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Ren Y, Zhao X. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal lncRNA GAS5 mitigates heart failure by inhibiting UL3/Hippo pathway-mediated ferroptosis. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:303. [PMID: 38812041 PMCID: PMC11137962 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes (Exos) are involved in the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on heart failure (HF). We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of BMSC-Exos in ferroptosis on HF. METHODS A rat model of HF and cellular model of hypoxia were established. BMSC-Exos were injected into model rats or co-cultured with model cells. In model rats, the cardiac function (echocardiography), oxidative stress (commercial kits), pathological damage (HE staining), fibrosis (MASSON staining), iron deposition (Prussian blue staining), and cell apoptosis (TUNEL staining) were examined. Viability (cell counting kit-8; CCK-8), cell cycle (flow cytometry), oxidative stress, and Fe2+ levels were detected in the model cells. GAS5, UL3, YAP, and TAZ expression were detected using qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry analyses. RESULTS BMSC-Exos restored cardiac function and inhibited oxidative stress, apoptosis, pathological damage, fibrosis, and iron deposition in myocardial tissues of HF rats. In hypoxic cells, BMSC-Exos increased cell viability, decreased the number of G1 phase cells, decreased Fe2+ levels, and inhibited oxidative stress. Ferrostatin-1 (a ferroptosis inhibitor) exhibited a synergistic effect with BMSC-Exos. Additionally, GAS5 was upregulated in BMSC-Exos, further upregulating its target UL3 and Hippo pathway effectors (YAP and TAZ). The relieving effects of BMSC-Exos on HF or hypoxia-induced injury were enhanced by GAS5 overexpression, but weakened by UL3 silencing or verteporfin (a YAP inhibitor). CONCLUSIONS GAS5-harbouring BMSC-Exos inhibited ferroptosis by regulating the UL3/Hippo pathway, contributing to HF remission in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ren
- Department of Scientific Research, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017, China
| | - Xingsheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, No.20 Zhao Wuda Road, Hohhot, 010017, China.
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Alsharif ST, Gardouh AM, Mandour MF, Alaqais ZM, Alharbi LK, Almarwani MJ, Mokhtar HI, Hisham FA, Abdellah MM, Mohamed GM, Shorog EM, Almaeen AH, Atteia HH, Zaitone SA. Antitumor activity and targeting p53-PUMA mRNA expression by 5-flurouracil PLGA-lipid polymeric nanoparticles in mouse mammary carcinomas: comparison to free 5-flurouracil. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:385-397. [PMID: 38083807 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2294083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PNPs)-based therapy are powerful carriers for various therapeutic agents. This study was conducted to evaluate the chemotherapeutic potential of free 5-flurouracil (5FU) and synthetized 5FU-PNPs and impact on p53-dependent apoptosis in mammary carcinomas (MCs) grown in mice. Breast cancer cells were injected in Swiss albino female mice and 2 bilateral masses of MC were confirmed after one week. Mice were distributed to five experimental groups; Group 1: MC control group. Groups 2 and 3: MC + free 5FU [5 or 10 mg per kg] groups. Groups 4 and 5: synthetized MC+ 5FU-PNPs [5 or 10 mg per kg] groups. Medications were administered orally, twice weekly for 3 weeks. Then, tumors were dissected, and sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) while the other MC was used for measuring of cell death and inflammatory markers. Treatment with 5FU-PNPs suppressed the MC masses and pathologic scores based on HE-staining. Similarly, greater proapoptotic activity was recorded in 5FU-PNPs groups compared to free 5FU groups as shown by significant upregulation in tumoral p53 immunostaining. The current results encourage the utility of PNPs for improving the antitumor effect of 5FU. The chemotherapeutic potential was mediated through enhancement of tumoral p53-mediated p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) genes. Additional studies are warranted for testing the antitumor activity of this preparation in other mouse models of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara T Alsharif
- PharmD program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Gardouh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohamed F Mandour
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Zood M Alaqais
- PharmD program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama K Alharbi
- PharmD program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha J Almarwani
- PharmD program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem I Mokhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Kantara Branch, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Fatma Azzahraa Hisham
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Abdellah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Ghena M Mohamed
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, College of Home Economics, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M Shorog
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hebatallah H Atteia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Lv Y, Wu M, Wang Z, Wang J. Ferroptosis: From regulation of lipid peroxidation to the treatment of diseases. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:827-851. [PMID: 36459356 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death mainly manifested by iron-dependent lipid peroxide accumulation. The leading cause of ferroptosis is the imbalance of intracellular oxidative systems (e.g., LOXs, POR, ROS) and antioxidant systems (e.g., GSH/GPx4, CoQ10/FSP1, BH4/GCH1), which is regulated by a complex network. In the past decade, this metabolic network has been continuously refined, and the links with various pathophysiological processes have been gradually established. Apoptosis has been regarded as the only form of regulated cell death for a long time, and the application of chemotherapeutic drugs to induce apoptosis of cancer cells is the mainstream method. However, studies have reported that cancer cells' key features are resistance to apoptosis and chemotherapeutics. For high proliferation, cancer cells often have very active lipid metabolism and iron metabolism, which pave the way for ferroptosis. Interestingly, researchers found that drug-resistant or highly aggressive cancer cells are more prone to ferroptosis. Therefore, ferroptosis may be a potential strategy to eliminate cancer cells. In addition, links between ferroptosis and other diseases, such as neurological disorders and ischemia-reperfusion injury, have also been found. Understanding these diseases from the perspective of ferroptosis may provide new insights into clinical treatment. Herein, the metabolic processes in ferroptosis are reviewed, and the potential mechanisms and targets of ferroptosis in different diseases are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Meiying Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
| | - Junqing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Gan Y, Deng J, Hao Q, Huang Y, Han T, Xu JG, Zhao M, Yao L, Xu Y, Xiong J, Lu H, Wang C, Chen J, Zhou X. UTP11 deficiency suppresses cancer development via nucleolar stress and ferroptosis. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102705. [PMID: 37087976 PMCID: PMC10149416 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic ribosome is essential for cancer cell survival. Perturbation of ribosome biogenesis induces nucleolar stress or ribosomal stress, which restrains cancer growth, as rapidly proliferating cancer cells need more active ribosome biogenesis. In this study, we found that UTP11 plays an important role in the biosynthesis of 18S ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) by binding to the pre-rRNA processing factor, MPP10. UTP11 is overexpressed in human cancers and associated with poor prognoses. Interestingly, depletion of UTP11 inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo through p53-depedednt and -independent mechanisms, whereas UTP11 overexpression promotes cancer cell growth and progression. On the one hand, the ablation of UTP11 impedes 18S rRNA biosynthesis to trigger nucleolar stress, thereby preventing MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation through ribosomal proteins, RPL5 and RPL11. On the other hand, UTP11 deficiency represses the expression of SLC7A11 by promoting the decay of NRF2 mRNA, resulting in reduced levels of glutathione (GSH) and enhanced ferroptosis. Altogether, our study uncovers a critical role for UTP11 in maintaining cancer cell survival and growth, as depleting UTP11 leads to p53-dependent cancer cell growth arrest and p53-independent ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingdan Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tao Han
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jin-Guo Xu
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, 4558, Australia
| | - Litong Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jiaxiang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Othman AM, Abdel-Rahman N, Denewer M, Eissa LA. Sinapic acid and 3,3′-diindolylmethane potentiate cyclophosphamide antitumor activity through induction of apoptosis and inhibition of metastasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110074. [PMID: 36989898 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM New therapeutic strategies are required to enhance the anticancer efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs and to reduce their cytotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-tumor, antimetastatic and anti-apoptotic activities of sinapic acid (SA) and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) in solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) induced in mice and combining SA or DIM compounds with cyclophosphamide (CYP). METHODS For induction of solid tumor, the right hind limbs of mice were inoculated subcutaneously with Ehrlich carcinoma cells. After 5 days of tumor inoculation, mice were treated with SA (56 mg/kg), DIM (40 mg/kg), CYP (10 mg/kg), and their combinations (SA/CYP) and (SA/DIM) for 21 days. The mRNA levels of Elabela, Serpina3, caspase-3, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were assessed by qPCR. Tumor and liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examination. Serum was investigated for ALT and AST activities. MAIN FINDINGS Treatment of SEC mice with SA and DIM significantly reduced solid tumor weight by 45.6% and 33.2%, respectively. They also reduced tumor size and increased life span of SEC mice. SA and DIM diminished area of metastatic nodules of tumor cells in the liver by 54.1% and 47.4%, respectively. They also reduced serum aminotransferases activities. Both SA and DIM were found to upregulate caspase 3 and downregulate MMP-2 and MMP-9. Furthermore, SA and DIM reduced gene expression of Elabela by (44.8% and 35.1%) and Serpina3 by (30.7% and 23.5%), respectively. SA and DIM were also shown to potentiate the anti-tumor activity CYP. SA and DIM showed promising antitumor effects and enhanced CYP antitumor activity mostly through upregulation of apoptotic caspase 3 and suppressing metastatic enzymes MMP-2 and MMP-9. Additionally, SA and DIM exhibited a hepatoprotective effect. Our results suggest that these natural compounds may be used to improve the efficacy and reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of solid malignancies.
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Antitumor Effect of Cycloastragenol in Colon Cancer Cells via p53 Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315213. [PMID: 36499536 PMCID: PMC9737126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer cell (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer in the world. There are several chemotherapy drugs available for its treatment, though they have side effects. Cycloastragenol (CY) is a compound from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge known to be effective in aging, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-heart failure treatments. Although many studies have demonstrated the functions of CY in cancer cells, no studies have shown the effects of p53 in colon cancer cells. In this study, we found that CY reduces the viability of colon cancer cells in p53 wild-type cells compared to p53 null cells and HT29. Furthermore, CY induces apoptosis by p53 activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. And it was confirmed that it affects the L5 gene related to p53. Additionally, CY enhanced p53 expression compared to when either doxorubicin or 5-FU was used alone. Altogether, our findings suggest that CY induces apoptosis via p53 activation and inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells. In addition, apoptosis occurs in colon cancer cells due to other factors. Moreover, CY is expected to have a combined effect when used together with existing treatments for colon cancer in the future.
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7
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Yang M, Zhang Q, Ge YZ, Tang M, Hu CL, Wang ZW, Zhang X, Song MM, Ruan GT, Zhang XW, Liu T, Xie HL, Zhang HY, Zhang KP, Li QQ, Li XR, Liu XY, Lin SQ, Shi HP. Prognostic Roles of Glucose to Lymphocyte Ratio and Modified Glasgow Prognosis Score in Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Nutr 2022; 9:871301. [PMID: 35619963 PMCID: PMC9127733 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.871301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is among the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Previous studies have shown that the status of inflammation, nutrition and immune are closely related to overall survival (OS) of patients with NSCLC, but little is known about their interactive and combined roles. Hence, we chose glucose to lymphocyte ratio (GLR) and modified Glasgow Prognosis Score (mGPS) as prognostic factors and assessed the prognostic values of them for patients with NSCLC. Methods Baseline clinicopathologic and laboratory characteristics of 862 patients with NSCLC were obtained from a multicenter prospective cohort. The Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to determine prognostic values of the clinical factors. A nomogram was also constructed integrating the clinical factors with clinical significance or independent prognostic values. Concordance index (C-index) was utilized to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the TNM stage and the nomogram. Results Multivariate analyses demonstrated that GLR [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.029, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.004–1.056, P = 0.023] and mGPS (score of 1: HR = 1.404, 95% CI = 1.143–1.726, P = 0.001; score of 2: HR = 1.515, 95% CI = 1.159–1.980, P = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors for patients with NSCLC. The C-indexes of the TNM stage and the nomogram were 0.642 (95% CI = 0.620–0.663) and 0.694 (95% CI = 0.671–0.717), respectively. Conclusion GLR and mGPS were independent prognostic factors for patients with NSCLC. Moreover, our constructed nomogram might be superior in predicting prognosis of patients with NSCLC compared with the TNM stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Zhong Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Lei Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Wen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Meng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Tian Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Lun Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - He-Yang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Kang-Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Qin-Qin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Rui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Qi Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Han-Ping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery / Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
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Emerging role of ferroptosis in breast cancer: New dawn for overcoming tumor progression. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107992. [PMID: 34606782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become a serious threat to women's health. Cancer progression is mainly derived from resistance to apoptosis induced by procedures or therapies. Therefore, new drugs or models that can overcome apoptosis resistance should be identified. Ferroptosis is a recently identified mode of cell death characterized by excess reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation. Since ferroptosis is distinct from apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, its induction successfully eliminates cancer cells that are resistant to other modes of cell death. Therefore, ferroptosis may become a new direction around which to design breast cancer treatment. Unfortunately, the complete appearance of ferroptosis in breast cancer has not yet been fully elucidated. Furthermore, whether ferroptosis inducers can be used in combination with traditional anti- breast cancer drugs is still unknown. Moreover, a summary of ferroptosis in breast cancer progression and therapy is currently not available. In this review, we discuss the roles of ferroptosis-associated modulators glutathione, glutathione peroxidase 4, iron, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2, superoxide dismutases, lipoxygenase and coenzyme Q in breast cancer. Furthermore, we provide evidence that traditional drugs against breast cancer induce ferroptosis, and that ferroptosis inducers eliminate breast cancer cells. Finally, we put forward prospect of using ferroptosis inducers in breast cancer therapy, and predict possible obstacles and corresponding solutions. This review will deepen our understanding of the relationship between ferroptosis and breast cancer, and provide new insights into breast cancer-related therapeutic strategies.
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Apigenin enhances apoptosis induction by 5-fluorouracil through regulation of thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer cells. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102144. [PMID: 34562873 PMCID: PMC8476449 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although effective drugs have been developed, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) shows low therapeutic sensitivity resulting from the development of 5-FU resistance. Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target protein of 5-FU, and elevated TS lowers the 5-FU sensitivity of CRC cells. Here, we tested the efficacy of several candidate phytochemicals against human CRC-derived HCT116 cells expressing wild-type tumor suppressor protein P53 and HT29 cells expressing mutant P53. Among them, we found that apigenin enhanced the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on cell viability. In addition, apigenin inhibited the upregulation of TS induced by 5-FU. Apigenin also potentiated 5-FU-induced apoptosis of HCT116 cells and enhanced cell cycle disruption. Furthermore, apigenin increased reactive oxygen species production, intracellular and intramitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations, and mitochondrial membrane potential upon cotreatment with 5-FU. Knockdown of forkhead box protein M, a transcription factor modulating 5-FU sensitivity, enhanced the potentiation of apoptosis by apigenin in HCT116 cells. Moreover, apigenin suppressed TS expression and inhibited the viability of 5-FU-resistant HCT116 cells. Therefore, apigenin may improve the therapeutic efficacy of 5-FU against CRC by suppressing TS, but apoptosis induction is mainly dependent on functional P53. Apigenin inhibits the upregulation of TS induced by 5-FU for apoptosis of CRC. FOXM1 silencing enhances the potentiation of apoptosis by apigenin. Suppressing TS and promoting P53 activity by apigenin reduce acquired 5-FU resistance.
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Virgilio A, Benigno D, Pecoraro A, Russo A, Russo G, Esposito V, Galeone A. Exploring New Potential Anticancer Activities of the G-Quadruplexes Formed by [(GTG 2T(G 3T) 3] and Its Derivatives with an Abasic Site Replacing Single Thymidine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137040. [PMID: 34208896 PMCID: PMC8268168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report our investigations on five T30175 analogues, prepared by replacing sequence thymidines with abasic sites (S) one at a time, in comparison to their natural counterpart in order to evaluate their antiproliferative potential and the involvement of the residues not belonging to the central core of stacked guanosines in biological activity. The collected NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), CD (Circular Dichroism), and PAGE (Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) data strongly suggest that all of them adopt G-quadruplex (G4) structures strictly similar to that of the parent aptamer with the ability to fold into a dimeric structure composed of two identical G-quadruplexes, each characterized by parallel strands, three all-anti-G-tetrads and four one-thymidine loops (one bulge and three propeller loops). Furthermore, their antiproliferative (MTT assay) and anti-motility (wound healing assay) properties against lung and colorectal cancer cells were tested. Although all of the oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) investigated here exhibited anti-proliferative activity, the unmodified T30175 aptamer showed the greatest effect on cell growth, suggesting that both its characteristic folding in dimeric form and its presence in the sequence of all thymidines are crucial elements for antiproliferative activity. This straightforward approach is suitable for understanding the critical requirements of the G-quadruplex structures that affect antiproliferative potential and suggests its application as a starting point to facilitate the reasonable development of G-quadruplexes with improved anticancer properties.
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11
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Ribosome Biogenesis and Cancer: Overview on Ribosomal Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115496. [PMID: 34071057 PMCID: PMC8197113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic ribosomes (cytoribosomes) are macromolecular ribonucleoprotein complexes that are assembled from ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins, which are essential for protein biosynthesis. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) perform translation of the proteins essential for the oxidative phosphorylation system. The biogenesis of cytoribosomes and mitoribosomes includes ribosomal RNA processing, modification and binding to ribosomal proteins and is assisted by numerous biogenesis factors. This is a major energy-consuming process in the cell and, therefore, is highly coordinated and sensitive to several cellular stressors. In mitochondria, the regulation of mitoribosome biogenesis is essential for cellular respiration, a process linked to cell growth and proliferation. This review briefly overviews the key stages of cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis; summarizes the main steps of ribosome biogenesis alterations occurring during tumorigenesis, highlighting the changes in the expression level of cytosolic ribosomal proteins (CRPs) and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) in different types of tumors; focuses on the currently available information regarding the extra-ribosomal functions of CRPs and MRPs correlated to cancer; and discusses the role of CRPs and MRPs as biomarkers and/or molecular targets in cancer treatment.
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12
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Saviano F, Lovato T, Russo A, Russo G, Bouton CR, Shattock RJ, Alexander C, Quaglia F, Blakney AK, Gurnani P, Conte C. Ornithine-derived oligomers and dendrimers for in vitro delivery of DNA and ex vivo transfection of skin cells via saRNA. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:4940-4949. [PMID: 32463058 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00942c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapies are undergoing a renaissance, primarily due to their potential for applications in vaccination for infectious diseases and cancers. Although the biology of these technologies is rapidly evolving, delivery strategies need to be improved to overcome the poor pharmacokinetics and cellular transport of nucleic acids whilst maintaining patient safety. In this work, we describe the divergent synthesis of biodegradable cationic dendrimers based on the amino acid ornithine as non-viral gene delivery vectors and evaluate their potential as delivery vectors for DNA and RNA. The dendrimers effectively complexed model nucleic acids at lower N/P ratios than polyethyleneimine and outperformed it in DNA transfection experiments with ratios above 5. Remarkably, all dendrimer polyplexes at N/P = 2 achieved up to 7-fold higher protein content over an optimized PEI formulation when used for transfections with self-amplifying RNA (saRNA). Finally, transfection studies utilizing human skin explants revealed an increase of cells producing protein from 2% with RNA alone to 12% with dendrimer polyplexes, attributed to expression enrichment predominantly in epithelial cells, fibroblasts and leukocytes, with minor enrichment in NK cells, T cells, monocytes, and B cells. Overall, this study indicates the clear potential of ornithine dendrimers as safe and effective delivery vectors for both DNA and RNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saviano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Tatiana Lovato
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Annapina Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giulia Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Clément R Bouton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK.
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK.
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Fabiana Quaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Anna K Blakney
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK.
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Claudia Conte
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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13
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Bury M, Le Calvé B, Ferbeyre G, Blank V, Lessard F. New Insights into CDK Regulators: Novel Opportunities for Cancer Therapy. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:331-344. [PMID: 33676803 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclins and their catalytic partners, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), control the transition between different phases of the cell cycle. CDK/cyclin activity is regulated by CDK inhibitors (CKIs), currently comprising the CDK-interacting protein/kinase inhibitory protein (CIP/KIP) family and the inhibitor of kinase (INK) family. Recent studies have identified a third group of CKIs, called ribosomal protein-inhibiting CDKs (RPICs). RPICs were discovered in the context of cellular senescence, a stable cell cycle arrest with tumor-suppressing abilities. RPICs accumulate in the nonribosomal fraction of senescent cells due to a decrease in rRNA biogenesis. Accordingly, RPICs are often downregulated in human cancers together with other ribosomal proteins, the tumor-suppressor functions of which are still under study. In this review, we discuss unique therapies that have been developed to target CDK activity in the context of cancer treatment or senescence-associated pathologies, providing novel tools for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bury
- De Duve Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Volker Blank
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - Frédéric Lessard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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14
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Virgilio A, Esposito V, Pecoraro A, Russo A, Vellecco V, Pepe A, Bucci M, Russo G, Galeone A. Structural properties and anticoagulant/cytotoxic activities of heterochiral enantiomeric thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) derivatives. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 48:12556-12565. [PMID: 33270863 PMCID: PMC7736819 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) possesses promising antiproliferative properties. However, its development as an anticancer agent is drastically impaired by its concomitant anticoagulant activity. Therefore, suitable chemical modifications in the TBA sequence would be required in order to preserve its antiproliferative over anticoagulant activity. In this paper, we report structural investigations, based on circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and biological evaluation of four pairs of enantiomeric heterochiral TBA analogues. The four TBA derivatives of the d-series are composed by d-residues except for one l-thymidine in the small TT loops, while their four enantiomers are composed by l-residues except for one d-thymidine in the same TT loop region. Apart from the left-handedness for the l-series TBA derivatives, CD and NMR measurements have shown that all TBA analogues are able to adopt the antiparallel, monomolecular, ‘chair-like’ G-quadruplex structure characteristic of the natural D-TBA. However, although all eight TBA derivatives are endowed with remarkable cytotoxic activities against colon and lung cancer cell lines, only TBA derivatives of the l-series show no anticoagulant activity and are considerably resistant in biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Virgilio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pecoraro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annapina Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Vellecco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Pepe
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Bucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Galeone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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15
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S-Adenosyl-l-Methionine Overcomes uL3-Mediated Drug Resistance in p53 Deleted Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010103. [PMID: 33374288 PMCID: PMC7795960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In order to study novel therapeutic approaches taking advantage of natural compounds showing anticancer and anti-proliferative effects, we focused our interest on S-adenosyl-l-methionine, a naturally occurring sulfur-containing nucleoside synthesized from adenosine triphosphate and methionine by methionine adenosyltransferase, and its potential in overcoming drug resistance in colon cancer cells devoid of p53. Results: In the present study, we demonstrated that S-adenosyl-l-methionine overcomes uL3-mediated drug resistance in p53 deleted colon cancer cells. In particular, we demonstrated that S-adenosyl-l-methionine causes cell cycle arrest at the S phase; inhibits autophagy; augments reactive oxygen species; and induces apoptosis in these cancer cells. Conclusions: Results reported in this paper led us to propose S-adenosyl-l-methionine as a potential promising agent for cancer therapy by examining p53 and uL3 profiles in tumors to yield a better clinical outcomes.
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16
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Pecoraro A, Pagano M, Russo G, Russo A. Role of Autophagy in Cancer Cell Response to Nucleolar and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197334. [PMID: 33020404 PMCID: PMC7582989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are exposed to many internal and external stimuli that affect their fate. In particular, the exposure to some of these stimuli induces stress triggering a variety of stress responses aimed to re-establish cellular homeostasis. It is now established that the deregulation of stress response pathways plays a central role in cancer initiation and progression, allowing the adaptation of cells to an altered state in the new environment. Autophagy is a tightly regulated pathway which exerts “housekeeping” role in physiological processes. Recently, a growing amount of evidence highlighted the crucial role of autophagy in the regulation of integrated stress responses, including nucleolar and endoplasmic reticulum. In this review, we attempt to afford an overview of the complex role of nucleolar and endoplasmic reticulum stress-response mechanisms in the regulation of autophagy in cancer and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulia Russo
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (A.R.); Tel.: +39-081-678415 (G.R.); +39-081-678414 (A.R.)
| | - Annapina Russo
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (A.R.); Tel.: +39-081-678415 (G.R.); +39-081-678414 (A.R.)
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17
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Lin W, Wang C, Liu G, Bi C, Wang X, Zhou Q, Jin H. SLC7A11/xCT in cancer: biological functions and therapeutic implications. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3106-3126. [PMID: 33163260 PMCID: PMC7642655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid transporters mediate substrates across cellular membranes and their fine-tuned regulations are critical to cellular metabolism, growth, and death. As the functional component of system Xc-, which imports extracellular cystine with intracellular glutamate release at a ratio of 1:1, SLC7A11 has diverse functional roles in regulating many pathophysiological processes such as cellular redox homeostasis, ferroptosis, and drug resistance in cancer. Notably, accumulated evidence demonstrated that SLC7A11 is overexpressed in many types of cancers and is associated with patients' poor prognosis. As a result, SLC7A11 becomes a new potential target for cancer therapy. In this review, we first briefly introduce the structure and function of SLC7A11, then discuss its pathological role in cancer. We next summarize current available data of how SLC7A11 is subjected to fine regulations at multiple levels. We further describe the potential inhibitors of the SLC7A11 and their roles in human cancer cells. Finally, we propose novel insights for future perspectives on the modulation of SLC7A11, as well as possible targeted strategies for SLC7A11-based anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Lin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityDongyang 322100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an UniversityYan’an 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Bi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiyin Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Buoso E, Masi M, Long A, Chiappini C, Travelli C, Govoni S, Racchi M. Ribosomes as a nexus between translation and cancer progression: Focus on ribosomal Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) in breast cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:2813-2828. [PMID: 32726469 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes coordinate spatiotemporal control of gene expression, contributing to the acquisition and maintenance of cancer phenotype. The link between ribosomes and cancer is found in the roles of individual ribosomal proteins in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, including the ribosomal protein, receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1). RACK1 regulates cancer cell invasion and is localized in spreading initiation centres, structural adhesion complexes containing RNA binding proteins and poly-adenylated mRNAs that suggest a local translation process. As RACK1 is a ribosomal protein directly involved in translation and in breast cancer progression, we propose a new molecular mechanism for breast cancer cell migration and invasion, which considers the molecular differences between epithelial and mesenchymal cell profiles in order to characterize and provide novel targets for therapeutic strategies. Hence, we provide an analysis on how ribosomes translate cancer progression with a final focus on the ribosomal protein RACK1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Buoso
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mirco Masi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Aideen Long
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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19
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Xu L, Wang L, Jiang C, Zhu Q, Chen R, Wang J, Wang S. Biological effect of ribosomal protein L32 on human breast cancer cell behavior. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2478-2486. [PMID: 32705264 PMCID: PMC7411337 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. However, identifying effective biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of BC is challenging. Based on our previously developed 'humanized' mouse model of BC, microarray expression analysis was performed and multiple differentially expressed genes, including ribosomal protein (RP) L32, were screened. Recent reports have revealed that RPs are relevant to the development and progression of cancer. However, the expression and function of RPL32 in BC remains unknown. Therefore, in the present study, the role of RPL32 in the development of BC was explored. Immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR were used, and it was found that RPL32 was upregulated in human BC tissues and cells. Cell Counting Kit‑8, cell invasion and migration assays were performed, which demonstrated that RPL32 knockdown using lentivirus‑delivered small interfering RNA inhibited the migration and invasion of BC cells in vitro and in vivo (nude mouse model). Moreover, western blotting showed that RPL32 knockdown decreased the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2 and MMP‑9. Thus, the present findings indicated a potential oncogenic role of RPL32, suggesting that it may be a novel target for molecular targeted therapy in patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Clinical Nutrition Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Lintao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Chaojun Jiang
- Breast Disease Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Qiannan Zhu
- Breast Disease Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- Breast Disease Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Jue Wang
- Breast Disease Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Shui Wang
- Breast Disease Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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20
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Pheophorbide a: State of the Art. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18050257. [PMID: 32423035 PMCID: PMC7281735 DOI: 10.3390/md18050257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyll breakdown products are usually studied for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The chlorophyll derivative Pheophorbide a (PPBa) is a photosensitizer that can induce significant anti-proliferative effects in several human cancer cell lines. Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for about 9.6 million deaths, in 2018 alone. Hence, it is crucial to monitor emergent compounds that show significant anticancer activity and advance them into clinical trials. In this review, we analyze the anticancer activity of PPBa with or without photodynamic therapy and also conjugated with or without other chemotherapic drugs, highlighting the capacity of PPBa to overcome multidrug resistance. We also report other activities of PPBa and different pathways that it can activate, showing its possible applications for the treatment of human pathologies.
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21
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Krchniakova M, Skoda J, Neradil J, Chlapek P, Veselska R. Repurposing Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancer: A Focus on Transporters and Lysosomal Sequestration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093157. [PMID: 32365759 PMCID: PMC7247577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are being increasingly used to treat various malignancies. Although they were designed to target aberrant tyrosine kinases, they are also intimately linked with the mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. MDR-related solute carrier (SLC) and ATB-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are responsible for TKI uptake and efflux, respectively. However, the role of TKIs appears to be dual because they can act as substrates and/or inhibitors of these transporters. In addition, several TKIs have been identified to be sequestered into lysosomes either due to their physiochemical properties or via ABC transporters expressed on the lysosomal membrane. Since the development of MDR represents a great concern in anticancer treatment, it is important to elucidate the interactions of TKIs with MDR-related transporters as well as to improve the properties that would prevent TKIs from diffusing into lysosomes. These findings not only help to avoid MDR, but also help to define the possible impact of combining TKIs with other anticancer drugs, leading to more efficient therapy and fewer adverse effects in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Krchniakova
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (J.S.); (J.N.); (P.C.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skoda
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (J.S.); (J.N.); (P.C.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Neradil
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (J.S.); (J.N.); (P.C.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chlapek
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (J.S.); (J.N.); (P.C.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (J.S.); (J.N.); (P.C.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-549-49-7905
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22
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uL3 Mediated Nucleolar Stress Pathway as a New Mechanism of Action of Antiproliferative G-quadruplex TBA Derivatives in Colon Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040583. [PMID: 32290083 PMCID: PMC7226491 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiproliferative G-quadruplex aptamers are a promising and challenging subject in the framework of the anticancer therapeutic oligonucleotides research field. Although several antiproliferative G-quadruplex aptamers have been identified and proven to be effective on different cancer cell lines, their mechanism of action is still unexplored. We have recently described the antiproliferative activity of a heterochiral thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) derivative, namely, LQ1. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms of LQ1 activity and the structural and antiproliferative properties of two further TBA derivatives, differing from LQ1 only by the small loop base-compositions. We demonstrate that in p53 deleted colon cancer cells, LQ1 causes nucleolar stress, impairs ribosomal RNA processing, leading to the accumulation of pre-ribosomal RNAs, arrests cells in the G2/M phase and induces early apoptosis. Importantly, the depletion of uL3 abrogates all these effects, indicating that uL3 is a crucial player in the mechanism of action of LQ1. Taken together, our findings identify p53-independent and uL3-dependent nucleolar stress as a novel stress response pathway activated by a specific G-quadruplex TBA derivative. To the best of our knowledge, this investigation reveals, for the first time, the involvement of the nucleolar stress pathway in the mechanism of action of antiproliferative G-quadruplex aptamers.
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23
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Role of uL3 in the Crosstalk between Nucleolar Stress and Autophagy in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062143. [PMID: 32244996 PMCID: PMC7139652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus is the site of ribosome biogenesis and has been recently described as important sensor for a variety of cellular stressors. In the last two decades, it has been largely demonstrated that many chemotherapeutics act by inhibiting early or late rRNA processing steps with consequent alteration of ribosome biogenesis and activation of nucleolar stress response. The overall result is cell cycle arrest and/or apoptotic cell death of cancer cells. Our previously data demonstrated that ribosomal protein uL3 is a key sensor of nucleolar stress activated by common chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cells lacking p53. We have also demonstrated that uL3 status is associated to chemoresistance; down-regulation of uL3 makes some chemotherapeutic drugs ineffective. Here, we demonstrate that in colon cancer cells, the uL3 status affects rRNA synthesis and processing with consequent activation of uL3-mediated nucleolar stress pathway. Transcriptome analysis of HCT 116p53−/− cells expressing uL3 and of a cell sub line stably depleted of uL3 treated with Actinomycin D suggests a new extra-ribosomal role of uL3 in the regulation of autophagic process. By using confocal microscopy and Western blotting experiments, we demonstrated that uL3 acts as inhibitory factor of autophagic process; the absence of uL3 is associated to increase of autophagic flux and to chemoresistance. Furthermore, experiments conducted in presence of chloroquine, a known inhibitor of autophagy, indicate a role of uL3 in chloroquine-mediated inhibition of autophagy. On the basis of these results and our previous findings, we hypothesize that the absence of uL3 in cancer cells might inhibit cancer cell response to drug treatment through the activation of cytoprotective autophagy. The restoration of uL3 could enhance the activity of many drugs thanks to its pro-apoptotic and anti-autophagic activity.
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Pecoraro A, Carotenuto P, Russo G, Russo A. Ribosomal protein uL3 targets E2F1 and Cyclin D1 in cancer cell response to nucleolar stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15431. [PMID: 31659203 PMCID: PMC6817900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several experimental strategies in the treatment of cancer include drug alteration of cell cycle regulatory pathways as a useful strategy. Extra-ribosomal functions of human ribosomal protein L3 (uL3) may affect DNA repair, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In the present study, we demonstrated that uL3 is required for the activation of G1/S transition genes. Luciferase assays established that uL3 negatively regulates the activity of E2F1 promoter. Induced ribosome-free uL3 reduces Cyclin D1 mRNA and protein levels. Using protein/protein immunoprecipitation methods, we demonstrated that uL3 physically interacts with PARP-1 affecting E2F1 transcriptional activity. Our findings led to the identification of a new pathway mediated by uL3 involving E2F1 and Cyclin D1 in the regulation of cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Pecoraro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Carotenuto
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Therapeutics Unit 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Giulia Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Annapina Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Carotenuto P, Pecoraro A, Palma G, Russo G, Russo A. Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Nucleolus in Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:E1090. [PMID: 31527430 PMCID: PMC6770360 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus is a distinct sub-cellular compartment structure in the nucleus. First observed more than 200 years ago, the nucleolus is detectable by microscopy in eukaryotic cells and visible during the interphase as a sub-nuclear structure immersed in the nucleoplasm, from which it is not separated from any membrane. A huge number of studies, spanning over a century, have identified ribosome biogenesis as the main function of the nucleolus. Recently, novel functions, independent from ribosome biogenesis, have been proposed by several proteomic, genomic, and functional studies. Several works have confirmed the non-canonical role for nucleoli in regulating important cellular processes including genome stability, cell-cycle control, the cellular senescence, stress responses, and biogenesis of ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs). Many authors have shown that both canonical and non-canonical functions of the nucleolus are associated with several cancer-related processes. The association between the nucleolus and cancer, first proposed by cytological and histopathological studies showing that the number and shape of nucleoli are commonly altered in almost any type of cancer, has been confirmed at the molecular level by several authors who demonstrated that numerous mechanisms occurring in the nucleolus are altered in tumors. Recently, therapeutic approaches targeting the nucleolus in cancer have started to be considered as an emerging "hallmark" of cancer and several therapeutic interventions have been developed. This review proposes an up-to-date overview of available strategies targeting the nucleolus, focusing on novel targeted therapeutic approaches. Finally, a target-based classification of currently available treatment will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Carotenuto
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Therapeutic Unit, London SM2 5NG, UK.
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli 80078, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Pecoraro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Palma
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giulia Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Annapina Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Quinacrine-Mediated Inhibition of Nrf2 Reverses Hypoxia-Induced 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184366. [PMID: 31491980 PMCID: PMC6770959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an important chemotherapeutic agent for the systemic treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), but its effectiveness against CRC is limited by increased 5-FU resistance caused by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. The purpose of our study was to assess the feasibility of using quinacrine (QC) to increase the efficacy of 5-FU against CRC cells under hypoxic conditions. QC reversed the resistance to 5-FU induced by hypoxia in CRC cell lines, as determined using ATP-Glo cell viability assays and clonogenic survival assays. Treatment of cells with 5-FU under hypoxic conditions had no effect on the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), a regulator of cellular resistance to oxidative stress, whereas treatment with QC alone or in combination with 5-FU reduced Nrf2 expression in all CRC cell lines tested. Overexpression of Nrf2 effectively prevented the increase in the number of DNA double-strand breaks induced by QC alone or in combination with 5-FU. siRNA-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1) knockdown inhibited the QC-mediated Nrf2 degradation in CRC cells under hypoxic conditions. The treatment of CRC xenografts in mice with the combination of QC and 5-FU was more effective in suppressing tumor growth than QC or 5-FU alone. QC increases the susceptibility of CRC cells to 5-FU under hypoxic conditions by enhancing JNK1-dependent Nrf2 degradation.
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27
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Soliman NA, Abd-Ellatif RN, ELSaadany AA, Shalaby SM, Bedeer AE. Luteolin and 5-flurouracil act synergistically to induce cellular weapons in experimentally induced Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma: Realistic role of P53; a guardian fights in a cellular battle. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 310:108740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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28
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Triterpenoids from Cassia fistula L. regulate p53 & ERK2 genes to induce apoptosis in HT-29 colon cancer cells. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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29
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Song Y, Yang H, Lin R, Jiang K, Wang BM. The role of ferroptosis in digestive system cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2159-2164. [PMID: 31402933 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death dependent on iron and reactive oxygen species. Ferroptosis is distinct from other cell death modalities, including apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. Dysregulated ferroptosis has been implicated in a number of diseases, including neuropathy, ischemia reperfusion injury, acute kidney failure and cancer. The digestive system consists of several organs. The morbidity and mortality rates of digestive system cancer are high. The current review summarizes the role of ferroptosis in digestive system cancer. A large number of molecules, including tumor protein p53, retinoblastoma protein, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, KH RNA binding domain containing signal transduction associated 1, cysteine dioxygenase type 1, metallothionein-1G, nuclear receptor coactivator 4, CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1, heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 and acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4, regulate ferroptosis in digestive system cancer. Drugs such as cisplatin, baicalein, haloperidol, artesunate, piperlongumine, saponin and bromelain may cause cancer cell death by inducing ferroptosis. An improved understanding of ferroptosis in digestive system cancer may give rise to novel diagnostic and making therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Bang-Mao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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30
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Imperatore C, Scuotto M, Valadan M, Rivieccio E, Saide A, Russo A, Altucci C, Menna M, Ramunno A, Mayol L, Russo G, Varra M. Photo-control of cancer cell growth by benzodiazo N-substituted pyrrole derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Sun T, Zhao Q, Zhang C, Cao L, Song M, Maimela NR, Liu S, Wang J, Gao Q, Qin G, Wang L, Zhang Y. Screening common signaling pathways associated with drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer via gene expression profile analysis. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3059-3071. [PMID: 31025554 PMCID: PMC6558586 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Although several therapeutic strategies have been employed to curb lung cancer, the survival rate is still poor owing to the development of drug resistance. The mechanisms underlying drug resistance development are incompletely understood. Here, we aimed to identify the common signaling pathways involved in drug resistance in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Three published transcriptome microarray data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database comprising different drug‐resistant cell lines and their parental cell lines. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. An overlapping analysis was performed for KEGG pathways enriched from all the three datasets to identify the common signaling pathways. As a result, we found that metabolic pathways, ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling were the most aberrantly expressed signaling pathways. The knockdown of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the gene involved in metabolic pathways and known to be upregulated in drug‐resistant tumor cells, was shown to increase the apoptosis of cisplatin‐resistant A549 cells following cisplatin treatment. Thus, our results provide an in‐depth analysis of the signaling pathways that are commonly altered in drug‐resistant NSCLC cell lines and highlight the potential strategy that facilitates the development of interventions to interfere with upregulated signaling pathways as well as to boost downregulated signaling pathways in drug‐resistant tumors for the elimination of multiple resistance of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qitai Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaoqi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Song
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Engineering Key Laboratory for Cell Therapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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32
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Naphthyl quinoxaline thymidine conjugate is a potent anticancer agent post UVA activation and elicits marked inhibition of tumor growth through vaccination. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:255-264. [PMID: 30925340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer anthracyclines are cytotoxic drugs that can induce antitumor immune response as a secondary effect through immunogenic cell death (ICD) mechanism. However, the immunogenic potency is quite limited, possibly due to that these chemotherapeutic agents are not specifically developed as ICD inducers. Thus, new drug entities through studies focusing on enhanced ICD induction would significantly promote antitumor immune response in the vaccination application. We report here a naphthyl quinoxaline thymidine conjugate as a new class of cytotoxic compounds that effectively induced in vivo antitumor activity through the vaccination application. Synthesized naphthyl quinoxaline conjugates were weak fluorescent thymidine analog yet exhibited a pronounced anticancer activity in the low nanomolar range post UVA activation. The potent activity of naphthyl conjugate was able to induce the marked detection of ICD markers including ATP and HMGB1 extracellular and calreticulin intracellularly at 2 h post UVA activation. Most importantly, mice vaccinated with cells treated with naphthyl conjugate plus UVA exhibited complete tumor growth inhibition in the tumor challenge study, and the induced immunogenic inhibition was much more effective than that of mitoxantrone anthracycline drug. All these results demonstrate the high potential of naphthyl quinoxaline conjugate for the cancer cell vaccine against tumor.
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33
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Kim K, Shin EA, Jung JH, Park JE, Kim DS, Shim BS, Kim SH. Ursolic Acid Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells Partially via Upregulation of MicroRNA-4500 and Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E114. [PMID: 30597956 PMCID: PMC6337206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Though ursolic acid (UA) isolated from Oldenlandia diffusa was known to exhibit anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects, the underlying antitumor mechanism of ursolic acid was not fully understood to date. Thus, in the present study, the apoptotic mechanism of ursolic acid was elucidated in HCT116 and HT29 colorectal cancer cells in association with STAT3 and microRNA-4500 (miR-4500) by MTT assay, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, cell cycle analysis, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. Ursolic acid significantly exerted cytotoxicity, increased TUNEL positive cells and sub-G1 apoptotic portion, induced cleavage of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase 3 in HCT116 and HT29 cells. Of note, ursolic acid attenuated the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and also blocked nuclear translocation of STAT3 in colorectal cancer cells. Notably, ursolic acid increased the expression level of miR-4500 in HCT116 cells by qRT-PCR analysis and conversely miR-4500 inhibitor reversed cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic effects by increasing TUNEL positive cells, PARP cleavage and inhibiting p-STAT3 in ursolic acid treated colorectal cancer cells. Overall, our findings provide evidence that usolic acid induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells partially via upregulation of miR-4500 and inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation as a potent anti-cancer agent for colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Dong Soub Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Chen X, Song L, Hou Y, Li F. Reactive oxygen species induced by icaritin promote DNA strand breaks and apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:765-778. [PMID: 30431140 PMCID: PMC6312933 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a distinct feature of various types of cancer. ROS drive tumor progression and render cancer cells vulnerable to additional oxidative insult. The various natural herb compounds have been shown to induce additional production of ROS in cancer cells, although the physiological implications of ROS under these conditions are not fully determined. In the present study, icaritin, a natural compound derived from the medicinal plants Epimedium, was demonstrated to potently suppresses the proliferation of human HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cells, without similar affects on non-cancerous CCD-1095Sk fibroblasts and 293 cells, as measured by MTT and colony formation assays. Icaritin treatment caused a rapid increase in ROS in HeLa and SiHa cells, which was followed by a prominent increase in the number of DNA strand breaks. Consequently, the levels of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and activated caspase 3 and 9 enzymes were increased, while the levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and XIAP were downregulated. These protein expression changes were accompanied by marked induction of apoptosis in icaritin-treated cancer cells. The results suggested that the icaritin-induced ROS overload promoted cancer cell death via induction of extensive oxidative DNA damage, which subsequently resulted in large numbers of DNA strand breaks and the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Liyan Song
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yuefang Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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35
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Dong SC, Sha HH, Xu XY, Hu TM, Lou R, Li H, Wu JZ, Dan C, Feng J. Glutathione S-transferase π: a potential role in antitumor therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:3535-3547. [PMID: 30425455 PMCID: PMC6204874 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s169833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase π (GSTπ) is a Phase II metabolic enzyme that is an important facilitator of cellular detoxification. Traditional dogma asserts that GSTπ functions to catalyze glutathione (GSH)-substrate conjunction to preserve the macromolecule upon exposure to oxidative stress, thus defending cells against various toxic compounds. Over the past 20 years, abnormal GSTπ expression has been linked to the occurrence of tumor resistance to chemotherapy drugs, demonstrating that this enzyme possesses functions beyond metabolism. This revelation reveals exciting possibilities in the realm of drug discovery, as GSTπ inhibitors and its prodrugs offer a feasible strategy in designing anticancer drugs with the primary purpose of reversing tumor resistance. In connection with the authors' current research, we provide a review on the biological function of GSTπ and current developments in GSTπ-targeting drugs, as well as the prospects of future strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Dong
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Huan-Huan Sha
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Xiao-Yue Xu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Tian-Mu Hu
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rui Lou
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Huizi Li
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Jian-Zhong Wu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Chen Dan
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China, ;
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Abstract
The rates of ribosome production by a nucleolus and of protein biosynthesis by ribosomes are tightly correlated with the rate of cell growth and proliferation. All these processes must be matched and appropriately regulated to provide optimal cell functioning. Deregulation of certain factors, including oncogenes, controlling these processes, especially ribosome biosynthesis, can lead to cell transformation. Cancer cells are characterized by intense ribosome biosynthesis which is advantageous for their growth and proliferation. On the other hand, this feature can be engaged as an anticancer strategy. Numerous nucleolar factors such as nucleolar and ribosomal proteins as well as different RNAs, in addition to their role in ribosome biosynthesis, have other functions, including those associated with cancer biology. Some of them can contribute to cell transformation and cancer development. Others, under stress evoked by different factors which often hamper function of nucleoli and thus induce nucleolar/ribosomal stress, can participate in combating cancer cells. In this sense, intentional application of therapeutic agents affecting ribosome biosynthesis can cause either release of these molecules from nucleoli or their de novo biosynthesis to mediate the activation of pathways leading to elimination of harmful cells. This review underlines the role of a nucleolus not only as a ribosome constituting apparatus but also as a hub of both positive and negative control of cancer development. The article is mainly based on original papers concerning mechanisms in which the nucleolus is implicated directly or indirectly in processes associated with neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Stępiński
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland.
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37
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Ding H, Wen Z. Overexpression of C‑sis inhibits H2O2‑induced Buffalo rat liver cell apoptosis in vitro and alleviates liver injury in a rat model of fulminant hepatic failure. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:873-882. [PMID: 29786113 PMCID: PMC6034937 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of the C‑sis gene in the apoptosis of hepatocytes in vitro and in the liver function of a rat model of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce apoptosis and then transfected with a C‑sis overexpression vector. A rat model of FHF was established, and C‑sis was overexpressed. The mRNA and protein expression of C‑sis were examined using reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. Cell viability was assessed by CCK8, and a TUNEL assay was used to examine cell apoptosis. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle detection. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for histological examination. The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were also examined in the rats. The results showed that C‑sis was successfully overexpressed in the cells and rat model. Compared with H2O2‑treated BRL cells, the overexpression of C‑sis significantly inhibited cell apoptosis, promoted cell viability, and decreased the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Similar results were observed in the FHF rats treated with the C‑sis overexpression plasmid, compared with those treated with empty plasmids. In addition, in the FHF rats overexpressing C‑sis, histological examination showed that liver injury was alleviated, the levels of ALT and AST were significantly decreased, and mortality rate was significantly decreased, compared with those observed in the rats treated with empty plasmids. In conclusion, the overexpression of C‑sis inhibited the H2O2‑induced apoptosis of BRL cells in vitro, and alleviated liver injury, improved liver function, and decreased mortality rates in rat models of FHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhili Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Esposito V, Russo A, Vellecco V, Bucci M, Russo G, Mayol L, Virgilio A, Galeone A. Thrombin binding aptamer analogues containing inversion of polarity sites endowed with antiproliferative and anti-motility properties against Calu-6 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2645-2650. [PMID: 30071274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) is endowed with both anticoagulant and antiproliferative properties, it is possible to reduce the first and enhance the second one by suitable chemical modifications. METHODS Two oligonucleotides (TBA353 and TBA535) based on the TBA sequence (GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG) and containing inversion of polarity sites have been investigated by CD, UV and electrophoretic techniques for their ability to form G-quadruplex structures. Furthermore, their anticoagulant (PT assay), antiproliferative (MTT assay) and anti-motility (wound healing assay) properties against Calu-6 cells have been tested and compared with TBA. RESULTS CD, UV and electrophoresis data indicate that both ODNs are able to form G-quadruplex structures. Particularly, results suggest that TBA535 adopts a G-quadruplex structure characterized by a loop arrangement different from that of TBA. Both TBA analogues drop the anticoagulant activity. However, TBA535 is endowed with a significant antiproliferative activity against lung cancer Calu-6 cells. Importantly, both TBA and TBA535 possess a remarkable anti-motility property against the same cell line. CONCLUSIONS Both TBA analogues TBA353 and TBA535 are able to form G-quadruplex structures with no anticoagulant activity. However only TBA535 is endowed with noteworthy antiproliferative and anti-motility properties against lung cancer Calu-6 cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The switching from the anticoagulant to antiproliferative property can be obtained also in TBA derivatives not adopting the "chair-like" G-quadruplex structure typical of TBA. Furthermore, results have highlighted an unprecedented anti-cell-motility property of TBA and TBA535 reinforcing the potential of these ODNs as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annapina Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Vellecco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Bucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luciano Mayol
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Virgilio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Aldo Galeone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
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El Arfani C, De Veirman K, Maes K, De Bruyne E, Menu E. Metabolic Features of Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1200. [PMID: 29662010 PMCID: PMC5979361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is known for its cellular changes contributing to tumour growth and cell proliferation. As part of these changes, metabolic rearrangements are identified in several cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), which is a condition whereby malignant plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow (BM). These metabolic changes consist of generation, inhibition and accumulation of metabolites and metabolic shifts in MM cells. Changes in the BM micro-environment could be the reason for such adjustments. Enhancement of glycolysis and glutaminolysis is found in MM cells compared to healthy cells. Metabolites and enzymes can be upregulated or downregulated and play a crucial role in drug resistance. Therefore, this review will focus on changes in glucose and glutamine metabolism linked with the emergence of drug resistance. Moreover, metabolites do not only affect other metabolic components to benefit cancer development; they also interfere with transcription factors involved in proliferation and apoptotic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima El Arfani
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Dolezal JM, Dash AP, Prochownik EV. Diagnostic and prognostic implications of ribosomal protein transcript expression patterns in human cancers. BMC Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29530001 PMCID: PMC5848553 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ribosomes, the organelles responsible for the translation of mRNA, are comprised of four rRNAs and ~ 80 ribosomal proteins (RPs). Although canonically assumed to be maintained in equivalent proportions, some RPs have been shown to possess differential expression across tissue types. Dysregulation of RP expression occurs in a variety of human diseases, notably in many cancers, and altered expression of some RPs correlates with different tumor phenotypes and patient survival. Little work has been done, however, to characterize overall patterns of RP transcript (RPT) expression in human cancers. Methods To investigate the impact of global RPT expression patterns on tumor phenotypes, we analyzed RPT expression of ~ 10,000 human tumors and over 700 normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). Clusters of tumors identified by t-SNE were then analyzed with chi-squared and t-tests to compare phenotypic data, ANOVA to compare individual RPT expression, and Kaplan-Meier curves to assess survival differences. Results Normal tissues and cancers possess distinct and readily discernible RPT expression patterns that are independent of their absolute levels of expression. In tumors, RPT patterning is distinct from that of normal tissues, identifies heretofore unrecognized tumor subtypes, and in many cases correlates with molecular, pathological, and clinical features, including survival. Conclusions RPT expression patterns are both tissue-specific and tumor-specific. These could be used as a powerful and novel method of tumor classification, offering a potential clinical tool for prognosis and therapeutic stratification. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4178-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Dolezal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Arie P Dash
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; The University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Identification of Key Candidate Proteins and Pathways Associated with Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma Based on Subcellular Proteomics and Bioinformatical Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5238760. [PMID: 29687002 PMCID: PMC5852899 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5238760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
TMZ resistance remains one of the main reasons why treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) fails. In order to investigate the underlying proteins and pathways associated with TMZ resistance, we conducted a cytoplasmic proteome research of U87 cells treated with TMZ for 1 week, followed by differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) screening, KEGG pathway analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction, and validation of key candidate proteins in TCGA dataset. A total of 161 DEPs including 65 upregulated proteins and 96 downregulated proteins were identified. Upregulated DEPs were mainly related to regulation in actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, and phagosome and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways which were consistent with our previous studies. Further, the most significant module consisted of 28 downregulated proteins that were filtered from the PPI network, and 9 proteins (DHX9, HNRNPR, RPL3, HNRNPA3, SF1, DDX5, EIF5B, BTF3, and RPL8) among them were identified as the key candidate proteins, which were significantly associated with prognosis of GBM patients and mainly involved in ribosome and spliceosome pathway. Taking the above into consideration, we firstly identified candidate proteins and pathways associated with TMZ resistance in GBM using proteomics and bioinformatic analysis, and these proteins could be potential biomarkers for prevention or prediction of TMZ resistance in the future.
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Tumor Microenvironment and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122729. [PMID: 29258182 PMCID: PMC5751330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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The "Janus face" of the thrombin binding aptamer: Investigating the anticoagulant and antiproliferative properties through straightforward chemical modifications. Bioorg Chem 2017; 76:202-209. [PMID: 29190476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) is endowed with both anticoagulant and antiproliferative activities. Its chemico-physical and/or biological properties can be tuned by the site-specific replacement of selected residues. METHODS Four oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) based on the TBA sequence (5'-GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG-3') and containing 2'-deoxyuridine (U) or 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (B) residues at positions 4 or 13 have been investigated by NMR and CD techniques. Furthermore, their anticoagulant (PT assay) and antiproliferative properties (MTT assay) have been tested and compared with two further ODNs containing 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (H) residues in the same positions, previously investigated. RESULTS The CD and NMR data suggest that all the investigated ODNs are able to form G-quadruplexes strictly resembling that of TBA. The introduction of B residues in positions 4 or 13 increases the melting temperature of the modified aptamers by 7 °C. The replacement of thymidines with U in the same positions results in an enhanced anticoagulant activity compared to TBA, also at low ODN concentration. Although all ODNs show antiproliferative properties, only TBA derivatives containing H in the positions 4 and 13 lose the anticoagulant activity and remarkably preserve the antiproliferative one. CONCLUSIONS All ODNs have shown antiproliferative activities against two cancer cell lines but only those with U and B are endowed with anticoagulant activities similar or improved compared to TBA. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The appropriate site-specific replacement of the residues in the TT loops of TBA with commercially available thymine analogues is a useful strategy either to improve the anticoagulant activity or to preserve the antiproliferative properties by quenching the anticoagulant ones.
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