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Wanta A, Noguchi K, Sugawara T, Sonoda K, Somsuan K, Wakayama T. Short-Term Treatment of Melatonin Improves the Expression of Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Testis of the Mouse Cryptorchidism Model. J Histochem Cytochem 2024:221554241279505. [PMID: 39301779 DOI: 10.1369/00221554241279505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin plays a major role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and enhancing testosterone production. We investigated the short-term effects of melatonin treatment for 14 consecutive days in the cryptorchidism model. We categorized experimental mice into Sham (S), Orchiopexy (O), Melatonin (Mel), and Orchiopexy + Melatonin (OMel) groups. Surgery involved inducing cryptorchidism in the left testis for seven days, followed by orchiopexy. The Mel group's testes did not descend, but they received melatonin injections after seven days of cryptorchidism. The OMel group underwent both orchiopexy and melatonin treatment. Both O and Mel groups exhibited decreased sperm and round-headed sperm in the epididymis. Significant increases were observed in the numbers of giant cells and negative Nectin-3 cells at p-value<0.05. The pattern of Cadm1 expression changed, and Nectin-2 and Nectin-3 co-expression was lacking in abnormal spermatids. Sertoli cell cytoplasm in both O and Mel groups exhibited autophagosomes and multivesicular bodies, which correlated with increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression. However, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cell numbers increased significantly in all treatment groups compared to the S group. Our study found that the combination of orchiopexy and melatonin positively influenced the expression of cell adhesion molecules (Cadm1, Nectin-2, and Nectin-3) involved in spermatogenesis, while reducing giant cells, autophagosomes, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunothai Wanta
- School of Medicine and Cancer and Immunology Research Unit (CIRU), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Noguchi
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taichi Sugawara
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kayoko Sonoda
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keerakarn Somsuan
- School of Medicine and Cancer and Immunology Research Unit (CIRU), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Frungieri MB, Calandra RS, Matzkin ME, Rossi SP. Melatonin as a natural anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant therapy in the testis: a focus on infertility and aging†. Biol Reprod 2024; 111:543-556. [PMID: 38869910 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pineal hormone that regulates testicular activity (i.e., steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis) through two complementary mechanisms, indirect effects exerted via the hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal axis and direct actions that take place on the different cell populations of the male gonad. The effects of increased age on the testis and the general mechanisms involved in testicular pathology leading to infertility are still only poorly understood. However, there is growing evidence that link testicular aging and idiopathic male infertility to local inflammatory and oxidative stress events. Because literature data strongly indicate that melatonin exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, this review focuses on the potential benefits exerted by this indoleamine at testicular level in male reproductive fertility and aging. Taking into account that the effects of melatonin supplementation on testicular function are currently being investigated, the overview covers not only promising prospects but also many questions concerning the future therapeutic value of this indoleamine as an anti-aging drug as well as in the management of cases of male infertility for which there are no medical treatments currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Beatriz Frungieri
- Laboratorio de Neuro-Inmuno-Endocrinología Testicular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Fundación Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Saúl Calandra
- Laboratorio de Neuro-Inmuno-Endocrinología Testicular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Fundación Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Matzkin
- Laboratorio de Neuro-Inmuno-Endocrinología Testicular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Fundación Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra 1, Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soledad Paola Rossi
- Laboratorio de Neuro-Inmuno-Endocrinología Testicular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Fundación Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra 1, Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Paiva RVN, Mondes PHDL, Brandão BDJ, Sant’Anna JN, Freire dos Santos ME, Fighera YM, Santos LC, Markus RP, Fernandes PACM, Silva JF, Tamura EK. Effects of acute hypothyroidism on plasma melatonin and Aanat and Asmt expression in the pineal gland and gonads of rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1322867. [PMID: 39149125 PMCID: PMC11324505 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1322867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The reproductive system is tightly regulated by environmental and physiological signals. Melatonin, known as the hormone of darkness, plays a crucial role in regulating both the circadian and reproductive systems in mammals. Hypothyroidism is a key endocrine disorder that harms the reproductive system. Despite many studies on melatonin's effects on the reproductive system, there is conflicting information regarding melatonin synthesis modulation in hypothyroidism. The objective of this study was to investigate the modulation of plasma melatonin levels and gene expression of Aanat and Asmt in the pineal gland and gonads of rats with hypothyroidism at different times of the day. Methods Female and male Wistar rats were divided into control and hypothyroid groups. Hypothyroidism was induced using propylthiouracil (PTU) for 15 days, rats were euthanized six hours after lights on (ZT6), before lights off (ZT11.5), and six hours after lights off (ZT18). Free thyroxine (FT4) and melatonin were quantified in plasma, and gene expressions of melatonin synthesizing enzymes (Aanat and Asmt) were measured in pineal and sexual organs (testis and ovary). Also, morphological analysis was performed in sexual organs. Results The results reveal some disparities between the sexes. Hypothyroidism reduced antral and primary follicles in the ovary, and reduced the weight of testis, epididymis, and prostate. In relation to gene expression, we observed a reduction in Aanat expression in the pineal gland during the light phase (ZT6), and in males, this reduction occurred during the dark phase (ZT18). Regarding Asmt expression, there was a decrease in females also during the dark phase (ZT18). In the gonads, there was an increase in expression in both sexes at ZT11.5. Additionally, it was interesting to observe the association between FT4 levels and Asmt expression in the gonads. Conclusions This study showed that acute hypothyroidism can affect components of the melatonergic system in gonads, particularly gene expression of melatonin synthesis enzymes (Aanat and Asmt) contributing to changes in reproduction organs during disease progression. These findings enhance our understanding of melatonin synthesis in the reproductive system during hypothyroidism, showing distinct responses in male and female rats, and suggest that hypothyroidism affects the circadian rhythmicity of melatonin synthesis in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Valete Nunes Paiva
- Chronobiology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
- Reproduction and Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz de Jesus Brandão
- Chronobiology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Julia Nascimento Sant’Anna
- Chronobiology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | - Yasmin Muniz Fighera
- Chronobiology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Luciano Cardoso Santos
- Reproduction and Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Regina P. Markus
- Chronopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Reproduction and Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Koji Tamura
- Chronobiology Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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Frungieri MB, Mayerhofer A. Biogenic amines in the testis: sources, receptors and actions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1392917. [PMID: 38966220 PMCID: PMC11222591 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1392917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines are signaling molecules with multiple roles in the central nervous system and in peripheral organs, including the gonads. A series of studies indicated that these molecules, their biosynthetic enzymes and their receptors are present in the testis and that they are involved in the regulation of male reproductive physiology and/or pathology. This mini-review aims to summarize the current knowledge in this field and to pinpoint existing research gaps. We suggest that the widespread clinical use of pharmacological agonists/antagonists of these signaling molecules, calls for new investigations in this area. They are necessary to evaluate the relevance of biogenic amines for human male fertility and infertility, as well as the potential value of at least one of them as an anti-aging compound in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Beatriz Frungieri
- Laboratorio de neuro-inmuno-endocrinología testicular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Fundación IBYME, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Li G, Yan L, Wang L, Ma W, Wu H, Guan S, Yao Y, Deng S, Yang H, Zhang J, Zhang X, Wu H, He C, Ji P, Lian Z, Wu Y, Zhang L, Liu G. Ovarian overexpression of ASMT gene increases follicle numbers in transgenic sheep: Association with lipid metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131803. [PMID: 38670205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin plays an important role in mammalian reproductive activities, to further understand the effects of endogenous melatonin on functions of ovary, the transgenic sheep with overexpression of melatonin synthetic enzyme gene ASMT in ovary were generated. The results showed that total melatonin content in follicular fluid of transgenic sheep was significantly greater than that in the wild type. Accordingly, the follicle numbers of transgenic sheep were also significantly greater than those in the WT. The results of follicular fluid metabolites sequencing showed that compared with WT, the differential metabolites of the transgenic sheep were significantly enriched in several signaling pathways, the largest number of metabolites was lipid metabolism pathway and the main differential metabolites were lipids and lipoid molecules. SMART-seq2 were used to analyze the oocytes and granulosa cells of transgenic sheep and WT sheep. The main differential enrichment pathway was metabolic pathway, in which lipid metabolism genes accounted for the majority. In conclusion, this is the first report to show that ovary overexpression of ASMT increased local melatonin production and follicle numbers. These results may imply that ASMT plays an important role in follicle development and formation, and melatonin intervention may be a potential method to promote this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Laiqing Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Likai Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenkui Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengyu Guan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujun Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hai Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Tianjin, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Tianjin, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Haixin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changjiu He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengyun Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Ren YL, Liang Q, Lian CY, Zhang W, Wang L. Melatonin alleviates glyphosate-induced testosterone synthesis inhibition via targeting mitochondrial function in roosters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123828. [PMID: 38522604 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is a widely used herbicide that has been revealed to inhibit testosterone synthesis in humans and animals. Melatonin (MET) is an endogenous hormone that has been demonstrated to promote mammalian testosterone synthesis via protecting mitochondrial function. However, it remains unclear whether MET targets mitochondria to alleviate GLY-inhibited testosterone synthesis in avian. In this study, an avian model using 7-day-old rooster upon chronic exposure to GLY with the treatment of MET was designed to clarify this issue. Data first showed that GLY-induced testicular Leydig cell damage, structural damage of the seminiferous tubule, and sperm quality decrease were mitigated by MET. Transcriptomic analyses of the testicular tissues revealed the potentially critical role of mitophagy and steroid hormone biosynthesis in the process of MET counteracting GLY-induced testicular damage. Also, validation data demonstrated that the inhibition of testosterone synthesis due to GLY-induced mitochondrial dynamic imbalance and concomitant Parkin-dependent mitophagy activation is alleviated by MET. Moreover, GLY-induced oxidative stress in serum and testicular tissue were significantly reversed by MET. In summary, these findings demonstrate that MET effectively ameliorates GLY-inhibited testosterone synthesis by inhibiting mitophagy activation, which provides a promising remedy for the application of MET as a potential therapeutic agent to antagonize reproductive toxicity induced by GLY and similar contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Ren
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
| | - Qing Liang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
| | - Cai-Yu Lian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yan'tai City 265500, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
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Baysal M, Karaduman AB, Korkut Çelikateş B, Atlı-Eklioğlu Ö, Ilgın S. Assessment of the toxicity of different antiretroviral drugs and their combinations on Sertoli and Leydig cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38647040 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2336506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus continues to pose a significant global public health challenge, affecting millions of individuals. The current treatment strategy has incorporated the utilization of combinations of antiretroviral drugs. The administration of these drugs is associated with many deleterious consequences on several physiological systems, notably the reproductive system. This study aimed to assess the toxic effects of abacavir sulfate, ritonavir, nevirapine, and zidovudine, as well as their combinations, on TM3 Leydig and TM4 Sertoli cells. The cell viability was gauged using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed via the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) test, and DNA damage was determined using the comet assay. Results indicated cytotoxic effects at low drug concentrations, both individually and combined. The administration of drugs, individually and in combination, resulted in the production of ROS and caused damage to the DNA at the tested concentrations. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the administration of antiretroviral drugs can lead to testicular toxicity by promoting the generation of ROS and DNA damage. Furthermore, it should be noted that the toxicity of antiretroviral drug combinations was shown to be higher compared to that of individual drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Baysal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Burak Karaduman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Büşra Korkut Çelikateş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Özlem Atlı-Eklioğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Ilgın
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Budiyanto A, Hartanto S, Widayanti R, Kurnianto H, Wardi W, Haryanto B, Munir IM, Ibrahim A, Ludfiani DD. Impact of melatonin administration on sperm quality, steroid hormone levels, and testicular blood flow parameters in small ruminants: A meta-analysis. Vet World 2024; 17:911-921. [PMID: 38798291 PMCID: PMC11111706 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.911-921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The impact of exogenous melatonin on the sperm quality of small ruminants is controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize previous findings on the influence of melatonin injection on sperm quality, steroid hormones, and testicular blood flow in small ruminants. Materials and Methods Thirty studies were analyzed by computing the raw mean difference (RMD) as the effect size between the control and melatonin treatment groups, using the inverse of the variance for the random-effect model of the method of moments by DerSimonian and Laird. We assessed heterogeneity among studies using Q test. I2 statistic was used to classify the observed heterogeneity. We used Egger's regression method to indicate publication bias. Results Melatonin injection (p < 0.05) affected sperm concentration (RMD = 0.42 × 109/mL), morphology (RMD = 2.82%), viability (RMD = 2.83%), acrosome integrity (RMD = 4.26%), and DNA integrity (RMD = 1.09%). Total motility (RMD = 5.62%), progressive motility (RMD = 7.90%), acrosome integrity (RMD = 8.68%), and DNA integrity (RMD = 2.01%) of post-thawed semen in the melatonin-treated group were also increased (p < 0.05). Similarly, treatment with melatonin (p < 0.05) enhanced total motility (RMD = 5.78%), progressive motility (RMD = 5.28%), curvilinear velocity (RMD = 4.09 μm/s), straight-line velocity (RMD = 5.61 μm/s), and average path velocity (RMD = 4.94 μm/s). Testosterone (RMD = 1.02 ng/mL) and estradiol 17-ß levels (RMD = 0.84 pg/mL) were elevated (p < 0.05) in the melatonin-injected group. Melatonin implantation ameliorated testicular blood flow, as indicated by a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the resistive index (RMD = 0.11) and pulsatility index (RMD = -0.15). Conclusion Melatonin administration can increase the reproductive performance of small male ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agung Budiyanto
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Slamet Hartanto
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Rini Widayanti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Heri Kurnianto
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Wardi Wardi
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Haryanto
- Research Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Ivan Mambaul Munir
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Alek Ibrahim
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Dini Dwi Ludfiani
- Research Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Banten, Indonesia
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Qi Q, Yang J, Li S, Liu J, Xu D, Wang G, Feng L, Pan X. Melatonin alleviates oxidative stress damage in mouse testes induced by bisphenol A. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1338828. [PMID: 38440074 PMCID: PMC10910031 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1338828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of melatonin on bisphenol A (BPA)-induced oxidative stress damage in testicular tissue and Leydig cells. Mice were gavaged with 50 mg/kg BPA for 30 days, and concurrently, were injected with melatonin (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg). Leydig cells were treated with 10 μmol/L of BPA and melatonin. The morphology and organ index of the testis and epididymis were observed and calculated. The sperm viability and density were determined. The expressions of melatonin receptor 1A and luteinizing hormone receptor, and the levels of malonaldehyde, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione, steroid hormone synthases, aromatase, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and estradiol were measured. TUNEL assay was utilized to detect testicular cell apoptosis. The administration of melatonin at 20 mg/kg significantly improved the testicular index and epididymis index in mice treated with BPA. Additionally, melatonin promoted the development of seminiferous tubules in the testes. Furthermore, the treatment with 20 mg/kg melatonin significantly increased sperm viability and sperm density in mice, while also promoting the expressions of melatonin receptor 1A and luteinizing hormone receptor in Leydig cells of BPA-treated mice. Significantly, melatonin reduced the level of malonaldehyde in testicular tissue and increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase 1, superoxide dismutase 2, and catalase) as well as the content of glutathione. Moreover, melatonin also reduced the number of apoptotic Leydig cells and spermatogonia, aromatase expression, and estradiol level, while increasing the expression of steroid hormone synthases (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 family 17a1, cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/20-lyase, and, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) and the level of testosterone. Melatonin exhibited significant potential in alleviating testicular oxidative stress damage caused by BPA. These beneficial effects may be attributed to melatonin's ability to enhance the antioxidant capacity of testicular tissue, promote testosterone synthesis, and reduce testicular cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
- School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
- School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
- School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Da Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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Habiba ES, Harby SA, El-Sayed NS, Omar EM, Bakr BA, Augustyniak M, El-Samad LM, Hassan MA. Sericin and melatonin mitigate diethylnitrosamine-instigated testicular impairment in mice: Implications of oxidative stress, spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, and modulation of Nrf2/WT1/SF-1 signaling pathways. Life Sci 2023; 334:122220. [PMID: 37898455 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic influence of combination therapy with sericin and melatonin on attenuating diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-instigated testicular dysfunction in mice and defining the molecular mechanisms involved in orchestrating redox signaling pathways and restoring spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different groups of male Swiss albino mice were established and injected with respective drugs intraperitoneally. Semen analysis, hormonal assays, and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated. Additionally, melatonin and its receptors, WT1, SF-1, vimentin, Nrf2, and ANXA1 expressions were assessed. Histopathological and ultrastructural features of the testes were investigated by semithin, SEM, and TEM analyses. KEY FINDINGS Exposure to DEN exhibited pathophysiological consequences, including a remarkable increase in lipid peroxidation associated with substantial diminutions in SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, GSH:GSSG, and GST. Furthermore, it disrupted spermatozoa integrity, testosterone, FSH, LH, melatonin, and its receptors (MT1 and MT2) levels, implying spermatogenesis dysfunction. By contrast, treatment with sericin and melatonin significantly restored these disturbances. Interestingly, the combination therapy of sericin and melatonin noticeably augmented the Nrf2, WT1, and SF-1 expressions compared to DEN-treated mice, deciphering the amelioration perceived in antioxidant defense and spermatogenesis inside cells. Furthermore, immunohistochemical detection of ANXA1 alongside histopathological and ultrastructural analyses revealed evident maintenance of testicular structures without discernible inflammation or anomalies in mice administered with sericin and melatonin compared to the DEN-treated group. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings highlighted that treatment with sericin and melatonin alleviated the testicular tissues in mice from oxidative stress and dysregulated spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis engendered by DEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa S Habiba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Harby
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Norhan S El-Sayed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Eman M Omar
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Basant A Bakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hassan
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, 21934 Alexandria, Egypt.
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11
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Rossi SP, Matzkin ME, Riviere E, Martinez G, Ponzio R, Levalle O, Terradas C, Calandra RS, Frungieri MB. Melatonin improves oxidative state and lactate metabolism in rodent Sertoli cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 576:112034. [PMID: 37516434 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant actions of melatonin and its impact on testicular function and fertility have already been described. Considering that Sertoli cells contribute to provide structural support and nutrition to germ cells, we evaluated the effect of melatonin on oxidative state and lactate metabolism in the immature murine TM4 cell line and in immature hamster Sertoli cells. A prooxidant stimulus applied to rodent Sertoli cells expressing MT1/MT2 receptors, increased lipid peroxidation whereas decreased antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, peroxiredoxin 1) expression and catalase activity. These changes were prevented by melatonin. Furthermore, melatonin stimulated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expression/activity via melatonin receptors, and increased intracellular lactate production in rodent Sertoli cells. Interestingly, oral melatonin supplementation in infertile men positively regulated LDHA testicular mRNA expression. Overall, our work provides insights into the potential benefits of melatonin on Sertoli cells contributing to testicular development and the future establishment of a sustainable spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad P Rossi
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Cátedra 1, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María E Matzkin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Cátedra 1, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Riviere
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Martinez
- Fertilis, Av. Fondo de la Legua 277, B1609JEC, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto Ponzio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Levalle
- División Endocrinología, Hospital Durand, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Díaz Vélez 5044, 1405, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Terradas
- División Endocrinología, Hospital Durand, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Díaz Vélez 5044, 1405, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo S Calandra
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica B Frungieri
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Química, Ciclo Básico Común, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1405CAE, Argentina
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12
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Lee WY, Sim HW, Park HJ. Effects of melatonin on a d-galactose-induced male reproductive aging mouse model. Theriogenology 2023; 206:181-188. [PMID: 37224707 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the aging mechanism of the male reproductive system and developing anti-aging interventions are essential for preventing age-related male infertility. The pineal hormone melatonin has been effectively used as an antioxidant and anti-apoptotic molecule in various cells and tissues. However, the effects of melatonin on d-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging have not been studied with regards to testicular function. Thus, we investigated whether melatonin suppresses the dysfunction of male reproductive function induced by D-gal treatment. The mice were divided into the following four groups receiving treatments for six weeks: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group, d-galactose (200 mg/kg) group, melatonin (20 mg/kg) group, and d-galactose (200 mg/kg)+ melatonin (20 mg/kg) group. At six weeks of treatments, sperm parameters, body and testes weight, gene and protein expression of germ cell and spermatozoa marker were analyzed. Our results showed that melatonin suppressed the decrease in body weight, sperm vitality, motility, and gene expression levels of spermatozoa markers such as Protamine 1, PGK2, Camk4, TP1, and Crem in the testis of D-gal-induced aging models. However, the gene expression levels of the pre-meiotic and meiotic markers in the testes did not change in the D-gal-injected model. The injection of D-gal impaired the decreased expression of steroidogenic enzyme genes, such as HSD3b1, Cyp17a1, and Cyp11a1, but melatonin inhibited the decrease in the expression of these genes. In addition, protein levels of spermatozoa and germ cell markers were evaluated by immunostaining and immunoblotting. Consistent with the qPCR results, PGK2 protein levels were decreased by d-galactose treatment. A decrease in PGK2 protein levels by D-gal was inhibited by melatonin treatment. In conclusion, melatonin administration improves testicular function with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Young Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju-si, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Heyon Woo Sim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Sangji University, Wonju-Si, 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Sangji University, Wonju-Si, 26339, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Shakeel M, Yoon M. Heat stress and stallion fertility. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:683-697. [PMID: 37970501 PMCID: PMC10640949 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The threat posed by increased surface temperatures worldwide has attracted the attention of researchers to the reaction of animals to heat stress. Spermatogenesis in animals such as stallions is a temperature-dependent process, ideally occurring at temperatures slightly below the core body temperature. Thus, proper thermoregulation is essential, especially because stallion spermatogenesis and the resulting spermatozoa are negatively affected by increased testicular temperature. Consequently, the failure of thermoregulation resulting in heat stress may diminish sperm quality and increase the likelihood of stallion infertility. In this review, we emphasize upon the impact of heat stress on spermatogenesis and the somatic and germ cells and describe the subsequent testicular alterations. In addition, we explore the functions and molecular responses of heat shock proteins, including HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP105, in heat-induced stress conditions. Finally, we discuss the use of various therapies to alleviate heat stress-induced reproductive harm by modulating distinct signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shakeel
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture
University, Rawalpindi 44000, Pakistan
| | - Minjung Yoon
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Department of Horse, Companion and Wild
Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Reseach Center for Horse Industry,
Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
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14
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Qin Z, Song J, Huang J, Jiang S, Zhang G, Huang M, Huang Z, Jin J. Mitigation of triptolide-induced testicular Sertoli cell damage by melatonin via regulating the crosstalk between SIRT1 and NRF2. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 118:154945. [PMID: 37437414 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triptolide (TP) is an important active compound from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF), however, it is greatly limited in clinical practice due to its severe toxicity, especially testicular injury. Melatonin is an endogenous hormone and has beneficial effects on the reproductive system. However, whether triptolide-induced testicular injury can be alleviated by melatonin and the underlying mechanism are not clear. PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to explore whether triptolide-induced testicular Sertoli cells toxicity can be mitigated by melatonin and the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Fluorescent probe Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos was used to observe the mitochondria morphology. Mitochondrial membrane potential and Ca2+ levels were used to investigate mitochondrial function by confocal microscope and flow cytometry. The expression levels of SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway were detected by western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Small interfering RNA of NRF2 and SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 was used to confirm the role of SIRT1/NRF2 pathway in the mitigation of triptolide-induced Sertoli cell damage by melatonin. Co-Immunoprecipitation assay was used to determine the interaction between SIRT1 and NRF2. RESULTS Triptolide-induced dysfunction of testicular Sertoli cells was significantly improved by melatonin treatment. Specifically, triptolide-induced oxidative stress damage and changes of mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, and BTB integrity were alleviated by melatonin. Mechanistically, triptolide inhibited SIRT1 and then reduced the activation of NRF2 pathway via regulating the interaction between SIRT1 and NRF2, thereby downregulating the downstream antioxidant genes, which was reversed by melatonin. Nevertheless, knockdown of NRF2 or inhibition of SIRT1 abolished the protective effect of melatonin. CONCLUSION Triptolide-induced testicular Sertoli cell damage could be alleviated by melatonin via regulating the crosstalk between SIRT1 and NRF2, which is helpful for developing a new strategy to alleviate triptolide-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianxun Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junyuan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shiqin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gengyi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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15
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Costa GMJ, Lacerda SMSN, Figueiredo AFA, Wnuk NT, Brener MRG, Andrade LM, Campolina-Silva GH, Kauffmann-Zeh A, Pacifico LGG, Versiani AF, Antunes MM, Souza FR, Cassali GD, Caldeira-Brant AL, Chiarini-Garcia H, de Souza FG, Costa VV, da Fonseca FG, Nogueira ML, Campos GRF, Kangussu LM, Martins EMN, Antonio LM, Bittar C, Rahal P, Aguiar RS, Mendes BP, Procópio MS, Furtado TP, Guimaraes YL, Menezes GB, Martinez-Marchal A, Orwig KE, Brieño-Enríquez M, Furtado MH. High SARS-CoV-2 tropism and activation of immune cells in the testes of non-vaccinated deceased COVID-19 patients. BMC Biol 2023; 21:36. [PMID: 36797789 PMCID: PMC9933832 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to rely on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, whose expression in the testis is among the highest in the body. Additionally, the risk of mortality seems higher among male COVID-19 patients, and though much has been published since the first cases of COVID-19, there remain unanswered questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 impact on testes and potential consequences for reproductive health. We investigated testicular alterations in non-vaccinated deceased COVID-19-patients, the precise location of the virus, its replicative activity, and the immune, vascular, and molecular fluctuations involved in the pathogenesis. RESULTS We found that SARS-CoV-2 testicular tropism is higher than previously thought and that reliable viral detection in the testis requires sensitive nanosensors or RT-qPCR using a specific methodology. Through an in vitro experiment exposing VERO cells to testicular macerates, we observed viral content in all samples, and the subgenomic RNA's presence reinforced the replicative activity of SARS-CoV-2 in testes of the severe COVID-19 patients. The cellular structures and viral particles, observed by transmission electron microscopy, indicated that macrophages and spermatogonial cells are the main SARS-CoV-2 lodging sites, where new virions form inside the endoplasmic reticulum Golgi intermediate complex. Moreover, we showed infiltrative infected monocytes migrating into the testicular parenchyma. SARS-CoV-2 maintains its replicative and infective abilities long after the patient's infection. Further, we demonstrated high levels of angiotensin II and activated immune cells in the testes of deceased patients. The infected testes show thickening of the tunica propria, germ cell apoptosis, Sertoli cell barrier loss, evident hemorrhage, angiogenesis, Leydig cell inhibition, inflammation, and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that high angiotensin II levels and activation of mast cells and macrophages may be critical for testicular pathogenesis. Importantly, our findings suggest that patients who become critically ill may exhibit severe alterations and harbor the active virus in the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M. J. Costa
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Samyra M. S. N. Lacerda
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - André F. A. Figueiredo
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Natália T. Wnuk
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Marcos R. G. Brener
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Lídia M. Andrade
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alice F. Versiani
- grid.419029.70000 0004 0615 5265Faculdade de Medicina de São Jose do Rio Preto, São Jose do Rio Preto, SP Brazil ,grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Maísa M. Antunes
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Fernanda R. Souza
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Geovanni D. Cassali
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - André L. Caldeira-Brant
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Women’s Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Hélio Chiarini-Garcia
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. de Souza
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Vivian V. Costa
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Flavio G. da Fonseca
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Maurício L. Nogueira
- grid.419029.70000 0004 0615 5265Faculdade de Medicina de São Jose do Rio Preto, São Jose do Rio Preto, SP Brazil ,grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Guilherme R. F. Campos
- grid.419029.70000 0004 0615 5265Faculdade de Medicina de São Jose do Rio Preto, São Jose do Rio Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Lucas M. Kangussu
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Estefânia M. N. Martins
- grid.466576.00000 0004 0635 4678Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear-CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Loudiana M. Antonio
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Cintia Bittar
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XUniversidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XUniversidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Renato S. Aguiar
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Yuri L. Guimaraes
- Clínica MF Fertilidade Masculina, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil ,Departamentos de Urologia e de Reprodução Humana da Rede Mater Dei de Saúde, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Gustavo B. Menezes
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Ana Martinez-Marchal
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Women’s Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Kyle E. Orwig
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Women’s Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Miguel Brieño-Enríquez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Marcelo H. Furtado
- Clínica MF Fertilidade Masculina, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil ,Departamentos de Urologia e de Reprodução Humana da Rede Mater Dei de Saúde, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
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16
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Yang L, Cheng J, Xu D, Zhang Z, Hua R, Chen H, Duan J, Li X, Li Q. Melatonin Ameliorates Diquat-Induced Testicular Toxicity via Reducing Oxidative Stress, Inhibiting Apoptosis, and Maintaining the Integrity of Blood-Testis Barrier in Mice. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11020160. [PMID: 36851035 PMCID: PMC9958747 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diquat is a fast, potent, and widely used bipyridine herbicide in agriculture and it induces oxidative stress in several animal models. However, its genotoxic effects on the male reproductive system remain unclear. Melatonin is an effective free-radical scavenger, which has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties and can protect the testes against oxidative damage. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of melatonin on diquat-induced testicular injury in mice. The results showed melatonin treatment alleviated diquat-induced testicular injury, including inhibited spermatogenesis, increased sperm malformations, declined testosterone level and decreased fertility. Specifically, melatonin therapy countered diquat-induced oxidative stress by increasing production of the antioxidant enzymes GPX1 and SOD1. Melatonin treatment also attenuated diquat-induced spermatogonia apoptosis in vivo and in vitro by modulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, including P53, Cleaved-Caspase3, and Bax/Bcl2. Moreover, melatonin restored the blood-testicular barrier by promoting the expression of Sertoli cell junction proteins and maintaining the ordered distribution of ZO-1. These findings indicate that melatonin protects the testes against diquat-induced damage by reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis, and maintaining the integrity of the blood-testis barrier in mice. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research to protect male reproductive health from agricultural pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jianyong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Dejun Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Rongmao Hua
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Huali Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Jiaxin Duan
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Qingwang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
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17
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Reid DS, Geary TW, Zezeski AL, Waterman RC, Van Emon ML, Messman RD, Burnett DD, Lemley CO. Effects of prenatal and postnatal melatonin supplementation on overall performance, male reproductive performance, and testicular hemodynamics in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad111. [PMID: 37052981 PMCID: PMC10132818 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has been documented to alleviate compromised pregnancies and enhance livestock performance traits. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of prenatal and postnatal melatonin supplementation on overall calf performance and dam milking traits in relation to calves, molecular factors involved in growth and metabolism of calves, along with testicular physiology and fertility traits in subsequent bulls. On days 190, 220 and 250 of gestation, dams (N = 60) were administered either two subdermal ear melatonin implants (preMEL) or no implants (preCON). After parturition, birth weights were recorded and calves were blocked based on prenatal treatment and sex. Calves received either melatonin implants (posMEL) or none (posCON) on days 0, 30, and 60 of age. On day 60 of lactation, a subset of dams (N = 32) were selected based on age, weight, and calf sex for milk collection and analysis. At weaning, (day 210 postnatally) calf weight, morphometric data, liver samples, and loin samples were collected. At 12 mo of age, bull (N = 30) scrotal circumference, scrotal temperature, and testicular artery measurements were recorded. Milk yield and fat percent from dams tended to decrease in the preMEL group (P < 0.07) compared with preCON group. Prenatal melatonin administration did not affect (P = 0.95) calf birth weight and similarly calf weaning weight was unaffected (P < 0.10) by prenatal or postnatal melatonin supplementation. Blood analysis demonstrated that plasma concentrations of melatonin were not different (P = 0.12) in dams; however, an increase (P < 0.001) in plasma concentrations of melatonin was observed in posMEL vs. posCON calves. A tendency (P < 0.10) for decreased MYF5 and MYOD1 expression in loin muscle was observed in the posMEL calves. Prenatal and postnatal melatonin administration did not affect subsequent bull scrotal measurements or testicular hemodynamics (P ≥ 0.14). Administering supplemental melatonin via implants during the prenatal and postnatal phase did not alter performance characteristics in offspring. In this study, dams were implanted in winter months, whereas calves were implanted in the spring months. Seasonal differences involving photoperiod and ambient temperature might have attributed to a lack of differences in melatonin levels during the prenatal phase. In the postnatal period, the level of developmental plasticity appears to be too low for melatonin properties to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana S Reid
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - Thomas W Geary
- USDA-ARS, Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Fort Keogh, Miles City, Montana 59301, USA
| | - Abigail L Zezeski
- USDA-ARS, Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Fort Keogh, Miles City, Montana 59301, USA
| | - Richard C Waterman
- USDA-ARS, Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Fort Keogh, Miles City, Montana 59301, USA
| | - Megan L Van Emon
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Riley D Messman
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - Derris D Burnett
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - Caleb O Lemley
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
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Amer ME, Othman AI, Abozaid HM, El-Missiry MA. Utility of melatonin in mitigating ionizing radiation-induced testis injury through synergistic interdependence of its biological properties. Biol Res 2022; 55:33. [PMID: 36333811 PMCID: PMC9636653 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ionizing radiations (IR) have widespread useful applications in our daily life; however, they have unfavorable effects on reproductive health. Maintaining testicular health following IR exposure is an important requirement for reproductive potential. The current study explored the role of melatonin (MLT) in mitigating IR-induced injury in young adult rat testis. Methods Rats were given daily MLT (25 mg/kg) for 3 and 14 days after receiving 4 Gy γ-radiation. Results Serum MLT levels and other antioxidants, including glutathione content, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the testis of the irradiated rats were remarkably maintained by MLT administration in irradiated rats. Hence, the hydrogen peroxide level declined with remarkably reduced formation of oxidative stress markers, 4-hydroxynonenal, and 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in the testis of irradiated animals after MLT administration. The redox status improvement caused a remarkable regression of proapoptotic protein (p53, Cyto-c, and caspase-3) in the testis and improved inflammatory cytokines (CRP and IL-6), and anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin IL-10) in serum. This is associated with restoration of disturbed sex hormonal balance, androgen receptor upregulation, and testicular cell proliferation activity in irradiated rats, explaining the improvement of sperm parameters (count, motility, viability, and deformation). Consequently, spermatogenic cell depletion and decreased seminiferous tubule diameter and perimeter were attenuated by MLT treatment post irradiation. Moreover, the testis of irradiated-MLT-treated rats showed well-organized histological architecture and normal sperm morphology. Conclusions These results show that radiation-induced testicular injury is mitigated following IR exposure through synergistic interdependence between the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-DNA damage actions of MLT.
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Samir H, Mandour AS, Radwan F, Swelum AA, Yoshida T, Tanaka R, Nagaoka K, Watanabe G. Diurnal rhythms in testicular blood flow, testicular morphometry and reproductive hormones in Shiba goats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 34:1043-1051. [DOI: 10.1071/rd22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Testicular blood flow (TBF) is crucial for testicular function. The pattern of TBF in Shiba goats indicates seasonal variations. Aims This study aimed to investigate the effect of diurnal variations on TBF, testis volume (TV), testicular echogenicity, and reproductive hormones in goats over a 24-h period. Methods In three trials that went for three consecutive days each, 12 bucks were scanned using Triplex ultrasonography to assess the TV, pixel intensity of testicular echotexture (PIX), and Doppler indices of TBF (resistive index: RI and pulsatility index: PI) in four-time points a day (at 6.00, 12.00, 18.00, and 00.00 h). Concomitantly, the changes in circulating FSH, LH, inhibin, testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), cortisol, and melatonin were assessed. Key results Results revealed diurnal alterations in the calculated RI of TBF and the PIX of testicular parenchyma (P < 0.05). Lower RI values of the TBF were observed at 6.00 h compared to other time points. There were significant diurnal alterations in the levels of FSH (P < 0.05), LH (P < 0.05), T (P < 0.0001), E2 (P < 0.0001), cortisol (P < 0.0001), and melatonin (P < 0.0001). FSH attained a higher concentration at 18.00 h compared to 12.00 h. Concentrations of LH were significantly higher at 06.00 h compared to those at 18.00 h. Concentrations of T were significantly higher at 6.00 compared to other time points. E2 showed higher concentrations at 6.00 h and 00.00 h compared to 12.00 h and 18.00 h. On the contrary, concentrations of cortisol were significantly higher at 12.00 h and 18.00 h compared to 06.00 h and 00.00 h. The highest concentrations of melatonin were observed at 00.00 h compared to other time points, while the lowest concentrations were at 12.00 h. Conclusions Diurnal rhythm induces significant changes in TBF, testicular PIX, and circulating FSH, LH, T, E2, cortisol, and melatonin over the 24-h day. Implications The outcomes of the study are reflected in the advisability of monitoring the TBF at a fixed time a day to avoid the circadian rhythm effect.
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Heidarizadi S, Rashidi Z, Jalili C, Gholami M. Overview of biological effects of melatonin on testis: A review. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14597. [PMID: 36168927 DOI: 10.1111/and.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a major global health issue and male factors account for half of all infertility cases. One of the causes of male infertility is the loss of spermatogonial stem cells, which may occur because of chemotherapy, radiotherapy or genetic defects. In numerous animal species, the evidence suggests the pineal gland and melatonin secretion in their reproductive activities are involved. Recently, considerable attention has pointed to the usage of melatonin in the treatment of diseases. Melatonin is associated with the regulation of circadian and seasonal rhythmic functions, immune system functions, retinal physiology, spermatogenesis and inhibition of tumour growth in different species. Several studies demonstrated that melatonin acts as an anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant agent. Melatonin can also protect testicles and spermatogonia against oxidative damage, chemotherapy drugs, environmental radiation, toxic substances, hyperthermia, ischemia/reperfusion, diabetes-induced testicular damage, metal-induced testicular toxicity, improve sperm quality and it affects the testosterone secretion pathway by affecting Leydig cells. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the biological effects of melatonin as a natural antioxidant on testicles and their disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Heidarizadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Rashidi
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Gholami
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Sun K, Wang X, Zhang X, Shi X, Gong D. The antagonistic effect of melatonin on TBBPA-induced apoptosis and necroptosis via PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in swine testis cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2281-2290. [PMID: 35665993 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a widely used industrial brominated flame retardant, which can endanger animal and human health, including cytotoxicity, endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity and so on. Melatonin (MT) is a noteworthy free radical scavenger and an antioxidant to alleviate oxidative stress. To investigate the cytotoxic of TBBPA on swine testis cells (ST cells), as well as the antagonistic effect of MT, we established TBBPA exposure and MT antagonistic models, used flow cytometry and AO/EB staining methods to detect apoptosis and necroptosis, used DCFH-DA method to examine the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and investigated the expression of associated genes using RT-PCR and Western blot. According to our findings, TBBPA exposure induced cell death in ST cells. TBBPA increased ROS levels, thus increasing PTEN expression and decreasing PI3K and AKT expression. Apoptosis-related factors (Caspase-3, Bax, Cyt-c, and Caspase-9) and necroptosis-related factors (RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL) were considerably elevated, in addition to the reduced expression of BCL-2 and Caspase-8. We also found that MT inhibited apoptosis and necroptosis in TBBPA-induced ST cells and effectively resolved the abnormal expression of related signaling pathways. In summary, the above results indicate that MT alleviates the disorder of PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway via inhibiting ROS overproduction, thereby mitigating apoptosis and necroptosis caused by TBBPA. This research provides a theoretical basis for further understanding of the toxicity of TBBPA and the detoxification of MT against environmental toxics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Duqiang Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
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22
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Huang QY, Chen SR, Zhao YX, Chen JM, Chen WH, Lin S, Shi QY. Melatonin enhances autologous adipose-derived stem cells to improve mouse ovarian function in relation to the SIRT6/NF-κB pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:399. [PMID: 35927704 PMCID: PMC9351187 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is the main cause of female infertility. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are ideal candidates for the treatment of POI. However, some deficient biological characteristics of ADSCs limit their utility. This study investigated whether melatonin (MLT)-pretreated autologous ADSCs were superior to ADSCs alone in the treatment of the POI mouse model. Methods Autologous ADSCs were isolated and cultured in MLT-containing medium. Surface markers of ADSCs were detected by flow cytometry. To determine the effect of MLT on ADSCs, CCK-8 assay was used to detect ADSCs proliferation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the secretion of cytokines. The POI model was established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide and busulfan. Then, MLT-pretreated autologous ADSCs were transplanted into mice by intraovarian injection. After 7 days of treatment, ovarian morphology, follicle counts, and sex hormones levels were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and ELISA, and the recovery of fertility was also observed. The expressions of SIRT6 and NF-κB were detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Flow cytometry showed that autologous ADSCs expressed CD90 (99.7%) and CD29 (97.5%). MLT can not only promote the proliferation of ADSCs but also boost their secretory function, especially when ADSCs were pretreated with 5 µM MLT for 3 days, improving the interference effect. After transplantation of autologous ADSCs pretreated with 5 µM MLT, the serum hormone levels and reproductive function were significantly recovered, and the mean counts of primordial follicle increased. At the same time, the expression of SIRT6 was remarkably increased and the expression of NF-κB was significantly decreased in this group. Conclusions MLT enhances several effects of ADSCs in restoring hormone levels, mean primordial follicle counts, and reproductive capacity in POI mice. Meanwhile, our results suggest that the SIRT6/NF-κB signal pathway may be the potential therapeutic mechanism for ADSCs to treat POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Yi Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shao-Rong Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yun-Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia-Ming Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei-Hong Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China. .,Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Qi-Yang Shi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China.
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Melatonin Receptors: A Key Mediator in Animal Reproduction. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070309. [PMID: 35878326 PMCID: PMC9320721 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a hormone produced by the mammalian pineal gland, influences various physiological activities, many of which are related to animal reproduction, including neuroendocrine function, rhythm regulation, seasonal behavior, gonadogenesis, gamete development and maturation, sexual maturation, and thermoregulation. Melatonin exerts beneficial actions mainly via binding with G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), termed MT1 and MT2. Melatonin receptors are crucial for mediating animal reproduction. This paper reviews the characteristics of melatonin receptors including MT1 and MT2, as well as their roles in mediating signal transduction and biological effects, with a focus on their function in animal reproduction. In addition, we briefly summarize the developments in pharmacological research regarding melatonin receptors as drug targets. It is expected that this review will provide a reference for further exploration and unveiling of melatonin receptor function in reproductive regulation.
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Zhu Q, Guo L, An W, Huang Z, Liu H, Zhao J, Lu W, Wang J. Melatonin inhibits testosterone synthesis in Roosters Leydig cells by regulating lipolysis of lipid droplets. Theriogenology 2022; 189:118-126. [PMID: 35753225 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Leydig cells are important component of testis cells, which can synthesize testosterone with free cholesterol derived from lipid droplets (LDs). It is well known that melatonin could regulate synthesis of testosterone. However, it is still unclear whether melatonin participates in the synthesis of testosterone by regulating the lipolysis of LDs in Leydig cells. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of melatonin on synthesis of testosterone in roosters Leydig cells by regulating lipolysis of LDs. The results showed that melatonin decreased synthesis of testosterone and intracellular free cholesterol in roosters Leydig cells. Exogenous addition of 22-OH-Cholesterol counteracted the inhibitory effect of melatonin on synthesis of testosterone. Furthermore, melatonin increased the LDs content and expression of perilipin 1 (PLIN1), and decreased expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and triacylglycerol hydrolase (ATGL) in roosters Leydig cells. In addition, silencing PLIN1 reversed the inhibitory effect of melatonin on synthesis of testosterone in roosters Leydig cells by increasing free cholesterol content and expression of HSL and ATGL, and decreasing the lipid droplet content. Activation of cAMP/PKA pathway by using the pathway activators Forskolin and 8-Bromo-cAMP attenuated the inhibitory effect of melatonin on synthesis of testosterone accompanied by increasing level of free cholesterol content and expression of HSL and ATGL, and decreasing level of lipid droplet content and expression of PLIN1 in roosters Leydig cells. These results suggested that melatonin could inhibit the synthesis of testosterone in roosters Leydig cells by reducing the content of intracellular free cholesterol in which expression of PLIN1 and cAMP/PKA pathway were inhibited to reduce the lipolysis of LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhu
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lewei Guo
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wen An
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhuncheng Huang
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Wenfa Lu
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Riviere E, Rossi SP, Tavalieri YE, Muñoz de Toro MM, Calandra RS, Mayerhofer A, Matzkin ME, Frungieri MB. Pleiotropic actions of melatonin in testicular peritubular myoid cells of immature Syrian hamsters. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130187. [PMID: 35691458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritubular myoid cells are emerging as key regulators of testicular function in adulthood. However, little is known about the role of testicular peritubular myoid cells (TPMCs) in the development of the male gonad. We found that, compared to testes of young adult hamsters, gonads of 21 day-old animals show increased melatonin concentration, seminiferous tubular wall thickening and a heterogeneous packaging of its collagen fibers thus raising the question whether melatonin may be involved in the regulation of TPMCs. METHODS We established primary cultures of TPMCs from immature hamsters (ihaTPMCs), which we found express melatonergic receptors. RESULTS Exogeneous melatonin decreased the levels of inflammatory markers (NLRP3 inflammasome, IL1β) but increased the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2, key enzyme mediating prostaglandin synthesis) and of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in ihaTPMCs. Melatonin also stimulated ihaTPMCs proliferation and the expression of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen type I and IV. Furthermore, collagen gel contraction assays revealed an enhanced ability of ihaTPMCs to contract in the presence of melatonin. CONCLUSION Melatonin regulates immune and inflammatory functions as well as contractile phenotype of the peritubular wall in the hamster testis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE If transferable to the in vivo situation, melatonin-dependent induction of ihaTPMCs to produce factors known to exert paracrine effects in other somatic cell populations of the gonad suggests that the influence of melatonin may go beyond the peritubular wall and indicates its contribution to testicular development and the establishment of a normal and sustainable spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Riviere
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Soledad P Rossi
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; Cátedra de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Yamil E Tavalieri
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Mónica M Muñoz de Toro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Ricardo S Calandra
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - María E Matzkin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; Cátedra de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Mónica B Frungieri
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; Cátedra de Química, Ciclo Básico Común, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1405CAE, Argentina.
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Shahat AM, Thundathil JC, Kastelic JP. Melatonin improves testicular hemodynamics and sperm quality in rams subjected to mild testicular heat stress. Theriogenology 2022; 188:163-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yao Y, Silver R. Mutual Shaping of Circadian Body-Wide Synchronization by the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Circulating Steroids. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:877256. [PMID: 35722187 PMCID: PMC9200072 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.877256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Steroids are lipid hormones that reach bodily tissues through the systemic circulation, and play a major role in reproduction, metabolism, and homeostasis. All of these functions and steroids themselves are under the regulation of the circadian timing system (CTS) and its cellular/molecular underpinnings. In health, cells throughout the body coordinate their daily activities to optimize responses to signals from the CTS and steroids. Misalignment of responses to these signals produces dysfunction and underlies many pathologies. Questions Addressed To explore relationships between the CTS and circulating steroids, we examine the brain clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the daily fluctuations in plasma steroids, the mechanisms producing regularly recurring fluctuations, and the actions of steroids on their receptors within the SCN. The goal is to understand the relationship between temporal control of steroid secretion and how rhythmic changes in steroids impact the SCN, which in turn modulate behavior and physiology. Evidence Surveyed The CTS is a multi-level organization producing recurrent feedback loops that operate on several time scales. We review the evidence showing that the CTS modulates the timing of secretions from the level of the hypothalamus to the steroidogenic gonadal and adrenal glands, and at specific sites within steroidogenic pathways. The SCN determines the timing of steroid hormones that then act on their cognate receptors within the brain clock. In addition, some compartments of the body-wide CTS are impacted by signals derived from food, stress, exercise etc. These in turn act on steroidogenesis to either align or misalign CTS oscillators. Finally this review provides a comprehensive exploration of the broad contribution of steroid receptors in the SCN and how these receptors in turn impact peripheral responses. Conclusion The hypothesis emerging from the recognition of steroid receptors in the SCN is that mutual shaping of responses occurs between the brain clock and fluctuating plasma steroid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yao
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Yifan Yao,
| | - Rae Silver
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Barnard College, New York City, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College, New York City, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States
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Fowler S, Hoedt EC, Talley NJ, Keely S, Burns GL. Circadian Rhythms and Melatonin Metabolism in Patients With Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:825246. [PMID: 35356051 PMCID: PMC8959415 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.825246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are cyclic patterns of physiological, behavioural and molecular events that occur over a 24-h period. They are controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the brain’s master pacemaker which governs peripheral clocks and melatonin release. While circadian systems are endogenous, there are external factors that synchronise the SCN to the ambient environment including light/dark cycles, fasting/fed state, temperature and physical activity. Circadian rhythms also provide internal temporal organisation which ensures that any internal changes that take place are centrally coordinated. Melatonin synchronises peripheral clocks to the external time and circadian rhythms are regulated by gene expression to control physiological function. Synchronisation of the circadian system with the external environment is vital for the health and survival of an organism and as circadian rhythms play a pivotal role in regulating GI physiology, disruption may lead to gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Disorders of gut-brain interactions (DGBIs), also known as functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), are a group of diseases where patients experience reoccurring gastrointestinal symptoms which cannot be explained by obvious structural abnormalities and include functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Food timing impacts on the production of melatonin and given the correlation between food intake and symptom onset reported by patients with DGBIs, chronodisruption may be a feature of these conditions. Recent advances in immunology implicate circadian rhythms in the regulation of immune responses, and DGBI patients report fatigue and disordered sleep, suggesting circadian disruption. Further, melatonin treatment has been demonstrated to improve symptom burden in IBS patients, however, the mechanisms underlying this efficacy are unclear. Given the influence of circadian rhythms on gastrointestinal physiology and the immune system, modulation of these rhythms may be a potential therapeutic option for reducing symptom burden in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Fowler
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily C. Hoedt
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Talley
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Grace L. Burns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Grace L. Burns,
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Cipolla-Neto J, Amaral FG, Soares JM, Gallo CC, Furtado A, Cavaco JE, Gonçalves I, Santos CRA, Quintela T. The Crosstalk between Melatonin and Sex Steroid Hormones. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:115-129. [PMID: 33774638 DOI: 10.1159/000516148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, an indolamine mainly released from the pineal gland, is associated with many biological functions, namely, the modulation of circadian and seasonal rhythms, sleep inducer, regulator of energy metabolism, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic. Although several pieces of evidence also recognize the influence of melatonin in the reproductive physiology, the crosstalk between melatonin and sex hormones is not clear. Here, we review the effects of sex differences in the circulating levels of melatonin and update the current knowledge on the link between sex hormones and melatonin. Furthermore, we explore the effects of melatonin on gonadal steroidogenesis and hormonal control in females. The literature review shows that despite the strong evidence that sex differences impact on the circadian profiles of melatonin, reports are still considerably ambiguous, and these differences may arise from several factors, like the use of contraceptive pills, hormonal status, and sleep deprivation. Furthermore, there has been an inconclusive debate about the characteristics of the reciprocal relationship between melatonin and reproductive hormones. In this regard, there is evidence for the role of melatonin in gonadal steroidogenesis brought about by research that shows that melatonin affects multiple transduction pathways that modulate Sertoli cell physiology and consequently spermatogenesis, and also estrogen and progesterone production. From the outcome of our research, it is possible to conclude that understanding the correlation between melatonin and reproductive hormones is crucial for the correction of several complications occurring during pregnancy, like preeclampsia, and for the control of climacteric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Maria Soares
- Laboratório de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM 58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, HCFMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - André Furtado
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Cavaco
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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30
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Aluru N, Engelhardt J. OUP accepted manuscript. Toxicol Sci 2022; 188:75-87. [PMID: 35477799 PMCID: PMC9237993 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants during preconception has been shown to affect offspring health and epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation are hypothesized to be involved in adverse outcomes. However, studies addressing the effects of exposure to environmental toxicants during preconception on epigenetic changes in gametes are limited. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of preconceptional exposure to a dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl [PCB126]) on DNA methylation and gene expression in testis. Adult zebrafish were exposed to 3 and 10 nM PCB126 for 24 h and testis tissue was sampled at 7 days postexposure for histology, DNA methylation, and gene expression profiling. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing revealed 37 and 92 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in response to 3 and 10 nM PCB126 exposures, respectively. Among them, 19 DMRs were found to be common between both PCB126 treatment groups. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of DMRs revealed that enrichment of terms such as RNA processing, iron-sulfur cluster assembly, and gluconeogenesis. Gene expression profiling showed differential expression of 40 and 1621 genes in response to 3 and 10 nM PCB126 exposures, respectively. GO analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed enrichment of terms related to xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, and immune function. There is no overlap in the GO terms or individual genes between DNA methylation and RNA sequencing results, but functionally many of the altered pathways have been shown to cause spermatogenic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Engelhardt
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig D-04107, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria
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31
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Matzkin ME, Calandra RS, Rossi SP, Bartke A, Frungieri MB. Hallmarks of Testicular Aging: The Challenge of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Therapies Using Natural and/or Pharmacological Compounds to Improve the Physiopathological Status of the Aged Male Gonad. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113114. [PMID: 34831334 PMCID: PMC8619877 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary theory of aging supports a trade-off relationship between reproduction and aging. Aging of the male reproductive system primarily affects the testes, leading to a decrease in the levels of sexual hormones, alterations in sperm quality and production, and a decline in fertility that does not necessarily involve a complete cessation of spermatogenesis. Inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis are events considered as predictors of pathogenesis and the development of age-related diseases that are frequently observed in aged testes. Although the molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood, accumulating evidence points toward pro-inflammatory molecules and reactive oxygen species as primary contributing factors for testicular aging. However, the real impact of aging-related testicular alterations on fertility, reproductive health, and life span is far from being fully revealed. This work discusses the current knowledge on the impact of aging in the testis, particularly of aging-related dysregulated inflammation and oxidative damage on the functioning of its different cell populations. More interestingly, this review covers the potential benefits of anti-aging interventions and therapies using either pharmacological compounds (such as non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication) or more natural alternatives (such as various nutraceuticals or even probiotics) that exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. Some of these are currently being investigated or are already in clinical use to delay or prevent testicular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Matzkin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (R.S.C.); (S.P.R.); (M.B.F.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Cátedra I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-114783-2869 (ext. 1209)
| | - Ricardo Saúl Calandra
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (R.S.C.); (S.P.R.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Soledad Paola Rossi
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (R.S.C.); (S.P.R.); (M.B.F.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Cátedra I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Geriatrics Research, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL 62794, USA;
| | - Mónica Beatriz Frungieri
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (R.S.C.); (S.P.R.); (M.B.F.)
- Cátedra de Química, Ciclo Básico Común, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1405CAE, Argentina
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32
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Starr KE, Burns K, Demler TL. Pharmacological and philosophical considerations for the around-the-clock use of scheduled melatonin to promote sedation and reduce aggression in individuals with serious mental illness: a case report. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 36:296-304. [PMID: 34605448 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, the endogenous hormone that helps maintain circadian rhythm, has been used exogenously for both primary and secondary sleep disorders. While the effects of melatonin given prior to planned sleep and to restore normal circadian sleep phases have been well studied, there is little information on the use of melatonin as a pharmacotherapeutic intervention for around-the-clock sedation to prevent agitation and aggressive patient behaviors. This is the first case report to our knowledge of melatonin used throughout the day, as a scheduled dose for prolonged treatment duration, to reduce aggression in a patient with severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E Starr
- Department of Pharmacy, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System
| | - Kimberly Burns
- Department of Pharmacy, New York State Office of Mental Health
| | - Tammie Lee Demler
- Department of Pharmacy, New York State Office of Mental Health
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, USA
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33
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Li G, Lv D, Yao Y, Wu H, Wang J, Deng S, Song Y, Guan S, Wang L, Ma W, Yang H, Yan L, Zhang J, Ji P, Zhang L, Lian Z, Liu G. Overexpression of ASMT likely enhances the resistance of transgenic sheep to brucellosis by influencing immune-related signaling pathways and gut microbiota. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21783. [PMID: 34403510 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100651r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule with a variety of biological functions, which include its immunoregulatory action in mammals. Brucellosis is a worldwide endemic zoonotic disease caused by the Brucella, which not only causes huge economic losses for the livestock industry but also impacts human health. To target this problem, in current study, two marker-free transgenic sheep overexpressing melatonin synthetic enzyme ASMT (acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase) gene were generated and these melatonin enrich transgenic sheep were challenged by Brucella infection. The results showed that the serum melatonin concentration was significantly higher in transgenic sheep than that of wild type (726.92 ± 70.6074 vs 263.10 ± 34.60 pg/mL, P < .05). Brucella challenge test showed that two thirds (4/6) of the wild-type sheep had brucellosis, while none of the transgenic sheep were infected. Whole-blood RNA-seq results showed that differential expression genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, phagosome, antigen processing, and presentation signaling pathways in overexpression sheep. The DEGs of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) families were verified by qPCR and it showed that TLR1, TLR2, TLR7, CD14, NAIP, and CXCL8 expression levels in overexpression sheep were significantly higher and NLRP1, NLRP3, and TNF expression levels were significantly lower than those of wild type. The rectal feces were subjected to 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, and the microbial functional analysis showed that the transgenic sheep had significantly lower abundance of microbial genes related to infectious diseases compared to the wild type, indicating overexpression animals are likely more resistant to infectious diseases than wild type. Furthermore, exogenous melatonin treatment relieved brucellosis inflammation by upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and downregulating pro-inflammatory IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ. Our preliminary results provide an informative reference for the study of the relationship between melatonin and brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yukun Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyu Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Likai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenkui Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Laiqing Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Sciences, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengyun Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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34
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Xu G, Yuan Z, Hou J, Zhao J, Liu H, Lu W, Wang J. Prolonging photoperiod promotes testosterone synthesis of Leydig cells by directly targeting local melatonin system in rooster testes. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1317-1329. [PMID: 34401899 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of prolonging photoperiod on the synthesis of testosterone and melatonin in roosters, and the effect of melatonin on testosterone synthesis in rooster Leydig cells as well as its molecular mechanisms. We randomly divided one hundred and twenty 20-week-old roosters into three groups and provided 6, 12.5 and 16 h light, respectively. The results showed that prolonging photoperiod promoted testosterone synthesis, decreased melatonin production, and inhibited the expression of melatonin membrane receptors MEL1A, MEL1B, MEL1C, and aralkylamine n-acetyltransferase (AANAT) in rooster testes. Subsequently, rooster Leydig cells were isolated and treated with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL melatonin for 36 h. The results suggested that melatonin inhibited testosterone synthesis in rooster Leydig cells, and silencing MEL1A and MEL1B relieved the inhibition of melatonin on testosterone synthesis. Additionally, melatonin reduced the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level and the phosphorylation level of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and CREB overexpression alleviated the inhibition of melatonin on testosterone synthesis. Furthermore, pretreatment with cAMP activator forskolin or protein kinase A (PKA) activator 8-bromo-cAMP blocked the inhibition of melatonin on CREB phosphorylation and testosterone synthesis. These results indicated that prolonging photoperiod promoted testosterone synthesis associated with the decrease in melatonin production and membrane receptors and biosynthetic enzyme of melatonin in rooster testes, and melatonin inhibited testosterone synthesis of rooster Leydig cells by inhibiting the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway via MEL1A and MEL1B. This may be evidence that prolonging photoperiod could promote testosterone synthesis through the inhibition of the local melatonin pathway in rooster testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoqing Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhiyu Yuan
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiani Hou
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wenfa Lu
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China
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35
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Heckmann L, Langenstroth-Röwer D, Wistuba J, Portela JMD, van Pelt AMM, Redmann K, Stukenborg JB, Schlatt S, Neuhaus N. The initial maturation status of marmoset testicular tissues has an impact on germ cell maintenance and somatic cell response in tissue fragment culture. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:374-388. [PMID: 32236422 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful in vitro spermatogenesis was reported using immature mouse testicular tissues in a fragment culture approach, raising hopes that this method could also be applied for fertility preservation in humans. Although maintaining immature human testicular tissue fragments in culture is feasible for an extended period, it remains unknown whether germ cell survival and the somatic cell response depend on the differentiation status of tissue. Employing the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus), we aimed to assess whether the maturation status of prepubertal and peri-/pubertal testicular tissues influence the outcome of testis fragment culture. Testicular tissue fragments from 4- and 8-month-old (n = 3, each) marmosets were cultured and evaluated after 0, 7, 14, 28 and 42 days. Immunohistochemistry was performed for identification and quantification of germ cells (melanoma-associated antigen 4) and Sertoli cell maturation status (anti-Müllerian hormone: AMH). During testis fragment culture, spermatogonial numbers were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the 4- but not 8-month-old monkeys, at Day 0 versus Day 42 of culture. Moreover, while Sertoli cells from 4-month-old monkeys maintained an immature phenotype (i.e. AMH expression) during culture, AMH expression was regained in two of the 8-month-old monkeys. Interestingly, progression of differentiation to later meiotic stage was solely observed in one 8-month-old marmoset, which was at an intermediate state regarding germ cell content, with gonocytes as well as spermatocytes present, as well as Sertoli cell maturation status. Although species-specific differences might influence the outcome of testis fragment experiments in vitro, our study demonstrated that the developmental status of the testicular tissues needs to be considered as it seems to be decisive for germ cell maintenance, somatic cell response and possibly the differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Heckmann
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Langenstroth-Röwer
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - J Wistuba
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - J M D Portela
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A M M van Pelt
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Redmann
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - J B Stukenborg
- NORDFERTIL Research Lab Stockholm, Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Solna, Sweden
| | - S Schlatt
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - N Neuhaus
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D11, 48149 Münster, Germany
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36
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Verón GL, Tissera AD, Bello R, Estofan GM, Hernández M, Beltramone F, Molina RI, Vazquez-Levin MH. Association between meteorological variables and semen quality: a retrospective study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:1399-1414. [PMID: 33834291 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a temperature-dependent process, and high summer temperatures have been linked to lower sperm concentration and count. However, reports describing the association between other meteorological variables and semen quality are scarce. This study evaluated the association between semen quality and temperature, humidity, pressure, apparent temperature (AT), temperature-humidity index (THI), simplified wet-bulb global temperature (sWBGT), and sunshine duration. Semen samples were obtained at the Laboratorio de Andrología y Reproducción (LAR, Argentina), from men undergoing routine andrology examination (n=11657) and computer-assisted sperm analysis (n=4705) following WHO 2010 criteria. Meteorological variables readings were obtained from the Sistema Meteorológico Nacional. Sperm quality parameters were negatively affected in summer when compared to winter. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in sperm kinematics between winter and spring. Branch and bound variable selection followed by multiple regression analysis revealed a significant association between semen quality and meteorological variables. Specifically, changes in sunshine duration and humidity reinforced the prognosis of semen quality. Highest/lowest sunshine duration and humidity quantiles resulted in decreased sperm concentration, count, motility, vitality and membrane competence, nuclear maturity, and sperm kinematics associated to highest sunshine duration and lowest humidity. Findings from this report highlight the relevance of environmental studies for predicting alterations in male reproductive health associated to variations in meteorological variables, especially considering the current climate changes around the planet due to global warming and its consequences for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Luis Verón
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (National Research Council of Argentina; CONICET)-Fundación IBYME (FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ricardo Bello
- Departamento de Metodología, Estadística y Matemática, Universidad de Tres de Febrero, Sáenz Peña, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Mariana Hernández
- Centro Integral de Ginecología, Obstetricia y Reproducción (CIGOR), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando Beltramone
- Centro Integral de Ginecología, Obstetricia y Reproducción (CIGOR), Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Mónica Hebe Vazquez-Levin
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina (National Research Council of Argentina; CONICET)-Fundación IBYME (FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Qin DZ, Cai H, He C, Yang DH, Sun J, He WL, Li BL, Hua JL, Peng S. Melatonin relieves heat-induced spermatocyte apoptosis in mouse testes by inhibition of ATF6 and PERK signaling pathways. Zool Res 2021; 42:514-524. [PMID: 34254745 PMCID: PMC8317181 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal spermatogenic processes require the scrotal temperature to be lower than that of the body as excessive heat affects spermatogenesis in the testes, reduces sperm quality and quantity, and even causes infertility. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a crucial factor in many pathologies. Although several studies have linked ERS to heat stress, researchers have not yet determined which ERS signaling pathways contribute to heat-induced testicular damage. Melatonin activates antioxidant enzymes, scavenges free radicals, and protects the testes from inflammation; however, few studies have reported on the influence of melatonin on heat-induced testicular damage. Using a murine model of testicular hyperthermia, we observed that heat stress causes both ERS and apoptosis in the testes, especially in the spermatocytes. These observations were confirmed using the mouse spermatocyte cell line GC2, where the Atf6 and Perk signaling pathways were activated during heat stress. Knockout of the above genes effectively reduced spermatocyte damage caused by heat stress. Pretreatment with melatonin alleviated heat-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the Atf6 and Perk signaling pathways. This mitigation was dependent on the melatonin receptors. In vivo experiments verified that melatonin treatment relieved heat-induced testicular damage. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that ATF6 and PERK are important mediators for heat-induced apoptosis, which can be prevented by melatonin treatment. Thus, our study highlights melatonin as a potential therapeutic agent in mammals for subfertility/infertility induced by testicular hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Zhe Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hui Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chen He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dong-Hui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wen-Lai He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ba-Lun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jin-Lian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
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Khalil SS, Aziz JA, Ismail KA, El-Malkey NF. Comparative protective effects of N-acetylcysteine and melatonin against obesity-induced testicular dysfunction in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:708-719. [PMID: 33201734 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and melatonin were reported to exert protective effects on testicular tissues. Thus, this study aimed to determine which of these is more efficient against obesity-induced testicular dysfunction in albino rats. A total of 32 adult male rats (195 ± 10 g) were divided into four groups: control, obese rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), HFD+NAC (150 mg/kg per day, i.p.) and HFD+melatonin (10 mg/kg per day, i.p.), for 5 weeks. Testes and epididymis were weighed. Lipid profile, pituitary-testicular hormones, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), epididymal sperm parameters, testicular oxidant-antioxidant system, testicular and the epididymal histopathology and immunohistochemical localization for androgen receptors (AR) and Bax reaction were analyzed. Administration of NAC or melatonin significantly improved the lipid parameters, gonadal hormones, TNFα level, sperm count and abnormal morphology, oxidant-antioxidant system and the absolute testicular and epididymal mass with an enhancement of testicular architecture, AR expression and apoptosis as compared with that in the obese group. Additionally, as compared with the NAC group, the melatonin group had significantly reduced body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and TNFα and increased testosterone, sperm count, motility, superoxide dismutase activity, mitigated histomorphometrical changes, Bax expression, and increased testicular AR expression. Therefore, melatonin was more efficient than NAC in affording fortification against HFD-induced testicular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama S Khalil
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharquia, Egypt
| | - Joseph Amin Aziz
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharquia, Egypt
| | - Khadiga Ahmed Ismail
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nanees F El-Malkey
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Al-Sharquia, Egypt
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Elmi A, Govoni N, Zannoni A, Bertocchi M, Bernardini C, Forni M, Ventrella D, Bacci ML. Testicular Melatonin and Its Pathway in Roe Deer Bucks ( Capreolus capreolus) during Pre- and Post-Rut Periods: Correlation with Testicular Involution. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071874. [PMID: 34201764 PMCID: PMC8300110 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The roe deer is a small wild ruminant, very common in Europe and Asia; adult specimens are sexually active only during summer, in very short timeframes. Peculiarly, males, also known as bucks, produce spermatozoa only in this period, with a subsequent morph-functional testicular involution. In seasonal breeders, melatonin plays a pivotal role by converting light information and controlling the testicular hormonal function and, recently, its local production within testes has been described in other species. The aim of the present work was to study testicular melatonin and its synthesis pathway in roe deer during the pre-rut (June–July) and post-rut (August–September) periods, and correlate it with morph-functional testicular changes. Samples were opportunistically obtained from hunted specimens according to the local hunting calendar. The results also seem to suggest a local melatonin production in this species, but no correlations with testicular involution parameters were highlighted, probably due to the very short sampling timeframe. More studies are necessary to understand the role of melatonin in the testicular cycle and provide more information regarding the interesting reproductive physiology of this species. Abstract Roe deer are seasonal breeders with a complete yearly testicular cycle. The peak in reproductive activity is recorded during summer, the rutting period, with the highest levels of androgens and testicular weight. Melatonin plays a pivotal role in seasonal breeders by stimulating the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonads axis and acting locally; in different species, its synthesis within testes has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological melatonin pattern within roe deer testes by comparing data obtained from animals sampled during pre- and post-rut periods. Melatonin was quantified in testicular parenchyma, along with the genetic expression of enzymes involved in its local synthesis (AANAT and ASMT) and function (UCP1). Melatonin receptors, MT1-2, were quantified both at protein and gene expression levels. Finally, to assess changes in reproductive hormonal profiles, testicular dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was quantified and used for a correlation analysis. Melatonin and AANAT were detected in all samples, without significant differences between pre- and post-rut periods. Despite DHEA levels confirming testicular involution during the post-rut period, no correlations appeared between such involution and melatonin pathways. This study represents the first report regarding melatonin synthesis in roe deer testes, opening the way for future prospective studies in the physiology of this species.
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Responses and coping methods of different testicular cell types to heat stress: overview and perspectives. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228844. [PMID: 34060622 PMCID: PMC8209165 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To facilitate temperature adjustments, the testicles are located outside the body cavity. In most mammals, the temperature of the testes is lower than the body temperature to ensure the normal progression of spermatogenesis. Rising temperatures affect spermatogenesis and eventually lead to a decline in male fertility or even infertility. However, the testes are composed of different cell types, including spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), spermatocytes, spermatozoa, Leydig cells, and Sertoli cells, which have different cellular responses to heat stress. Recent studies have shown that using different drugs can relieve heat stress-induced reproductive damage by regulating different signaling pathways. Here, we review the mechanisms by which heat stress damages different cells in testes and possible treatments.
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Melatonin ameliorates cypermethrin-induced impairments by regulating oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in porcine Sertoli cells. Theriogenology 2021; 167:67-76. [PMID: 33774368 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP) is a widely used insecticide that may be harmful to nontarget species. However, the toxicity of CYP to porcine Sertoli cells (SCs) and its associated mechanism is not known. We investigated the toxicity of CYP and showed that CYP induced cytotoxicity in porcine SCs in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistic investigations revealed that CYP induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in porcine SCs, which provoked mitochondria-associated apoptosis. CYP also stimulated the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to induce porcine SC apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation via the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) expression. The natural antioxidant melatonin had an obvious protective effect against CYP-induced porcine SC toxicity. Overall, our results reveal that the mechanism underlying CYP-induced toxicity in porcine SCs involves oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis and suggest that melatonin may be used as a highly effective protective agent against oxidative stress.
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Melatonin protects rats testes against bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin-induced toxicity via mitigating nitro-oxidative stress and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111481. [PMID: 33752059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing concern that some cytotoxic regimens for cancer adversely affect spermatogenesis and male fertility. Increasing evidence demonstrated that melatonin has beneficial impacts on reproductive processes; however, whether melatonin can protect against bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy regimen-induced testicular toxicity, remains obscure. The present study aimed to explore the effect of melatonin on BEP-evoked testicular injury in rats. Adult male Wistar rats (n = 10/group) were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with one cycle of 21 days of 0.33 therapeutically relevant dose levels of BEP (.5 mg/kg bleomycin, 5 mg/kg etoposide, and 1 mg/kg cisplatin) with or without melatonin. At the end of the study, sperm parameters, testosterone level, stereology of testes, testicular levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the expression of apoptosis-associated genes such as Bcl2, Bax, Caspase-3, p53, and TNF-α (Real-time PCR and Immunohistochemistry) were evaluated. Our findings showed that melatonin restored spermatogenesis by improving sperm count, motility, viability, and morphology. Testosterone level, histopathology, and stereology of testes were significantly improved in melatonin-administrated groups. Furthermore, melatonin recovered the oxidative status of the testes through elevating TAC and ameliorating MDA and NO levels. More importantly, melatonin therapy suppressed BEP-evoked apoptosis by modulating Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, p53, and TNF-α expression in testes. In conclusion, melatonin protects the testes against BEP-induced testicular damage by attenuating nitro-oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, which provides evidence for melatonin as a possible clinical therapy against BEP-associated gonadotoxicity and male sub/infertility.
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Guo Y, Chen H, Wang QJ, Qi X, Li Q, Fu W, Huang J, Yao CY, Liu ZY, Wang MZ, An L, Tian JH, Wu ZH. Prolonged melatonin treatment promote testicular recovery by enhancing RAC1-mediated apoptotic cell clearance and cell junction-dependent spermatogensis after heat stress. Theriogenology 2020; 162:22-31. [PMID: 33418161 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A decline in semen quality caused by global warming and torrid working conditions is a major cause of human male infertility, and heat stress-induced decreases in male reproductive ability results in economic losses in livestock husbandry. Increasing evidence suggests that melatonin exerts protective effects on stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in germ cells. However, few studies have assessed the effects of melatonin on testicular recovery during post-heat stress and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS In vivo studies using 8-week-old male CD-1 mice revealed that melatonin pretreatment (50 mg/kg for 5 days) did not alleviate heat stress-induced germ cell loss and disrupted testicular histomorphology, however, long-term melatonin administration after heat stress accelerated germ cell apoptosis, spermatogenic cell regeneration, and testicular weight recovery. In vitro studies demonstrated that melatonin enhanced RAC1 activity, resulting in increased phagocytosis of apoptotic germ cells by Sertoli cells. In addition, melatonin restored gap junctions and tight junctions after heat stress, thereby promoting hollow seminiferous tubule filling. DISCUSSION Long-term melatonin administration accelerated testicular recovery after heat stress by enhancing the phagocytotic activity of Sertoli cells and the regeneration of spermatogenic cells. This finding suggests that melatonin is a potential therapeutic for heat stress-induced male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Qiang-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chun-Yan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhong-Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mei-Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei An
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian-Hui Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhong-Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Deng SL, Zhang BL, Reiter RJ, Liu YX. Melatonin Ameliorates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Suppressing the p38MAPK Signaling Pathway in LPS-Induced Sheep Orchitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121277. [PMID: 33327643 PMCID: PMC7765110 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterial infections of the testis can lead to infectious orchitis, which negatively influences steroid hormone synthesis and spermatogenesis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall, acts via toll like receptors 4 (TLR4) to trigger innate immune responses and activate nuclear factor kappa B signaling. The protective mechanisms of melatonin on LPS-induced infectious orchitis have not been reported. Herein, we developed an LPS-induced sheep infectious orchitis model. In this model, the phagocytic activity of testicular macrophages (TM) was enhanced after melatonin treatment. Moreover, we found that melatonin suppressed secretion of TM pro-inflammatory factors by suppressing the p38MAPK pathway and promoting Leydig cell testosterone secretion. Expressions of GTP cyclohydrolase-I and NADPH oxidase-2 were reduced by melatonin while heme oxygenase-1 expression was up-regulated. Thus, melatonin reduced the severity of LPS-induced orchitis by stimulating antioxidant activity. The results of this study provide a reference for the treatment of acute infectious orchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Long Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Bao-Lu Zhang
- Marine Consulting Center of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100071, China;
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Correspondence: (R.J.R.); (Y.-X.L.); Tel.: +35-210-567-3859 (R.J.R.); +86-010-84097698 (Y.-X.L.)
| | - Yi-Xun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (R.J.R.); (Y.-X.L.); Tel.: +35-210-567-3859 (R.J.R.); +86-010-84097698 (Y.-X.L.)
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Dong Y, Zhao J, Zhu Q, Liu H, Wang J, Lu W. Melatonin inhibits the apoptosis of rooster Leydig cells by suppressing oxidative stress via AKT-Nrf2 pathway activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:1-12. [PMID: 32758663 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been described as a key driver of Leydig cell apoptosis. Melatonin has antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects, but the potential effects and mechanism of melatonin on oxidative stress and apoptosis in rooster Leydig cells remain unclear. Our results showed that melatonin biosynthetic enzymes and melatonin receptors were expressed in rooster Leydig cells and their expression were locally inhibited as rooster sexual maturation. We found that melatonin inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis of rooster Leydig cell by activating the melatonin receptors Mel-1a and Mel-1b. Additionally, melatonin protects mitochondria from damage by reducing the level of oxidative stress in Leydig cells. Melatonin relieved H2O2-induced oxidative stress by significantly reducing intracellular ROS, MDA and 8-OHdG levels and increasing SOD and GSH-Px activities. Simultaneously, melatonin significantly reduced H2O2-induced depolarization of ΔΨm and decreased the release of Cytochrome C and Ca2+. We also observed that melatonin activated the Nrf2 pathway, while Nrf2 silencing abrogated the anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of melatonin in rooster Leydig cells. Furthermore, melatonin promoted the phosphorylation of AKT, while AKT inhibitor suppressed the Nrf2 pathway activated by melatonin and alleviated the inhibitory effects of melatonin on apoptosis and oxidative stress. In conclusion, melatonin could inhibit apoptosis in rooster Leydig cells by suppressing oxidative stress via activation of the AKT-Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyunyi Dong
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qingyu Zhu
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Wenfa Lu
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Xu D, Liu L, Zhao Y, Yang L, Cheng J, Hua R, Zhang Z, Li Q. Melatonin protects mouse testes from palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress and DNA damage in a SIRT1-dependent manner. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12690. [PMID: 32761924 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA), the main component of dietary saturated fat, has been known to increase in patients with obesity, and PA-induced lipotoxicity may contribute to obesity-related male infertility. Melatonin has beneficial effects on reproductive processes; however, the effect and the underlying molecular mechanism of melatonin's involvement in PA-induced cytotoxicity in the testes are poorly understood. Our findings showed that lipotoxicity was observed in mouse testes after long-term PA treatment and that melatonin therapy restored spermatogenesis and fertility in these males. Moreover, melatonin therapy suppressed PA-induced apoptosis by modulating apoptosis-associated proteins such as Bcl2, Bax, C-Caspase3, C-Caspase12, and CHOP in type B spermatogonial stem cells. Changes in the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers (p-IRE1, p-PERK, ATF4) and intracellular Ca2+ levels showed that melatonin relieved PA-induced ER stress. Mechanistically, melatonin stimulated the expression and nuclear translocation of SIRT1 through its receptors and prevented PA-induced ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction via SIRT1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, melatonin promoted SIRT1-mediated p53 deacetylation, thereby relieving G2/M arrest in response to PA-stimulated DNA damage. Collectively, these findings indicate that melatonin protects the testes from PA-induced lipotoxicity through the activation of SIRT1, which alleviates oxidative stress, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lingbin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianyong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rongmao Hua
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qingwang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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47
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Riviere E, Rossi SP, Tavalieri YE, Muñoz de Toro MM, Ponzio R, Puigdomenech E, Levalle O, Martinez G, Terradas C, Calandra RS, Matzkin ME, Frungieri MB. Melatonin daily oral supplementation attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in testes of men with altered spermatogenesis of unknown aetiology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 515:110889. [PMID: 32622722 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown an inverse correlation between testicular melatonin concentration and inflammation/oxidative stress-related markers levels in infertile men showing unexplained azoospermia. Here, we evaluated the impact of melatonin oral supplementation (daily 3 mg dose used to treat sleep disorders) in the incidence of local inflammation, oxidative stress, and tubular wall fibrosis development in young and middle-aged infertile adult men. Compared with testes without histological alterations, gonads with morphological abnormalities showed lower melatonin concentration along with increased macrophage numbers, TBARS generation, and expression levels of inflammation-related markers and antioxidant enzymes, as well as tubular wall collagen fibers disorganization and thickening. Melatonin oral supplementation not only increased its own testicular levels but also decreased inflammation- and oxidative stress-related markers levels, and improved the tubular wall aspect. Overall, our work provides insights into the potential benefits of melatonin on the inflammatory and oxidative status in testes of patients suffering from unexplained infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Riviere
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina; Cátedra de Química, Ciclo Básico Común, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1405CAE, Argentina
| | - Soledad P Rossi
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina; Cátedra de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Yamil E Tavalieri
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Mónica M Muñoz de Toro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Roberto Ponzio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | | | - Oscar Levalle
- División Endocrinología, Hospital Durand, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1405DCS, Argentina
| | | | - Claudio Terradas
- Instituto Médico PREFER, San Martín, Buenos Aires, B1650, Argentina; División Endocrinología, Hospital Durand, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1405DCS, Argentina; Fertilidad San Isidro, Buenos Aires, B1642, Argentina
| | - Ricardo S Calandra
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina
| | - María E Matzkin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina; Cátedra de Química, Ciclo Básico Común, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1405CAE, Argentina.
| | - Mónica B Frungieri
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1428ADN, Argentina; Cátedra de Química, Ciclo Básico Común, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1405CAE, Argentina
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48
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Portela JMD, de Winter-Korver CM, van Daalen SKM, Meißner A, de Melker AA, Repping S, van Pelt AMM. Assessment of fresh and cryopreserved testicular tissues from (pre)pubertal boys during organ culture as a strategy for in vitro spermatogenesis. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:2443-2455. [PMID: 31858131 PMCID: PMC6936721 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can the organ culture method be applied to both fresh and cryopreserved human (pre)pubertal testicular tissue as a strategy for in vitro spermatogenesis? SUMMARY ANSWER Although induction of spermatogenesis was not achieved in vitro, testicular architecture, endocrine function and spermatogonial proliferation were maintained in both fresh and cryopreserved testicular tissues. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Cryopreservation of a testicular biopsy is increasingly offered as a fertility preservation strategy for prepubertal cancer patients. One of the proposed experimental approaches to restore fertility is the organ culture method, which, in the mouse model, successfully allows for in vitro development of spermatozoa from testicular biopsies. However, complete spermatogenesis from human prepubertal testicular tissue in such an organ culture system has not been demonstrated. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Testicular tissue was collected from nine (pre)pubertal boys diagnosed with cancer (ranging from 6 to 14 years of age) admitted for fertility preservation before treatment. Testicular biopsies were either immediately processed for culture or first cryopreserved, using a controlled slow freezing protocol, and thawed before culture. Organ culture of testicular fragments was performed in two different media for a maximum period of 5 weeks, targeting early cellular events (viability, meiosis and somatic differentiation) in vitro. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Fresh and cryopreserved-thawed testis fragments (1–2 mm3) were cultured at a gas–liquid interphase (34°C, 5% CO2) in Minimum Essential Medium alpha + 10% knock-out serum replacement medium containing 10−7 M melatonin and 10−6 M retinoic acid, with or without 3 IU/L FSH/LH supplementation. The effect of culture conditions on testicular fragments was weekly assessed by histological evaluation of germ cell development and immunohistochemical identification of spermatogonia (using MAGEA4), proliferative status of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells (using proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA]), intratubular cell apoptosis (by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling) and Sertoli cells maturation (using Anti-Müllerian Hormone [AMH] versus Androgen Receptor [AR]). Additionally, Leydig cells’ functionality was determined by measuring testosterone concentration in the culture media supernatants. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Neither fresh nor cryopreserved human (pre)pubertal testicular fragments were able to initiate spermatogenesis in our organ culture system. Nonetheless, our data suggest that fresh and cryopreserved testicular fragments have comparable functionality in the described organ culture conditions, as reflected by the absence of significant differences in any of the weekly evaluated functional parameters. Additionally, no significant differences were found between the two tested media when culturing fresh and cryopreserved human testicular fragments. Although spermatogonia survived and remained proliferative in all culture conditions, a significant reduction of the spermatogonial population (P ≤ 0.001) was observed over the culture period, justified by a combined reduction of proliferation activity (P ≤ 0.001) and increased intratubular cell apoptosis (P ≤ 0.001). We observed a transient increase in Sertoli cell proliferative activity, loss of AMH expression (P ≤ 0.001) but no induction of AR expression. Leydig cell endocrine function was successfully stimulated in vitro as indicated by increased testosterone production in all conditions throughout the entire culture period (P ≤ 0.02). LARGE SCALE DATA N/A LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although not noticeable in this study, we cannot exclude that if an optimized culture method ensuring complete spermatogenesis in human testicular fragments is established, differences in functional or spermatogenic efficiency between fresh and cryopreserved tissue might be found. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The current inability to initiate spermatogenesis in vitro from cryopreserved human testicular fragments should be included in the counselling of patients who are offered testicular tissue cryopreservation to preserve fertility. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This project was funded by EU-FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN 603568 `Growsperm’. None of the authors have competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M D Portela
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C M de Winter-Korver
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S K M van Daalen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Meißner
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A A de Melker
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Repping
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A M M van Pelt
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Kabukçu C, Çil N, Turan T, Özlülerden Y, Çabuş Ü, Abban Mete G. Do seasonal variations in ambient temperature, humidity and daylight duration affect semen parameters? A retrospective analysis over eight years. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13777. [PMID: 32786091 DOI: 10.1111/and.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the possible effects of seasonal variation on semen parameters. We retrospectively analysed the data of 6,116 semen samples collected at a university hospital for eight years. The past ambient temperature, relative humidity and daylight duration records, and birth registry of the province were obtained to examine the relationship of seasonal changes in semen parameters with annual birth rates and environmental factors. The mean age was 33.03 ± 6.86 years. We found a significant difference between months for sperm concentration (p < .0001), total sperm count (p < .0001), progressively motile sperm count (p < .0001) and normal sperm morphology (p = .028). The sperm concentration and total count were significantly lower in July and August compared with December, May and June. The progressively motile sperm count in October was 23.6% less than the value of May. The temperature and temperature-humidity index were negatively correlated with semen parameters. The highest number of births was in the summer. However, no correlation was present between deliveries and the semen concentration regarding months (rs = 0.199, p = .083). In conclusion, we observed significant seasonal and monthly differences in sperm concentration, sperm count and progressively motile sperm count. Increased ambient temperature due to seasonal changes may be a detrimental factor for semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Kabukçu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nazlı Çil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Tahir Turan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özlülerden
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ümit Çabuş
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Abban Mete
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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50
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Sayed RKA, Mokhtar DM, Fernández-Ortiz M, Fernández-Martínez J, Aranda-Martínez P, Escames G, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Lack of retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha accelerates and melatonin supplementation prevents testicular aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12648-12668. [PMID: 32644943 PMCID: PMC7377884 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) on male reproductive functions during aging is unclear. Here, we analyze the morphological changes in the testis of both young and aged RORα-deficient mice, with and without melatonin supplementation. Young mutants showed vacuolation, degeneration and pyknosis of spermatogenic epithelium and Sertoli cells. Aged mutants showed atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and absence of mitotic spermatogenic cells. Absence of sperms in many tubules, loss of acrosomal cap, vacuolation and hypertrophy of Sertoli cells were detected in aged mice, with a significant reduction in the number of seminiferous tubules and a significant increase in the number of Leydig cells and telocytes. Repair in seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissues with enhancement of spermatogenesis was observed in melatonin-treated aged mice. Young mutants overexpressed VEGF that was weaker in aged animals and observed only in the spermatocytes, while melatonin increased VEGF expression in spermatocytes and spermatids. Caspase 3 increased in both young and aged mutant mice in all seminiferous tubules and interstitium; caspase 3 immunostaining in seminiferous tubules, however, showed a normal pattern of apoptosis with melatonin supplementation. The present study reports that age-dependent testicular changes in RORα mutant mice were recovered by melatonin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy K A Sayed
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Mokhtar
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Marisol Fernández-Ortiz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - José Fernández-Martínez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Paula Aranda-Martínez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento, Ibs. Granada, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento, Ibs. Granada, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada 18016, Spain
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