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Félix J, Martínez de Toda I, Díaz-Del Cerro E, Gil-Agudo F, De la Fuente M. The immunity and redox clocks in mice, markers of lifespan. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1703. [PMID: 38242936 PMCID: PMC10799057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune function and redox markers are used for estimating the aging rate, namely biological age (BA). However, it is unknown if this BA and its changes can be reflected in longevity. Thus, we must quantify BA in experimental animals. In peritoneal immune cells of 202 female mice (ICR/CD1) in different ages, 10 immune and 6 redox parameters were evaluated to construct two mathematical models for BA quantification in mice by multiple linear regression. Immune and redox parameters were selected as independent variables and chronological age as dependent, developing two models: the Immunity and the Redox Clocks, reaching both an adjusted R2 of 80.9% and a standard error of 6.38 and 8.57 weeks, respectively. Both models were validated in a different group of healthy mice obtaining a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.844 and 0.800 (p < 0.001) between chronological and BA. Furthermore, they were applied to adult prematurely aging mice, which showed a higher BA than non-prematurely aging mice. Moreover, after positive and negative lifestyle interventions, mice showed a lower and higher BA, respectively, than their age-matched controls. In conclusion, the Immunity and Redox Clocks allow BA quantification in mice and both the ImmunolAge and RedoxAge in mice relate to lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Félix
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Díaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Gil-Agudo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
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SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT IMPROVES THE CYTOKINE PROFILE AND LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE RESPONSE IN CHRONOLOGICALLY OLD AND PREMATURELY AGING MICE. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 206:111692. [PMID: 35760213 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the age-associated changes in the immune system, the most evident is the decrease in proliferative responses of lymphocytes to mitogenic stimuli, which is accompanied by the loss of cytokine network homeostasis. Chronic low-grade inflammatory stress, termed as sterile inflammation, is also observed during aging. In chronologically and prematurely aging mice, cohabitation with adult animals for two months favored improvements in several immune functions. This study aimed to determine whether cohabitation could restore several cytokine networks, improve lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens, and diminish sterile inflammation. Chronologically old mice (76±4 weeks) and prematurely aging mice (33±4 weeks) (PAM and TH-HZ) were cohabited with adults (without premature aging) for two months. Subsequently, lymphoproliferation in both basal (unstimulated) conditions and in the presence of mitogenic stimuli lipopolysaccharide A (LPS) or concanavalin A (ConA) was analyzed in cultures of peritoneal leukocytes for 48h. Cytokine secretions (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17) in these cultures were also evaluated. The results showed that cohabitation restored the levels of these cytokines in old and prematurely aging mice and improved the subsequent lymphoproliferative responses. In addition, this social strategy diminished sterile inflammation and decreased inflammatory stress in unstimulated conditions. Therefore, this strategy seems to be capable of restoring the relevant immune function of lymphocytes and reducing the inflammatory stress, which are the improvements required for an adequate immune response.
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Martínez de Toda I, Vida C, Garrido A, De la Fuente M. Redox Parameters as Markers of the Rate of Aging and Predictors of Life Span. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:613-620. [PMID: 30753310 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been reported to increase with aging, and although several age-related changes in redox parameters have been described, none of them have been verified as markers of the rate of aging and life span. Therefore, antioxidant (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reductase activities, and reduced glutathione) and oxidant (oxidized glutathione, basal superoxide anion, and malondialdehyde concentrations) parameters were studied in whole blood cells from humans divided into different age groups (adult, mature, older adult, nonagenarian, and centenarian) in a cross-sectional study. Moreover, the same parameters were investigated in peritoneal leukocytes of mice at the analogous human ages (adult, mature, old, very old, and long-lived) in a longitudinal study as well as in adult prematurely aging mice. The results reveal that the age-related alterations of these markers are similar in humans and mice, with decreased antioxidants and increased oxidants in old participants, whereas long-lived individuals show similar values to those in adults. In addition, adult prematurely aging mice showed similar values to those in chronologically old mice and had a shorter life span than nonprematurely aging mice. Thus, these parameters could be proposed as markers of the rate of aging and used to ascertain biological age in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Vida
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Garrido
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Díaz-Del Cerro E, Vida C, Martínez de Toda I, Félix J, De la Fuente M. The use of a bed with an insulating system of electromagnetic fields improves immune function, redox and inflammatory states, and decrease the rate of aging. Environ Health 2020; 19:118. [PMID: 33228714 PMCID: PMC7685570 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system, as a homeostatic system, is an excellent marker of health and has also been proposed as an indicator of the rate of aging. The base of the age-related changes in the immune system, "immunosenescence", is oxidative-inflammatory stress. Studies have shown that long-term exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produced by technology causes inhibitory effects on the immune response and increases oxidation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of resting on an EMF-insulated system on several immune functions, the oxidative-inflammatory state and subsequently the rate of aging (biological age). METHODS Several immune functions, in peripheral blood neutrophils and mononuclear cells, of 31 volunteers were analyzed before and after 2 months of using a bed with the patented HOGO system, which insulated participants against EMFs. Several oxidative and inflammatory parameters, in whole blood cells, were also studied. The biological age was calculated using a mathematical formula, which was based on several immune function parameters. A placebo group of 11 people using beds without that property were used as a control. RESULTS The results showed a significant improvement of immune functions and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defenses after using the HOGO system for 2 months. In addition, a decrease in oxidants and pro-inflammatory compounds, a lowering of oxidative damage in lipids and in DNA as well as a reduction of calculated biological age was also observed. The placebo group did not show any changes. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, 2 months of resting on a bed insulated from EMFs demonstrates improvement in immune function, oxidative-inflammatory state and biological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Díaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Vida
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Applied Molecular Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Félix
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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The ratio of prematurely aging to non-prematurely aging mice cohabiting, conditions their behavior, immunity and lifespan. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 343:577240. [PMID: 32330742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adult prematurely aging mice (PAM) show behavioral deterioration, premature immunosenescence and increased oxidative stress, impairments that are associated with their shorter lifespan, compared to the corresponding exceptional non-prematurely aging mice (ENPAM). When PAM live in a predominantly ENPAM environment (2/5, respectively) they exhibit an improvement of immunity and redox state in their spleen and thymus leukocytes, and an increased lifespan. Nevertheless, it is unknown if other PAM/ENPAM ratios could affect behavioral and peritoneal leukocyte functions of PAM and change their lifespan. ENPAM and PAM were divided into the following groups: C-ENPAM (8 ENPAM in the cage); C-PAM (8 PAM in the cage); ENPAM>50% and PAM<50% (5 ENPAM/2 PAM in each cage); ENPAM = 50% and PAM = 50% (4 ENPAM/4 PAM in each cage), and PAM>50% and ENPAM<50% (5 PAM/2 ENPAM in each cage). After two months, mice were submitted to a battery of behavioral tests. Several functions and oxidative stress parameters were then assessed in their peritoneal leukocytes. Animals were maintained in these conditions to analyze their lifespan. The results showed that PAM>50%, PAM = 50% and PAM<50% exhibited better behavioral responses, immunity and redox states in their peritoneal leukocytes than C-PAM. This improvement was higher when the number of ENPAM in the cage was increased, with most of the parameters in PAM<50% reaching similar values to those in C-ENPAM, and an increased lifespan. However, ENPAM that cohabited with PAM showed, in general, an impairment of parameters studied. In conclusion, the PAM/ENPAM cohabitation ratio is relevant to behavior and immunity.
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Martínez de Toda I, Vida C, Sanz San Miguel L, De la Fuente M. When will my mouse die? Life span prediction based on immune function, redox and behavioural parameters in female mice at the adult age. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 182:111125. [PMID: 31381890 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The identification of predictive markers of life span would help to unravel the underlying mechanisms influencing ageing and longevity. For this aim, 30 variables including immune functions, inflammatory-oxidative stress state and behavioural characteristics were investigated in ICR-CD1 female mice at the adult age (N = 38). Mice were monitored individually until they died and individual life spans were registered. Multiple linear regression was carried out to construct an Immunity model (adjusted R2 = 75.8%) comprising Macrophage chemotaxis and phagocytosis and Lymphoproliferation capacity, a Redox model (adjusted R2 = 84.4%) involving Reduced Glutathione and Malondialdehyde concentrations and Glutathione Peroxidase activity and a Behavioural model (adjusted R2 = 79.8%) comprising Internal Locomotion and Time spent in open arms indices. In addition, a Combined model (adjusted R2 = 92.4%) and an Immunity-Redox model (adjusted R2 = 88.7%) were also constructed by combining the above-mentioned selected variables. The models were also cross-validated using two different sets of female mice (N = 30; N = 40). Correlation between predicted and observed life span was 0.849 (P < 0.000) for the Immunity model, 0.691 (P < 0.000) for the Redox, 0.662 (P < 0.000) for the Behavioural and 0.840 (P < 0.000) for the Immunity-Redox model. Thus, these results provide a new perspective on the use of immune function, redox and behavioural markers as prognostic tools in ageing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Vida
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sanz San Miguel
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Faculty of Mathematics, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
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Function, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Stress Parameters in Immune Cells as Predictive Markers of Lifespan throughout Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4574276. [PMID: 31281577 PMCID: PMC6589234 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4574276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
According to the oxidative-inflammatory theory of aging, there is a link between the function, the oxidative-inflammatory stress state of immune cells, and longevity. However, it is unknown which immune cell parameters can predict lifespan and if there would be any changes in this prediction, depending on the age of the subject. Therefore, a longitudinal study in mice was performed analysing immune function (chemotaxis of macrophages and lymphocytes, phagocytosis of macrophages, natural killer (NK) activity, and lymphoproliferation capacity), antioxidant (catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities as well as reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations), oxidant (oxidized glutathione (GSSG), superoxide anion, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations), and inflammation-related markers (basal release of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10) in peritoneal leukocytes from mice at the adult, mature, old, very old, and long-lived ages (40, 56, 72, 96, and 120 ± 4 weeks of age, respectively). The results reveal that some of the investigated parameters are determinants of longevity at the adult age (lymphoproliferative capacity, lymphocyte chemotaxis, macrophage chemotaxis and phagocytosis, GPx activity, and GSH, MDA, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 concentrations), and therefore, they could be proposed as markers of the rate of aging. However, other parameters are predictive of extreme longevity only at the very old age (NK activity, CAT and GR activities, and IL-6 and IL-1β concentrations), and as such, they could reflect some of the adaptive mechanisms underlying the achievement of high longevity. Nevertheless, although preliminary, the results of the present study provide a new perspective on the use of function, redox, and inflammatory parameters in immune cells as prognostic tools in aging research and represent a novel benchmark for future work aimed at prediction of lifespan.
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Vida C, Kobayashi H, Garrido A, Martínez de Toda I, Carro E, Molina JA, De la Fuente M. Lymphoproliferation Impairment and Oxidative Stress in Blood Cells from Early Parkinson's Disease Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030771. [PMID: 30759742 PMCID: PMC6386872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson’s Disease (PD), the peripheral changes in the functional capacity and redox state of immune cells has been scarcely investigated, especially in the early PD stages. Aging is a risk factor for PD, and the age-related impairment of the immune system, based on a chronic-oxidative stress situation, is involved in the rate of aging. We analyzed several functions in isolated peripheral blood neutrophils and mononuclear cells from PD stage 2 patients, and compared the results to those in healthy elderly and adult controls. Several oxidative stress and damage parameters were studied in whole blood cells. The results showed an impairment of the lymphoproliferative response in stimulated conditions in the PD patients compared with age-matched controls, who also showed typical immunosenescence in comparison with adult individuals. Higher oxidative stress and damage were observed in whole blood cells from PD patients (lower glutathione peroxidase activity, and higher oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde contents). Our results suggest an accelerated immunosenescence in PD stage 2, and that several of the parameters studied could be appropriate peripheral biomarkers in the early stages of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Vida
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Hikaru Kobayashi
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Garrido
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva Carro
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Molina
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
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Garrido A, Cruces J, Ceprián N, Vara E, de la Fuente M. Oxidative-Inflammatory Stress in Immune Cells from Adult Mice with Premature Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030769. [PMID: 30759732 PMCID: PMC6387005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and inflammatory stresses are closely related processes, which contribute to age-associated impairments that affect the regulatory systems such as the immune system and its immunosenescence. Therefore, the aim of this work was to confirm whether an oxidative/inflammatory stress occurs in immune cells from adult mice with premature aging, similar to that shown in leukocytes from chronologically old animals, and if this results in immunosenescence. Several oxidants/antioxidants and inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in peritoneal leukocytes from adult female CD1 mice in two models of premature aging—(a) prematurely aging mice (PAM) and (b) mice with the deletion of a single allele (hemi-zygotic: HZ) of the tyrosine hydroxylase (th) gene (TH-HZ), together with cells from chronologically old animals. Several immune function parameters were also studied in peritoneal phagocytes and lymphocytes. The same oxidants and antioxidants were also analyzed in spleen and thymus leukocytes. The results showed that the immune cells of PAM and TH-HZ mice presented lower values of antioxidant defenses and higher values of oxidants/pro-inflammatory cytokines than cells from corresponding controls, and similar to those in cells from old animals. Moreover, premature immunosenescence in peritoneal leukocytes from both PAM and TH-HZ mice was also observed. In conclusion, adult PAM and TH-HZ mice showed oxidative stress in their immune cells, which would explain their immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garrido
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Investigation of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julia Cruces
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Investigation of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Noemí Ceprián
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Investigation of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Vara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica de la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), School of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Investigation of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
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Social environment improves immune function and redox state in several organs from prematurely aging female mice and increases their lifespan. Biogerontology 2018; 20:49-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Carracedo J, Ramírez-Carracedo R, Martínez de Toda I, Vida C, Alique M, De la Fuente M, Ramírez-Chamond R. Protein Carbamylation: A Marker Reflecting Increased Age-Related Cell Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051495. [PMID: 29772765 PMCID: PMC5983744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbamylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that may partake in the oxidative stress-associated cell damage, and its increment has been recently proposed as a “hallmark of aging”. The molecular mechanisms associated with aging are related to an increased release of free radicals. We have studied whether carbamylated proteins from the peripheral blood of healthy subjects are related to oxidative damage and aging, taking into account the gender and the immune profile of the subjects. The study was performed in healthy human volunteers. The detection of protein carbamylation and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was evaluated using commercial kits. The immune profile was calculated using parameters of immune cell function. The results show that the individuals from the elderly group (60–79 years old) have increased carbamylated protein and MDA levels. When considered by gender, only men between 60 and 79 years old showed significantly increased carbamylated proteins and MDA levels. When those subjects were classified by their immune profile, the carbamylated protein levels were higher in those with an older immune profile. In conclusion, the carbamylation of proteins in peripheral blood is related to age-associated oxidative damage and to an aging functional immunological signature. Our results suggest that carbamylated proteins may play an important role at the cellular level in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Carracedo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Ramírez-Carracedo
- Cardiovascular Joint Research Unit, Francisco de Vitoria University/Hospital Ramon y Cajal Research Unit (IRYCIS), 28223 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Vida
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Matilde Alique
- Biology Systems Department, Physiology, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Ramírez-Chamond
- Biology Systems Department, Physiology, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
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Garrido A, Cruces J, Ceprián N, De la Fuente M. Improvements in Behavior and Immune Function and Increased Life Span of Old Mice Cohabiting With Adult Animals. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:873-881. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garrido
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Cruces
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Ceprián
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Investigation 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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Premature aging in behavior and immune functions in tyrosine hydroxylase haploinsufficient female mice. A longitudinal study. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:440-455. [PMID: 29341892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by impairment in the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems as well as in neuroimmunoendocrine communication. In this context, there is an age-related alteration of the physiological response to acute stress, which is modulated by catecholamine (CA), final products of the sympathetic-adreno-medullary axis. The involvement of CA in essential functions of the nervous system is consistent with the neuropsychological deficits found in mice with haploinsufficiency (hemizygous; HZ) of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) enzyme (TH-HZ). However, other possible alterations in regulatory systems have not been studied in these animals. The aim of the present work was to analyze whether adult TH-HZ female mice presented the impairment of behavioral traits and immunological responses that occurs with aging and whether they had affected their mean lifespan. ICR-CD1 female TH-HZ and wild type (WT) mice were used in a longitudinal study. Behavioral tests were performed on adult and old mice in order to evaluate their sensorimotor abilities and exploratory capacity, as well as anxiety-like behaviors. At the ages of 2 ± 1, 4 ± 1, 9 ± 1, 13 ± 1 and 20 ± 1 months, peritoneal leukocytes were extracted and several immune functions were assessed (phagocytic capacity, Natural Killer (NK) cytotoxicity, and lymphoproliferative response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (ConA)). In addition, several oxidative stress parameters (catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations as antioxidant compounds as well as xanthine oxidase activity, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations, and GSSG/GSH ratio as oxidants) were analyzed. As inflammatory stress parameters TNF-alpha and IL-10 concentrations, and TNF-alpha/IL-10 ratios as inflammatory/anti-inflammatory markers, were measured. Animals were maintained in standard conditions until their natural death. The results indicate that adult TH-HZ mice presented worse sensorimotor abilities and exploratory capacity than their WT littermates as well as greater anxiety-like behaviors. With regards to the immune system, adult TH-HZ animals exhibited lower values of phagocytic capacity, NK cytotoxicity, and lymphoproliferative response to LPS and ConA than WT mice. Moreover, immune cells of TH-HZ mice showed higher oxidative and inflammatory stress than those of WT animals. Although these differences between TH-HZ and WT, in general, decreased with aging, this premature immunosenescence and impairment of behavior of TH-HZ mice was accompanied by a shorter mean lifespan in comparison to WT counterparts. In conclusion, haploinsufficiency of th gene in female mice appears to provoke premature aging of the regulatory systems affecting mean lifespan.
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Vida C, Martinez de Toda I, Garrido A, Carro E, Molina JA, De la Fuente M. Impairment of Several Immune Functions and Redox State in Blood Cells of Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Relevant Role of Neutrophils in Oxidative Stress. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1974. [PMID: 29375582 PMCID: PMC5768621 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since aging is considered the most risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the age-related impairment of the immune system (immunosenescence), based on a chronic oxidative-inflammatory stress situation, could play a key role in the development and progression of AD. Although AD is accompanied by systemic disturbance, reflecting the damage in the brain, the changes in immune response and redox-state in different types of blood cells in AD patients have been scarcely studied. The aim was to analyze the variations in several immune functions and oxidative-inflammatory stress and damage parameters in both isolated peripheral neutrophils and mononuclear blood cells, as well as in whole blood cells, from patients diagnosed with mild (mAD) and severe AD, and of age-matched controls (elderly healthy subjects) as well as of adult controls. The cognitive decline of all subjects was determined by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test (mAD stage was established at 20 ≤ MMSE ≤ 23 score; AD stage at <18 MMSE; elderly subjects >27 MMSE). The results showed an impairment of the immune functions of human peripheral blood neutrophils and mononuclear cells of mAD and AD patients in relation to healthy elderly subjects, who showed the typical immunosenescence in comparison with the adult individuals. However, several alterations were only observed in severe AD patients (lower chemotaxis, lipopolysaccharide lymphoproliferation, and interleukin (IL)-10 release; higher basal proliferation, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α release, and IL-10/TNF-α ratio), others only in mAD subjects (higher adherence), meanwhile others appeared in both mAD and AD patients (lower phytohemaglutinin lymphoproliferation and higher IL-6 release). This impairment of immune functions could be mediated by: (1) the higher oxidative stress and damage also observed in blood cells from mAD and AD patients and in isolated neutrophils [lower glutathione (GSH) levels, high oxidized glutathione (GSSG)/GSH ratio, and GSSG and malondialdehyde contents], and (2) the higher release of basal pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) found in AD patients. Because the immune system parameters studied are markers of health and rate of aging, our results supported an accelerated immunosenescence in AD patients. We suggest the assessment of oxidative stress and function parameters in peripheral blood cells as well as in isolated neutrophils and mononuclear cells, respectively, as possible markers of AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Vida
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Martinez de Toda
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Garrido
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Molina
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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