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Asahi R, Sunaga A, Shirado T, Saito N, Mori M, Yamamoto Y, Wu Y, Yoshimura K. Irradiation Affects Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Wound Healing Depending on Radiation Dose and Frequency. Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 154:283e-295e. [PMID: 37678801 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000011045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapies are often associated with permanent devitalization in the surrounding tissue. The authors hypothesized that stem cells are damaged depending on each irradiation dose and frequency of fractionated radiotherapies, which results in impaired tissue function, including wound-healing capacity. METHODS Susceptibility of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to a single irradiation (0 to 10 Gy) was assessed in vitro. In vivo chronic radiation effects were also assessed on mouse dorsal skin ( n = 4 to 5) for 6 months after a total of 40 Gy irradiation (0 Gy as control) using 1 of 3 fractionated protocols (2 Gy daily for 20 days, 10 Gy weekly for 4 weeks, or 10 Gy monthly for 4 months). Oxygen partial pressure, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, and dorsal skin viscoelasticity were measured periodically, and wound healing and tissue immunohistology were compared at 6 months. RESULTS A single irradiation of cultured human ASCs resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cell death up to 2 Gy but with no further increases between 2 and 10 Gy. Most of the apoptotic ASCs were in the proliferation phase. Among the 3 in vivo irradiation protocols, the 2 Gy×20 group had the most severe chronic tissue damage (ie, skin dysfunction, subcutaneous atrophy, depletion of CD34 + stem cells) 6 months after the irradiation. Wound healing was also impaired most significantly in the 2 Gy×20 group. CONCLUSION These results have important clinical implications for surgeons and radiotherapists in the timing of surgical interventions and the optimization of fractionation protocols. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Irradiation damages stem cells depending on the radiation dose and frequency. Using the ultimately optimized protocol, surgeons can minimize the long-term functional deficits of radiated tissue without losing the anticancer efficacy of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Asahi
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University
| | - Ataru Sunaga
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University
| | - Takako Shirado
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University
| | - Natsumi Saito
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University
| | - Masanori Mori
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University
| | | | - Yunyan Wu
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University
| | - Kotaro Yoshimura
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University
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Qiao R, Yuan Z, Yang M, Tang Z, He L, Chen T. Selenium-Doped Nanoheterojunctions for Highly Efficient Cancer Radiosensitization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402039. [PMID: 38828705 PMCID: PMC11304322 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Exploring efficient and low-toxicity radiosensitizers to break through the bottleneck of radiation tolerance, immunosuppression and poor prognosis remains one of the critical developmental challenges in radiotherapy. Nanoheterojunctions, due to their unique physicochemical properties, have demonstrated excellent radiosensitization effects in radiation energy deposition and in lifting tumor radiotherapy inhibition. Herein, they doped selenium (Se) into prussian blue (PB) to construct a nano-heterojunction (Se@PB), which could promote the increase of Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio and conversion of Se to a high valence state with Se introduction. The Fe2+-Se-Fe3+ electron transfer chain accelerates the rate of electron transfer on the surface of the nanoparticles, which in turn endows it with efficient X-ray energy transfer and electron transport capability, and enhances radiotherapy physical sensitivity. Furthermore, Se@PB induces glutathione (GSH) depletion and Fe2+ accumulation through pro-Fenton reaction, thereby disturbs the redox balance in tumor cells and enhances biochemical sensitivity of radiotherapy. As an excellent radiosensitizer, Se@PB effectively enhances X-ray induced mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage, thereby promotes cell apoptosis and synergistic cervical cancer radiotherapy. This study elucidates the radiosensitization mechanism of Se-doped nanoheterojunction from the perspective of the electron transfer chain and biochemistry reaction, which provides an efficient and low-toxic strategy in radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceDepartment of Oncology of The First Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Zhongwen Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceDepartment of Oncology of The First Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Meijin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceDepartment of Oncology of The First Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Zhiying Tang
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceDepartment of Oncology of The First Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Lizhen He
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceDepartment of Oncology of The First Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceDepartment of Oncology of The First Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
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Tao J, Xue C, Cao M, Ye J, Sun Y, Chen H, Guan Y, Zhang W, Zhang W, Yao Y. Protein disulfide isomerase family member 4 promotes triple-negative breast cancer tumorigenesis and radiotherapy resistance through JNK pathway. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:1. [PMID: 38167446 PMCID: PMC10759449 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite radiotherapy ability to significantly improve treatment outcomes and survival in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, acquired resistance to radiotherapy poses a serious clinical challenge. Protein disulfide isomerase exists in endoplasmic reticulum and plays an important role in promoting protein folding and post-translational modification. However, little is known about the role of protein disulfide isomerase family member 4 (PDIA4) in TNBC, especially in the context of radiotherapy resistance. METHODS We detected the presence of PDIA4 in TNBC tissues and paracancerous tissues, then examined the proliferation and apoptosis of TNBC cells with/without radiotherapy. As part of the validation process, xenograft tumor mouse model was used. Mass spectrometry and western blot analysis were used to identify PDIA4-mediated molecular signaling pathway. RESULTS Based on paired clinical specimens of TNBC patients, we found that PDIA4 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. In vitro, PDIA4 knockdown not only increased apoptosis of tumor cells with/without radiotherapy, but also decreased the ability of proliferation. In contrast, overexpression of PDIA4 induced the opposite effects on apoptosis and proliferation. According to Co-IP/MS results, PDIA4 prevented Tax1 binding protein 1 (TAX1BP1) degradation by binding to TAX1BP1, which inhibited c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Moreover, PDIA4 knockdown suppressed tumor growth xenograft model in vivo, which was accompanied by an increase in apoptosis and promoted tumor growth inhibition after radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that PDIA4 is an oncoprotein that promotes TNBC progression, and targeted therapy may represent a new and effective anti-tumor strategy, especially for patients with radiotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Tao
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Cailin Xue
- Division of Hepatobilliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiahui Ye
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yulu Sun
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yinan Guan
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Yongzhong Yao
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Burko P, D’Amico G, Miltykh I, Scalia F, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Giglia G, Cappello F, Caruso Bavisotto C. Molecular Pathways Implicated in Radioresistance of Glioblastoma Multiforme: What Is the Role of Extracellular Vesicles? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054883. [PMID: 36902314 PMCID: PMC10003080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary brain tumor that is very aggressive, resistant to treatment, and characterized by a high degree of anaplasia and proliferation. Routine treatment includes ablative surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, GMB rapidly relapses and develops radioresistance. Here, we briefly review the mechanisms underpinning radioresistance and discuss research to stop it and install anti-tumor defenses. Factors that participate in radioresistance are varied and include stem cells, tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, hypoxia, metabolic reprogramming, the chaperone system, non-coding RNAs, DNA repair, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). We direct our attention toward EVs because they are emerging as promising candidates as diagnostic and prognostication tools and as the basis for developing nanodevices for delivering anti-cancer agents directly into the tumor mass. EVs are relatively easy to obtain and manipulate to endow them with the desired anti-cancer properties and to administer them using minimally invasive procedures. Thus, isolating EVs from a GBM patient, supplying them with the necessary anti-cancer agent and the capability of recognizing a specified tissue-cell target, and reinjecting them into the original donor appears, at this time, as a reachable objective of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Burko
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa D’Amico
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilia Miltykh
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Medicine, Penza State University, 440026 Penza, Russia
| | - Federica Scalia
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giglia
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Section of Human Physiology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0916553501
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Yang S, Tang X, Wang L, Ni C, Wu Y, Zhou L, Zeng Y, Zhao C, Wu A, Wang Q, Xu X, Wang Y, Chen R, Zhang X, Zou L, Huang X, Wu J. Targeting TLR2/Rac1/cdc42/JNK Pathway to Reveal That Ruxolitinib Promotes Thrombocytopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416137. [PMID: 36555781 PMCID: PMC9787584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia has long been considered an important complication of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which severely limits the effectiveness of cancer treatment and the overall survival of patients. However, clinical treatment options are extremely limited so far. Ruxolitinib is a potential candidate. METHODS The impact of ruxolitinib on the differentiation and maturation of K562 and Meg-01 cells megakaryocytes (MKs) was examined by flow cytometry, Giemsa and Phalloidin staining. A mouse model of radiation-injured thrombocytopenia (RIT) was employed to evaluate the action of ruxolitinib on thrombocytopoiesis. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, drug affinity responsive target stability assay (DARTS), RNA sequencing, protein blotting and immunofluorescence analysis were applied to explore the targets and mechanisms of action of ruxolitinib. RESULTS Ruxolitinib can stimulate MK differentiation and maturation in a dose-dependent manner and accelerates recovery of MKs and thrombocytopoiesis in RIT mice. Biological targeting analysis showed that ruxolitinib binds directly to Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) to activate Rac1/cdc42/JNK, and this action was shown to be blocked by C29, a specific inhibitor of TLR2. CONCLUSIONS Ruxolitinib was first identified to facilitate MK differentiation and thrombocytopoiesis, which may alleviate RIT. The potential mechanism of ruxolitinib was to promote MK differentiation via activating the Rac1/cdc42/JNK pathway through binding to TLR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chengyang Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yuesong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yueying Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chunling Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qiaozhi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiyan Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lile Zou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinwu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-13808285526 (X.H.); +86-13982416641 (J.W.)
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-13808285526 (X.H.); +86-13982416641 (J.W.)
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Kalave S, Hegde N, Juvale K. Applications of Nanotechnology-based Approaches to Overcome Multi-drug Resistance in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:3140-3157. [PMID: 35366765 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220401142300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are the major treatments used for the management of cancer. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major hindrance faced in the treatment of cancer and is also responsible for cancer relapse. To date, several studies have been carried out on strategies to overcome or reverse MDR in cancer. Unfortunately, the MDR reversing agents have been proven to have minimal clinical benefits, and eventually, no improvement has been made in therapeutic efficacy to date. Thus, several investigational studies have also focused on overcoming drug resistance rather than reversing the MDR. In this review, we focus primarily on nanoformulations regarded as a novel approach to overcome or bypass the MDR in cancer. The nanoformulation systems serve as an attractive strategy as these nanosized materials selectively get accumulated in tumor tissues, thereby improving the clinical outcomes of patients suffering from MDR cancer. In the current work, we present an overview of recent trends in the application of various nano-formulations, belonging to different mechanistic classes and functionalization like carbon nanotubes, carbon nanohorns, carbon nanospheres, liposomes, dendrimers, etc., to overcome MDR in cancer. A detailed overview of these techniques will help researchers in exploring the applicability of nanotechnologybased approaches to treat MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Kalave
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle [W], Mumbai, India
| | - Namita Hegde
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle [W], Mumbai, India
| | - Kapil Juvale
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle [W], Mumbai, India
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da Silva RB, Bertoldo WDR, Naves LL, de Vito FB, Damasceno JD, Tosi LRO, Machado CR, Pedrosa AL. Specific Human ATR and ATM Inhibitors Modulate Single Strand DNA Formation in Leishmania major Exposed to Oxidative Agent. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:802613. [PMID: 35059327 PMCID: PMC8763966 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.802613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania parasites are the causative agents of a group of neglected tropical diseases known as leishmaniasis. The molecular mechanisms employed by these parasites to adapt to the adverse conditions found in their hosts are not yet completely understood. DNA repair pathways can be used by Leishmania to enable survival in the interior of macrophages, where the parasite is constantly exposed to oxygen reactive species. In higher eukaryotes, DNA repair pathways are coordinated by the central protein kinases ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR). The enzyme Exonuclease-1 (EXO1) plays important roles in DNA replication, repair, and recombination, and it can be regulated by ATM- and ATR-mediated signaling pathways. In this study, the DNA damage response pathways in promastigote forms of L. major were investigated using bioinformatics tools, exposure of lineages to oxidizing agents and radiation damage, treatment of cells with ATM and ATR inhibitors, and flow cytometry analysis. We demonstrated high structural and important residue conservation for the catalytic activity of the putative LmjEXO1. The overexpression of putative LmjEXO1 made L. major cells more susceptible to genotoxic damage, most likely due to the nuclease activity of this enzyme and the occurrence of hyper-resection of DNA strands. These cells could be rescued by the addition of caffeine or a selective ATM inhibitor. In contrast, ATR-specific inhibition made the control cells more susceptible to oxidative damage in an LmjEXO1 overexpression-like manner. We demonstrated that ATR-specific inhibition results in the formation of extended single-stranded DNA, most likely due to EXO1 nucleasic activity. Antagonistically, ATM inhibition prevented single-strand DNA formation, which could explain the survival phenotype of lineages overexpressing LmjEXO1. These results suggest that an ATM homolog in Leishmania could act to promote end resection by putative LmjEXO1, and an ATR homologue could prevent hyper-resection, ensuring adequate repair of the parasite DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa Bernardes da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Farmacologia e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Willian Dos Reis Bertoldo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Farmacologia e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucila Langoni Naves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Farmacologia e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bernadelli de Vito
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Jeziel Dener Damasceno
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz Ricardo Orsini Tosi
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Pedrosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Farmacologia e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
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Gomes ER, Franco MS. Combining Nanocarrier-Assisted Delivery of Molecules and Radiotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010105. [PMID: 35057001 PMCID: PMC8781448 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is responsible for a significant proportion of death all over the world. Therefore, strategies to improve its treatment are highly desired. The use of nanocarriers to deliver anticancer treatments has been extensively investigated and improved since the approval of the first liposomal formulation for cancer treatment in 1995. Radiotherapy (RT) is present in the disease management strategy of around 50% of cancer patients. In the present review, we bring the state-of-the-art information on the combination of nanocarrier-assisted delivery of molecules and RT. We start with formulations designed to encapsulate single or multiple molecules that, once delivered to the tumor site, act directly on the cells to improve the effects of RT. Then, we describe formulations designed to modulate the tumor microenvironment by delivering oxygen or to boost the abscopal effect. Finally, we present how RT can be employed to trigger molecule delivery from nanocarriers or to modulate the EPR effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Rocha Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Marina Santiago Franco
- Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), 85764 München, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-3187-48767
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9
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Anatomic and metabolic alterations in the rodent frontal cortex caused by clinically relevant fractionated whole-brain irradiation. Neurochem Int 2022; 154:105293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Malipatlolla DK, Devarakonda S, Patel P, Sjöberg F, Rascón A, Grandér R, Skokic V, Kalm M, Danial J, Mehdin E, Warholm M, Norling H, Stringer A, Johansson MEV, Nyman M, Steineck G, Bull C. A Fiber-Rich Diet and Radiation-Induced Injury in the Murine Intestinal Mucosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:439. [PMID: 35008864 PMCID: PMC8745769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber is considered a strong intestinal protector, but we do not know whether dietary fiber protects against the long-lasting mucosal damage caused by ionizing radiation. To evaluate whether a fiber-rich diet can ameliorate the long-lasting pathophysiological hallmarks of the irradiated mucosa, C57BL/6J mice on a fiber-rich bioprocessed oat bran diet or a fiber-free diet received 32 Gray in four fractions to the distal colorectum using a linear accelerator and continued on the diets for one, six or 18 weeks. We quantified degenerating crypts, crypt fission, cell proliferation, crypt survival, macrophage density and bacterial infiltration. Crypt loss through crypt degeneration only occurred in the irradiated mice. Initially, it was most frequent in the fiber-deprived group but declined to levels similar to the fiber-consuming group by 18 weeks. The fiber-consuming group had a fast response to irradiation, with crypt fission for growth or healing peaking already at one week post-irradiation, while crypt fission in the fiber-deprived group peaked at six weeks. A fiber-rich diet allowed for a more intense crypt cell proliferation, but the recovery of crypts was eventually lost by 18 weeks. Bacterial infiltration was a late phenomenon, evident in the fiber-deprived animals and intensified manyfold after irradiation. Bacterial infiltration also coincided with a specific pro-inflammatory serum cytokine profile. In contrast, mice on a fiber-rich diet were completely protected from irradiation-induced bacterial infiltration and exhibited a similar serum cytokine profile as sham-irradiated mice on a fiber-rich diet. Our findings provide ample evidence that dietary fiber consumption modifies the onset, timing and intensity of radiation-induced pathophysiological processes in the intestinal mucosa. However, we need more knowledge, not least from clinical studies, before this finding can be introduced to a new and refined clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar Malipatlolla
- The Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology at the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (P.P.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (V.S.); (J.D.); (E.M.); (M.W.); (H.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Sravani Devarakonda
- The Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology at the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (P.P.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (V.S.); (J.D.); (E.M.); (M.W.); (H.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Piyush Patel
- The Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology at the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (P.P.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (V.S.); (J.D.); (E.M.); (M.W.); (H.N.); (G.S.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases at the Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fei Sjöberg
- The Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology at the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (P.P.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (V.S.); (J.D.); (E.M.); (M.W.); (H.N.); (G.S.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases at the Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana Rascón
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Rita Grandér
- The Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology at the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (P.P.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (V.S.); (J.D.); (E.M.); (M.W.); (H.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Viktor Skokic
- The Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology at the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (P.P.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (V.S.); (J.D.); (E.M.); (M.W.); (H.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Marie Kalm
- Department of Pharmacology at the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Jolie Danial
- The Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology at the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (P.P.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (V.S.); (J.D.); (E.M.); (M.W.); (H.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Eva Mehdin
- The Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology at the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (P.P.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (V.S.); (J.D.); (E.M.); (M.W.); (H.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Malin Warholm
- The Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology at the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (P.P.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (V.S.); (J.D.); (E.M.); (M.W.); (H.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Henrietta Norling
- The Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology at the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (P.P.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (V.S.); (J.D.); (E.M.); (M.W.); (H.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Andrea Stringer
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Malin E. V. Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology at the Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Gunnar Steineck
- The Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology at the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (P.P.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (V.S.); (J.D.); (E.M.); (M.W.); (H.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Cecilia Bull
- The Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology at the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (D.K.M.); (S.D.); (P.P.); (F.S.); (R.G.); (V.S.); (J.D.); (E.M.); (M.W.); (H.N.); (G.S.)
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Can Dexmedetomidine Be Effective in the Protection of Radiotherapy-Induced Brain Damage in the Rat? Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1338-1351. [PMID: 34057703 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 7 million people are reported to be undergoing radiotherapy (RT) at any one time in the world. However, it is still not possible to prevent damage to secondary organs that are off-target. This study, therefore, investigated the potential adverse effects of RT on the brain, using cognitive, histopathological, and biochemical methods, and the counteractive effect of the α2-adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine. Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats aged 5-6 months were randomly allocated into four groups: untreated control, and RT, RT + dexmedetomidine-100, and RT + dexmedetomidine-200-treated groups. The passive avoidance test was applied to all groups. The RT groups received total body X-ray irradiation as a single dose of 8 Gy. The rats were sacrificed 24 h after X-ray irradiation, and following the application of the passive avoidance test. The brain tissues were subjected to histological and biochemical evaluation. No statistically significant difference was found between the control and RT groups in terms of passive avoidance outcomes and 8-hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) positivity. In contrast, a significant increase in tissue MDA and GSH levels and positivity for TUNEL, TNF-α, and nNOS was observed between the control and the irradiation groups (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in these values was observed in the groups receiving dexmedetomidine. Compared with the control group, gradual elevation was determined in GSH levels in the RT group, followed by the RT + dexmedetomidine-100 and RT + dexmedetomidine-200 groups. Dexmedetomidine may be beneficial in countering the adverse effects of RT in the cerebral and hippocampal regions.
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Next Generation of Androgen Deprivation Therapy Combined With Radiotherapy for N0 M0 Prostate Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:21-28. [PMID: 31977381 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy in combination with definitive radiation therapy is a standard of care for both intermediate-/high-risk localized prostate, locally advanced prostate cancer. Newer hormonal therapies have shown promising results in patients with castration-resistant disease and are now being investigated in early stages, in combination with radiation therapy. In this section, we review the body of evidence elucidating the mechanism of synergy and immune modulation effect of androgen deprivation therapy and radiation therapy, summarize the pivotal studies supporting its use in the nonmetastatic setting, and present the ongoing studies who will likely shape the management of locally advanced disease, in the upcoming years.
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Andersson D, Kristiansson H, Kubista M, Ståhlberg A. Ultrasensitive circulating tumor DNA analysis enables precision medicine: experimental workflow considerations. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:299-310. [PMID: 33683971 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1889371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has become a relevant biomarker in cancer management, allowing tumor assessment through analysis of minimally invasive liquid biopsies. Applications include screening, diagnostics, monitoring of treatment efficacy and detection of minimal residual disease as well as relapse. The potential of ctDNA analysis is significant, but several biological and technical challenges need to be addressed before widespread clinical implementation.Areas covered: Several clinical applications where ctDNA analysis may be beneficial require detection of individual DNA molecules. Consequently, to acquire accurate and informative data the entire workflow from sampling to final data interpretation needs to be optimized. In this review, we discuss the biological and technical challenges of ctDNA analysis and how preanalytical and analytical approaches affect different cancer applications.Expert opinion: While numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of using ctDNA in cancer applications, yet few reports about true clinical utility exist. Despite encouraging data, the sensitivity of ctDNA analyses, i.e. the probability to detect presence of cancer in liquid biopsies, is still an issue. Analysis of multiple mutations in combination with simultaneous assessment of other analytes is one solution. Improved standardization and guidelines will also facilitate the introduction of ctDNA analysis into clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Kristiansson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Kubista
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,TATAA Biocenter, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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14
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Pariset E, Malkani S, Cekanaviciute E, Costes SV. Ionizing radiation-induced risks to the central nervous system and countermeasures in cellular and rodent models. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:S132-S150. [PMID: 32946305 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1820598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Harmful effects of ionizing radiation on the Central Nervous System (CNS) are a concerning outcome in the field of cancer radiotherapy and form a major risk for deep space exploration. Both acute and chronic CNS irradiation induce a complex network of molecular and cellular alterations including DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell death and systemic inflammation, leading to changes in neuronal structure and synaptic plasticity with behavioral and cognitive consequences in animal models. Due to this complexity, countermeasure or therapeutic approaches to reduce the harmful effects of ionizing radiation include a wide range of protective and mitigative strategies, which merit a thorough comparative analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed current approaches for developing countermeasures to both targeted and non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation on the CNS from the molecular and cellular to the behavioral level. RESULTS We focus on countermeasures that aim to mitigate the four main detrimental actions of radiation on CNS: DNA damage, free radical formation and oxidative stress, cell death, and harmful systemic responses including tissue death and neuroinflammation. We propose a comprehensive review of CNS radiation countermeasures reported for the full range of irradiation types (photons and particles, low and high linear energy transfer) and doses (from a fraction of gray to several tens of gray, fractionated and unfractionated), with a particular interest for exposure conditions relevant to deep-space environment and radiotherapy. Our review reveals the importance of combined strategies that increase DNA protection and repair, reduce free radical formation and increase their elimination, limit inflammation and improve cell viability, limit tissue damage and increase repair and plasticity. CONCLUSIONS The majority of therapeutic approaches to protect the CNS from ionizing radiation have been limited to acute high dose and high dose rate gamma irradiation, and few are translatable from animal models to potential human application due to harmful side effects and lack of blood-brain barrier permeability that precludes peripheral administration. Therefore, a promising research direction would be to focus on practical applicability and effectiveness in a wider range of irradiation paradigms, from fractionated therapeutic to deep space radiation. In addition to discovering novel therapeutics, it would be worth maximizing the benefits and reducing side effects of those that already exist. Finally, we suggest that novel cellular and tissue models for developing and testing countermeasures in the context of other impairments might also be applied to the field of CNS responses to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Pariset
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA.,Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Sherina Malkani
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.,Young Scientist Program, Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Egle Cekanaviciute
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Sylvain V Costes
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
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15
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Gong DY, Chen X, Yang TL, Wang Y, Guo Y, Zeng JH, Chen SZ. Upregulation of ECT2 is associated with transcriptional program of cancer stem cells and predicts poor clinical outcome in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:54. [PMID: 32788941 PMCID: PMC7416382 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. The identification of prognostic indicators that are associated with clinical characteristics is urgently required. The aim of the present study was to determine the involvement of epithelial cell transforming 2 (ECT2) in gastric cancer. The results of the present study demonstrated that ECT2 expression was upregulated in human gastric cancer samples. Furthermore, high ECT2 expression was associated with advanced Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage and deeper tumor invasion. ECT2 upregulation was further confirmed in several independent publicly available clinical cohorts from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. In addition, patients with gastric cancer, with high ECT2 expression exhibited a significantly shorter overall survival time than those with low ECT2 expression, and Cox regression analysis demonstrated that ECT2 expression was an independent prognostic marker for overall survival time. Characterization of the transcriptome profiles of ECT2 upregulated gastric tumors indicated that ECT2 upregulation may be associated with transcriptional features of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Additionally, BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase and E2F transcription factor 7, two genes previously reported to account for the functionality of CSCs, were strongly enriched in ECT2High gastric cancer samples. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that ECT2 may serve as a novel marker for CSCs and may be a potential prognostic indicator in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Yin Gong
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Yu Guo
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hao Zeng
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Ze Chen
- Department of Pathyphysiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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16
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Zhang D, Zhou W, Lam TT, Li Y, Duman JG, Dougherty PM, Grosshans DR. Cranial irradiation induces axon initial segment dysfunction and neuronal injury in the prefrontal cortex and impairs hippocampal coupling. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa058. [PMID: 32642710 PMCID: PMC7260696 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy for brain tumors commonly induces cognitive dysfunction. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is crucial for a diverse array of cognitive processes, however, its role in radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction is unknown. We previously found that cranial irradiation impairs neuroplasticity along the hippocampal-PFC pathway. Herein, we hypothesized that brain irradiation directly affects the firing properties of PFC neurons, contributing to deficits in neuronal functions. METHODS In vivo recordings were used to monitor the firing activities of PFC neurons and local field potentials in both PFC and hippocampal CA1/subicular regions after cranial irradiation of Sprague Dawley rats. We further assessed the impacts of irradiation on axon initial segments (AISs) with immunofluorescence assays of PFC slices. RESULTS We found that PFC neurons exhibited increased excitation 3 days after radiation and the timing of increased excitation coincided with elongation of the AIS. At 2 weeks, excitation levels returned to nearly normal levels however the population of spontaneously firing neurons decreased. While the number of NeuN-positive neurons in the PFC was not different, persistent neuronal injury, manifested as ATF-3 staining, was present at 2 weeks. Radiation also disrupted communication along the hippocampal-PFC pathway, with elongation of the phase lag between regions. Analysis of paired-pulse ratios suggested that this was secondary to presynaptic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Cranial irradiation excited and injured surviving PFC neurons and was associated with a partial block of PFC's functional coupling to the hippocampus. These deficits in the PFC may contribute to radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thanh Thai Lam
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pain Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph G Duman
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick M Dougherty
- Department of Pain Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David R Grosshans
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA,Corresponding Author: David R. Grosshans, MD, PhD, Departments of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 97, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA ()
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X-ray irradiated cultures of mouse cortical neural stem/progenitor cells recover cell viability and proliferation with dose-dependent kinetics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6562. [PMID: 32300147 PMCID: PMC7162981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of the developing or adult brain to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause cognitive impairment and/or brain cancer, by targeting neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). IR effects on NSPCs include transient cell cycle arrest, permanent cell cycle exit/differentiation, or cell death, depending on the experimental conditions. In vivo studies suggest that brain age influences NSPC response to IR, but whether this is due to intrinsic NSPC changes or to niche environment modifications remains unclear. Here, we describe the dose-dependent, time-dependent effects of X-ray IR in NSPC cultures derived from the mouse foetal cerebral cortex. We show that, although cortical NSPCs are resistant to low/moderate IR doses, high level IR exposure causes cell death, accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks, activation of p53-related molecular pathways and cell cycle alterations. Irradiated NSPC cultures transiently upregulate differentiation markers, but recover control levels of proliferation, viability and gene expression in the second week post-irradiation. These results are consistent with previously described in vivo effects of IR in the developing mouse cortex, and distinct from those observed in adult NSPC niches or in vitro adult NSPC cultures, suggesting that intrinsic differences in NSPCs of different origins might determine, at least in part, their response to IR.
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18
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Andersson D, Fagman H, Dalin MG, Ståhlberg A. Circulating cell-free tumor DNA analysis in pediatric cancers. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 72:100819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Epsilon-Globin HBE1 Enhances Radiotherapy Resistance by Down-Regulating BCL11A in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040498. [PMID: 30965648 PMCID: PMC6521047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to radiotherapy is considered an important obstacle in the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, the mechanisms that enable tumor cells to tolerate the effects of radiation remain unclear. Moreover, radiotherapy causes accumulated mutations in transcription factors, which can lead to changes in gene expression and radiosensitivity. This phenomenon reduces the effectiveness of radiation therapy towards cancer cells. In the present study, radiation-resistant (RR) cancer cells were established by sequential radiation exposure, and hemoglobin subunit epsilon 1 (HBE1) was identified as a candidate radiation resistance-associated protein based on RNA-sequencing analysis. Then, compared to radiosensitive (RS) cell lines, the overexpression of HBE1 in RR cell lines was used to measure various forms of radiation-induced cellular damage. Consequently, HBE1-overexpressing cell lines were found to exhibit decreased radiation-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell mortality. Conversely, HBE1 deficiency in RR cell lines increased intracellular ROS production, G2/M arrest, and apoptosis, and decreased clonogenic survival rate. These effects were reversed by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine. Moreover, HBE1 overexpression was found to attenuate radiation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis via an inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1)-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. In addition, increased HBE1 expression induced by γ-irradiation in RS cells attenuated expression of the transcriptional regulator BCL11A, whereas its depletion in RR cells increased BCL11A expression. Collectively, these observations indicate that the expression of HBE1 during radiotherapy might potentiate the survival of radiation-exposed colorectal cancer cells.
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Impact of Unilateral Orbital Radiotherapy on the Structure and Function of Bilateral Human Meibomian Gland. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:9308649. [PMID: 30498598 PMCID: PMC6222211 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9308649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy (RT) has widely been used to treat ocular tumors, yet the impact of orbital radiation to the meibomian gland has rarely been studied. Our study aims at evaluating the bilateral meibomian gland structure and function 12 months after unilateral orbital RT in patients with ocular tumors. Methods An observational case-control study. A total of 10 eyes 12 months after unilateral orbital RT, 10 contralateral eyes, and 10 normal controls were enrolled. Meibomian gland loss (MGL), lipid layer thickness (LLT), tear film breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer I test, and cornea fluorescein staining were measured. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) of the RT patients was assessed and compared with normal controls. Results The cumulative median radiotherapy dosage for the patients was 45 (range: 30, 70) Gy. The OSDI score of the patients was significantly greater than the normal controls (22.92 (range: 10.42, 37.50) vs 6.25 (range: 2.08, 10.42), p ≤ 0.001). Significant differences of upper MGL, lower MGL, LLT, and TBUT were found between the diseased eyes and normal controls (37.79% (range: 12.87, 92.41) vs 12.63% (range: 6.13, 42.34), p=0.007; 61.31% (range: 44.67, 87.98) vs 15.53% (range: 7.65, 45.13), p ≤ 0.001; 40 ICU (range: 23, 100) vs 81.5 ICU (range: 54, 100), p=0.007; 3.5 s (range: 2, 8) vs 6.5 s (range: 5, 10), p=0.002). The upper MGL and TBUT of the contralateral eyes were also considerably damaged compared with normal controls. Lower eyelid MGL and cornea staining score of the diseased eye were significantly correlated with radiation dosage (r = 0.913 and 0.680; p=0.001 and 0.044, respectively). Conclusion Orbital radiotherapy could cause significant damage to the meibomian gland structure and function, not only the diseased eyes but also the contralateral eyes.
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Kong F, Zhou J, Du C, He X, Kong L, Hu C, Ying H. Long-term survival and late complications of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1139. [PMID: 30453915 PMCID: PMC6245884 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effectiveness and toxicities of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS One hundred and eighty-four previously irradiated NPC patients with recurrent disease and re-irradiated by IMRT between February 2005 to May 2013 had been reviewed. The disease was re-staged I in 33, II in 27, III in 70 and IV in 54 patients. Seventy-five percent of the patients received cisplatin-based chemotherapy. RESULTS The median survival time was 33 months. The 3-year actuarial rates of local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant metastases-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) rates were 85.1, 91.1, and 46.0%, respectively. About 53% of the patients experienced Grade 3-4 late toxicities. Forty-four patients died of massive hemorrhage of the nasopharynx caused by radiation induced mucosal necrosis. Multivariate analysis indicated that chemotherapy and time interval between initial radiotherapy and re-irradiation were independent predictors for DMFS. CONCLUSION IMRT is an effective method for patients with locally recurrent NPC. Massive hemorrhage of the nasopharynx is the major sever late complication and also the leading cause of death. Early recurrence is negative factor for DMFS. Combination of chemotherapy can improve DMFS, but not for OS. Optimal salvage treatment strategies focusing on improvement of survival and minimization of late toxicities are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengrun Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiayun He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaosu Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Ying
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Yasuda T, Ishikawa Y, Shioya N, Itoh K, Kamahori M, Nagata K, Takano Y, Mitani H, Oda S. Radical change of apoptotic strategy following irradiation during later period of embryogenesis in medaka (Oryzias latipes). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201790. [PMID: 30075024 PMCID: PMC6075778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis in response to various genotoxic stresses could block transmission of teratogenic mutations to progeny cells. The severity of biological effects following irradiation depends on the stage at which embryos are irradiated during embryogenesis. We reported previously that irradiation of medaka embryos 3 days post fertilization (dpf) with 10 Gy of gamma rays induced high incidence of apoptotic cells in the mid-brain, however, the embryos hatched normally and developed without apparent malformations. To determine the severity of biological effects following irradiation during a later period of embryogenesis, embryos of various developmental stages were irradiated with 15 Gy of gamma rays and examined for apoptotic induction at 24 h after irradiation in the brain, eyes and pharyngeal epithelium tissues, which are actively proliferating and sensitive to irradiation. Embryos irradiated at 3 dpf exhibited many apoptotic cells in these tissues, and all of them died due to severe malformations. In contrast, embryos irradiated at 5 dpf showed no apoptotic cells and subsequently hatched without apparent malformations. Embryos irradiated at 4 dpf had relatively low numbers of apoptotic cells compared to those irradiated at 3 dpf, thereafter most of them died within 1 week of hatching. In adult medaka, apoptotic cells were not found in these tissues following irradiation, suggesting that apoptosis occurs during a restricted time period of medaka embryogenesis throughout the life. No apoptotic cells were found in irradiated intestinal tissue, which is known to be susceptible to radiation damage in mammals, whereas many apoptotic cells were found in proliferating spermatogonial cells in the mature testis following irradiation. Taken together, with the exception of testicular tissue, the results suggest a limited period during medaka embryogenesis in which irradiation-induced apoptosis can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yasuda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuta Ishikawa
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noriko Shioya
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazusa Itoh
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kamahori
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kento Nagata
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Takano
- Section of Biostructural Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoji Oda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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