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Zhan T, Song W, Jing G, Yuan Y, Kang N, Zhang Q. Zebrafish live imaging: a strong weapon in anticancer drug discovery and development. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1807-1835. [PMID: 38514602 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Developing anticancer drugs is a complex and time-consuming process. The inability of current laboratory models to reflect important aspects of the tumor in vivo limits anticancer medication research. Zebrafish is a rapid, semi-automated in vivo screening platform that enables the use of non-invasive imaging methods to monitor morphology, survival, developmental status, response to drugs, locomotion, or other behaviors. Zebrafish models are widely used in drug discovery and development for anticancer drugs, especially in conjunction with live imaging techniques. Herein, we concentrated on the use of zebrafish live imaging in anticancer therapeutic research, including drug screening, efficacy assessment, toxicity assessment, and mechanism studies. Zebrafish live imaging techniques have been used in numerous studies, but this is the first time that these techniques have been comprehensively summarized and compared side by side. Finally, we discuss the hypothesis of Zebrafish Composite Model, which may provide future directions for zebrafish imaging in the field of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Zhan
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqian Song
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Jing
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Yuan
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Kang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
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van Alen I, Aguirre García MA, Maaskant JJ, Kuijl CP, Bitter W, Meijer AH, Ubbink M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-lactamase variant reduces sensitivity to ampicillin/avibactam in a zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum model of tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15406. [PMID: 37717068 PMCID: PMC10505137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-lactamase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, BlaC, hydrolyzes β-lactam antibiotics, hindering the use of these antibiotics for the treatment of tuberculosis. Inhibitors, such as avibactam, can reversibly inhibit the enzyme, allowing for the development of combination therapies using both antibiotic and inhibitor. However, laboratory evolution studies using Escherichia coli resulted in the discovery of single amino acid variants of BlaC that reduce the sensitivity for inhibitors or show higher catalytic efficiency against antibiotics. Here, we tested these BlaC variants under more physiological conditions using the M. marinum infection model of zebrafish, which recapitulates hallmark features of tuberculosis, including the intracellular persistence of mycobacteria in macrophages and the induction of granuloma formation. To this end, the M. tuberculosis blaC gene was integrated into the chromosome of a blaC frameshift mutant of M. marinum. Subsequently, the resulting strains were used to infect zebrafish embryos in order to test the combinatorial effect of ampicillin and avibactam. The results show that embryos infected with an M. marinum strain producing BlaC show lower infection levels after treatment than untreated embryos. Additionally, BlaC K234R showed higher infection levels after treatment than those infected with bacteria producing the wild-type enzyme, demonstrating that the zebrafish host is less sensitive to the combinatorial therapy of β-lactam antibiotic and inhibitor. These findings are of interest for future development of combination therapies to treat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona van Alen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mayra A Aguirre García
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke J Maaskant
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coenraad P Kuijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie H Meijer
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcellus Ubbink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Quadri M, Tiso N, Musmeci F, Morasso MI, Brooks SR, Bonetti LR, Panini R, Lotti R, Marconi A, Pincelli C, Palazzo E. CD271 activation prevents low to high-risk progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and improves therapy outcomes. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:167. [PMID: 37443031 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most prevalent form of skin cancer, showing a rapid increasing incidence worldwide. Although most cSCC can be cured by surgery, a sizeable number of cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, with local invasion and distant metastatic lesions. In the skin, neurotrophins (NTs) and their receptors (CD271 and Trk) form a complex network regulating epidermal homeostasis. Recently, several works suggested a significant implication of NT receptors in cancer. However, CD271 functions in epithelial tumors are controversial and its precise role in cSCC is still to be defined. METHODS Spheroids from cSCC patients with low-risk (In situ or Well-Differentiated cSCC) or high-risk tumors (Moderately/Poorly Differentiated cSCC), were established to explore histological features, proliferation, invasion abilities, and molecular pathways modulated in response to CD271 overexpression or activation in vitro. The effect of CD271 activities on the response to therapeutics was also investigated. The impact on the metastatic process and inflammation was explored in vivo and in vitro, by using zebrafish xenograft and 2D/3D models. RESULTS Our data proved that CD271 is upregulated in Well-Differentiated tumors as compared to the more aggressive Moderately/Poorly Differentiated cSCC, both in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrated that CD271 activities reduce proliferation and malignancy marker expression in patient-derived cSCC spheroids at each tumor grade, by increasing neoplastic cell differentiation. CD271 overexpression significantly increases cSCC spheroid mass density, while it reduces their weight and diameter, and promotes a major fold-enrichment in differentiation and keratinization genes. Moreover, both CD271 overexpression and activation decrease cSCC cell invasiveness in vitro. A significant inhibition of the metastatic process by CD271 was observed in a newly established zebrafish cSCC model. We found that the recruitment of leucocytes by CD271-overexpressing cells directly correlates with tumor killing and this finding was further highlighted by monocyte infiltration in a THP-1-SCC13 3D model. Finally, CD271 activity synergizes with Trk receptor inhibition, by reducing spheroid viability, and significantly improves the outcome of photodynamic therapy (PTD) or chemotherapy in spheroids and zebrafish. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that CD271 could prevent the switch between low to high-risk cSCC tumors. Because CD271 contributes to maintaining active differentiative paths and favors the response to therapies, it might be a promising target for future pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Quadri
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Maria I Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen R Brooks
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Reggiani Bonetti
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rossana Panini
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberta Lotti
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Pincelli
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Palazzo
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
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Cappello A, Zuccotti A, Mancini M, Tosetti G, Fania L, Ricci F, Melino G, Candi E. Serine and one-carbon metabolism sustain non-melanoma skin cancer progression. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:102. [PMID: 36964165 PMCID: PMC10039038 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a tumor that arises from human keratinocytes, showing abnormal control of cell proliferation and aberrant stratification. Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (cBCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are the most common sub-types of NMSC. From a molecular point of view, we are still far from fully understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the onset and progression of NMSC and to unravel targetable vulnerabilities to leverage for their treatment, which is still essentially based on surgery. Under this assumption, it is still not elucidated how the central cellular metabolism, a potential therapeutical target, is involved in NMSC progression. Therefore, our work is based on the characterization of the serine anabolism/catabolism and/or one-carbon metabolism (OCM) role in NMSC pathogenesis. Expression and protein analysis of normal skin and NMSC samples show the alteration of the expression of two enzymes involved in the serine metabolism and OCM, the Serine Hydroxy-Methyl Transferase 2 (SHMT2) and Methylen-ThetraHydroFolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase 2 (MTHFD2). Tissues analysis shows that these two enzymes are mainly expressed in the proliferative areas of cBCC and in the poorly differentiated areas of cSCC, suggesting their role in tumor proliferation maintenance. Moreover, in vitro silencing of SHMT2 and MTHFD2 impairs the proliferation of epidermoid cancer cell line. Taken together these data allow us to link the central cellular metabolism (serine and/or OCM) and NMSC proliferation and progression, offering the opportunity to modulate pharmacologically the involved enzymes activity against this type of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cappello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mara Mancini
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Tosetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Fania
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167, Rome, Italy.
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Sathiyanarayanan A, Yashwanth BS, Pinto N, Thakuria D, Chaudhari A, Gireesh Babu P, Goswami M. Establishment and characterization of a new fibroblast-like cell line from the skin of a vertebrate model, zebrafish (Danio rerio). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:19-29. [PMID: 36289143 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The available fully sequenced genome and genetic similarities compared to humans make zebrafish a prominent in vitro vertebrate model for drug discovery & screening, toxicology, and radiation biology. Zebrafish also possess well developed immune systems which is ideal for studying infectious diseases. Fish skin confers immunity by serving as a physical barrier against the invading pathogens in the aquatic habitat. Therefore in vitro models from the skin tissue of zebrafish help to study the physiology, functional genes in vitro, wound healing, and pathogenicity of microbes. Hence the study aimed to develop and characterize a skin cell line from the wild-type zebrafish Danio rerio. METHODS AND RESULTS A novel cell line designated as DRS (D. rerio skin) was established and characterized from the skin tissue of wild-type zebrafish, D. rerio, by the explant technique. The cells thrived well in the Leibovitz's -15 medium supplemented with 15% FBS and routinely passaged at regular intervals. The DRS cells mainly feature fibroblast-like morphology. The culture conditions of the cells were determined by incubating the cells at varying concentrations of FBS and temperature; the optimum was 15% FBS and 28 °C, respectively. Cells were cryopreserved and revived with 70-75% viability at different passage levels. Two extracellular products from bacterial species Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda were tested and found toxic to the DRS cells. Mitochondrial genes, namely COI and 16S rRNA PCR amplification and partial sequencing authenticated the species of origin of cells. The modal diploid (2n) chromosome number of the cells was 50. The cell line DRS was found to be free from mycoplasma. The cells were transfected with pMaxGFP plasmid and tested positive for green fluorescence at 24-48 h post-transfection. CONCLUSION The findings from this study thus confirm the usefulness of the developed cell line in bacterial susceptibility and transgene expression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjunan Sathiyanarayanan
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - B S Yashwanth
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Nevil Pinto
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Dimpal Thakuria
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Industrial Area, Bhimtal, 263136, India
| | - Aparna Chaudhari
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - P Gireesh Babu
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Boduppal Post, Hyderabad, 500092, India
| | - Mukunda Goswami
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India.
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Takan I, Karakülah G, Louka A, Pavlopoulou A. "In the light of evolution:" keratins as exceptional tumor biomarkers. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15099. [PMID: 36949761 PMCID: PMC10026720 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratins (KRTs) are the intermediate filament-forming proteins of epithelial cells, classified, according to their physicochemical properties, into "soft" and "hard" keratins. They have a key role in several aspects of cancer pathophysiology, including cancer cell invasion and metastasis, and several members of the KRT family serve as diagnostic or prognostic markers. The human genome contains both, functional KRT genes and non-functional KRT pseudogenes, arranged in two uninterrupted clusters on chromosomes 12 and 17. This characteristic renders KRTs ideal for evolutionary studies. Herein, comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of KRT homologous proteins in the genomes of major taxonomic divisions were performed, so as to fill a gap in knowledge regarding the functional implications of keratins in cancer biology among tumor-bearing species. The differential expression profiles of KRTs in diverse types of cancers were investigated by analyzing high-throughput data, as well. Several KRT genes, including the phylogenetically conserved ones, were found to be deregulated across several cancer types and to participate in a common protein-protein interaction network. This indicates that, at least in cancer-bearing species, these genes might have been under similar evolutionary pressure, perhaps to support the same important function(s). In addition, semantic relations between KRTs and cancer were detected through extensive text mining. Therefore, by applying an integrative in silico pipeline, the evolutionary history of KRTs was reconstructed in the context of cancer, and the potential of using non-mammalian species as model organisms in functional studies on human cancer-associated KRT genes was uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işıl Takan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Karakülah
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aikaterini Louka
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
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Charbonneau M, Harper K, Brochu-Gaudreau K, Perreault A, McDonald PP, Ekindi-Ndongo N, Jeldres C, Dubois CM. Establishment of a ccRCC patient-derived chick chorioallantoic membrane model for drug testing. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1003914. [PMID: 36275794 PMCID: PMC9582329 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1003914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is an aggressive subtype of renal cell carcinoma accounting for the majority of deaths in kidney cancer patients. Advanced ccRCC has a high mortality rate as most patients progress and develop resistance to currently approved targeted therapies, highlighting the ongoing need for adequate drug testing models to develop novel therapies. Current animal models are expensive and time-consuming. In this study, we investigated the use of the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), a rapid and cost-effective model, as a complementary drug testing model for ccRCC. Our results indicated that tumor samples from ccRCC patients can be successfully cultivated on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) within 7 days while retaining their histopathological characteristics. Furthermore, treatment of ccRCC xenografts with sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of metastatic RCC, allowed us to evaluate differential responses of individual patients. Our results indicate that the CAM model is a complementary in vivo model that allows for rapid and cost-effective evaluation of ccRCC patient response to drug therapy. Therefore, this model has the potential to become a useful platform for preclinical evaluation of new targeted therapies for the treatment of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Charbonneau
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Kelly Harper
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Brochu-Gaudreau
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alexis Perreault
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Claudio Jeldres
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Claire M. Dubois
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Claire M. Dubois
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Schröter L, Ventura N. Nanoplastic Toxicity: Insights and Challenges from Experimental Model Systems. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201680. [PMID: 35810458 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastic particles (NPs) can be produced or derived from the degradation of several daily used products and can therefore be found in the air, water, and food. Every day, these microscopic particles are confronted by different routes of exposure. Recent investigations have shown the internalization of these particles, differing in size and modification, in vivo in aquatic organisms and terrestrial organisms, as well as in vitro in different human cell lines. During the last years, the number of studies investigating the effects of NPs using widely different model systems and experimental approaches is exponentially growing, thus providing information about NPs, especially about polystyrene particle toxicity on health. To facilitate the grasping of the most relevant information, an overview is provided on the toxic effects of NPs coming from studies in cellular systems and in vivo in model organisms and on aspects which can be of particular relevance for particle toxicity (e.g., particle internalization mechanisms and structural modifications). Major achievements and gaps in the field as well as the point of view on how more systematic studies and exploitation of in vivo model organisms may improve the knowledge on important aspects of NPs are also pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schröter
- IUF-Leibniz Institute for Environmental Medicine at the Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Natascia Ventura
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Russo I, Sartor E, Fagotto L, Colombo A, Tiso N, Alaibac M. The Zebrafish model in dermatology: an update for clinicians. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:48. [PMID: 35713744 PMCID: PMC9206045 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the zebrafish has been established as one of the most important model organisms for medical research. Several studies have proved that there is a high level of similarity between human and zebrafish genomes, which encourages the use of zebrafish as a model for understanding human genetic disorders, including cancer. Interestingly, zebrafish skin shows several similarities to human skin, suggesting that this model organism is particularly suitable for the study of neoplastic and inflammatory skin disorders. This paper appraises the specific characteristics of zebrafish skin and describes the major applications of the zebrafish model in dermatological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Russo
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Emma Sartor
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Fagotto
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Colombo
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Via Gallucci 4, 35128, Padua, Italy.
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Sarohi V, Srivastava S, Basak T. Comprehensive Mapping and Dynamics of Site-Specific Prolyl-Hydroxylation, Lysyl-Hydroxylation and Lysyl O-Glycosylation of Collagens Deposited in ECM During Zebrafish Heart Regeneration. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:892763. [PMID: 35782869 PMCID: PMC9245515 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.892763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis-mediated heart failure (HF) is one of the major forms of end-stage cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cardiac fibrosis is an adaptive response of the myocardium upon any insult/injury. Excessive deposition of collagen molecules in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is the hallmark of fibrosis. This fibrotic response initially protects the myocardium from ventricular rupture. Although in mammals this fibrotic response progresses towards scar-tissue formation leading to HF, some fishes and urodeles have mastered the art of cardiac regeneration following injury-mediated fibrotic response. Zebrafish have a unique capability to regenerate the myocardium after post-amputation injury. Following post-amputation, the ECM of the zebrafish heart undergoes extensive remodeling and deposition of collagen. Being the most abundant protein of ECM, collagen plays important role in the assembly and cell-matrix interactions. However, the mechanism of ECM remodeling is not well understood. Collagen molecules undergo heavy post-translational modifications (PTMs) mainly hydroxylation of proline, lysine, and glycosylation of lysine during biosynthesis. The critical roles of these PTMs are emerging in several diseases, embryonic development, cell behavior regulation, and cell-matrix interactions. The site-specific identification of these collagen PTMs in zebrafish heart ECM is not known. As these highly modified peptides are not amenable to mass spectrometry (MS), the site-specific identification of these collagen PTMs is challenging. Here, we have implemented our in-house proteomics analytical pipeline to analyze two ECM proteomics datasets (PXD011627, PXD010092) of the zebrafish heart during regeneration (post-amputation). We report the first comprehensive site-specific collagen PTM map of zebrafish heart ECM. We have identified a total of 36 collagen chains (19 are reported for the first time here) harboring a total of 95 prolyl-3-hydroxylation, 108 hydroxylysine, 29 galactosyl-hydroxylysine, and 128 glucosylgalactosyl-hydroxylysine sites. Furthermore, we comprehensively map the three chains (COL1A1a, COL1A1b, and COL1A2) of collagen I, the most abundant protein in zebrafish heart ECM. We achieved more than 95% sequence coverage for all the three chains of collagen I. Our analysis also revealed the dynamics of prolyl-3-hydroxylation occupancy oscillations during heart regeneration at these sites. Moreover, quantitative site-specific analysis of lysine-O-glycosylation microheterogeneity during heart regeneration revealed a significant (p < 0.05) elevation of site-specific (K1017) glucosylgalactosyl-hydroxylysine on the col1a1a chain. Taken together, these site-specific PTM maps and the dynamic changes of site-specific collagen PTMs in ECM during heart regeneration will open up new avenues to decode ECM remodeling and may lay the foundation to tinker the cardiac regeneration process with new approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sarohi
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)- Mandi, Mandi, India
- BioX Center, IIT-Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Shriya Srivastava
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)- Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Trayambak Basak
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)- Mandi, Mandi, India
- BioX Center, IIT-Mandi, Mandi, India
- *Correspondence: Trayambak Basak,
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11
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Quadri M, Marconi A, Sandhu SK, Kiss A, Efimova T, Palazzo E. Investigating Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in vitro and in vivo: Novel 3D Tools and Animal Models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:875517. [PMID: 35646967 PMCID: PMC9131878 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.875517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) represents the second most common type of skin cancer, which incidence is continuously increasing worldwide. Given its high frequency, cSCC represents a major public health problem. Therefore, to provide the best patients’ care, it is necessary having a detailed understanding of the molecular processes underlying cSCC development, progression, and invasion. Extensive efforts have been made in developing new models allowing to study the molecular pathogenesis of solid tumors, including cSCC tumors. Traditionally, in vitro studies were performed with cells grown in a two-dimensional context, which, however, does not represent the complexity of tumor in vivo. In the recent years, new in vitro models have been developed aiming to mimic the three-dimensionality (3D) of the tumor, allowing the evaluation of tumor cell-cell and tumor-microenvironment interaction in an in vivo-like setting. These models include spheroids, organotypic cultures, skin reconstructs and organoids. Although 3D models demonstrate high potential to enhance the overall knowledge in cancer research, they lack systemic components which may be solved only by using animal models. Zebrafish is emerging as an alternative xenotransplant model in cancer research, offering a high-throughput approach for drug screening and real-time in vivo imaging to study cell invasion. Moreover, several categories of mouse models were developed for pre-clinical purpose, including xeno- and syngeneic transplantation models, autochthonous models of chemically or UV-induced skin squamous carcinogenesis, and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of cSCC. These models have been instrumental in examining the molecular mechanisms of cSCC and drug response in an in vivo setting. The present review proposes an overview of in vitro, particularly 3D, and in vivo models and their application in cutaneous SCC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Quadri
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simran K Sandhu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alexi Kiss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tatiana Efimova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,The George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Elisabetta Palazzo
- DermoLAB, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Jiang J, Wang L, Zhang C, Zhao X. Health risks of sulfentrazone exposure during zebrafish embryo-larvae development at environmental concentration. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132632. [PMID: 34687687 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the negative effects and mechanism of sulfentrazone (SUL) on aquatic early life stages is still limited. Here we investigated the lethal and sub-lethal effects of SUL during zebrafish embryo-larvae development. Results demonstrated that the 96 h and 120 h-LC50 of SUL to embryonic zebrafish was 2.02 mg/L, and the 30 d-LC50 was 0.899 mg/L after embryos exposed to SUL for 30 d. High concentrations of SUL delayed yolk sac absorption, disordered the hatching and heart rate during zebrafish embryonic stage, while 0.0100-0.100 mg/L SUL had no phenotypic changes on embryonic development, but decreased the body weight of larvae after 30 d exposure. RNA-seq identified 321, 394 and 727 differentially expressed genes in larvae after embryos exposed to 0.0100 mg/L, 0.0400 mg/L and 0.400 mg/L SUL for 30 d, found that the transcriptional profiles involved in heart development and endocrine disruption were simultaneously influenced by different concentrations of SUL, such as adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, cardiac muscle contraction, cell adhesion molecules and steroid biosynthesis. Biochemical analysis showed that SUL increased the levels of E2, T3 and TSH, induced the activities of mitochondrial complex IV, cytochrome c oxidase, Ca2+-ATPase, total Na+K+-ATPase and Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase, and decreased ATP formation after embryos exposed to SUL for 5 d and 30 d. Further comprehensive analysis demonstrated that SUL caused more significantly alteration on the transcript, level or activity of the key elements involved in heart development and endocrine disruption after 30 d exposure, indicated long-term SUL exposure might cause more negative effects on zebrafish at doses below the presumed no-observed-adverse-effect level during early life development. The results inferred the environmental concentration of SUL might cause potential cardiac and endocrine health risk in zebrafish later life stages, also facilitated a better understanding of the sub-lethal effects and molecular mechanism of SUL on aquatic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Codolo G, Facchinello N, Papa N, Bertocco A, Coletta S, Benna C, Dall’Olmo L, Mocellin S, Tiso N, de Bernard M. Macrophage-Mediated Melanoma Reduction after HP-NAP Treatment in a Zebrafish Xenograft Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031644. [PMID: 35163566 PMCID: PMC8836027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil Activating Protein (HP-NAP) is endowed with immunomodulatory properties that make it a potential candidate for anticancer therapeutic applications. By activating cytotoxic Th1 responses, HP-NAP inhibits the growth of bladder cancer and enhances the anti-tumor activity of oncolytic viruses in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. The possibility that HP-NAP exerts its anti-tumor effect also by modulating the activity of innate immune cells has not yet been explored. Taking advantage of the zebrafish model, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of HP-NAP against metastatic human melanoma, limiting the observational window to 9 days post-fertilization, well before the maturation of the adaptive immunity. Human melanoma cells were xenotransplanted into zebrafish embryos and tracked in the presence or absence of HP-NAP. The behavior and phenotype of macrophages and the impact of their drug-induced depletion were analyzed exploiting macrophage-expressed transgenes. HP-NAP administration efficiently inhibited tumor growth and metastasis and this was accompanied by strong recruitment of macrophages with a pro-inflammatory profile at the tumor site. The depletion of macrophages almost completely abrogated the ability of HP-NAP to counteract tumor growth. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of activated macrophages in counteracting melanoma growth and support the notion that HP-NAP might become a new biological therapeutic agent for the treatment of metastatic melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Nicole Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Ambra Bertocco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sara Coletta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Clara Benna
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;
| | - Luigi Dall’Olmo
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.); (S.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;
| | - Simone Mocellin
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.); (S.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (M.d.B.)
| | - Marina de Bernard
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (M.d.B.)
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Guillén A, Ardila Y, Noguera MJ, Campaña AL, Bejarano M, Akle V, Osma JF. Toxicity of Modified Magnetite-Based Nanocomposites Used for Wastewater Treatment and Evaluated on Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Model. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:489. [PMID: 35159834 PMCID: PMC8839930 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite-based nanocomposites are used for biomedical, industrial, and environmental applications. In this study, we evaluated their effects on survival, malformation, reproduction, and behavior in a zebrafish animal model. Nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical coprecipitation and were surface-functionalized with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), L-cysteine (Cys), and 3-(triethoxysilyl) propylsuccinic anhydride (CAS). All these nanocomposites were designed for the treatment of wastewater. Zebrafish embryos at 8 h post-fertilization (hpf) and larvae at 4 days post-fertilization (dpf) were exposed to the magnetic nanocomposites Fe3O4 MNP (magnetite), MNP+APTES, MNP+Cys, MNP+APTES+Cys, and MNP+CAS, at concentrations of 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µg/mL. Zebrafish were observed until 13 dpf, registering daily hatching, survival, and malformations. Behavior was tested at 10 dpf for larvae, and reproduction was analyzed later in adulthood. The results showed that the toxicity of the nanocomposites used were relatively low. Exploratory behavior tests showed no significant changes. Reproduction in adults treated during development was not affected, even at concentrations above the OECD recommendation. Given the slight effects observed so far, these results suggest that nanocomposites at the concentrations evaluated here could be a viable alternative for water remediation because they do not affect the long-term survival and welfare of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaimen Guillén
- CMUA, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (A.G.); (M.J.N.); (A.L.C.)
- Neuroscience and Circadian Rhythms Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18a-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (Y.A.); (M.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Yeferzon Ardila
- Neuroscience and Circadian Rhythms Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18a-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (Y.A.); (M.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Mabel Juliana Noguera
- CMUA, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (A.G.); (M.J.N.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Ana Lucía Campaña
- CMUA, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (A.G.); (M.J.N.); (A.L.C.)
| | - Miranda Bejarano
- Neuroscience and Circadian Rhythms Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18a-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (Y.A.); (M.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Veronica Akle
- Neuroscience and Circadian Rhythms Laboratory, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18a-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (Y.A.); (M.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Johann F. Osma
- CMUA, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (A.G.); (M.J.N.); (A.L.C.)
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15
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Saltari A, Dzung A, Quadri M, Tiso N, Facchinello N, Hernández-Barranco A, Garcia-Silva S, Nogués L, Stoffel CI, Cheng PF, Turko P, Eichhoff OM, Truzzi F, Marconi A, Pincelli C, Peinado H, Dummer R, Levesque MP. Specific Activation of the CD271 Intracellular Domain in Combination with Chemotherapy or Targeted Therapy Inhibits Melanoma Progression. Cancer Res 2021; 81:6044-6057. [PMID: 34645608 PMCID: PMC9397645 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CD271 (NGFR) is a neurotrophin receptor that belongs to the tumor necrosis receptor (TNFR) family. Upon ligand binding, CD271 can mediate either survival or cell death. Although the role of CD271 as a marker of tumor-initiating cells is still a matter of debate, its role in melanoma progression has been well documented. Moreover, CD271 has been shown to be upregulated after exposure to both chemotherapy and targeted therapy. In this study, we demonstrate that activation of CD271 by a short β-amyloid-derived peptide (Aβ(25-35)) in combination with either chemotherapy or MAPK inhibitors induces apoptosis in 2D and 3D cultures of eight melanoma cell lines. This combinatorial treatment significantly reduced metastasis in a zebrafish xenograft model and led to significantly decreased tumor volume in mice. Administration of Aβ(25-35) in ex vivo tumors from immunotherapy- and targeted therapy-resistant patients significantly reduced proliferation of melanoma cells, showing that activation of CD271 can overcome drug resistance. Aβ(25-35) was specific to CD271-expressing cells and induced CD271 cleavage and phosphorylation of JNK (pJNK). The direct protein-protein interaction of pJNK with CD271 led to PARP1 cleavage, p53 and caspase activation, and pJNK-dependent cell death. Aβ(25-35) also mediated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) accumulation, which induced CD271 overexpression. Finally, CD271 upregulation inhibited mROS production, revealing the presence of a negative feedback loop in mROS regulation. These results indicate that targeting CD271 can activate cell death pathways to inhibit melanoma progression and potentially overcome resistance to targeted therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: The discovery of a means to specifically activate the CD271 death domain reveals unknown pathways mediated by the receptor and highlights new treatment possibilities for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Saltari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Dzung
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marika Quadri
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Hernández-Barranco
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Garcia-Silva
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Nogués
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Corinne Isabelle Stoffel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Phil F. Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Turko
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ossia M. Eichhoff
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Truzzi
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Pincelli
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Héctor Peinado
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell P. Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Corresponding Author: Mitchell P. Levesque, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Wagistrasse 18, Zurich 8952, Switzerland. E-mail:
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16
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Reeck JC, Hardy MJ, Pu X, Keller-Peck C, Oxford JT. Authentication of a novel antibody to zebrafish collagen type XI alpha 1 chain (Col11a1a). BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:359. [PMID: 34526111 PMCID: PMC8444443 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracellular matrix proteins play important roles in embryonic development and antibodies that specifically detect these proteins are essential to understanding their function. The zebrafish embryo is a popular model for vertebrate development but suffers from a dearth of authenticated antibody reagents for research. Here, we describe a novel antibody designed to detect the minor fibrillar collagen chain Col11a1a in zebrafish (AB strain). RESULTS The Col11a1a antibody was raised in rabbit against a peptide comprising a unique sequence within the zebrafish Col11a1a gene product. The antibody was affinity-purified and characterized by ELISA. The antibody is effective for immunoblot and immunohistochemistry applications. Protein bands identified by immunoblot were confirmed by mass spectrometry and sensitivity to collagenase. Col11a1a knockout zebrafish were used to confirm specificity of the antibody. The Col11a1a antibody labeled cartilaginous structures within the developing jaw, consistent with previously characterized Col11a1 antibodies in other species. Col11a1a within formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded zebrafish were recognized by the antibody. The antibodies and the approaches described here will help to address the lack of well-defined antibody reagents in zebrafish research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon C. Reeck
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, and Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Makenna J. Hardy
- Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Xinzhu Pu
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | | | - Julia Thom Oxford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Graduate Program, and Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
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17
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Quadri M, Comitato A, Palazzo E, Tiso N, Rentsch A, Pellacani G, Marconi A, Marigo V. Activation of cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Restricts Melanoma Growth and Invasion by Interfering with the EGF/EGFR Pathway. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:201-211. [PMID: 34265328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance mechanisms still characterize metastatic melanoma, despite the new treatments that have been recently developed. Targeting of the cGMP/protein kinase G pathway is emerging as a therapeutic approach in cancer research. In this study, we evaluated the anticancer effects of two polymeric-linked dimeric cGMP analogs able to bind and activate protein kinase G, called protein kinase G activators (PAs) 4 and 5. PA5 was identified as the most effective compound on melanoma cell lines as well as on patient-derived metastatic melanoma cells cultured as three-dimensional spheroids and in a zebrafish melanoma model. PA5 was able to significantly reduce cell viability, size, and invasion of melanoma spheroids. Importantly, PA5 showed a tumor-specific outcome because no toxic effect was observed in healthy melanocytes exposed to the cGMP analog. We defined that by triggering protein kinase G, PA5 interfered with the EGF pathway as shown by lower EGFR phosphorylation and reduction of activated, phosphorylated forms of protein kinase B and extracellular signal‒regulated kinase 1/2 in melanoma cells. Finally, PA5 significantly reduced the metastatic process in zebrafish. These studies open future perspectives for the cGMP analog PA5 as a potential therapeutic strategy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Quadri
- DermoLab, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonella Comitato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Palazzo
- DermoLab, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andreas Rentsch
- BIOLOG Life Science Institute. Forschungslabor und Biochemica-Vertrieb, Bremen, Germany
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- DermoLab, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- DermoLab, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Valeria Marigo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Sajjad H, Imtiaz S, Noor T, Siddiqui YH, Sajjad A, Zia M. Cancer models in preclinical research: A chronicle review of advancement in effective cancer research. Animal Model Exp Med 2021; 4:87-103. [PMID: 34179717 PMCID: PMC8212826 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major stress for public well-being and is the most dreadful disease. The models used in the discovery of cancer treatment are continuously changing and extending toward advanced preclinical studies. Cancer models are either naturally existing or artificially prepared experimental systems that show similar features with human tumors though the heterogeneous nature of the tumor is very familiar. The choice of the most fitting model to best reflect the given tumor system is one of the real difficulties for cancer examination. Therefore, vast studies have been conducted on the cancer models for developing a better understanding of cancer invasion, progression, and early detection. These models give an insight into cancer etiology, molecular basis, host tumor interaction, the role of microenvironment, and tumor heterogeneity in tumor metastasis. These models are also used to predict novel cancer markers, targeted therapies, and are extremely helpful in drug development. In this review, the potential of cancer models to be used as a platform for drug screening and therapeutic discoveries are highlighted. Although none of the cancer models is regarded as ideal because each is associated with essential caveats that restraint its application yet by bridging the gap between preliminary cancer research and translational medicine. However, they promise a brighter future for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humna Sajjad
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Saiqa Imtiaz
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Tayyaba Noor
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | | | - Anila Sajjad
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
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Zebrafish and Flavonoids: Adjuvants against Obesity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103014. [PMID: 34069388 PMCID: PMC8158719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pathological condition, defined as an excessive accumulation of fat, primarily caused by an energy imbalance. The storage of excess energy in the form of triglycerides within the adipocyte leads to lipotoxicity and promotes the phenotypic switch in the M1/M2 macrophage. These changes induce the development of a chronic state of low-grade inflammation, subsequently generating obesity-related complications, commonly known as metabolic syndromes. Over the past decade, obesity has been studied in many animal models. However, due to its competitive aspects and unique characteristics, the use of zebrafish has begun to gain traction in experimental obesity research. To counteract obesity and its related comorbidities, several natural substances have been studied. One of those natural substances reported to have substantial biological effects on obesity are flavonoids. This review summarizes the results of studies that examined the effects of flavonoids on obesity and related diseases and the emergence of zebrafish as a model of diet-induced obesity.
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20
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Hu Z, He L, Wei J, Su Y, Wang W, Fan Z, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Peng M, Zhao K, Zhang H, Liu C. tmbim4 protects against triclocarban-induced embryonic toxicity in zebrafish by regulating autophagy and apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116873. [PMID: 33714789 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Triclocarban (TCC), an antibacterial agent widely used in personal care products, can affect embryonic development. However, the specific molecular mechanism of TCC-induced embryonic developmental damage remains unclear. In this study, TCC exposure was found to increase the expression of tmbim4 gene in zebrafish embryos. The tmbim4 mutant embryos are more susceptible to TCC exposure than wild-type (WT) embryos, with tmbim4 overexpression reducing TCC-induced embryonic death in the former. Exposure of tmbim4 mutant larvae to 400 μg/L TCC substantially increased apoptosis in the hindbrain and eyes. RNA-sequencing of WT and tmbim4 mutant larvae indicated that knockout of the tmbim4 gene in zebrafish affects the autophagy pathway. Abnormalities in autophagy can increase apoptosis and TCC exposure caused abnormal accumulation of autophagosomes in the hindbrain of tmbim4 mutant zebrafish embryos. Pretreatment of TCC-exposed tmbim4 mutant zebrafish embryos with autophagosome formation inhibitors, substantially reduced the mortality of embryos and apoptosis levels. These results indicate that defects in the tmbim4 gene can reduce zebrafish embryo resistance to TCC. Additionally, apoptosis induced by abnormal accumulation of autophagosomes is involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Hu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Liting He
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Jiajing Wei
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Yufang Su
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Zunpan Fan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Meilin Peng
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, PR China.
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21
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Trigueiro NSDS, Canedo A, Braga DLDS, Luchiari AC, Rocha TL. Zebrafish as an Emerging Model System in the Global South: Two Decades of Research in Brazil. Zebrafish 2020; 17:412-425. [PMID: 33090089 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an emerging model system in several research areas worldwide, especially in the Global South. In this context, the present study revised the historical use and trends of zebrafish as experimental models in Brazil. The data concerning the bibliometric parameters, research areas, geographic distribution, experimental design, zebrafish strain, and reporter lines, as well as recent advances were revised. In addition, the comparative trends of Brazilian and global research were discussed. Revised data showed the rapid growth of Brazilian scientific production using zebrafish as a model, especially in three main research areas (Neuroscience &and Behavior, Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Environment/Ecology). Studies were conducted in 19 Brazilian states (70.37%), confirming the wide geographic distribution and importance of zebrafish research. Results indicated that research related to toxicological approaches are widespread in Global South countries such as Brazil. Studies were performed mainly using in vivo tests (89.58%) with adult fish (59.75%) and embryos (30.67%). Moreover, significant research gaps and recommendations for future research are presented. The present study shows that the zebrafish is a suitable vertebrate model system in the Global South.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Silvestre de Souza Trigueiro
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Aryelle Canedo
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Daniel Lôbo de Siqueira Braga
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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22
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Fabian L, Dowling JJ. Zebrafish Models of LAMA2-Related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (MDC1A). Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:122. [PMID: 32742259 PMCID: PMC7364686 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
LAMA2-related congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD; LAMA2-MD), also referred to as merosin deficient CMD (MDC1A), is a severe neonatal onset muscle disease caused by recessive mutations in the LAMA2 gene. LAMA2 encodes laminin α2, a subunit of the extracellular matrix (ECM) oligomer laminin 211. There are currently no treatments for MDC1A, and there is an incomplete understanding of disease pathogenesis. Zebrafish, due to their high degree of genetic conservation with humans, large clutch sizes, rapid development, and optical clarity, have emerged as an excellent model system for studying rare Mendelian diseases. They are particularly suitable as a model for muscular dystrophy because they contain at least one orthologue to all major human MD genes, have muscle that is similar to human muscle in structure and function, and manifest obvious and easily measured MD related phenotypes. In this review article, we present the existing zebrafish models of MDC1A, and discuss their contribution to the understanding of MDC1A pathomechanisms and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacramioara Fabian
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Pu SY, Hamid N, Ren YW, Pei DS. Effects of phthalate acid esters on zebrafish larvae: Development and skeletal morphogenesis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125808. [PMID: 31918107 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the acute developmental toxicity of six priority phthalic acid esters (PAEs) including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) in zebrafish embryos. A novel alcian blue and alizarin red double staining was performed to detect skeletal development of zebrafish larvae. Results revealed that all six PAEs could induce different developmental abnormalities in zebrafish larvae, including abnormal movement, decreased heart rate, spinal curvature, and pericardial edema. The bone development of zebrafish larvae exposed to PAEs was also affected by PAEs acute exposure. Among PAEs, DBP, and BBP even at low doses can cause mortality in zebrafish, implying their higher toxicity. Contrarily, DEHP and DNOP showed minor effects on the developmental morphology of zebrafish larvae. However, the gene expression levels of skeleton-related genes showed the upregulation of the runx2b and shha genes after DEHP and DBP exposure. Taken together, the strict use and release of PAEs in the environment should be supervised by the government for ecological and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ya Pu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Naima Hamid
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi-Wei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
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24
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Walczak K, Wnorowski A, Turski WA, Plech T. Kynurenic acid and cancer: facts and controversies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1531-1550. [PMID: 31659416 PMCID: PMC7162828 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous tryptophan metabolite exerting neuroprotective and anticonvulsant properties in the brain. However, its importance on the periphery is still not fully elucidated. KYNA is produced endogenously in various types of peripheral cells, tissues and by gastrointestinal microbiota. Furthermore, it was found in several products of daily human diet and its absorption in the digestive tract was evidenced. More recent studies were focused on the potential role of KYNA in carcinogenesis and cancer therapy; however, the results were ambiguous and the biological activity of KYNA in these processes has not been unequivocally established. This review aims to summarize the current views on the relationship between KYNA and cancer. The differences in KYNA concentration between physiological conditions and cancer, as well as KYNA production by both normal and cancer cells, will be discussed. The review also describes the effect of KYNA on cancer cell proliferation and the known potential molecular mechanisms of this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Walczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Waldemar A Turski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Plech
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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25
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Palazzo E, Morasso MI, Pincelli C. Molecular Approach to Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Pathways to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041211. [PMID: 32059344 PMCID: PMC7072792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Palazzo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria I. Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Carlo Pincelli
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy;
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26
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Hamid N, Junaid M, Pei DS. Individual and combined mechanistic toxicity of sulfonamides and their implications for ecological risk assessment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA), China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 382:121106. [PMID: 31487668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides (SAs) are conventional veterinary antibiotics that pose ecological risks in the aquatic environment. This study aims to evaluate the environmental concerns of SAs in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) and their toxicogenetic implications. Here, we employed various in vitro and in vivo bioassays to determine the combine toxicogenetic effects of SAs, which were further confirmed through applying Combination Index (CI) and Independent Action (IA) models. Among the investigated SAs, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) appeared as the individual chemical with relatively high environmental effects and elevated in vitro and in vivo toxicity. Importantly, exposure to the binary mixtures of SAs induced higher developmental toxicity and significantly perturbed the detoxification pathway in zebrafish, compared to that of individual compound exposure. Moreover, the CI and IA models indicated greater synergistic effects of SAs binary mixtures as SMX-SMR, SMX-ST, and SPY-ST on the Acinetobacter sp. Tox2 at Fa = 0.5. Contrarily, IA model predicted the additive, antagonistic and synergistic effects of SAs mixtures on the transcriptional responses of detoxification pathways in zebrafish, implying the different mode of actions (MoAs) for SAs to induce mixture toxicity in vivo. Thus, the nature of toxicological interactions of SAs should be considered while performing their ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Hamid
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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27
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Horak V, Palanova A, Cizkova J, Miltrova V, Vodicka P, Kupcova Skalnikova H. Melanoma-Bearing Libechov Minipig (MeLiM): The Unique Swine Model of Hereditary Metastatic Melanoma. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E915. [PMID: 31717496 PMCID: PMC6895830 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
National cancer databases document that melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly cutaneous malignancy with worldwide increasing incidence in the Caucasian population. Around 10% of melanomas occur in families. Several germline mutations were identified that might help to indicate individuals at risk for preventive interventions and early disease detection. More than 50% of sporadic melanomas carry mutations in Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/MEK) pathway, which may represent aims of novel targeted therapies. Despite advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, the outcomes in metastatic tumor are still unsatisfactory. Here, we review animal models that help our understanding of melanoma development and treatment, including non-vertebrate, mouse, swine, and other mammal models, with an emphasis on those with spontaneously developing melanoma. Special attention is paid to the melanoma-bearing Libechov minipig (MeLiM). This original swine model of hereditary metastatic melanoma enables studying biological processes underlying melanoma progression, as well as spontaneous regression. Current histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, genetic, hematological, immunological, and skin microbiome findings in the MeLiM model are summarized, together with development of new therapeutic approaches based on tumor devitalization. The ongoing study of molecular and immunological base of spontaneous regression in MeLiM model has potential to bring new knowledge of clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Laboratory of Applied Proteome Analyses and Research Center PIGMOD, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (A.P.); (J.C.); (V.M.); (P.V.)
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28
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Gianoncelli A, Guarienti M, Fragni M, Bertuzzi M, Rossini E, Abate A, Basnet RM, Zizioli D, Bono F, Terzolo M, Memo M, Berruti A, Sigala S. Adrenocortical Carcinoma Xenograft in Zebrafish Embryos as a Model To Study the In Vivo Cytotoxicity of Abiraterone Acetate. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2620-2629. [PMID: 31397841 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abiraterone acetate (AbiAc) inhibits tumor growth when administered to immunodeficient mice engrafted with the in vitro cell model of human adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Here, we developed and validated a zebrafish model engrafted with cortisol-secreting ACC cells to study the effects of AbiAc on tumor growth. The experimental conditions for AbiAc absorption in AB zebrafish embryos including embryo number, AbiAc concentration, and absorption time curve by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were set up. The AbiAc effect on steroid production in AB zebrafish embryos was measured as well. ACC cells (the NCI-H295R cell line, the primary cell ACC29, and the negative control cell SW13) were treated with drug-induced liver injury fluorescent dye, and ∼240 cells per 4 nL was injected in the subperidermal space of the yolk sac of AB zebrafish embryos (n = 80 ± 10). The cell area was measured with Noldus DanioScopeTM software. AbiAc absorption in AB zebrafish embryos was stage dependent. Abiraterone (Abi) concentration decreased, whereas its main metabolite, Δ4A, increased. Accordingly, we demonstrated that zebrafish expressed mRNA encoding the enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which converts Abi in Δ4A. Furthermore, ABiAc reduced cortisol production and increased progesterone in zebrafish embryos. Three days after cell injection, the cortisol-secreting ACC cell area in solvent-treated embryos was significantly higher than that in 1 µM AbiAC‒treated embryos, whereas no AbiAc effect was observed in SW13 cells, which lack the Abi target enzyme CYP17A1.Zebrafish embryos xenografted with ACC tumor cells could be a useful, fast, and reproducible experimental model to preclinically test the activity of new drugs in human ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Guarienti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Martina Fragni
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Bertuzzi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rossini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Abate
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ram Manohar Basnet
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Zizioli
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Bono
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Terzolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Internal Medicine 1, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandra Sigala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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29
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Cokus SJ, De La Torre M, Medina EF, Rasmussen JP, Ramirez-Gutierrez J, Sagasti A, Wang F. Tissue-Specific Transcriptomes Reveal Gene Expression Trajectories in Two Maturing Skin Epithelial Layers in Zebrafish Embryos. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:3439-3452. [PMID: 31431477 PMCID: PMC6778804 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells are the building blocks of many organs, including skin. The vertebrate skin initially consists of two epithelial layers, the outer periderm and inner basal cell layers, which have distinct properties, functions, and fates. The embryonic periderm ultimately disappears during development, whereas basal cells proliferate to form the mature, stratified epidermis. Although much is known about mechanisms of homeostasis in mature skin, relatively little is known about the two cell types in pre-stratification skin. To define the similarities and distinctions between periderm and basal skin epithelial cells, we purified them from zebrafish at early development stages and deeply profiled their gene expression. These analyses identified groups of genes whose tissue enrichment changed at each stage, defining gene flow dynamics of maturing vertebrate epithelia. At each of 52 and 72 hr post-fertilization (hpf), more than 60% of genes enriched in skin cells were similarly expressed in both layers, indicating that they were common epithelial genes, but many others were enriched in one layer or the other. Both expected and novel genes were enriched in periderm and basal cell layers. Genes encoding extracellular matrix, junctional, cytoskeletal, and signaling proteins were prominent among those distinguishing the two epithelial cell types. In situ hybridization and BAC transgenes confirmed our expression data and provided new tools to study zebrafish skin. Collectively, these data provide a resource for studying common and distinguishing features of maturing epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn J Cokus
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles and
| | | | - Eric F Medina
- Department of Biology, California State University, Dominguez Hills
| | - Jeffrey P Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles and
| | | | - Alvaro Sagasti
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles and
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Biology, California State University, Dominguez Hills
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30
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Brandt ZJ, North PN, Link BA. Somatic Mutations of lats2 Cause Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Zebrafish. Cells 2019; 8:E972. [PMID: 31450674 PMCID: PMC6770745 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular signaling pathways underlying peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST) formation are poorly understood. Hippo signaling has been recently implicated in the biology of various cancers, and is thought to function downstream of mutations in the known PNST driver, NF2. Utilizing CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, we targeted the canonical Hippo signaling kinase Lats2. We show that, while germline deletion leads to early lethality, targeted somatic mutations of zebrafish lats2 leads to peripheral nerve sheath tumor formation. These peripheral nerve sheath tumors exhibit high levels of Hippo effectors Yap and Taz, suggesting that dysregulation of these transcriptional co-factors drives PNST formation in this model. These data indicate that somatic lats2 deletion in zebrafish can serve as a powerful experimental platform to probe the mechanisms of PNST formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Brandt
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Paula N North
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian A Link
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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31
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Cutaneous Melanoma-A Long Road from Experimental Models to Clinical Outcome: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061566. [PMID: 29795011 PMCID: PMC6032347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a complex disorder characterized by an elevated degree of heterogeneity, features that place it among the most aggressive types of cancer. Although significant progress was recorded in both the understanding of melanoma biology and genetics, and in therapeutic approaches, this malignancy still represents a major problem worldwide due to its high incidence and the lack of a curative treatment for advanced stages. This review offers a survey of the most recent information available regarding the melanoma epidemiology, etiology, and genetic profile. Also discussed was the topic of cutaneous melanoma murine models outlining the role of these models in understanding the molecular pathways involved in melanoma initiation, progression, and metastasis.
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