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Romero-Márquez JM, Navarro-Hortal MD, Forbes-Hernández TY, Varela-López A, Puentes JG, Sánchez-González C, Sumalla-Cano S, Battino M, García-Ruiz R, Sánchez S, Quiles JL. Effect of olive leaf phytochemicals on the anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-cyclooxygenase-2 and ferric reducing antioxidant capacity. Food Chem 2024; 444:138516. [PMID: 38306771 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the phytochemical profile of fifty olive leaves (OL) extracts from Spain, Italy, Greece, Portugal, and Morocco was characterized and their anti-cholinergic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities were evaluated. Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, isoharmnentin, and apigenin were involved in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity, while oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol showed noteworthy potential. Secoiridoids contributed to the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory activity and antioxidant capacity. Compounds such as oleuropein, ligstroside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside, may exert an important role in the ferric reducing antioxidant capacity. It should be also highlighted the role of hydroxytyrosol, hydroxycoumarins, and verbascoside concerning the antioxidant activity. This research provides valuable insights and confirms that specific compounds within OL extracts contribute to distinct anti-cholinergic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - María D Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Juan G Puentes
- University Institute of Research in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-González
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain; Sport and Health Research Centre, University of Granada, C/Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sandra Sumalla-Cano
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Iberoamerican International University, Campeche, 24560, Mexico; Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Roberto García-Ruiz
- University Institute of Research in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Sebastián Sánchez
- University Institute of Research in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain; Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres, 21, 39011 Santander, Spain.
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Al-Bataineh N, Abu-Orabi ST, Shannag SB, Al-Jaber HI, Bataineh TT, Al-Zereini WA, Al-Qudah MA. Uncovering the Chemical Composition and Biological Potentials of Bupleurum lancifolium Hornem. from Jordan. Molecules 2024; 29:2730. [PMID: 38930796 PMCID: PMC11206654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to uncover the chemistry and bioactivity potentials of Bupleurum lancifolium growing wild in Jordan. In this context, the fresh aerial parts obtained from the plant material were subjected to hydrodistillation followed by GC/MS analysis. The main components of the HDEO were γ-patchoulene (23.79%), β-dihydro agarofuran (23.50%), α-guaiene (14.11%), and valencene (13.28%). Moreover, the crude thanolic extract was partitioned to afford two main major fractions, the aqueous methanol (BLM) and butanol (BLB). Phytochemical investigation of both fractions, using conventional chromatographic techniques followed by careful inspection of the spectral data for the isolated compounds (NMR, IR, and UV-Vis), resulted in the characterization of five known compounds, including α-spinasteryl (M1), ethyl arachidate (M2), ethyl myristate (M3), quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-4")-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (B1), and isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-4")-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (B2). The TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity testing of both fractions and HDEO revealed an interesting ABTS scavenging potential of the BLB fraction compared to the employed positive controls, which is in total agreement with its high TP and TF contents. Cytotoxic evaluation tests revealed that BLM had interesting cytotoxic effects on the normal breast cell line MDA-MB-231 (ATCC-HTB-26) and the normal dermal fibroblast (ATCC® PCS-201-012) and normal African green monkey kidney Vero (ATCC-CCL-81) cell lines. Despite both the BLB and BLM fractions showing interesting AChE inhibition activities (IC50 = 217.9 ± 5.3 µg/mL and 139.1 ± 5.6 µg/mL, respectively), the HDEO revealed an interestingly high AChE inhibition power (43.8 ± 2.7 µg/mL) that far exceeds the one observed for galanthamine (91.4 ± 5.2 µg/mL). The HDEO, BLM, and BLB exhbitied no interesting antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezar Al-Bataineh
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sultan T. Abu-Orabi
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | - Suhair B. Shannag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (S.B.S.); (T.T.B.)
| | - Hala I. Al-Jaber
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan;
| | - Tareq T. Bataineh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (S.B.S.); (T.T.B.)
| | - Wael A. Al-Zereini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan;
| | - Mahmoud A. Al-Qudah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (S.B.S.); (T.T.B.)
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3
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Strugała-Danak P, Spiegel M, Gabrielska J. Malvidin and Its Mono- and Di-Glucosides Forms: A Study of Combining Both In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies Focused on Cholinesterase, Butyrylcholinesterase, COX-1 and COX-2 Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:7872. [PMID: 38067599 PMCID: PMC10708353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malvidin, one of the six most prominent anthocyanins found in various fruits and vegetables, may possess a wide range of health-promoting properties. The biological activity of malvidin and its glycosides is not entirely clear and has been relatively less frequently studied compared to other anthocyanins. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between the structural derivatives of malvidin and their anti-cholinergic and anti-inflammatory activity. The study selected malvidin (Mv) and its two sugar derivatives: malvidin 3-O-glucoside (Mv 3-glc) and malvidin 3,5-O-diglucoside (Mv 3,5-diglc). The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by inhibiting the enzymes, specifically COX-1 and COX-2. Additionally, the inhibitory effects on cholinesterase activity, particularly acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), were evaluated. Molecular modeling was also employed to examine and visualize the interactions between enzymes and anthocyanins. The results revealed that the highest inhibitory capacity at concentration 100 µM was demonstrated by Mv 3-glc in relation to AChE (26.3 ± 3.1%) and BChE (22.1 ± 3.0%), highlighting the crucial role of the glycoside substituent at the C3 position of the C ring in determining the inhibitory efficiency of these enzymes. In addition, the glycosylation of malvidin significantly reduced the anti-inflammatory activity of these derivatives compared to the aglycone form. The IC50 parameter demonstrates the following relationship for the COX-1 enzyme: Mv (12.45 ± 0.70 µM) < Mv 3-glc (74.78 ± 0.06 µM) < Mv 3,5-diglc (90.36 ± 1.92 µM). Similarly, for the COX-2 enzyme, we have: Mv (2.76 ± 0.16 µM) < Mv 3-glc (39.92 ± 3.02 µM) < Mv 3.5-diglc (66.45 ± 1.93 µM). All tested forms of malvidin exhibited higher activity towards COX-2 compared to COX-1, indicating their selectivity as inhibitors of COX-2. Theoretical calculations were capable of qualitatively replicating most of the noted patterns in the experimental data, explaining the impact of deprotonation and glycosylation on inhibitory activity. It can be suggested that anthocyanins, such as malvidins, could be valuable in the development of treatments for inflammatory conditions and Alzheimer's disease and deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Strugała-Danak
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Maciej Spiegel
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Janina Gabrielska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
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Liu C, Cheng X, Wu Y, Xu W, Xia H, Jia R, Liu Y, Shen S, Xu Y, Cheng Z. Antioxidant Activity of Quercetin-Containing Liposomes-in-Gel and Its Effect on Prevention and Treatment of Cutaneous Eczema. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1184. [PMID: 37631099 PMCID: PMC10458784 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous eczema is a kind of skin disease is characterized by inflammation. The main manifestations are various types of dermatitis, eczema, and urticaria. There are usually complications such as erythema, blisters, and epidermal peeling. The quercetin might have a therapeutic effect on cutaneous eczema due to its favorable antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects. Currently, there are few studies on transdermal administration of antioxidant drugs for the treatment of cutaneous eczema. The aim of this study was to prepare quercetin-containing liposomes-in-gel (QU-LG), its antioxidant properties were evaluated, and it was used in the skin of mice suffering from dermal eczema to see if it had preventive and therapeutic effects in an attempt to make it a new option for the treatment of cutaneous eczema. QU-LG was prepared by the injection method to form the quercetin-containing liposomes (QU-L) and evenly dispersed in the natural dissolution of carboxymethylcellulose sodium (1%, CMC-Na). The release of QU-LG across the dialysis membranes was up to 30% and clearance of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was 65.16 ± 3.513%. In anti-oxidation assay QU-LG inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) production in liver better than the commercially available drug dexamethasone acetate cream. Compared with untreated mice, mice treated with QU-LG showed a statistically significant reduction in dermatopathologic symptoms. The results suggested that QU-LG had good antioxidant activity in vivo and in vitro and could be used for the prevention and treatment of cutaneous eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xiaoman Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yifang Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Weifang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Hongmei Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ruoyang Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yinyin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Si Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yinxiang Xu
- Zhaoke (Hefei) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088, China
| | - Zhiqing Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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Pelin IM, Silion M, Popescu I, Rîmbu CM, Fundueanu G, Constantin M. Pullulan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels Loaded with Calendula officinalis Extract: Design and In Vitro Evaluation for Wound Healing Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1674. [PMID: 37376122 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficiency of plant extracts has been limited by their poor pharmaceutical availability. Hydrogels have promising potential to be applied as wound dressings due to their high capacity to absorb exudates and their enhanced performance in loading and releasing plant extracts. In this work, pullulan/poly (vinyl alcohol) (P/PVA) hydrogels were first prepared using an eco-friendly method based on both a covalent and physical cross-linking approach. Then, the hydrogels were loaded with the hydroalcoholic extract of Calendula officinalis by a simple post-loading immersion method. Different loading capacities were investigated in terms of the physico-chemical properties, chemical composition, mechanical properties, and water absorption. The hydrogels exhibited high loading efficiency due to the hydrogen bonding interactions between polymer and extract. The water retention capacity as well as the mechanical properties decreased with the increase in the extract amount in hydrogel. However, higher amounts of extract in the hydrogel improved the bioadhesiveness. The release of extract from hydrogels was controlled by the Fickian diffusion mechanism. Extract-loaded hydrogels expressed high antioxidant activity, reaching 70% DPPH radical scavenging after 15 min immersion in buffer solution at pH 5.5. Additionally, loaded hydrogels showed a high antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and were non-cytotoxic against HDFa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Mihaela Pelin
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Silion
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Popescu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Rîmbu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine "Ion Ionescu de la Brad", University of Life Science, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 707027 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Fundueanu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Marieta Constantin
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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Sinan KI, Yagi S, Llorent-Martínez EJ, Ruiz-Medina A, Gordo-Moreno AI, Stefanucci A, Mollica A, Bene K, Zengin G. Understanding the Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Different Extracts of Secamone afzelii Leaves: A Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds for the Food Industry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093678. [PMID: 37175088 PMCID: PMC10180421 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Secamone afzelii (Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum (family Asclepiadaceae) is a creeping woody climber used to treat ailments in many traditional medicine systems. The present study aims to examine the antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of S. afzelii leaf using different compositions of methanol-water mixture as an extraction solvent. The extracts were characterized by HPLC-ESI-MSn in terms of chemical compounds. The in silico results show that compound 23 (quercitrin) has the higher docking scores among the selected substances and the MD simulation revealed that the interactions with the enzymatic pocket are stable over the simulation time and strongly involve the tyrosinase catalytic Cu atoms. All together the results showed that both 80% and 100% methanolic extracts contained significantly (p < 0.05) the highest total phenolics content while the highest content of total flavonoids was significantly (p < 0.05) extracted by 100% methanol. About 26 compounds were tentatively identified by HPLC-ESI-MSn and 6 of them were quantified using standards. Results showed that the extracts were rich in flavonoids with a relatively high abundance of two kaempferol glycosides comprising 60% of quantified compounds. The 100% and 80% methanol extracts recorded significantly (p < 0.05) the highest total antioxidant, DPPH and ABTS activity as well as tyrosinase and ⍺-amylase inhibitory activities. The best significant (p < 0.05) cholinesterase inhibitory activity and reducing capacity of Fe+++ and Cu++ was recorded from the 80% methanolic extract while 100% ethanolic extract gave the highest significant (p < 0.05) butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The best glucosidase activity was observed in the 50% and 80% methanolic extracts. Although the water extract displayed the least total phenolics and flavonoids content and consequently the lowest antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity, it displayed significantly (p < 0.05) the highest chelating power. In conclusion, these results demonstrated the richness of S. afzelii leaf as a potential source of bioactive compounds for the food industry, for the preparation of food supplements and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouadio I Sinan
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
| | - Sakina Yagi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan
| | - Eulogio J Llorent-Martínez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas S/N, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Ruiz-Medina
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas S/N, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Ana I Gordo-Moreno
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas S/N, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Kouadio Bene
- Laboratoire de Botanique et Phytothérapie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan 02 BP 801, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
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Shahane K, Kshirsagar M, Tambe S, Jain D, Rout S, Ferreira MKM, Mali S, Amin P, Srivastav PP, Cruz J, Lima RR. An Updated Review on the Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential of Calendula officinalis L. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040611. [PMID: 37111369 PMCID: PMC10142266 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Calendula officinalis Linn. (CO) is a popular medicinal plant from the plant kingdom's Asteraceae family that has been used for millennia. This plant contains flavonoids, triterpenoids, glycosides, saponins, carotenoids, volatile oil, amino acids, steroids, sterols, and quinines. These chemical constituents confer multifaceted biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antihelminthic, antidiabetes, wound healing, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant activities. Additionally, it is employed in cases of certain burns and gastrointestinal, gynecological, ocular, and skin conditions. In this review, we have discussed recent research from the last five years on the therapeutic applications of CO and emphasized its myriad capabilities as a traditional medicine. We have also elucidated CO's molecular mechanisms and recent clinical studies. Overall, this review intends to summarize, fill in the gaps in the existing research, and provide a wealth of possibilities for researchers working to validate traditional claims and advance the safe and effective use of CO in treating various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Shahane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Madhuri Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Srushti Tambe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Divya Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Srutee Rout
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Suraj Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra 835215, India
| | - Purnima Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Prem Prakash Srivastav
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Jorddy Cruz
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
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8
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Olennikov DN, Kashchenko NI. Marigold Metabolites: Diversity and Separation Methods of Calendula Genus Phytochemicals from 1891 to 2022. Molecules 2022; 27:8626. [PMID: 36500716 PMCID: PMC9736270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marigold (Calendula), an important asteraceous genus, has a history of many centuries of therapeutic use in traditional and officinal medicines all over the world. The scientific study of Calendula metabolites was initiated at the end of the 18th century and has been successfully performed for more than a century. The result is an investigation of five species (i.e., C. officinalis, C. arvensis, C. suffruticosa, C. stellata, and C. tripterocarpa) and the discovery of 656 metabolites (i.e., mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenes, phenols, coumarins, hydroxycinnamates, flavonoids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, etc.), which are discussed in this review. The identified compounds were analyzed by various separation techniques as gas chromatography and liquid chromatography which are summarized here. Thus, the genus Calendula is still a high-demand plant-based medicine and a valuable bioactive agent, and research on it will continue for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil N. Olennikov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Science, 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russia
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9
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Koga T, Ito H, Iwaoka Y, Noshita T, Tai A. Neurite Outgrowth-Promoting Compounds from the Petals of Paeonia lactiflora in PC12 Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227670. [PMID: 36431771 PMCID: PMC9692541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and astragalin, flavonol glucosides, were isolated from the petals of Paeonia lactiflora as neurite outgrowth-promoting compounds. Isoquercitrin, formed by demethylating the B ring of isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside or by adding a hydroxyl group to the B ring of astragalin, was evaluated for neurite outgrowth-promoting activity and was compared with the activities of isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and astragalin. The activities of isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin, aglycones corresponding to isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, astragalin, and isoquercitrin, respectively, were also evaluated. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and astragalin showed much stronger neurite outgrowth-promoting activities than the activities of the other tested flavonoids. They exhibited relatively weak anti-oxidant activities and moderate AChE inhibitory activities compared to the activities of the other tested flavonoids. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and astragalin promoted morphological neurite outgrowth and the expression of neurofilaments induced by NGF in PC12 cells. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and astragalin might be candidate compounds as neural differentiation agents in peripheral nerves and functional food ingredients preventing cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Koga
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ito
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yuji Iwaoka
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Toshiro Noshita
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka-cho, Shobara, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, 4-3-3 Nijigaoka, Kani, Gifu 509-0293, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 5562 Nanatsuka-cho, Shobara, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
- Correspondence:
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New Coumarins from Roots and Fruit of Peucedanum morisonii. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Isorhamnetin Attenuated the Release of Interleukin-6 from β-Amyloid-Activated Microglia and Mitigated Interleukin-6-Mediated Neurotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3652402. [PMID: 36160711 PMCID: PMC9499806 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3652402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the abnormal accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ), is the most prevalent type of dementia, and it is associated with progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. Aβ accumulation activates microglia, which secrete proinflammatory factors associated with Aβ clearance impairment and cause neurotoxicity, generating a vicious cycle among Aβ accumulation, activated microglia, and proinflammatory factors. Blocking this cycle can be a therapeutic strategy for AD. Using Aβ-activated HMC3 microglial cells, we observed that isorhamnetin, a main constituent of Oenanthe javanica, reduced the Aβ-triggered secretion of interleukin- (IL-) 6 and downregulated the expression levels of the microglial activation markers ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA1) and CD11b and the inflammatory marker nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Treatment of the SH-SY5Y-derived neuronal cells with the Aβ-activated HMC3-conditioned medium (HMC3-conditioned medium) or IL-6 increased reactive oxygen species production, upregulated cleaved caspase 3 expression, and reduced neurite outgrowth, whereas treatment with isorhamnetin counteracted these neurodegenerative presentations. In the SH-SY5Y-derived neuronal cells, IL-6 upregulated the phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), whereas isorhamnetin normalized this abnormal phosphorylation. Overexpression of TYK2 attenuated the neuroprotective effect of isorhamnetin on IL-6-induced neurotoxicity. Our findings demonstrate that isorhamnetin exerts its neuroprotective effect by mediating the neuroinflammatory IL-6/TYK2 signaling pathway, suggesting its potential for treating AD.
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Moreira P, Matos P, Figueirinha A, Salgueiro L, Batista MT, Branco PC, Cruz MT, Pereira CF. Forest Biomass as a Promising Source of Bioactive Essential Oil and Phenolic Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158812. [PMID: 35955963 PMCID: PMC9369093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting elderly people worldwide. Currently, there are no effective treatments for AD able to prevent disease progression, highlighting the urgency of finding new therapeutic strategies to stop or delay this pathology. Several plants exhibit potential as source of safe and multi-target new therapeutic molecules for AD treatment. Meanwhile, Eucalyptus globulus extracts revealed important pharmacological activities, namely antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can contribute to the reported neuroprotective effects. This review summarizes the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) and phenolic extracts obtained from Eucalyptus globulus leaves, disclosing major compounds and their effects on AD-relevant pathological features, including deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in senile plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), abnormalities in GABAergic, cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In general, 1,8-cineole is the major compound identified in EO, and ellagic acid, quercetin, and rutin were described as main compounds in phenolic extracts from Eucalyptus globulus leaves. EO and phenolic extracts, and especially their major compounds, were found to prevent several pathological cellular processes and to improve cognitive function in AD animal models. Therefore, Eucalyptus globulus leaves are a relevant source of biological active and safe molecules that could be used as raw material for nutraceuticals and plant-based medicinal products useful for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Matos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Batista
- CIEPQPF, Research Center for Chemical Processes Engineering and Forest Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Fragão Pereira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Wang Z, Wang W, Zhu C, Gao X, Chu W. Evaluation of Antioxidative and Neuroprotective Activities of Total Flavonoids From Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.). Front Nutr 2022; 9:861097. [PMID: 35799585 PMCID: PMC9253677 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.861097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidative and neuroprotective activities of total flavonoids from sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) (TFH). Results indicated that TFH possessed DPPH radicals, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions scavenging activities. The neuroprotective potential was assessed with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). The inhibition rates of AChE and MAO-A by 50 μg/ml TFH were 75.85 and 51.22%, respectively. The in vivo antioxidative and neuroprotective potential of TFH were explored in Caenorhabditis elegans. In the longevity assay, TFH (50 μg/ml) significantly increased the lifespan of wild-type C. elegans (29.40%). In the hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress challenge, the antioxidant capacity of TFH-treated wild-type C. elegans was significantly enhanced. The C. elegans mutant strain CL4176 was used to study the neuroprotective effect of TFH in vivo. Results showed that TFH significantly delayed paralysis in C. elegans CL4176. Our study suggested total flavonoids from sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) had the potential as an antioxidative and neuroprotective agent to extend aging and treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Insecticidal Activity of Organic Extracts of Solidago graminifolia and Its Main Metabolites (Quercetin and Chlorogenic Acid) against Spodoptera frugiperda: An In Vitro and In Silico Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103325. [PMID: 35630802 PMCID: PMC9147747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (S. frugiperda) remains a global primary pest of maize. Therefore, new options to combat this pest are necessary. In this study, the insecticidal activity of three crude foliar extracts (ethanol, dichloromethane, and hexane) and their main secondary metabolites (quercetin and chlorogenic acid) of the species Solidago graminifolia (S. graminifolia) by ingestion bioassays against S. frugiperda larvae was analyzed. Additionally, the extracts were phytochemically elucidated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis. Finally, an in silico study of the potential interaction of quercetin on S. frugiperda acetylcholinesterase was performed. Organic extracts were obtained in the range from 5 to 33%. The ethanolic extract caused higher mortality (81%) with a half-maximal lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.496 mg/mL. Flavonoid secondary metabolites such as hyperoside, quercetin, isoquercetin, kaempferol, and avicularin and some phenolic acids such as chlorogenic acid, solidagoic acid, gallic acid, hexoside, and rosmarinic acid were identified. In particular, quercetin had an LC50 of 0.157 mg/mL, and chlorogenic acid did not have insecticidal activity but showed an antagonistic effect on quercetin. The molecular docking analysis of quercetin on the active site of S. frugiperda acetylcholinesterase showed a −5.4 kcal/mol binding energy value, lower than acetylcholine and chlorpyrifos (−4.45 and −4.46 kcal/mol, respectively). Additionally, the interactions profile showed that quercetin had π–π interactions with amino acids W198, Y235, and H553 on the active site.
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Polumackanycz M, Konieczynski P, Orhan IE, Abaci N, Viapiana A. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Enzymatic Activity of Golden Root (Rhodiola rosea L.) Commercial Samples. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050919. [PMID: 35624783 PMCID: PMC9137987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the chemical composition of the water and hydromethanolic extracts of R. rosea commercial samples in relation to their biological activity. For this purpose, the HPLC method was used for the determination of eleven phenolic compounds and AAS/AES was used for determination of five essential elements. Moreover, the contents of total phenolic, total flavonoid, total phenolic acids, and L(+)-ascorbic acid were determined. The antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays, while the inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE enzymes was determined using Ellman’s method. The results showed that the hydromethanolic extracts of R. rosea were richer in phenolic compounds and showed higher antioxidant and neurobiological activity than the water extracts. However, the water extracts gave higher contents of determined elements. Among the individual phenolic compounds gallic acid (2.33 mg/g DW) and sinapic acid (386.44 µg/g DW) had the highest concentrations in the hydromethanolic and water extracts, respectively. Moreover, the most extracts were observed to be more efficient on BChE. Moreover, the correlation analysis indicated a high positive relationship between chemical composition and biological activity in both extracts of R. rosea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Polumackanycz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Pawel Konieczynski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey; (I.E.O.); (N.A.)
- Principal Member of Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Street, No. 112, Ankara 06670, Turkey
| | - Nurten Abaci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey; (I.E.O.); (N.A.)
| | - Agnieszka Viapiana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (M.P.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Kotov S, Gontova T, Kononenko N, Chernyavski E, Chikitkina V. Phytochemical analysis and anti-allergic activity of a combined herbal medicine based on bur-marigold, calendula and hawthorn. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an experimentally selected extractant for balanced extraction of flavonoids, polysaccharides and polyphenols from bur-marigold herb, calendula flowers and hawthorn leaves and flowers, 3 suitable dry extracts and 1 combined extract in the selected ratio of raw materials were obtained. It was concluded that it was reasonable to standardize the combined herbal extract on the content of flavonoids in terms of luteolin-7-glucoside and content of polyphenols in terms of pyrogallol by UV method and the content of terpenoid compounds, in terms of oleanolic acid by densitometric method. The combined extract at a dose of 30 mg/kg in the model of anaphylactic shock has showed antiallergic activity at the level of tesalin and exceeds diazoline; the ability of the combined extract to reduce the permeability of skin capillaries at the level of the tesalin has established on the model of active cutaneous anaphylaxis and it significantly exceeded diazoline; the combined extract did not differ in membrane-stabilizing properties from the effect of desloratadine and was significantly superior to the reference drugs diazolin and tesalin in the test of indirect degranulation of mast cells. As a result, it was concluded that the mechanism of anti-allergic action of the combined extract is probably associated not only with antihistamine properties but also with the ability to stabilize cell membranes.
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Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L.: A Systematic Plant Analysis of the Polar Extracts from Its Organs by UHPLC-HRMS. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030247. [PMID: 35159399 PMCID: PMC8834175 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. (field marigold, Asteraceae) is an alimurgic plant, whose flowers and leaves are a common part of local food dishes. The diversity in polar specialized metabolites is herein unraveled, with the aim to further promote and valorize the food use of the plant. To this purpose, following the plant dissection of its organs (florets, fruits, leaves, bracts, stems, and roots), ultrasound assisted maceration has been employed in order to recover phenols and polyphenols. Through an untargeted UHPLC-HR MS (Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry) approach, and deeper investigation of the fragmentation patterns of each compound by tandem mass spectrometry, the florets’ constitution in triterpene saponins and flavonol glycosides has been highlighted, whereas hydroxycinnamoyl compounds are mainly in bracts and fruits. The antiradical and reducing capabilities of the organs’ extracts have been assessed, and data acquired have been analyzed by cluster analysis, which allowed bracts and fruits to be observed, despite their negligible food use, as the most active extracts. Chemical and antioxidant data on the diverse organs of field marigold suggest new investigative food and nutraceutical scenarios of this plant, also revalorizing and preserving its traditional uses.
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Alizadeh SR, Ebrahimzadeh MA. O-Glycoside quercetin derivatives: Biological activities, mechanisms of action, and structure-activity relationship for drug design, a review. Phytother Res 2021; 36:778-807. [PMID: 34964515 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin as a valuable natural flavonoid has shown extensive biological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, anti-Alzheimer, antifungal, antiviral, antithalassemia, iron chelation, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antihypertension, and antiphospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities, by the modulation of various targets and signaling pathways that have attracted much attention. However, the low solubility and poor bioavailability of quercetin have limited its applications; therefore, the researchers have tried to design and synthesize many new derivatives of quercetin through different strategies to modify quercetin restrictions and improve its biological activities. This review categorized the O-glycoside derivatives of Quercetin into two main classes, 3-O-glycoside and other O-glycoside derivatives. Also, it studied biological activities, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and the action mechanism of O-glycoside quercetin derivatives. Overall, we summarized past and present research for discovering new potent lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Roya Alizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Ogidigo JO, Anosike CA, Joshua PE, Ibeji CU, Nwanguma BC, Nwodo OFC. Neuroprotective effect of Bryophyllum pinnatum flavonoids against aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:243-258. [PMID: 34663170 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1995557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxic metals such as aluminum accumulation in the brain have been associated with the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative disorders. Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves contain a vast array of polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, that may play a role in the prevention of toxic and degenerative effects in the brain. This study assessed the neuro-restorative potential of leaves of B. pinnatum enriched flavonoid fraction (BPFRF) in aluminum-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Neurotoxicity was induced in male Wistar rats by oral administration of 150 mg/kg body weight of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) for 21 days. Rats were grouped into five (n = 6); Control (untreated), Rivastigmine group, AlCl3 group and BPFRF group (50 and 100 mg/kg b.wt.) for 21 days. Neuronal changes in the hippocampus and cortex were biochemically and histologically evaluated. Expression patterns of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) mRNA were assessed using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction protocols. Molecular interactions of BPFRF compounds were investigated in silico. The results revealed that oral administration of BPFRF ameliorated oxidative imbalance by augmenting antioxidant systems and decreasing lipid peroxidation caused by AlCl3. BPFRF administration also contributed to the down-regulation of AChE mRNA transcripts and improved histological features in the hippocampus and cortex. Molecular docking studies revealed strong molecular interactions between BPFRF compounds, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase Overall, these findings suggest the neuroprotective effect of Bryophyllum pinnatum against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Oloaigbe Ogidigo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Bio-resources Centre Abuja, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Chioma Assumpta Anosike
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Parker Elijah Joshua
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Collins U Ibeji
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Bennett C Nwanguma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Okwesili Fred Chiletugo Nwodo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Mkar University, Benue State, Nigeria
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Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Flavonols: Targeting Nrf2, NF-κB and p53 Pathways in Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101628. [PMID: 34679762 PMCID: PMC8533072 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Intracellular transduction pathways that end in the activation of specific transcription factors are highly implicated in the onset and progression of pathological changes related to neurodegeneration, of which those related to oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammation are particularly important. Here, we provide a brief overview of the key concepts related to OS- and neuroinflammation-mediated neuropathological changes in neurodegeneration, together with the role of transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). This review is focused on the transcription factor p53 that coordinates the cellular response to diverse genotoxic stimuli, determining neuronal death or survival. As current pharmacological options in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease are only symptomatic, many research efforts are aimed at uncovering efficient disease-modifying agents. Natural polyphenolic compounds demonstrate powerful anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, partially acting as modulators of signaling pathways. Herein, we review the current understanding of the therapeutic potential and limitations of flavonols in neuroprotection, with emphasis on their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects along the Nrf2, NF-κB and p53 pathways. A better understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of their action may pave the way toward new treatments.
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Enhancement of Polyphenols Recovery from Rosa canina, Calendula officinalis and Castanea sativa Using Pulsed Electric Field. BEVERAGES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages7030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluates the Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) technique for the extraction of polyphenols from the plants Rosa canina, Calendulaofficinalis and Castanea sativa. These plants are traditionally used both for the preparation of therapeutic decoctions and the aromatization of beverages (alcoholic or not). Pulses of 10 μs duration were used to apply electric field intensities ranging from 1.2 to 2.0 kV cm−1. The period of the phenomenon was set to 1 ms, with a total extraction time of 20 min. The total polyphenol content as well as the identified polyphenolic compounds of the extracts were determined for monitoring and evaluation. To estimate the PEF effect, control extracts were prepared using the same process as PEF extracts but without the application of electric field. For all the three plant materials studied, the PEF technique appeared to be successful in increasing polyphenols extraction. The application of a moderate to high electric field, up to 1.4 kV cm−1, resulted in increased total and individual polyphenols recovery, reaching 63.79% and 84%, respectively, in the case of Rosa canina fruits.
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Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities (α-Glucosidase, Xanthine Oxidase, and Acetylcholinesterase) of Musella lasiocarpa. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154472. [PMID: 34361630 PMCID: PMC8348986 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the chemical components and biological activities of Musella lasiocarpa, a special flower that is edible and has functional properties. The crude methanol extract and its four fractions (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions) were tested for their total antioxidant capacity, followed by their α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. Among the samples, the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were found in the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction (224.99 mg GAE/g DE) and crude methanol extract (187.81 mg QE/g DE), respectively. The EtOAc fraction of Musella lasiocarpa exhibited the strongest DPPH· scavenging ability, ABTS·+ scavenging ability, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with the IC50 values of 22.17, 12.10, and 125.66 μg/mL, respectively. The EtOAc fraction also showed the strongest ferric reducing antioxidant power (1513.89 mg FeSO4/g DE) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity ability (524.11 mg Trolox/g DE), which were higher than those of the control BHT. In contrast, the aqueous fraction demonstrated the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 10.11 μg/mL), and the best xanthine oxidase inhibitory ability (IC50 = 5.23 μg/mL) was observed from the crude methanol extract as compared with allopurinol (24.85 μg/mL). The HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS analyses further revealed an impressive arsenal of compounds, including phenolic acids, fatty acids, esters, terpenoids, and flavonoids, in the most biologically active EtOAc fraction. Taken together, this is the first report indicating the potential of Musella lasiocarpa as an excellent natural source of antioxidants with possible therapeutic, nutraceutical, and functional food applications.
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Anwar HM, Georgy GS, Hamad SR, Badr WK, El Raey MA, Abdelfattah MAO, Wink M, Sobeh M. A Leaf Extract of Harrisonia abyssinica Ameliorates Neurobehavioral, Histological and Biochemical Changes in the Hippocampus of Rats with Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060947. [PMID: 34208063 PMCID: PMC8230640 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is an omnipresent mineral element in the environment. The brain is a central target of Al toxicity, being highly susceptible to oxidative damage. Therefore, recognition of drugs or natural products that guard against Al-mediated neuronal cell death is a powerful strategy for prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This work aimed to explore the potential of a leaf extract from Harrisonia abyssinica to modulate the neurobehavioral, biochemical and histopathological activities induced experimentally by Al in vivo. Rats subjected to Al treatment displayed a reduction in learning and memory performance in a passive avoidance test accompanied by a decrease in the hippocampal monoamine and glutamate levels in addition to suppression of Bcl2 expression. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA), inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β), apoptotic markers (caspase-3 and expression of Bax) and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2) levels were elevated along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, histological changes and marked deposition of amyloid β plaques in the hippocampus region of the brain tissues being observed in Al-treated animals. Concomitant administration of the high dose of H. abyssinica (200 mg/kg b.w.) restored nearly normal levels of all parameters measured, rather than the low dose (100 mg/kg b.w.), an effect that was comparable to the reference drug (rivastigmine). Molecular docking revealed the appropriate potential of the extract components to block the active site of AChE and ERK2. In conclusion, H. abyssinica leaf extract conferred neuroprotection against Al-induced neurotoxic effects, most likely due to its high phenolic and flavonoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Mohamed Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 11221, Egypt;
| | - Gehan S. Georgy
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 11221, Egypt;
| | - Sherin Ramadan Hamad
- Department of Histopathology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo 11221, Egypt;
| | - Wafaa K. Badr
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, National Organization of Drug Control and Research, Giza 11221, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. El Raey
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | | | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660–Hay MoulayRachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco
- Correspondence:
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Kumari P, Ujala, Bhargava B. Phytochemicals from edible flowers: Opening a new arena for healthy lifestyle. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Sarkar B, Alam S, Rajib TK, Islam SS, Araf Y, Ullah MA. Identification of the most potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plants for possible treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: a computational approach. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Being one of the rapidly growing dementia type diseases in the world, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has gained much attention from researchers in the recent decades. Many hypotheses have been developed that describe different reasons for the development of AD. Among them, the cholinergic hypothesis depicts that the degradation of an important neurotransmitter, acetylcholine by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), is responsible for the development of AD. Although, many anti-AChE drugs are already available in the market, their performance sometimes yields unexpected results. For this reason, research works are going on to find out potential anti-AChE agents both from natural and synthetic sources. In this study, 50 potential anti-AChE phytochemicals were analyzed using numerous tools of bioinformatics and in silico biology to find out the best possible anti-AChE agents among the selected 50 ligands through molecular docking, determination of the druglikeness properties, conducting the ADMET test, PASS and P450 site of metabolism prediction, and DFT calculations.
Result
The predictions of this study suggested that among the selected 50 ligands, bellidifolin, naringenin, apigenin, and coptisine were the 4 best compounds with quite similar and sound performance in most of the experiments.
Conclusion
In this study, bellidifolin, naringenin, apigenin, and coptisine were found to be the most effective agents for treating the AD targeting AChE. However, more in vivo and in vitro analyses are required to finally confirm the outcomes of this research.
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Phenolic and Carotenoid Profile of Lamb's Lettuce and Improvement of the Bioactive Content by Preharvest Conditions. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010188. [PMID: 33477681 PMCID: PMC7831921 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes the phenolic, carotenoid and chlorophyll profile of lamb's lettuce, a vegetable whose consumption in salads and ready-to-eat products is constantly growing. The MS/MS analysis allowed the identification of thirty-five phenolic compounds including hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanones, flavanols and flavanones, many of which are reported here in lamb's lettuce for the first time. Chlorogenic acid was the principal phenolic compound found (57.1% of the total phenolic concentration) followed by its isomer cis-5-caffeoylquinic. Other major phenolic compounds were also hydroxycinnamic acids (coumaroylquinic, dicaffeoylquinic and feruloylquinic acids) as well as the flavones luteolin-7-rutinoside, diosmetin-apiosylglucoside and diosmin. Regarding carotenoids, seven xanthophyll and four carotenes, among which β-carotene and lutein were the major compounds, were detected from their UV-Vis absorption spectrum. In addition, chlorophylls a and b, their isomers and derivatives (pheophytin) were identified. Preharvest factors such as reduced fertilization levels or salinity increased some secondary metabolites, highlighting the importance of these factors on the final nutritional value of plant foods. Lamb's lettuce was seen to be a good potential source of bioactive compounds, and fertilization management might be considered a useful tool for increasing its nutritional interest.
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Formulation of Topical Dosage Forms Containing Synthetic and Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agents for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 26:molecules26010024. [PMID: 33374575 PMCID: PMC7793088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is of major interest because of their fewer side effects compared to oral therapy. The purpose of this study was to prepare different types of topical formulations (ointments and gels) containing synthetic and natural anti-inflammatory agents with different excipients (e.g.,: surfactants, gel-forming) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The combination of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), diclofenac sodium, a topical analgesic agent methyl salicylate, and a lyophilized extract of Calendula officinalis with antioxidant effect were used in our formulations. The aim was to select the appropriate excipients and dosage form for the formulation in order to enhance the diffusion of active substances and to certify the antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects of these formulations. To characterize the physicochemical properties of the formulations, rheological studies, and texture profile analysis were carried out. Membrane diffusion and permeability studies were performed with Franz-diffusion method. The therapeutic properties of the formulations have been proven by an antioxidant assay and a randomized prospective study that was carried out on 115 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The results showed that the treatment with the gel containing diclofenac sodium, methyl salicylate, and lyophilized Calendula officinalis as active ingredients, 2-propenoic acid homopolymer (Synthalen K) as gel-forming excipient, distilled water, triethanolamine, and glycerol had a beneficial analgesic and local anti-inflammatory effect.
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Phytochemical profile of different anatomical parts of jambu (Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen): A comparison between hydroponic and conventional cultivation using PCA and cluster analysis. Food Chem 2020; 332:127393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Salem N, Lamine M, Damergi B, Ezahra F, Feres N, Jallouli S, Hammami M, Khammassi S, Selmi S, Elkahoui S, Limam F, Tabben O. Natural colourants analysis and biological activities. Association to molecular markers to explore the biodiversity of Opuntia species. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:892-904. [PMID: 32548910 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synthetic colourants are subject to various allergies. As a result, the use of plant-based additives has proved promising. OBJECTIVE It is in this perspective that our objective was undertaken to investigate natural colourants from edible cactus. Opuntia species populations were single-sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprinted, the analysis of betalains and phenolic compounds and the evaluation of their biological potentials were also characterised. RESULTS Photometric quantification of betalains and phenols showed an interspecific variation across Opuntia species. Opuntia ficus indica fruits showed the highest betalain [betaxanthins; 843.67 and betacyanins; 1400 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)] and polyphenol contents. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis showed that the variation of individual phenols profile was influenced by interspecific and genetic factors. Isorhamnetin-O-(di-deoxyhexosyl-hexoside) was the major compound and its content varied according to Opuntia species, while catechol was the predominant phenolic compound in O. humifusa with 1.88 μg/g DW. Concerning cactus species, Opuntia colourants exhibited a potent antiradical activity [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) up to 1 μg/mL]. Opuntia species were effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains [inhibition zone (IZ) up to 27 mm]. A high genetic diversity within Opuntia genotypes based on SSR markers was revealed. UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) dendrogram and PCoA (principal coordinate analysis) based on natural pigments and antimicrobial profiles indicated significant variation. The correlation approach proved the presence of a probably metabolic relationship between genetic markers, pigments and their biological activities. CONCLUSION A possible association between molecular approach and metabolic profile analysis of Opuntia allows tracing the relationship among species for its genetic conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhal Salem
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Centre in Borj-Cedria Technopol, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Myriam Lamine
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Biotechnology Centre of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Bilel Damergi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Centre in Borj-Cedria Technopol, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ezahra
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Centre of Biotechnology, Ecopark of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Nedia Feres
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Centre in Borj-Cedria Technopol, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Selim Jallouli
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Centre in Borj-Cedria Technopol, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Majdi Hammami
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Centre of Biotechnology, Ecopark of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Saber Khammassi
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Centre of Biotechnology, Ecopark of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Sawsen Selmi
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Centre of Biotechnology, Ecopark of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Salem Elkahoui
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Centre in Borj-Cedria Technopol, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ferid Limam
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Centre in Borj-Cedria Technopol, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Tabben
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Centre in Borj-Cedria Technopol, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Abbas-Mohammadi M, Moridi Farimani M, Salehi P, Ebrahimi SN, Sonboli A, Kelso C, Skropeta D. Molecular networking based dereplication of AChE inhibitory compounds from the medicinal plant Vincetoxicum funebre (Boiss. & Kotschy). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1942-1951. [PMID: 33054569 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1834455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting 47 million people worldwide. While acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as donepezil and galantamine are leading drugs in the symptomatic treatment of AD, new AChE inhibitors continue to be explored for improved potency and selectivity. Herein, a molecular networking approach using high resolution (HR-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) has been used for rapid chemical profiling of an extract of the medicinal plant Vincetoxicum funebre Boiss. & Kotschy (Apocynaceae family) that was active against AChE. A total of 44 compounds were identified by combining the MN with traditional natural product methods, including the isolation and identification of five known compounds (13, 41-44) and a novel C13-norisoprenoid (40). In addition, the potential inhibitory activity of all 44 compounds was evaluated against the AChE enzyme via molecular docking to provide further support to the proposed structures. The glycosylated flavonoid querciturone (31) exhibited the highest affinity with a docking score value of -13.43 kJ/mol. Another five compounds showed stronger docking scores against AChE than the clinically used donepezil including the most active isolated compound daucosterol (44), with a binding affinity of -10.11 kJ/mol towards AChE. These findings broaden our understanding of Vincetoxicum metabolites and highlight the potential of glycosylated flavonoids as AChE inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Abbas-Mohammadi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants & Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.,School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Mahdi Moridi Farimani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants & Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Salehi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants & Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants & Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sonboli
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants & Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Celine Kelso
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Danielle Skropeta
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Azman NAN, Alhawarri MB, Rawa MSA, Dianita R, Gazzali AM, Nogawa T, Wahab HA. Potential Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activity of Cassia timorensis DC. Molecules 2020; 25:E4545. [PMID: 33020403 PMCID: PMC7582324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventeen methanol extracts from different plant parts of five different Cassia species, including C. timorensis, C. grandis, C. fistula, C. spectabilis, and C. alata were screened against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). C. timorensis extracts were found to exhibit the highest inhibition towards AChE whereby the leaf, stem, and flower methanol extracts showed 94-97% inhibition. As far as we are aware, C. timorensis is one of the least explored Cassia spp. for bioactivity. Further fractionation led to the identification of six compounds, isolated for the first time from C. timorensis: 3-methoxyquercetin (1), benzenepropanoic acid (2), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), and 1-octadecanol (6). Compound 1 showed moderate inhibition towards AChE (IC50: 83.71 μM), while the other compounds exhibited poor to slightly moderate AChE inhibitory activity. Molecular docking revealed that the methoxy substitution of 1 formed a hydrogen bond with TYR121 at the peripheral anionic site (PAS) and the hydroxyl group at C5 formed a covalent hydrogen bond with ASP72. Additionally, the OH group at the C3' position formed an interaction with the protein at the acyl pocket (PHE288). This possibly explains the activity of 1 in blocking the entry of acetylcholine (ACh, the neurotransmitter), thus impeding the hydrolysis of ACh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Amira Nurul Azman
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia; (N.A.N.A.); (M.B.A.); (M.S.A.R.); (R.D.)
- USM-RIKEN Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia;
| | - Maram B. Alhawarri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia; (N.A.N.A.); (M.B.A.); (M.S.A.R.); (R.D.)
- USM-RIKEN Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia;
| | - Mira Syahfriena Amir Rawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia; (N.A.N.A.); (M.B.A.); (M.S.A.R.); (R.D.)
- USM-RIKEN Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia;
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Roza Dianita
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia; (N.A.N.A.); (M.B.A.); (M.S.A.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Amirah Mohd Gazzali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia; (N.A.N.A.); (M.B.A.); (M.S.A.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- USM-RIKEN Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia;
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Habibah A. Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia; (N.A.N.A.); (M.B.A.); (M.S.A.R.); (R.D.)
- USM-RIKEN Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Malaysia;
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Jacobo-Velázquez DA, Cisneros-Zevallos L. Bioactive Phenolics and Polyphenols: Current Advances and Future Trends. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176142. [PMID: 32858895 PMCID: PMC7504212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey NL C.P. 64849, Mexico
- Correspondence: (D.A.J.-V.); (L.C.-Z.); Tel.: +52-818-358-2000 (ext. 4821) (D.A.J.-V.); +1-979-845-3244 (L.C.-Z.)
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA
- Correspondence: (D.A.J.-V.); (L.C.-Z.); Tel.: +52-818-358-2000 (ext. 4821) (D.A.J.-V.); +1-979-845-3244 (L.C.-Z.)
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Temviriyanukul P, Sritalahareuthai V, Promyos N, Thangsiri S, Pruesapan K, Srinuanchai W, Nuchuchua O, Siriwan D, On-nom N, Suttisansanee U. The Effect of Sacred Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera) and Its Mixtures on Phenolic Profiles, Antioxidant Activities, and Inhibitions of the Key Enzymes Relevant to Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:E3713. [PMID: 32824050 PMCID: PMC7463813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) has long been used as a food source and ingredient for traditional herbal remedies. Plant parts contain neuroprotective agents that interact with specific targets to inhibit Alzheimer's disease (AD). Organic solvents including methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, and n-butanol, are widely employed for extraction of sacred lotus but impact food safety. Seed embryo, flower stalk, stamen, old leaf, petal, and leaf stalk of sacred lotus were extracted using hot water (aqueous extraction). The extractions were analyzed for their bioactive constituents, antioxidant and anti-AD properties as key enzyme inhibitory activities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-secretase 1 (BACE-1). Results showed that the sacred lotus stamen exhibited significant amounts of phenolics, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, that contributed to high antioxidant activity via both single electron transfer (SET) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanisms, with anti-AChE, anti-BChE, and anti-BACE-1 activities. To enhance utilization of other sacred lotus parts, a combination of stamen, old leaf and petal as the three sacred lotus plant components with the highest phenolic contents, antioxidant activities, and enzyme inhibitory properties was analyzed. Antagonist interaction was observed, possibly from flavonoids-flavonoids interaction. Further in-depth elucidation of this issue is required. Findings demonstrated that an aqueous extract of the stamen has potential for application as a functional food to mitigate the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piya Temviriyanukul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.T.); (V.S.); (N.P.); (S.T.); (N.O.-n.)
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Varittha Sritalahareuthai
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.T.); (V.S.); (N.P.); (S.T.); (N.O.-n.)
| | - Natnicha Promyos
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.T.); (V.S.); (N.P.); (S.T.); (N.O.-n.)
| | - Sirinapa Thangsiri
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.T.); (V.S.); (N.P.); (S.T.); (N.O.-n.)
| | - Kanchana Pruesapan
- Plant Varieties Protection Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Wanwisa Srinuanchai
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.S.); (O.N.)
| | - Onanong Nuchuchua
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (W.S.); (O.N.)
| | - Dalad Siriwan
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Nattira On-nom
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.T.); (V.S.); (N.P.); (S.T.); (N.O.-n.)
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Uthaiwan Suttisansanee
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (P.T.); (V.S.); (N.P.); (S.T.); (N.O.-n.)
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Fernández-Poyatos MDP, Zengin G, Salazar-Mendías C, Ruiz-Medina A, Sinan KI, Llorent-Martínez EJ. Study on Three Sarcocapnos Species as Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds: Relation between Phenolic Content and Bioactivity by Multivariate Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:8885169. [PMID: 32733739 PMCID: PMC7369672 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8885169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the phenolic composition and bioactivity of the aerial parts of three species of Sarcocapnos (S. enneaphylla, S. pulcherrima, and S. saetabensis) to study their potential as sources of bioactive compounds to revalorize them and contribute to the conservation of these plant species. Samples were collected in different locations in the province of Jaén (southeast of Spain), and qualitative and quantitative analyses of phenolic compounds were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometry detection. S. enneaphylla presented the highest concentration of phenolic compounds (58 mg/g DE). The most abundant compound in S. enneaphylla and S. saetabensis was rutin (35 mg/g DE and 11.7 mg/g DE, respectively), whereas isorhamnetin-O-rutinoside was dominant in S. pulcherrima (11.5 mg/g DE). Several assays were performed to evaluate the potential bioactivity of the three species of Sarcocapnos. These assays included antioxidant and radical scavenging (ABTS and DPPH), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating, and enzyme inhibitory activity (acetylcholinesterase, amylase, butyrylcholinesterase, glucosidase, and tyrosinase). In general, all methanolic extracts presented the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the highest radical scavenging, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory properties. This relationship between phenolics and bioactivity was confirmed by multivariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Pilar Fernández-Poyatos
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén E-23071, Spain
| | - Gökhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Carlos Salazar-Mendías
- Department of Animal Biology Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén E-23071, Spain
| | - Antonio Ruiz-Medina
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén E-23071, Spain
| | | | - Eulogio J. Llorent-Martínez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, Jaén E-23071, Spain
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El-Hawary SS, Sobeh M, Badr WK, Abdelfattah MAO, Ali ZY, El-Tantawy ME, Rabeh MA, Wink M. HPLC-PDA-MS/MS profiling of secondary metabolites from Opuntia ficus-indica cladode, peel and fruit pulp extracts and their antioxidant, neuroprotective effect in rats with aluminum chloride induced neurotoxicity. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2829-2838. [PMID: 32994743 PMCID: PMC7499283 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (OFI), also known as Indian fig Opuntia or prickly pear, is a member of the family Cactaceae that produces edible, nutritionally rich sweet fruits. It has been traditionally used to treat several health disorders and is considered to possess various therapeutic properties. In this work, we have characterized 37 secondary metabolites using HPLC-MS/MS, identified the polysaccharide from the fruits and cladodes pulp, and estimated the neuroprotective activity. All tested extracts exhibited substantial antioxidant activities in-vitro and neuroprotective potential in AlCl3 induced Alzheimer's condition. Administration of OFI extracts attenuated AlCl3 induced learning and memory impairment as confirmed from passive avoidance test and counteracted the oxidative stress as manifested from decreasein the elevated MDA level, increased TAC, GSH, SOD and CAT levels. OFI extracts significantly decreased the elevated brain levels of proinflammatory cytokines (NF-κβ and TNF-α), increased anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), and monoamine neurotransmitters (NE, DA, 5-HT) as compared to positive control group. The extracts showed a significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase level (AChE) as compared with AlCl3. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to investigate the ability of the major constituents of OFI extracts to interact with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and serotonin transporter (SERT). Among the tested extracts, cladodes contain highest phenolic content and exhibited the highest antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, which could be attributed to presence of several polyphenols, which could function as AChE and SERT inhibitors. Opuntia ficus-indica might be promising candidate for treating Alzheimer disease, which makes it a subject for more detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham S El-Hawary
- Department of Pharmacogosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120-Heidelberg, Germany.,AgroBiosciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Wafaa K Badr
- Department of Medicinal plants and natural products, National Organization of Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Zeinab Y Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization of Drug Control and Research, 12553 Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona E El-Tantawy
- Department of Medicinal plants and natural products, National Organization of Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Rabeh
- Department of Pharmacogosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120-Heidelberg, Germany
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Chanaj-Kaczmarek J, Paczkowska M, Osmałek T, Kaproń B, Plech T, Szymanowska D, Karaźniewicz-Łada M, Kobus-Cisowska J, Cielecka-Piontek J. Hydrogel Delivery System Containing Calendulae flos Lyophilized Extract with Chitosan as a Supporting Strategy for Wound Healing Applications. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E634. [PMID: 32645859 PMCID: PMC7407229 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calendulae flos is a valued plant material with known anti-inflammatory and antimicrobiological properties. The limitation for its use in the treatment of chronic wounds is the lack of adhesion to the required site of action. Obtaining the Calendulae flos lyophilized extract from water-ethanolic extract allowed to prepare valuable material whose biological activity in the wound healing process was confirmed by a positive result of the scratch test. The Calendulae flos lyophilized extract was standardized for the contents of the chlorogenic acid and the narcissin. The significant potency of the Calendulae flos pharmacological activity has become the reason for studies on its novel applications in combination with the multifunctional chitosan carrier, to create a new, valuable solution in the treatment of chronic wounds. The use of chitosan as a carrier allowed for the controlled release of the chlorogenic acid and the narcissin. These substances, characterized by prolonged release from the chitosan delivery system, were identified as well permeable, based on the results of the studies of the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA Skin) a model simulating permeability through membrane skin. The combination of the Calendulae flos lyophilized extract and the chitosan allowed for synergy of action towards hyaluronidase inhibition and effective microbiological activity. Optimization of the hypromellose hydrogel preparation ensuring the required rheological properties necessary for the release of the chlorogenic acid and the narcissin from the chitosan delivery system, as well as demonstrated antimicrobial activity allows indicating formulations of 3% Calendulae flos lyophilized extract with chitosan 80/500 in weight ratio 1:1 and 2% or 3% hypromellose as an important support with high compliance of response and effectiveness for patients suffering from chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Chanaj-Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Swiecickiego Street, 60781 Poznan, Poland; (J.C.-K.); (M.P.)
| | - Magdalena Paczkowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Swiecickiego Street, 60781 Poznan, Poland; (J.C.-K.); (M.P.)
| | - Tomasz Osmałek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Barbara Kaproń
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Street, 20080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Plech
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Daria Szymanowska
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 31 Wojska Polskiego Street, 60-634 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego Street, 60781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kobus-Cisowska
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60637 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Swiecickiego Street, 60781 Poznan, Poland; (J.C.-K.); (M.P.)
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Gong G, Guan YY, Zhang ZL, Rahman K, Wang SJ, Zhou S, Luan X, Zhang H. Isorhamnetin: A review of pharmacological effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110301. [PMID: 32502837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin is one of the most important active ingredients in the fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides L. and the leaves of Ginkgo biloba L., which possesses extensive pharmacological activities. At present, there have been numerous investigations on isorhamnetin, which has the effects of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, organ protection, prevention of obesity, etc. The related mechanisms involve the regulation of PI3K/AKT/PKB, NF-κB, MAPK and other signaling pathways as well as the expression of related cytokines and kinases. Isorhamnetin has a high value of development and application. However, the investigations on its mechanism of action are limited and lack of detailed scientific validation. The manuscript reviewed the pharmacological effects of isorhamnetin and related mechanisms of action for the development of its medicinal properties further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Gong
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ying-Yun Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhong-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, England, UK
| | - Su-Juan Wang
- Department of Drug Preparation, Hospital of TCM and Hui Nationality Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Wuzhong, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Techniques Department, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Xin Luan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
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Sharma G, Parihar A, Talaiya T, Dubey K, Porwal B, Parihar MS. Cognitive impairments in type 2 diabetes, risk factors and preventive strategies. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0105/jbcpp-2019-0105.xml. [PMID: 31967962 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a modifiable risk factor in progression of several diseases including dementia and type 2 diabetes. If cognitive impairments are not reversed at an early stage of appearance of symptoms, then the prolonged pathogenesis can lead to dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, it is necessary to detect the risk factors and mechanism of prevention of cognitive dysfunction at an early stage of disease. Poor lifestyle, age, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and inflammation are some of the major risk factors that contribute to cognitive and memory impairments in diabetic patients. Mild cognitive impairment was seen in those individuals of type 2 diabetes, who are on an unhealthy diet. Physical inactivity, frequent alcohol consumptions, and use of packed food products that provides an excess of cheap calories are found associated with cognitive impairment and depression in diabetic patients. Omega fatty acids (FAs) and polyphenol-rich foods, especially flavonoids, can reduce the bad effects of an unhealthy lifestyle; therefore, the consumption of omega FAs and flavonoids may be beneficial in maintaining normal cognitive function. These functional foods may improve cognitive functions by targeting many enzymes and molecules in cells chiefly through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, or signaling actions. Here, we provide the current concepts on the risk factors of cognitive impairments in type 2 diabetes and the mechanism of prevention, using omega FAs and bioactive compounds obtained from fruits and vegetables. The knowledge derived from such studies may assist physicians in managing the health care of patients with cognitive difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India
| | - Arti Parihar
- Department of Science, Bellingham Technical College, Bellingham, WA, USA
| | - Tanay Talaiya
- School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India
| | - Kirti Dubey
- School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India
| | - Bhagyesh Porwal
- School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India
| | - Mordhwaj S Parihar
- School of Studies in Zoology and Biotechnology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India, Phone: +91-734-2511317
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Bragueto Escher G, Cardoso Borges LDC, Sousa Santos J, Mendanha Cruz T, Boscacci Marques M, Araújo Vieira do Carmo M, Azevedo L, M. Furtado M, S. Sant’Ana A, Wen M, Zhang L, Granato D. From the Field to the Pot: Phytochemical and Functional Analyses of Calendula officinalis L. Flower for Incorporation in an Organic Yogurt. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110559. [PMID: 31731768 PMCID: PMC6912323 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible flowers have been used as ingredients because of their biological activities, taste, and overall appearance. This research was aimed to characterize the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of the marigold flower (Calendula officinalis L.) extracted with different proportions of water and ethyl alcohol, and the lyophilized extract with higher content of antioxidant compounds was incorporated into an organic yogurt. Results showed that the hydroalcoholic extract (50:50 v/v) presented the highest total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total reducing capacity (TRC), and Cu2+/Fe2+ chelating ability). Phenolic acids and flavonoids were quantified in the extract by LC-DAD, while 19 compounds were tentatively identified by ESI-MS/MS. The lyophilized marigold extract (LME) also inhibited 12% of Wistar rat’s brain lipid oxidation in vitro, inhibited α-amylase, and α-glucosidase activities, but showed no cytotoxicity towards cancerous cells (HCT8 and A549). However, marigold flower extract protected human erythrocytes against mechanical stress. When added into an organic yogurt model (0 to 1.5%), LME increased TPC and antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and TRC), and the sensory analysis showed that the organic yogurt had an acceptance of 80.4%. Our results show that the use of LME may be a technological strategy to increase the content of bioactive compounds in yogurts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Bragueto Escher
- Food Science and Technology Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (G.B.E.); Tel.: +358-504086642 (D.G.); +55-41999608588 (G.B.E.)
| | | | - Jânio Sousa Santos
- Food Science and Technology Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Thiago Mendanha Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil; (T.M.C.); (M.B.M.)
| | - Mariza Boscacci Marques
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil; (T.M.C.); (M.B.M.)
| | - Mariana Araújo Vieira do Carmo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.A.V.d.C.); (L.A.)
| | - Luciana Azevedo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000 Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (M.A.V.d.C.); (L.A.)
| | - Marianna M. Furtado
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.M.F.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Anderson S. Sant’Ana
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; (M.M.F.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Mingchun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Daniel Granato
- Food Science and Technology Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil;
- Food Processing and Quality, Innovative Food System, Production Systems Unit—Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)—Tietotie 2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (G.B.E.); Tel.: +358-504086642 (D.G.); +55-41999608588 (G.B.E.)
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Chemometric discrimination of three Pistacia species via their metabolic profiling and their possible in vitro effects on memory functions. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 177:112840. [PMID: 31522096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread neurodegenerative disease; there are around ten million new cases of Alzheimer yearly worldwide especially in middle or low-income countries. Pistacia is a genus of flowering plants including the well-known, economically important P. chinensis Bunge, P. lentiscus L. and P. khinjuk. In this study, the metabolic profiling of Pistacia leaves extracts was achieved via UHPLC-ESI-MS analysis and GC-MS analysis employing chemometric analysis for their discrimination. In addition, the methanolic extracts of different Pistacia species were assessed for their anti-cholinesterase and anti-inflammatory activities by various in vitro assays. 37 and 30 metabolites belonging to different classes were identified by UHPLC-ESI-MS and GC-MS analyses respectively. Chemometric analysis revealed that P. lentiscus and P. khinjuk were more closely related chemically to each other. All studied Pistacia leaves extracts showed apparent anti-cholinesterase and anti-inflammatory activities, which promotes their use in the prevention and management of AD.
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Tung YT, Wu MF, Lee MC, Wu JH, Huang CC, Huang WC. Antifatigue Activity and Exercise Performance of Phenolic-Rich Extracts from Calendula officinalis, Ribes nigrum, and Vaccinium myrtillus. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081715. [PMID: 31349650 PMCID: PMC6722806 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Calendula officinalis, Ribes nigrum, and Vaccinium myrtillus (CRV) possess a high phenolic compound content with excellent antioxidant activity. Dietary antioxidants can reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress. Consumption of large amounts of phenolic compounds is positively correlated with reduction in exercise-induced muscle damage. Research for natural products to improve exercise capacity, relieve fatigue, and accelerate fatigue alleviation is ongoing. Here, CRV containing a large total phenolic content (13.4 mg/g of CRV) demonstrated antioxidant activity. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quantification revealed 1.95 ± 0.02 mg of salidroside in 1 g of CRV. In the current study, CRV were administered to mice for five weeks, and the antifatigue effect of CRV was evaluated using the forelimb grip strength test; weight-loaded swimming test; and measurement of fatigue-related biochemical indicators, such as blood lactate, ammonia, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK) activity; and muscle and liver glycogen content. The results indicated that in CRV-treated mice, the forelimb grip strength significantly increased; weight-loaded swimming time prolonged; their lactate, ammonia, BUN, and CK activity decreased, and muscle and liver glucose and glycogen content increased compared with the vehicle group. Thus, CRV have antifatigue activity and can increase exercise tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Wu
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219, Taiwan.
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Cuscuta chinensis and C. campestris Attenuate Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficit and Oxidative Damage in Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123060. [PMID: 30467292 PMCID: PMC6320855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The seeds of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. and C. campestris Yuncker have been commonly used as Chinese medical material for preventing aging. Our previous studies have found that C. chinensis and C. campestris possess anti-inflammatory activities in rodents. However, their other biological activities, such as memory-improving properties, have not yet been explored. In the present study, we examined the memory-improving effects of the extracts of C. chinensis and C. campestris on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced memory deficit and explored their underlying mechanism in mice. Both Cuscuta species improved SCOP-induced memory deficits in the passive avoidance test, elevated plus-maze, and spatial performance test of the Morris water maze in mice. In addition, compared with mice injected with SCOP, mice pretreated with both Cuscuta species stayed for a longer time on the platform for the probe test of the Morris water maze. Moreover, both Cuscuta species reduced brain acetylcholinesterase activity and malondialdehyde levels that were increased by SCOP, and the species restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and the levels of glutathione that were decreased by SCOP in the brains of mice. Both Cuscuta species further decreased brain interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α levels that were elevated by SCOP. We demonstrated that both Cuscuta species exhibited a protective activity against SCOP-induced memory deficit, cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative damage, and neuroinflammation in mice, and C. campestris has better potential than C. chinensis. In addition, we provided evidence that the seeds of C. campestris can be used as Cuscutae Semen in Traditional Chinese Medicine.
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Are wild and cultivated flowers served in restaurants or sold by local producers in Denmark safe for the consumer? Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:129-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jabir NR, Khan FR, Tabrez S. Cholinesterase targeting by polyphenols: A therapeutic approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:753-762. [PMID: 29770579 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive irreversible neurodegenerative disorder characterized by excessive deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), comprising of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. The cholinergic system has been suggested as the earliest and most affected molecular mechanism that describes AD pathophysiology. Moreover, cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are the potential class of drugs that can amplify cholinergic activity to improve cognition and global performance and reduce psychiatric and behavioral disturbances. Approximately, 60%-80% of all cases of dementia in the world are patients with AD. In view of the continuous rise of this disease especially in the aged population, there is a dire need to come up with a novel compound and/or mixture that could work against this devastating disease. In this regard, the best is to rely on natural compounds rather than synthetic ones, because natural compounds are easily available, cost-effective, and comparatively less toxic. To serve this purpose, lately, scientific community has started exploring the possibility of using different polyphenols either solitary or in combination that can serve as therapeutics against AD. In the current article, we have summarized the role of various polyphenols, namely quercetin, resveratrol, curcumin, gallocatechins, cinnamic acid, caffeine, and caffeic acid as an inhibitor of cholinesterase for the treatment of AD. We have also tried to uncover the mechanistic insight on the action of these polyphenols against AD pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasimudeen R Jabir
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayaz Rahman Khan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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