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Aliko V, Vasjari L, Istifli ES, Gjonaj G, Impellitteri F, Faggio C, Benedetti E, Zugaro S, Iannetta A, Perugini M. Molecular docking analysis and in vivo assessment of zinc oxide nanoparticle toxicity in zebrafish larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 276:107112. [PMID: 39383782 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
The zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) being widely employed in several industries and consumer products, are raising concerns about their safety on aquatic biota and human health. This study aims to investigate the possible toxicological effects of ZnO-NPs through a combined in vivo and in silico approach. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to several ZnO-NPs concentrations and morphological alterations and lipid peroxidation (MDA) were investigated. Furthermore, molecular docking simulations were applied to study the intermolecular interactions of ZnO-NPs against critical embryonic proteins namely zebrafish hatching enzyme1 (ZHE1) as well as the superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Treatment with ZnO-NPs resulted in an increase in MDA concentration and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels. Besides a significant decrease in mRNA expression of key enzymes of ROS detoxification genes, a modulation of inflammatory genes with a low downregulation of tnf-α, and an upregulation of il-1β were observed. Docking study suggests that the delayed hatching and increased cellular oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos may occur through a synergistic mechanism based on the ZnO-NP-dependent inhibition of ZHE1 and SOD1 enzymes. The integration of in vivo assessments with in silico computational modeling provided a more comprehensive evaluation of potential physiological risks in zebrafish embryos associated with nanomaterial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valbona Aliko
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Tirana, Albania
| | - Ledia Vasjari
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Tirana, Albania
| | - Erman S Istifli
- University of Cukurova, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Grejsi Gjonaj
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Caterina Faggio
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Messina, Italy; Department of Eco-sustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvana Zugaro
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Iannetta
- University of Teramo, Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Monia Perugini
- University of Teramo, Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, Teramo, Italy
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Chen B, Yu P, Chan WN, Xie F, Zhang Y, Liang L, Leung KT, Lo KW, Yu J, Tse GMK, Kang W, To KF. Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:6. [PMID: 38169461 PMCID: PMC10761908 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease development. Extensive research suggests zinc's involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells, despite its low tissue concentration. This has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc's cellular metabolism, particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer progression. Zinc transportation is under the control of two major transporter families: SLC30 (ZnT) for the excretion of zinc and SLC39 (ZIP) for the zinc intake. Additionally, the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins (MTs). This review consolidates knowledge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathways linking zinc metabolism to disease progression, with a special focus on cancer. We also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc ions. Given the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane, the potential for targeted therapies, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, offers promising avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuda Xie
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Cai L, Tan Y, Watson S, Wintergerst K. Diabetic cardiomyopathy - Zinc preventive and therapeutic potentials by its anti-oxidative stress and sensitizing insulin signaling pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 477:116694. [PMID: 37739320 PMCID: PMC10616760 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and insulin resistance are two key mechanisms for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM, cardiac remodeling and dysfunction). In this review, we discussed how zinc and metallothionein (MT) protect the heart from type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D or T2D) through its anti-oxidative function and insulin-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling activation. Both T1D and T2D-induced DCM, shown by cardiac structural remodeling and dysfunction, in wild-type mice, but not in cardiomyocyte-specific overexpressing MT mice. In contrast, mice with global MT gene deletion were more susceptible to the development of DCM. When we used zinc to treat mice with either T1D or T2D, cardiac remodeling and dysfunction were significantly prevented along with increased cardiac MT expression. To support the role of zinc homeostasis in insulin signaling pathways, treatment of diabetic mice with zinc showed the preservation of phosphorylation levels of insulin-mediated glucose metabolism-related Akt2 and GSK-3β and even rescued cardiac pathogenesis induced by global deletion of Akt2 gene in a MT-dependent manner. These results suggest the protection by zinc from DCM is through both the induction of MT and sensitization of insulin signaling. Combined our own and other works, this review comprehensively summarized the roles of zinc homeostasis in the development and progression of DCM and its therapeutic implications. At the end, we provided pre-clinical and clinical evidence for the preventive and therapeutic potential of zinc supplementation through its anti-oxidative stress and sensitizing insulin signaling actions. Understanding the intricate connections between zinc and DCM provides insights for the future interventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America.
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America.
| | - Sara Watson
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Kupper Wintergerst
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, United States of America; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, United States of America
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Dorward AM, Stewart AJ, Pitt SJ. The role of Zn2+ in shaping intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in the heart. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213206. [PMID: 37326614 PMCID: PMC10276528 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that Zn2+ acts as a second messenger capable of transducing extracellular stimuli into intracellular signaling events. The importance of Zn2+ as a signaling molecule in cardiovascular functioning is gaining traction. In the heart, Zn2+ plays important roles in excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, excitation-transcription coupling, and cardiac ventricular morphogenesis. Zn2+ homeostasis in cardiac tissue is tightly regulated through the action of a combination of transporters, buffers, and sensors. Zn2+ mishandling is a common feature of various cardiovascular diseases. However, the precise mechanisms controlling the intracellular distribution of Zn2+ and its variations during normal cardiac function and during pathological conditions are not fully understood. In this review, we consider the major pathways by which the concentration of intracellular Zn2+ is regulated in the heart, the role of Zn2+ in EC coupling, and discuss how Zn2+ dyshomeostasis resulting from altered expression levels and efficacy of Zn2+ regulatory proteins are key drivers in the progression of cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Dorward
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Alan J. Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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Tuncay E, Aktay I, Turan B. Overexpression of Slc30a7/ZnT7 increases the mitochondrial matrix levels of labile Zn 2+ and modifies histone modification in hyperinsulinemic cardiomyoblasts. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127198. [PMID: 37196548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular free Zn2+ concentrations ([Zn2+]) are primarily coordinated by Zn2+-transporters, although their roles are not well established in cardiomyocytes. Since we previously showed the important contribution of a Zn2+-transporter ZnT7 to [Zn2+]i regulation in hyperglycemic cardiomyocytes, here, we aimed to examine a possible regulatory role of ZnT7 not only on [Zn2+]i but also both the mitochondrial-free Zn2+ and/or Ca2+ in cardiomyocytes, focusing on the contribution of its overexpression to the mitochondrial function. METHODS We mimicked either hyperinsulinemia (by 50-μM palmitic acid, PA-cells, for 24-h) or overexpressed ZnT7 (ZnT7OE-cells) in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. RESULTS Opposite to PA-cells, the [Zn2+]i in ZnT7OE-cells was not different from untreated H9c2-cells. An investigation of immunofluorescence imaging by confocal microscopy demonstrated a ZnT7 localization on the mitochondrial matrix. We demonstrated the ZnT7 localization on the mitochondrial matrix by using immunofluorescence imaging. Later, we determined the mitochondrial levels of [Zn2+]Mit and [Ca2+]Mit by using the Zn2+ and Ca2+ sensitive FRET probe and a Ca2+-sensitive dye Fluo4, respectively. The [Zn2+]Mit was found to increase significantly in ZnT7OE-cells, similar to the PA-cells while no significant changes in the [Ca2+]Mit in these cells. To examine the contribution of ZnT7 overexpression on the mitochondria function, we determined the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in these cells in comparison to the PA-cells. There were significantly increased production of ROS and depolarization in MMP and increases in marker proteins of mitochondria-associated apoptosis and autophagy in ZnT7-OE cells, similar to the PA-cells, parallel to increases in K-acetylation. Moreover, we determined significant increases in trimethylation of histone H3 lysine27, H3K27me3, and the mono-methylation of histone H3 lysine36, H3K36 in the ZnT7OE-cells, demonstrating the role of [Zn2+]Mit in epigenetic regulation of cardiomyocytes under hyperinsulinemia through histone modification. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data have shown an important contribution of high expression of ZnT7-OE, through its buffering and muffling capacity in cardiomyocytes, on the regulation of not only [Zn2+]i but also both [Zn2+]Mit and [Ca2+]Mit affecting mitochondria function, in part, via histone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Irem Aktay
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Lokman Hekim University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkiye.
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Abstract
Zinc is structurally and functionally essential for more than 300 enzymes and 2000 transcription factors in human body. Intracellular labile zinc is the metabolically effective zinc and tiny changes in its concentrations significantly affect the intracellular signaling and enzymatic responses. Zinc is crucial for the embrionic and fetal development of heart. Therefore, it is shown to be related with a variety of congenital heart defects. It is involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation including endocardial cushion development, which is necessary for atrioventricular septation as well as the morphogenesis of heart valves. In atherosclerosis, monocyte endothelial adhesion, and diapedesis, activation and transformation into macrophages and forming foam cells by the ingestion of oxidized LDL are monocyte related steps which need zinc. Intracellular zinc increases intracellular calcium through a variety of pathways and furthermore, zinc itself can work as a second messenger as calcium. These demonstrate the significance of intracellular zinc in heart failure and arterial hypertension. However, extracellular zinc has an opposite effect by blocking calcium channels, explaining decreased serum zinc levels, contrary to the increased cardiomyocyte and erythrocyte zinc levels in hypertensive subjects. These and other data in the literature demonstrate that zinc has important roles in healthy and diseased cardiovascular system but zinc-cardiovascular system relationship is so complex that, it has not been explained in all means. In this article, we try to review some of the available knowledge about this complex relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhan Ozyildirim
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology Institute, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Szadkowska I, Kostka T, Wlazeł RN, Kroc Ł, Jegier A, Guligowska A. Dietary Zinc Is Associated with Cardiac Function in the Older Adult Population. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020265. [PMID: 36829824 PMCID: PMC9952641 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The elderly is a group at particularly high cardiovascular risk. The coexistence of chronic diseases and use of multiple medications creates the need to look for non-pharmacological agents to improve cardiovascular health in that population. In view of reports on the potential role of zinc in enhancing pathways of myocardial tissue repair, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary zinc intake and cardiac structure and function in individuals of advanced age. The study group included 251 community-dwelling patients, with a median age of 80 years. Dieta 6.0 software was used for calculation of zinc consumption. Percentage of Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for zinc correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r = 0.196, p < 0.05), left ventricular mass index (r = -0.137, p < 0.05) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (r = 0.153, p < 0.05), while zinc density did so with E/E' ratio (r = -0.127, p < 0.05). In a multiple stepwise regression analysis, the best determinants of LVEF were %RDA for zinc (p = 0.014; β = 0.143), presence of coronary artery disease (p < 0.001; β = -0.39) and age (p = 0.036; β = -0.12). Furthermore, %RDA for zinc (p = 0.009; β = 0.16), female sex (p = 0.005; β = -0.171), beta-blocker use (p = 0.024; β = -0.136), body mass index (p = 0.008; β = 0.16) and heart rate (p = 0.0006; β = -0.209) had an independent effect on TAPSE. In conclusion, in individuals of very advanced age, lower zinc intake is associated with poorer cardiac function. Therefore, increasing the recommended zinc intake in this group deserves consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Szadkowska
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kostka
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Plac Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Nikodem Wlazeł
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kroc
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Plac Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Jegier
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Guligowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Plac Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Zinc plays a critical role in many physiological processes, and disruption of zinc homeostasis induces various disorders, such as growth retardation, osteopenia, immune deficiency, and inflammation. However, how the imbalance in zinc homeostasis leads to heart disease is not yet fully understood. Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death worldwide, and the development of novel therapeutic targets to treat it is urgently needed. We report that a zinc transporter, ZIP13, regulates cardiovascular homeostasis. We found that the expression level of Zip13 mRNA was diminished in both primary neonatal cardiomyocytes and mouse heart tissues treated with the cardiotoxic agent doxycycline. Primary neonatal cardiomyocytes from Zip13 gene-knockout (KO) mice exhibited abnormal irregular arrhythmic beating. RNA-seq analysis identified 606 differentially expressed genes in Zip13-KO mouse-derived primary neonatal cardiomyocytes and Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that both inflammation- and cell adhesion-related genes were significantly enriched. In addition, telemetry echocardiography analysis suggested that arrhythmias were likely to occur in Zip13-KO mice, in which elevated levels of the cardiac fibrosis marker Col1a1, vascular inflammation-related gene eNOS, and Golgi-related molecule GM130 were observed. These results indicate the physiological importance of ZIP13-it maintains cardiovascular homeostasis by resolving inflammation and stress response. Our findings suggest that optimizing ZIP13 expression and/or function may improve cardiovascular disease management.
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Interplay between Zn2+ Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Functions in Cardiovascular Diseases and Heart Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136890. [PMID: 35805904 PMCID: PMC9266371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc plays an important role in cardiomyocytes, where it exists in bound and histochemically reactive labile Zn2+ forms. Although Zn2+ concentration is under tight control through several Zn2+-transporters, its concentration and intracellular distribution may vary during normal cardiac function and pathological conditions, when the protein levels and efficacy of Zn2+ transporters can lead to zinc re-distribution among organelles in cardiomyocytes. Such dysregulation of cellular Zn2+ homeostasis leads to mitochondrial and ER stresses, and interrupts normal ER/mitochondria cross-talk and mitophagy, which subsequently, result in increased ROS production and dysregulated metabolic function. Besides cardiac structural and functional defects, insufficient Zn2+ supply was associated with heart development abnormalities, induction and progression of cardiovascular diseases, resulting in accelerated cardiac ageing. In the present review, we summarize the recently identified connections between cellular and mitochondrial Zn2+ homeostasis, ER stress and mitophagy in heart development, excitation–contraction coupling, heart failure and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Additionally, we discuss the role of Zn2+ in accelerated heart ageing and ageing-associated rise of mitochondrial ROS and cardiomyocyte dysfunction.
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Olgar Y, Tuncay E, Billur D, Turan B. Bimodal Effects of P2Y 12 Antagonism on Matrix Metalloproteinase-Associated Contractile Dysfunction in İnsulin-Resistant Mammalian Heart. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2195-2204. [PMID: 34268701 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02816-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to matrix remodeling in diabetes via tissue degradation; however, their contributions can be different depending on the pathology. For instance, MMPs are elevated in acute stress hyperglycemia, whereas they can be degraded in chronic hyperglycemia. Since studies emphasize the possible cardioprotective effect of ticagrelor (Tica) beyond its antiplatelet action, we aimed to examine whether Tica treatment can reverse the depressed heart function of metabolic syndrome (MetS) rats via affecting the expression levels of MMPs. Tica treatment of high-carbohydrate-induced MetS rats could not affect significantly the depressed contractile activity of Langendorff-perfused heart preparations. On the other hand, the Tica treatment provided a significant recovery in the reduced relaxation activity of the aortic preparations from the same animals. Histological examination of the hearts demonstrated marked damages in Mets rats, such as increases in the number of foamy cells and accumulation of collagen fiber and increases in the elastic lamellar irregularity of tunica media, while Tica treatment provided a slight improvement in the structure of left ventricle tissue. We also could not obtain a significant reverse in the high cytosolic labile Zn2+ ([Zn2+]i) with the treatment of cardiomyocytes with Tica. Furthermore, Tica treatment of MetS rats could not significantly reverse the degraded protein levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the heart, as well. Overall, we demonstrated that Tica treatment of MetS rats has no significant benefits on the depressed heart function, although provide a significant beneficial impact on vascular relaxation. This action of Tica may be through its lack of action on both MMP degradation and high [Zn2+]i, which can further precipitate in cleavage of extracellular matrix in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Olgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Billur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey.
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The Oxidative Balance Orchestrates the Main Keystones of the Functional Activity of Cardiomyocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7714542. [PMID: 35047109 PMCID: PMC8763515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7714542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review is aimed at providing an overview of the key hallmarks of cardiomyocytes in physiological and pathological conditions. The main feature of cardiac tissue is the force generation through contraction. This process requires a conspicuous energy demand and therefore an active metabolism. The cardiac tissue is rich of mitochondria, the powerhouses in cells. These organelles, producing ATP, are also the main sources of ROS whose altered handling can cause their accumulation and therefore triggers detrimental effects on mitochondria themselves and other cell components thus leading to apoptosis and cardiac diseases. This review highlights the metabolic aspects of cardiomyocytes and wanders through the main systems of these cells: (a) the unique structural organization (such as different protein complexes represented by contractile, regulatory, and structural proteins); (b) the homeostasis of intracellular Ca2+ that represents a crucial ion for cardiac functions and E-C coupling; and (c) the balance of Zn2+, an ion with a crucial impact on the cardiovascular system. Although each system seems to be independent and finely controlled, the contractile proteins, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and intracellular Zn2+ signals are strongly linked to each other by the intracellular ROS management in a fascinating way to form a "functional tetrad" which ensures the proper functioning of the myocardium. Nevertheless, if ROS balance is not properly handled, one or more of these components could be altered resulting in deleterious effects leading to an unbalance of this "tetrad" and promoting cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, this "functional tetrad" is proposed as a complex network that communicates continuously in the cardiomyocytes and can drive the switch from physiological to pathological conditions in the heart.
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High-Affinity Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe Based on 6-Amino-2,2'-Bipyridine Scaffold for Endogenous Zn 2+ and Its Application to Living Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041287. [PMID: 35209077 PMCID: PMC8876810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element involved in many biological activities; however, its functions are not fully understood. To elucidate the role of endogenous labile Zn2+, we developed a novel ratiometric fluorescence probe, 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(methylsulfanyl)-[2,2′-bipyridin]-6-amine (6 (rBpyZ)) based on the 6-amino-2,2′-bipyridine scaffold, which acts as both the chelating agent for Zn2+ and the fluorescent moiety. The methoxy group acted as an electron donor, enabling the intramolecular charge transfer state of 6 (rBpyZ), and a ratiometric fluorescence response consisting of a decrease at the emission wavelength of 438 nm and a corresponding increase at the emission wavelength of 465 nm was observed. The ratiometric probe 6 (rBpyZ) exhibited a nanomolar-level dissociation constant (Kd = 0.77 nM), a large Stokes shift (139 nm), and an excellent detection limit (0.10 nM) under physiological conditions. Moreover, fluorescence imaging using A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells revealed that 6 (rBpyZ) had good cell membrane permeability and could clearly visualize endogenous labile Zn2+. These results suggest that the ratiometric fluorescence probe 6 (rBpyZ) has considerable potential as a valuable tool for understanding the role of Zn2+ in living systems.
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Wessels I, Rolles B, Slusarenko AJ, Rink L. Zinc deficiency as a possible risk factor for increased susceptibility and severe progression of Corona Virus Disease 19. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:214-232. [PMID: 33641685 PMCID: PMC8047403 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The importance of Zn for human health becomes obvious during Zn deficiency. Even mild insufficiencies of Zn cause alterations in haematopoiesis and immune functions, resulting in a proinflammatory phenotype and a disturbed redox metabolism. Although immune system malfunction has the most obvious effect, the functions of several tissue cell types are disturbed if Zn supply is limiting. Adhesion molecules and tight junction proteins decrease, while cell death increases, generating barrier dysfunction and possibly organ failure. Taken together, Zn deficiency both weakens the resistance of the human body towards pathogens and at the same time increases the danger of an overactive immune response that may cause tissue damage. The case numbers of Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) are still increasing, which is causing enormous problems for health systems and economies. There is an urgent need to reduce both the number of severe cases and the resulting deaths. While therapeutic options are still under investigation, and first vaccines have been approved, cost-effective ways to reduce the likelihood of or even prevent infection, and the transition from mild symptoms to more serious detrimental disease, are highly desirable. Nutritional supplementation might be an effective option to achieve these aims. In this review, we discuss known Zn deficiency effects in the context of an infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 and its currently known pathogenic mechanisms and elaborate on how severe pre-existing Zn deficiency may pre-dispose patients to a severe progression of COVID-19. First published clinical data on the association of Zn homoeostasis with COVID-19 and registered studies in progress are listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Wessels
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rolles
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Alan J. Slusarenko
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074Aachen, Germany
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14
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Gorący I, Rębacz-Maron E, Korbecki J, Gorący J. Concentrations of Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, P and anthropometric and biochemical parameters in adults with chronic heart failure. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12207. [PMID: 34760349 PMCID: PMC8567860 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study investigated the relationship between the concentrations of Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, P and anthropometric and biochemical parameters in the blood serum of patients with heart failure (HF) and the potential influence on the development and progression of HF. Material & methods The study included 214 patients (155 men and 59 women), aged 40–87 years, presenting symptoms or signs typical of HF (according to the NYHA functional classification). Serum concentrations were determined for Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, P, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, urea, triglyceride levels (TG), total cholesterol (CH), high density protein (HDL), low density protein (LDL). The levels of macro-and microminerals were analysed using inductively coupled serum optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results Our study confirmed the role of known risk factors in the development of heart failure, including: overweight, diabetes, hypertension, high triglycerides (TG), high total cholesterol (CH), high levels of low density protein (LDL) and reduced levels of high density protein (HDL), high CRP, high creatinine. Moreover, deficient serum concentrations of Mg (47% of the studied men and 54% of the women) and Cu (in 44% of men and more than 30% of women) were observed, as well as subnormal serum Fe (2% of women) and Zn (1% of men). Elevated serum Ca was found in 50% of men and 49% of women. In 44% of the studied men and 52% of the studied women, P levels in serum were also above-average. The study revealed a significant positive correlation between serum levels of Ca and Mg, and also Ca and Cu in women. In men, serum Cu was positively correlated with Mg and Ca concentrations. In patients from group 1 (NYHA I–II), Mg content was positively correlated with Ca and Cu. In this patient group, Ca was also positively associated with Cu content in serum. In group 2 (NYHA III-IV), serum Mg concentration was significantly positively correlated with that of Cu and Ca. Conclusions Changes in the serum concentrations of macro-and microminerals may significantly affect the severity of HF in Polish patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Gorący
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Rębacz-Maron
- Institute of Biology, Department of Ecology and Anthropology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Korbecki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Gorący
- Clinic of Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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15
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de Andrade Freire FL, Dantas-Komatsu RCS, de Lira NRD, Diniz RVZ, Lima SCVC, Barbosa F, Pedrosa LFC, Sena-Evangelista KCM. Biomarkers of Zinc and Copper Status and Associated Factors in Outpatients with Ischemic and Non-Ischemic Heart Failure. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:231-239. [PMID: 33570472 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1878069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Few studies have explored the impact of ischemic and non-ischemic etiologies of heart failure and other factors associated with heart failure on zinc and copper status. This study examined zinc and copper status in 80 outpatients with ischemic (n = 36) and non-ischemic (n = 44) heart failure and associations with biodemographic, clinical, biochemical, and nutritional parameters.Materials: Biomarkers of plasma zinc and copper, copper-zinc ratio, 24-h urinary zinc excretion, ceruloplasmin, and dietary intake of zinc and copper were assessed. Plasma zinc and copper and urinary zinc were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Results: Patients with ischemic heart failure showed lower dietary zinc intake and higher dietary copper intake (both p = 0.02). Zinc and copper in plasma, copper-zinc ratio, ceruloplasmin, and 24-h urinary zinc excretion showed no statistical differences between the groups (all p ≥ 0.05). An inverse association was found between age (β =-0.001; p = 0.005) and the use of diuretics (β = -0.047; p = 0.013) and plasma zinc. Copper levels in plasma (β = 0.001; p < 0.001), and albumin (β = 0.090; p<0.001) were directly associated with plasma zinc. A positive association was found between ceruloplasmin (β = 0.011; p < 0.001), gamma-glutamyl transferase (β = 0.001; p < 0.001), albumin (β = 0.077; p = 0.001), and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (β = 0.001; p = 0.024) and plasma copper.Conclusion: Zinc and copper biomarkers in clinically stable patients with heart failure did not seem to be responsive to the differences in zinc and copper intake observed in this study, regardless of heart failure etiology. The predictors of plasma zinc and copper levels related to oxidative stress and inflammation should be monitored in heart failure clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Lambert de Andrade Freire
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Raquel Costa Silva Dantas-Komatsu
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Niethia Regina Dantas de Lira
- Brazilian Hospital Services Company, Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Viana Zuza Diniz
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Severina Carla Vieira Cunha Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia Fatima Campos Pedrosa
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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16
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Kocyła A, Tran JB, Krężel A. Galvanization of Protein-Protein Interactions in a Dynamic Zinc Interactome. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 46:64-79. [PMID: 32958327 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Zn2+ at protein-protein interfaces modulates complex function, stability, and introduces structural flexibility/complexity, chemical selectivity, and reversibility driven in a Zn2+-dependent manner. Recent studies have demonstrated that dynamically changing Zn2+ affects numerous cellular processes, including protein-protein communication and protein complex assembly. How Zn2+-involved protein-protein interactions (ZPPIs) are formed and dissociate and how their stability and reactivity are driven in a zinc interactome remain poorly understood, mostly due to experimental obstacles. Here, we review recent research advances on the role of Zn2+ in the formation of interprotein sites, their architecture, function, and stability. Moreover, we underline the importance of zinc networks in intersystemic communication and highlight bioinformatic and experimental challenges required for the identification and investigation of ZPPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kocyła
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Józef Ba Tran
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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17
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Andreadou I, Schulz R, Papapetropoulos A, Turan B, Ytrehus K, Ferdinandy P, Daiber A, Di Lisa F. The role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, NO and H 2 S in ischaemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6510-6522. [PMID: 32383522 PMCID: PMC7299678 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox signalling in mitochondria plays an important role in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and in cardioprotection. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) modify cellular structures and functions by means of covalent changes in proteins including among others S‐nitros(yl)ation by nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives, and S‐sulphydration by hydrogen sulphide (H2S). Many enzymes are involved in the mitochondrial formation and handling of ROS, NO and H2S under physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, the balance between formation and removal of reactive species is impaired during I/R favouring their accumulation. Therefore, various interventions aimed at decreasing mitochondrial ROS accumulation have been developed and have shown cardioprotective effects in experimental settings. However, ROS, NO and H2S play also a role in endogenous cardioprotection, as in the case of ischaemic pre‐conditioning, so that preventing their increase might hamper self‐defence mechanisms. The aim of the present review was to provide a critical analysis of formation and role of reactive species, NO and H2S in mitochondria, with a special emphasis on mechanisms of injury and protection that determine the fate of hearts subjected to I/R. The elucidation of the signalling pathways of ROS, NO and H2S is likely to reveal novel molecular targets for cardioprotection that could be modulated by pharmacological agents to prevent I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology 1, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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18
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Yu HT, Zhen J, Xu JX, Cai L, Leng JY, Ji HL, Keller BB. Zinc protects against cadmium-induced toxicity in neonatal murine engineered cardiac tissues via metallothionein-dependent and independent mechanisms. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:638-649. [PMID: 31768045 PMCID: PMC7471469 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential heavy metal and a prevalent environmental toxin that has been shown to induce significant cardiomyocyte apoptosis in neonatal murine engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs). In contrast, zinc (Zn) is a potent metallothionein (MT) inducer, which plays an important role in protection against Cd toxicity. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Zn against Cd toxicity in ECTs and explore the underlying mechanisms. ECTs were constructed from neonatal ventricular cells of wild-type (WT) mice and mice with global MT gene deletion (MT-KO). In WT-ECTs, Cd (5-20 μM) caused a dose-dependent toxicity that was detected within 8 h evidenced by suppressed beating, apoptosis, and LDH release; Zn (50-200 μM) dose-dependently induced MT expression in ECTs without causing ECT toxicity; co-treatment of ECT with Zn (50 µM) prevented Cd-induced toxicity. In MT-KO ECTs, Cd toxicity was enhanced; but unexpectedly, cotreatment with Zn provided partial protection against Cd toxicity. Furthermore, Cd, but not Zn, significantly activated Nrf2 and its downstream targets, including HO-1; inhibition of HO-1 by a specific HO-1 inhibitor, ZnPP (10 µM), significantly increased Cd-induced toxicity, but did not inhibit Zn protection against Cd injury, suggesting that Nrf2-mediated HO-1 activation was not required for Zn protective effect. Finally, the ability of Zn to reduce Cd uptake provided an additional MT-independent mechanism for reducing Cd toxicity. Thus, Zn exerts protective effects against Cd toxicity for murine ECTs that are partially MT-mediated. Further studies are required to translate these findings towards clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Yu
- The Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Juan Zhen
- The Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Xu
- The Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- The Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ji-Yan Leng
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hong-Lei Ji
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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19
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Boudreau MW, Peh J, Hergenrother PJ. Procaspase-3 Overexpression in Cancer: A Paradoxical Observation with Therapeutic Potential. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2335-2348. [PMID: 31260254 PMCID: PMC6858495 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many anticancer strategies rely on the promotion of apoptosis in cancer cells as a means to shrink tumors. Crucial for apoptotic function are executioner caspases, most notably caspase-3, that proteolyze a variety of proteins, inducing cell death. Paradoxically, overexpression of procaspase-3 (PC-3), the low-activity zymogen precursor to caspase-3, has been reported in a variety of cancer types. Until recently, this counterintuitive overexpression of a pro-apoptotic protein in cancer has been puzzling. Recent studies suggest subapoptotic caspase-3 activity may promote oncogenic transformation, a possible explanation for the enigmatic overexpression of PC-3. Herein, the overexpression of PC-3 in cancer and its mechanistic basis is reviewed; collectively, the data suggest the potential for exploitation of PC-3 overexpression with PC-3 activators as a targeted anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Jessie Peh
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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20
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Cvetinovic N, Loncar G, Isakovic AM, von Haehling S, Doehner W, Lainscak M, Farkas J. Micronutrient Depletion in Heart Failure: Common, Clinically Relevant and Treatable. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5627. [PMID: 31717934 PMCID: PMC6888526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition with many imbalances, including nutritional issues. Next to sarcopenia and cachexia which are clinically evident, micronutrient deficiency is also present in HF. It is involved in HF pathophysiology and has prognostic implications. In general, most widely known micronutrients are depleted in HF, which is associated with symptoms and adverse outcomes. Nutritional intake is important but is not the only factor reducing the micronutrient availability for bodily processes, because absorption, distribution, and patient comorbidity may play a major role. In this context, interventional studies with parenteral micronutrient supplementation provide evidence that normalization of micronutrients is associated with improvement in physical performance and quality of life. Outcome studies are underway and should be reported in the following years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Cvetinovic
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Hospital Center “Dr. Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Goran Loncar
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Dedinje, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | | | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Goettingen Medical Center, DE-37075 Goettingen, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Goettingen, DE-37099 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Department of Cardiology (Virchow Klinikum), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, DE-13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Mitja Lainscak
- Division of Cardiology, General Hospital Murska Sobota, SI-9000 Murska Sobota, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jerneja Farkas
- Research Unit, General Hospital Murska Sobota, SI-9000 Murska Sobota, Slovenia
- National Institute of Public Health, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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21
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Mitochondria-Targeting Antioxidant Provides Cardioprotection through Regulation of Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Zn 2+ Levels with Re-Distribution of Zn 2+-Transporters in Aged Rat Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153783. [PMID: 31382470 PMCID: PMC6695787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an important risk factor for cardiac dysfunction. Heart during aging exhibits a depressed mechanical activity, at least, through mitochondria-originated increases in ROS. Previously, we also have shown a close relationship between increased ROS and cellular intracellular free Zn2+ ([Zn2+]i) in cardiomyocytes under pathological conditions as well as the contribution of some re-expressed levels of Zn2+-transporters for redistribution of [Zn2+]i among suborganelles. Therefore, we first examined the cellular (total) [Zn2+] and then determined the protein expression levels of Zn2+-transporters in freshly isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from 24-month rat heart compared to those of 6-month rats. The [Zn2+]i in the aged-cardiomyocytes was increased, at most, due to increased ZIP7 and ZnT8 with decreased levels of ZIP8 and ZnT7. To examine redistribution of the cellular [Zn2+]i among suborganelles, such as Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum, S(E)R, and mitochondria ([Zn2+]SER and [Zn2+]Mit), a cell model (with galactose) to mimic the aged-cell in rat ventricular cell line H9c2 was used and demonstrated that there were significant increases in [Zn2+]Mit with decreases in [Zn2+]SER. In addition, the re-distribution of these Zn2+-transporters were markedly changed in mitochondria (increases in ZnT7 and ZnT8 with no changes in ZIP7 and ZIP8) and S(E)R (increase in ZIP7 and decrease in ZnT7 with no changes in both ZIP8 and ZnT8) both of them isolated from freshly isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from aged-rats. Furthermore, we demonstrated that cellular levels of ROS, both total and mitochondrial lysine acetylation (K-Acetylation), and protein-thiol oxidation were significantly high in aged-cardiomyocytes from 24-month old rats. Using a mitochondrial-targeting antioxidant, MitoTEMPO (1 µM, 5-h incubation), we provided an important data associated with the role of mitochondrial-ROS production in the [Zn2+]i-dyshomeostasis of the ventricular cardiomyocytes from 24-month old rats. Overall, our present data, for the first time, demonstrated that a direct mitochondria-targeting antioxidant treatment can be a new therapeutic strategy during aging in the heart through a well-controlled [Zn2+] distribution among cytosol and suborganelles with altered expression levels of the Zn2+-transporters.
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22
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Ischia J, Bolton DM, Patel O. Why is it worth testing the ability of zinc to protect against ischaemia reperfusion injury for human application. Metallomics 2019; 11:1330-1343. [PMID: 31204765 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemia (interruption in the blood/oxygen supply) and subsequent damage induced by reperfusion (restoration of blood/oxygen supply) ultimately leads to cell death, tissue injury and permanent organ dysfunction. The impact of ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is not limited to heart attack and stroke but can be extended to patients undergoing surgeries such as partial nephrectomy for renal cancer, liver resection for colorectal cancer liver metastasis, cardiopulmonary bypass, and organ transplantation. Unfortunately, there are no drugs that can protect organs against the inevitable peril of IRI. Recent data show that a protocol incorporating specific Zn formulation, dosage, number of dosages, time of injection, and mode of Zn delivery (intravenous) and testing of efficacy in a large preclinical sheep model of IRI strongly supports human trials of Zn preconditioning. No doubt, scepticism still exists among funding bodies and research fraternity on whether Zn, a naturally occurring metal, will work where everything else has failed. Therefore, in this article, we review the conflicting evidence on the promoter and protector role of Zn in the case of IRI and highlight factors that may help explain the contradictory evidence. Finally, we review the literature related to the knowledge of Zn's mechanism of action on ROS generation, apoptosis, HIF activation, inflammation, and signal transduction pathways, which highlight Zn's likelihood of success compared to various other interventions targeting IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ischia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia. and Department of Urology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damien M Bolton
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia. and Department of Urology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oneel Patel
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia.
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23
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Turan B. A Brief Overview from the Physiological and Detrimental Roles of Zinc Homeostasis via Zinc Transporters in the Heart. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 188:160-176. [PMID: 30091070 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (mostly as free/labile Zn2+) is an essential structural constituent of many proteins, including enzymes in cellular signaling pathways via functioning as an important signaling molecule in mammalian cells. In cardiomyocytes at resting condition, intracellular labile Zn2+ concentration ([Zn2+]i) is in the nanomolar range, whereas it can increase dramatically under pathological conditions, including hyperglycemia, but the mechanisms that affect its subcellular redistribution is not clear. Therefore, overall, very little is known about the precise mechanisms controlling the intracellular distribution of labile Zn2+, particularly via Zn2+ transporters during cardiac function under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Literature data demonstrated that [Zn2+]i homeostasis in mammalian cells is primarily coordinated by Zn2+ transporters classified as ZnTs (SLC30A) and ZIPs (SLC39A). To identify the molecular mechanisms of diverse functions of labile Zn2+ in the heart, the recent studies focused on the discovery of subcellular localization of these Zn2+ transporters in parallel to the discovery of novel physiological functions of [Zn2+]i in cardiomyocytes. The present review summarizes the current understanding of the role of [Zn2+]i changes in cardiomyocytes under pathological conditions, and under high [Zn2+]i and how Zn2+ transporters are important for its subcellular redistribution. The emerging importance and the promise of some Zn2+ transporters for targeted cardiac therapy against pathological stimuli are also provided. Taken together, the review clearly outlines cellular control of cytosolic Zn2+ signaling by Zn2+ transporters, the role of Zn2+ transporters in heart function under hyperglycemia, the role of Zn2+ under increased oxidative stress and ER stress, and their roles in cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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24
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Acute dietary zinc deficiency in rats exacerbates myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury through depletion of glutathione. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:961-973. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractZn plays an important role in maintaining the anti-oxidant status within the heart and helps to counter the acute redox stress that occurs during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. Individuals with low Zn levels are at greater risk of developing an acute myocardial infarction; however, the impact of this on the extent of myocardial injury is unknown. The present study aimed to compare the effects of dietary Zn depletion with in vitro removal of Zn (N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (TPEN)) on the outcome of acute myocardial infarction and vascular function. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed either a Zn-adequate (35 mg Zn/kg diet) or Zn-deficient (<1 mg Zn/kg diet) diet for 2 weeks before heart isolation. Perfused hearts were subjected to a 30 min ischaemia/2 h reperfusion (I/R) protocol, during which time ventricular arrhythmias were recorded and after which infarct size was measured, along with markers of anti-oxidant status. In separate experiments, hearts were challenged with the Zn chelator TPEN (10 µm) before ischaemia onset. Both dietary and TPEN-induced Zn depletion significantly extended infarct size; dietary Zn depletion was associated with reduced total cardiac glutathione (GSH) levels, while TPEN decreased cardiac superoxide dismutase 1 levels. TPEN, but not dietary Zn depletion, also suppressed ventricular arrhythmias and depressed vascular responses to nitric oxide. These findings demonstrate that both modes of Zn depletion worsen the outcome from I/R but through different mechanisms. Dietary Zn deficiency, resulting in reduced cardiac GSH, is the most appropriate model for determining the role of endogenous Zn in I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Fukada
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0042, Japan.
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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