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Sasaki D, Suzuki H, Kusamori K, Itakura S, Todo H, Nishikawa M. Development of rice bran-derived nanoparticles with excellent anti-cancer activity and their application for peritoneal dissemination. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:114. [PMID: 38493106 PMCID: PMC10943818 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice bran a by-product of the rice milling process is currently underutilized. Recent studies have shown that plant-derived nanoparticles (pdNPs) can be mass-produced at a low cost and exhibit biological and therapeutic activities. Rice bran contains various anti-cancer compounds, including γ-oryzanol and γ-tocotrienol, and rice bran-derived nanoparticles (rbNPs) can be employed as novel therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. RESULTS Koshihikari rice bran was suspended in water, and the suspension was centrifuged and filtered through a 0.45-µm-pore size syringe filter. The filtrate was ultracentrifuged, and the precipitates were suspended to obtain rbNPs. The rbNPs were negatively charged exosome-like nanoparticles with an average diameter of approximately 130 nm. The rbNPs exhibited cytotoxic activities against cancer cells but not against normal cells. The cytotoxic activity of rbNPs to murine colon adenocarcinoma colon26 cells was significantly greater than DOXIL® or other pdNPs. The rbNPs induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and reduced the expression of proliferative proteins, including β-catenin and cyclin D1. Intraperitoneal injections of rbNPs into mice bearing peritoneal dissemination of colon26 cells significantly suppressed tumor growth with no significant adverse effects. CONCLUSION These results indicated that rbNPs are promising nanoparticles, hold significant potential for anti-cancer applications, and are expected to play a vital role in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sasaki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 2641, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hinako Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 2641, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 2641, 278-8510, Japan
- Laboratory of Cellular Drug Discovery and Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 2641, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shoko Itakura
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 2641, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Todo
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 2641, 278-8510, Japan.
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Rudrapal M, Khairnar SJ, Khan J, Dukhyil AB, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, Alshabrmi FM, Palai S, Deb PK, Devi R. Dietary Polyphenols and Their Role in Oxidative Stress-Induced Human Diseases: Insights Into Protective Effects, Antioxidant Potentials and Mechanism(s) of Action. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:806470. [PMID: 35237163 PMCID: PMC8882865 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.806470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols including phenolic acids, flavonoids, catechins, tannins, lignans, stilbenes, and anthocyanidins are widely found in grains, cereals, pulses, vegetables, spices, fruits, chocolates, and beverages like fruit juices, tea, coffee and wine. In recent years, dietary polyphenols have gained significant interest among researchers due to their potential chemopreventive/protective functions in the maintenance of human health and diseases. It is believed that dietary polyphenols/flavonoids exert powerful antioxidant action for protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS)/cellular oxidative stress (OS) towards the prevention of OS-related pathological conditions or diseases. Pre-clinical and clinical evidence strongly suggest that long term consumption of diets rich in polyphenols offer protection against the development of various chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, diabetes, inflammatory disorders and infectious illness. Increased intake of foods containing polyphenols (for example, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, cyanidin etc.) has been claimed to reduce the extent of a majority of chronic oxidative cellular damage, DNA damage, tissue inflammations, viral/bacterial infections, and neurodegenerative diseases. It has been suggested that the antioxidant activity of dietary polyphenols plays a pivotal role in the prevention of OS-induced human diseases. In this narrative review, the biological/pharmacological significance of dietary polyphenols in the prevention of and/or protection against OS-induced major human diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, CVDs, diabetes mellitus, cancer, inflammatory disorders and infectious diseases have been delineated. This review specifically focuses a current understanding on the dietary sources of polyphenols and their protective effects including mechanisms of action against various major human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rasiklal M. Dhariwal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Mithun Rudrapal,
| | | | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Bin Dukhyil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M. Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Santwana Palai
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Prashanta Kumar Deb
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
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Enhancement of Antioxidant and Hydrophobic Properties of Alginate via Aromatic Derivatization: Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152575. [PMID: 34372178 PMCID: PMC8347354 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The preparation of bioactive polymeric molecules requires the attention of scientists as it has a potential function in biomedical applications. In the current study, functional substitution of alginate with a benzoyl group was prepared via coupling its hydroxyl group with benzoyl chloride. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the characteristic peaks of aromatic C=C in alginate derivative at 1431 cm−1. HNMR analysis demonstrated the aromatic protons at 7.5 ppm assigned to benzoyl groups attached to alginate hydroxyl groups. Wetting analysis showed a decrease in hydrophilicity in the new alginate derivative. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the designed aromatic alginate derivative demonstrated higher thermo-stability than alginates. The aromatic alginate derivative displayed high anti-inflammatory properties compared to alginate. Finally, the in vitro antioxidant evaluation of the aromatic alginate derivative showed a significant increase in free radical scavenging activity compared to neat alginate against DPPH (2,2-diphenyll-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS free radicals. The obtained results proposed that the new alginate derivative could be employed for gene and drug delivery applications.
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Bhunia RK, Sinha K, Kaur R, Kaur S, Chawla K. A Holistic View of the Genetic Factors Involved in Triggering Hydrolytic and Oxidative Rancidity of Rice Bran Lipids. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1915328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kshitija Sinha
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kirti Chawla
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Effects of a Rice Bran Dietary Intervention on the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota of Adults with a High Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Pilot Randomised-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020526. [PMID: 33561964 PMCID: PMC7915415 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice bran exhibits chemopreventive properties that may help to prevent colorectal cancer (CRC), and a short-term rice bran dietary intervention may promote intestinal health via modification of the intestinal microbiota. We conducted a pilot, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial to assess the feasibility of implementing a long-term (24-week) rice bran dietary intervention in Chinese subjects with a high risk of CRC, and to examine its effects on the composition of their intestinal microbiota. Forty subjects were randomised into the intervention group (n = 19) or the control group (n = 20). The intervention participants consumed 30 g of rice bran over 24-h intervals for 24 weeks, whilst the control participants consumed 30 g of rice powder on the same schedule. High rates of retention (97.5%) and compliance (≥91.3%) were observed. No adverse effects were reported. The intervention significantly enhanced the intestinal abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, and tended to increase the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the intestinal abundance of Prevotella_9 and the health-promoting Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteria, but had no effect on bacterial diversity. Overall, a 24-week rice bran dietary intervention was feasible, and may increase intestinal health by inducing health-promoting modification of the intestinal microbiota. Further larger-scale studies involving a longer intervention duration and multiple follow-up outcome assessments are recommended.
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Parker KD, Maurya AK, Ibrahim H, Rao S, Hove PR, Kumar D, Kant R, Raina B, Agarwal R, Kuhn KA, Raina K, Ryan EP. Dietary Rice Bran-Modified Human Gut Microbial Consortia Confers Protection against Colon Carcinogenesis Following Fecal Transfaunation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020144. [PMID: 33546192 PMCID: PMC7913285 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice bran, removed from whole grain rice for white rice milling, has demonstrated efficacy for the control and suppression of colitis and colon cancer in multiple animal models. Dietary rice bran intake was shown to modify human stool metabolites as a result of modifications to metabolism by gut microbiota. In this study, human stool microbiota from colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors that consumed rice bran daily was examined by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for protection from azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) induced colon carcinogenesis in germ-free mice. Mice transfaunated with rice bran-modified microbiota communities (RMC) harbored fewer neoplastic lesions in the colon and displayed distinct enrichment of Flavonifractor and Oscillibacter associated with colon health, and the depletion of Parabacteroides distasonis correlated with increased tumor burden. Two anti-cancer metabolites, myristoylcarnitine and palmitoylcarnitine were increased in the colon of RMC transplanted mice. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and tartarate that are implicated in CRC development were reduced in murine colon tissue after FMT with rice bran-modified human microbiota. Findings from this study show that rice bran modified gut microbiota from humans confers protection from colon carcinogenesis in mice and suggests integrated dietary-FMT intervention strategies should be tested for colorectal cancer control, treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher D. Parker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (K.D.P.); (H.I.); (S.R.)
| | - Akhilendra K. Maurya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.K.M.); (D.K.); (R.K.); (B.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Hend Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (K.D.P.); (H.I.); (S.R.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (K.D.P.); (H.I.); (S.R.)
| | - Petronella R. Hove
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.K.M.); (D.K.); (R.K.); (B.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Rama Kant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.K.M.); (D.K.); (R.K.); (B.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Bupinder Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.K.M.); (D.K.); (R.K.); (B.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.K.M.); (D.K.); (R.K.); (B.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Kristine A. Kuhn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (E.P.R.); Tel.: +1-970-491-1536 (E.P.R.)
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (K.D.P.); (H.I.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (E.P.R.); Tel.: +1-970-491-1536 (E.P.R.)
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Park MK, Lee JC, Lee JW, Kang S, Kim J, Park MH, Hwang SJ, Lee M. Effects of fermented rice bran on DEN-induced oxidative stress in mice: GSTP1, LINE-1 methylation, and telomere length ratio. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13274. [PMID: 32468620 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN), a well-known carcinogen, not only induces excessive reactive oxygen species but also suppresses DNA methylation. This study investigated the effect of fermented rice bran (FRB) treatment on DEN-induced oxidative stress through DNA methylation and telomere length analysis. To evaluate the potential protective role of FRB in oxidative stress, two different doses of FRB, DEN, and their combination were administered to mice that were preadapted or not to FRB. Glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) methylation levels significantly decreased at 2 and 24 hr after FRB and DEN co-administration in mice with and without pre-adaptation. Moreover, GSTP1 mRNA was upregulated under DEN-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, changes in long interspersed nuclear element-1 methylation were observed from the viewpoint of genomic instability. In addition, FRB preadapted mice displayed a lower telomere length ratio than the non-adapted mice, suggesting that FRB adaptation offers advantages over the non-adapted conditions in terms of inflammation suppression. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: DEN induces excessive ROS, which is associated with oxidative stress on DNA and other cellular components, resulting in inflammation. This study shows that FRB may alleviate DEN-triggered oxidative stress, based on changes in GSTP1, LINE-1 methylation, and telomere length ratios, thereby, revealing the potential of dietary intervention during inflammation. Furthermore, this study furthers the current understanding of DNA methylation mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of functional food components. These results indicate that dietary inclusion of FRB may help decrease oxidative DNA damage and its associated inflammation at early stages of a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Koo Park
- Nutrigenetics Institute, Bio-Innovation Park, Erom, Inc., Uiwang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Chan Lee
- Nutrigenetics Institute, Bio-Innovation Park, Erom, Inc., Uiwang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Nutrigenetics Institute, Bio-Innovation Park, Erom, Inc., Uiwang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kang
- Bio R&D Division, Bio-Innovation Park, Erom, Inc., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - JoongHark Kim
- Bio R&D Division, Bio-Innovation Park, Erom, Inc., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Houn Park
- Bio R&D Division, Bio-Innovation Park, Erom, Inc., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Hwang
- Integrated Medicine Institute, Loving Care Hospital, Sampyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - MinJae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Fan L, Huang R, Wu C, Cao Y, Du T, Pu G, Wang H, Zhou W, Li P, Kim SW. Defatted Rice Bran Supplementation in Diets of Finishing Pigs: Effects on Physiological, Intestinal Barrier, and Oxidative Stress Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030449. [PMID: 32182669 PMCID: PMC7143537 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Most studies on dietary fiber mainly focus on the digestibility of feed nutrients and microbial flora, etc. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the regulation of immune and oxidative stress of the intestinal tract by dietary fiber. This study investigated the effects of varying levels of defatted rice bran replacing corn on physiological, intestinal barrier, and oxidative stress parameters in finishing pigs. Based on the current findings, a high diet of rice bran will not only reduce the level of inflammatory factors in the peripheral blood of finishing pigs, but also enhance the healthy level of the colon through mucin2 and keap1-Nrf2 pathways. Our results can be used as reference for dietary rice bran to improve intestinal health in finishing pigs. Abstract Rice bran is a waste product with low cost and high fiber content, giving it an added advantage over corn and soybean meal, which have to be purchased and always at a relatively higher cost. Under the background of increased attention to sustainable agriculture, it is significant to find alternative uses for this byproduct. A total of 35 finishing pigs were allotted to five dietary treatments: a control group with basal diet and four experimental diets where corn was equivalently substituted by 7%, 14%, 21%, and 28% defatted rice bran (DFRB), respectively. With increasing levels of DFRB, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) linearly decreased (p < 0.05). In the jejunum, the mRNA level of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) exhibited a quadratic response (p < 0.01) with incremental levels of DFRB. In the colon, the mRNA levels of mucin 2 (MUC2), Nrf2, and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) were upregulated (linear, p < 0.05) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was upregulated (linear, p < 0.01). Overall, using DFRB to replace corn decreased the inflammatory biomarkers of serum and showed potential function in modulating the intestinal barrier by upregulating the mRNA expression levels of MUC2 and downregulating that of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1 in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Fan
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.F.); (R.H.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (T.D.); (G.P.); (H.W.); (W.Z.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.F.); (R.H.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (T.D.); (G.P.); (H.W.); (W.Z.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China
- Industrial Technology System Integration Innovation Center of Jiangsu Modern Agriculture (PIG), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chengwu Wu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.F.); (R.H.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (T.D.); (G.P.); (H.W.); (W.Z.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.F.); (R.H.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (T.D.); (G.P.); (H.W.); (W.Z.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Taoran Du
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.F.); (R.H.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (T.D.); (G.P.); (H.W.); (W.Z.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Guang Pu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.F.); (R.H.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (T.D.); (G.P.); (H.W.); (W.Z.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.F.); (R.H.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (T.D.); (G.P.); (H.W.); (W.Z.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Wuduo Zhou
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.F.); (R.H.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (T.D.); (G.P.); (H.W.); (W.Z.)
- Industrial Technology System Integration Innovation Center of Jiangsu Modern Agriculture (PIG), Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.F.); (R.H.); (C.W.); (Y.C.); (T.D.); (G.P.); (H.W.); (W.Z.)
- Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian 223003, China
- Industrial Technology System Integration Innovation Center of Jiangsu Modern Agriculture (PIG), Nanjing 210095, China
- Nanjing Agricultural University’s New Rural Research and Development Corporation of Huaian City, Huaian 223003, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
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Phytochemicals and Gastrointestinal Cancer: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Change Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010105. [PMID: 31936288 PMCID: PMC7022462 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a prevailing global health disease with a high incidence rate which varies by region. It is a huge economic burden on health care providers. GI cancer affects different organs in the body such as the gastric organs, colon, esophagus, intestine, and pancreas. Internal and external factors like smoking, obesity, urbanization, genetic mutations, and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viral infections could increase the risk of GI cancer. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive secondary compounds abundantly found in fruits, grains, and vegetables. Consumption of phytochemicals may protect against chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Multiple studies have assessed the chemoprotective effect of selected phytochemicals in GI cancer, offering support to their potential towards reducing the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge addressing the anti-cancerous effects of selected dietary phytochemicals on GI cancer and their molecular activities on selected mechanisms, i.e., nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), detoxification enzymes, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), wingless-related integration site/β-catenin (wingless-related integration site (Wnt) β-catenin, cell apoptosis, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/ protein kinase B AKT/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In this review phytochemicals were classified into four main categories: (i) carotenoids, including lutein, lycopene, and β-carotene; (ii) proanthocyanidins, including quercetin and ellagic acid; (iii) organosulfur compounds, including allicin, allyl propyl disulphide, asparagusic acid, and sulforaphane; and (iv) other phytochemicals including pectin, curcumins, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Overall, phytochemicals improve cancer prognosis through the downregulation of β-catenin phosphorylation, therefore enhancing apoptosis, and upregulation of the AMPK pathway, which supports cellular homeostasis. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of cancer treatment using phytochemicals and possible side effects associated with this approach.
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TANAKA T, OYAMA T, SUGIE S. Dietary Tricin Suppresses Inflammation-Related Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:S100-S103. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.s100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuji TANAKA
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology (DDP) & Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology (RC-DiP), Gifu Municipal Hospital
| | - Takeru OYAMA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Shigeyuku SUGIE
- Department of Pathology, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Asahi University, School of Dentistry
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Nealon NJ, Parker KD, Lahaie P, Ibrahim H, Maurya AK, Raina K, Ryan EP. Bifidobacterium longum-fermented rice bran and rice bran supplementation affects the gut microbiome and metabolome. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:823-839. [PMID: 31965839 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated gut microbiota composition along with food, host, and microbial derived metabolites in the colon and systemic circulation of healthy mice following dietary rice bran and fermented rice bran intake. Adult male BALB/c mice were fed a control diet or one of two experimental diets containing 10% w/w rice bran fermented by Bifidobacterium longum or 10% w/w non-fermented rice bran for 15 weeks. Metabolomics was performed on the study diets (food), the murine colon and whole blood. These were analysed in concert with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of faeces, caecum, and colon microbiomes. Principal components analysis of murine microbiota composition displayed marked separation between control and experimental diets, and between faecal and tissue (caecum and colon) microbiomes. Colon and caecal microbiomes in both experimental diet groups showed enrichment of Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridiales related amplicon sequence variants compared to control. Bacterial composition was largely similar between experimental diets. Metabolite profiling revealed 530 small molecules comprising of 39% amino acids and 21% lipids that had differential abundances across food, colon, and blood matrices, and statistically significant between the control, rice bran, and fermented rice bran groups. The amino acid metabolite, N-delta-acetylornithine, was notably increased by B. longum rice bran fermentation when compared to non-fermented rice bran in food, colon, and blood. These findings support that dietary intake of rice bran fermented with B. longum modulates multiple metabolic pathways important to the gut and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Nealon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80521 CO, USA
| | - K D Parker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - P Lahaie
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - H Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.,Zagazig University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - A K Maurya
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - K Raina
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - E P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80521 CO, USA.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, Division of Cancer Control and Prevention, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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12
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Lin P, Li S, Lin H, Shih C. Germinated brown rice combined with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis inhibits colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:216-224. [PMID: 30680175 PMCID: PMC6341155 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common cancer strongly associated with diet. Certain probiotics and prebiotics possess an inhibitory activity against colorectal cancer, while synbiotics may be more effective in preventing this cancer than either prebiotics or probiotics alone. Germinated brown rice (GBR) is considered as a candidate prebiotics with anticancer potential. However, the effect of GBR combined with probiotics on colorectal cancer is not clear. The present study investigated the preventive effect of combination of GBR and Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, or both on colorectal carcinogenesis and the possible mechanism in rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). DMH/DSS treatment induced preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and mucin-depleted foci (MDF), reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression, and decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic p53, Bax, and caspase-3 in the colon. Germinated brown rice alone or combined with probiotics inhibited the formation of MDF in the middle colon, enhanced the colonic expression of p53 and Bax, and increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Combined treatment of GBR and probiotics inhibited the formation of ACF-producing sialomucin (SIM-ACF) and recovered the activity of SOD in the colon. Combination of GBR and L. acidophilus further increased caspase-3 expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression. These findings suggest that GBR combined with L. acidophilus and/or B. animalis subsp. lactis may inhibit colorectal carcinogenesis by enhancing antioxidative capacity and inducing apoptosis. This synbiotics may be a potential functional food or chemopreventive agent for controlling colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao‐Ying Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Sing‐Chung Li
- School of Nutrition and Health SciencesCollege of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hui‐Pu Lin
- School of Nutrition and Health SciencesCollege of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Kuang Shih
- School of Nutrition and Health SciencesCollege of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- School of Food SafetyCollege of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Master Program in Food SafetyCollege of NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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13
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Sericin/RBA embedded gellan gum based smart nanosystem for pH responsive drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1561-1571. [PMID: 30261261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides protein complex offers a green alternative to synthetic polymers in the drug delivery system. Sericin (SC), a natural protein, in combination with rice bran albumin (RBA) and gellan gum (GG) forms a green based protein polysaccharide complex. The sericin functionalized gellan gum-rice bran (SC-GG-RBA) nanocomposites were characterized by different characterization techniques. It shows their prominent ability in balancing the biocompatibility, stability, biodegradability, and functionality of nanocarriers. The nanocomposites exhibited spherical shape with core protein-polysaccharide structures, and the average size was about 218 nm. High amount of Doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated into SC-GG-RBA nanocomposites in order to investigate the effective drug release in acidic tumor environment. DOX of 84% was released in vitro condition after 120 h in pH 4.0. DOX loaded green nanocomposites shows IC50 5 μg/mL which was very low compared to free DOX of 9 μg/mL after treatment with MCF-7 cells. Only 42% of cells were survived after treatment with green nanocomposites. This was due to the effective uptake of nanomaterial by cancer cells and direct release of DOX in cytoplasmic region. Such high performance green nanocomposites have great potential in expanding the utilization of biomaterial from natural resources and development of sensible application in biomedical field.
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