, who received MGN1703 (60 mg s.c.) twice weekly for 4 weeks in a single-arm, phase 1b/2a study. Within sigmoid mucosa, global transcriptomic analyses revealed 248 modulated genes (false discovery rate<0.05) including many type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes. MGN1703 increased the frequencies of cells exhibiting MX1 (P=0.001) and ISG15 (P=0.014) protein expression. No changes were observed in neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase; P=0.97). No systematic effect on fecal microbiota structure was observed (analysis of similarity Global R=-0.105; P=0.929). TLR9 expression at baseline was inversely proportional to the change in integrated HIV DNA during MGN1703 treatment (P=0.020). In conclusion, MGN1703 induced a potent type I IFN response, without a concomitant general inflammatory response, in the intestines.
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24
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Bishehsari F, Engen PA, Preite NZ, Tuncil YE, Naqib A, Shaikh M, Rossi M, Wilber S, Green SJ, Hamaker BR, Khazaie K, Voigt RM, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A. Dietary Fiber Treatment Corrects the Composition of Gut Microbiota, Promotes SCFA Production, and Suppresses Colon Carcinogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9020102. [PMID: 29462896 PMCID: PMC5852598 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies propose a protective role for dietary fiber in colon cancer (CRC). One possible mechanism of fiber is its fermentation property in the gut and ability to change microbiota composition and function. Here, we investigate the role of a dietary fiber mixture in polyposis and elucidate potential mechanisms using TS4Cre × cAPCl°x468 mice. Stool microbiota profiling was performed, while functional prediction was done using PICRUSt. Stool short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites were measured. Histone acetylation and expression of SCFA butyrate receptor were assessed. We found that SCFA-producing bacteria were lower in the polyposis mice, suggesting a decline in the fermentation product of dietary fibers with polyposis. Next, a high fiber diet was given to polyposis mice, which significantly increased SCFA-producing bacteria as well as SCFA levels. This was associated with an increase in SCFA butyrate receptor and a significant decrease in polyposis. In conclusion, we found polyposis to be associated with dysbiotic microbiota characterized by a decline in SCFA-producing bacteria, which was targetable by high fiber treatment, leading to an increase in SCFA levels and amelioration of polyposis. The prebiotic activity of fiber, promoting beneficial bacteria, could be the key mechanism for the protective effects of fiber on colon carcinogenesis. SCFA-promoting fermentable fibers are a promising dietary intervention to prevent CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Phillip A Engen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Nailliw Z Preite
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Yunus E Tuncil
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA.
| | - Ankur Naqib
- DNA Services Facility, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Sherry Wilber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Stefan J Green
- DNA Services Facility, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA.
| | - Khashayarsha Khazaie
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Christopher B Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.
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25
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Rossi M, Jahanzaib Anwar M, Usman A, Keshavarzian A, Bishehsari F. Colorectal Cancer and Alcohol Consumption-Populations to Molecules. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E38. [PMID: 29385712 PMCID: PMC5836070 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, being the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women in the world. Several environmental and habitual factors have been associated with the CRC risk. Alcohol intake, a common and rising habit of modern society, is one of the major risk factors for development of CRC. Here, we will summarize the evidence linking alcohol with colon carcinogenesis and possible underlying mechanisms. Some epidemiologic studies suggest that even moderate drinking increases the CRC risk. Metabolism of alcohol involves ethanol conversion to its metabolites that could exert carcinogenic effects in the colon. Production of ethanol metabolites can be affected by the colon microbiota, another recently recognized mediating factor to colon carcinogenesis. The generation of acetaldehyde and alcohol's other metabolites leads to activation of cancer promoting cascades, such as DNA-adduct formation, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, epigenetic alterations, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune modulatory effects. Not only does alcohol induce its toxic effect through carcinogenic metabolites, but alcoholics themselves are predisposed to a poor diet, low in folate and fiber, and circadian disruption, which could further augment alcohol-induced colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rossi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Muhammad Jahanzaib Anwar
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Ahmad Usman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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26
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Farré N, Torres M, Gozal D, Farré R. Sleep and Circadian Alterations and the Gut Microbiome: Associations or Causality? CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-018-0100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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De Nobrega AK, Lyons LC. Drosophila: An Emergent Model for Delineating Interactions between the Circadian Clock and Drugs of Abuse. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:4723836. [PMID: 29391952 PMCID: PMC5748135 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4723836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous circadian oscillators orchestrate rhythms at the cellular, physiological, and behavioral levels across species to coordinate activity, for example, sleep/wake cycles, metabolism, and learning and memory, with predictable environmental cycles. The 21st century has seen a dramatic rise in the incidence of circadian and sleep disorders with globalization, technological advances, and the use of personal electronics. The circadian clock modulates alcohol- and drug-induced behaviors with circadian misalignment contributing to increased substance use and abuse. Invertebrate models, such as Drosophila melanogaster, have proven invaluable for the identification of genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying highly conserved processes including the circadian clock, drug tolerance, and reward systems. In this review, we highlight the contributions of Drosophila as a model system for understanding the bidirectional interactions between the circadian system and the drugs of abuse, alcohol and cocaine, and illustrate the highly conserved nature of these interactions between Drosophila and mammalian systems. Research in Drosophila provides mechanistic insights into the corresponding behaviors in higher organisms and can be used as a guide for targeted inquiries in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K. De Nobrega
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Lisa C. Lyons
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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28
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Konstantinov SR. Diet, microbiome, and colorectal cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 31:675-681. [PMID: 29566911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The scientific interests in the colorectal cancer (CRC) associated microbiome have increased significantly in the past decade. Mechanistically, several members of the human microbiome and products thereof have been implicated as inductors of the pathogenic inflammation related to CRC. Conversely, the activities of the human intestinal microbial community influenced by specific diet might confer a protective effect against the CRC risks and progression. As the microbiome is both a key contributor and one of the tools to prevent CRC, the current review gives a summary of the CRC-associated microbiome and the dietary strategies relevant to CRC. As more evidences become available, new microbiome-based treatments and specific diets may emerge to reduce the CRC risk and improve CRC patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey R Konstantinov
- Department of Gasteroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, 's Gravendijkwal 230, NL-3015, CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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