1
|
Long Y, Zeng J, Yang M, Zhou X, Zeng M, Liu C, Tong Q, Zhou R, Liu X. Comparative transcriptome analysis to reveal key ethylene genes involved in a Lonicera macranthoides mutant. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:437-450. [PMID: 36694039 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz. is an important medicinal plant. Xianglei-type (XL) L. macranthoides was formed after many years of cultivation by researchers on the basis of the natural mutant. The corolla of L. macranthoides XL remains unexpanded and its flowering period is nearly three times longer than that of wild-type (WT) plants. However, the molecular mechanism behind this desirable trait remains a mystery. OBJECTIVE To understand the floral phenotype differences between L. macranthoides and L. macranthoides XL at the molecular level. METHODS Transcriptome analysis was performed on L. macranthoides XL and WT. One DEG was cloned by RT-PCR amplification and selected for qRT-PCR analysis. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis showed that there were 5603 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in XL vs. WT. Enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that pathways related to plant hormone signal transduction were significantly enriched. We identified 23 key genes in ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways. The most abundant were the ethylene biosynthesis DEGs. In addition, the open reading frames (ORFs) of WT and XL ETR2 were successfully cloned and named LM-ETR2 (GenBank: MW334978) and LM-XL-ETR2 (GenBank: MW334978), respectively. qRT-PCR at different flowering stages suggesting that ETR2 acts in the whole stage of flower development of WT and XL. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insight into the molecular mechanism that regulates the development of special traits in the flowers of L. macranthoides XL. The plant hormone ethylene plays an important role in flower development and flowering duration prolongation in L. macranthoides. The ethylene synthesis gene could be more responsible for the flower phenotype of XL. The genes identified here can be used for breeding and improvement of other flowering plants after functional verification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YuQing Long
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Juan Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - XinRu Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Mei Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - ChangYu Liu
- Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College, Zhuzhou, 412000, China
| | - QiaoZhen Tong
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - RiBao Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - XiangDan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources and Standardized Planting of Hunan Large-Scale Genuine Medicinal Materials, Changsha, 410208, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410208, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bai Y, Jiang L, Li Z, Liu S, Hu X, Gao F. Flavonoid Metabolism in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg Based on Metabolome Analysis and Transcriptome Sequencing. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010083. [PMID: 36615276 PMCID: PMC9821845 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg, known as a "plant antibiotic", possesses several attractive properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant effects, with its efficacy being attributed to flavonoids. However, the flavonoid biosynthesis of T. hemsleyanum has rarely been studied. In this study, we investigated the flavonoid metabolism of T. hemsleyanum through metabolome analysis and transcriptome sequencing. The metabolomic results showed differences in the flavonoids of the leaves and root tubers of T. hemsleyanum. A total of 22 flavonoids was detected, and the concentrations of most flavonoids in the leaves were higher than those in the root tubers. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the leaves and root tubers were enriched in photosynthesis-antenna proteins. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the expression levels of chalcone isomerase (CHI) and UDP-glycose flavonoid glycosyltransferase (UFGT) were highly correlated with the concentrations of most flavonoids. Further, this study found that the photosynthesis-antenna proteins essentially contributed to the difference in the flavonoids in T. hemsleyanum. The gene expressions and concentrations of the total flavonoids of leaves and root tubers in Hangzhou, Jinhua, Lishui, and Taizhou in Zhejiang Province, China, showed that CHI (CL6715.Contig1_All, Unigene19431_All, CL921.Contig4_All) and UFGT (CL11556.Contig3_All, CL11775.Contig1_All) were the potential key genes of accumulation of most flavonoids in T. hemsleyanum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Food and Health, Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Lingtai Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Food and Health, Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Food and Health, Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shouzan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Botanical Garden, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Food and Health, Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 311300, China
- College of Food and Health, Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (F.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei HT, Hou D, Ashraf MF, Lu HW, Zhuo J, Pei JL, Qian QX. Metabolic Profiling and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Key Role of Flavonoids in Internode Coloration of Phyllostachys violascens cv. Viridisulcata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:788895. [PMID: 35154183 PMCID: PMC8832037 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.788895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo, being an ornamental plant, has myriad aesthetic and economic significance. Particularly, Phyllostachys violascens cv. Viridisulcata contains an internode color phenotype in variation in green and yellow color between the sulcus and culm, respectively. This color variation is unique, but the underlying regulatory mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we used metabolomic and transcriptomic strategies to reveal the underlying mechanism of variation in internode color. A total of 81 metabolites were identified, and among those, prunin as a flavanone and rhoifolin as a flavone were discovered at a high level in the culm. We also found 424 differentially expressed genes and investigated three genes (PvGL, PvUF7GT, and PvC12RT1) that might be involved in prunin or rhoifolin biosynthesis. Their validation by qRT-PCR confirmed high transcript levels in the culm. The results revealed that PvGL, PvUF7GT, and PvC12RT1 might promote the accumulation of prunin and rhoifolin which were responsible for the variation in internode color of P. violascens. Our study also provides a glimpse into phenotypic coloration and is also a valuable resource for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-tian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’An, China
| | - Dan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’An, China
| | - Muhammad Furqan Ashraf
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’An, China
| | - Hai-Wen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’An, China
| | - Juan Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’An, China
| | - Jia-long Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’An, China
| | - Qi-xia Qian
- College of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’An, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Genzel F, Dicke MD, Junker-Frohn LV, Neuwohner A, Thiele B, Putz A, Usadel B, Wormit A, Wiese-Klinkenberg A. Impact of Moderate Cold and Salt Stress on the Accumulation of Antioxidant Flavonoids in the Leaves of Two Capsicum Cultivars. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6431-6443. [PMID: 34081868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The horticultural production of bell peppers generates large quantities of residual biomass. Abiotic stress stimulates the production of protective flavonoids, so the deliberate application of stress to the plants after fruit harvest could provide a strategy to valorize horticultural residuals by increasing flavonoid concentrations, facilitating their industrial extraction. Here we exposed two Capsicum cultivars, a chilli and a bell pepper, to cold and salt stress and combinations thereof to determine their valorization potential. Noninvasive image-based phenotyping and multiparametric fluorescence measurements indicated that all stress treatments inhibited plant growth and reduced the leaf chlorophyll fluorescence index, with the chilli cultivar showing greater sensitivity. The fluorescence-based FLAV index allowed the noninvasive assessment of foliar luteolin glycosides. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis showed that moderate cold increased the levels of two foliar antioxidant luteolin glycosides in both cultivars, with bell pepper containing the highest amounts (induced to maximum 5.5 mg g-1 DW cynaroside and 37.0 mg g-1 DW graveobioside A) after combined stress treatment. These data confirm the potential of abiotic stress for the valorization of residual leaf biomass to enhance the industrial extraction of antioxidant and bioactive flavonoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Genzel
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Max Daniel Dicke
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Laura Verena Junker-Frohn
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andrea Neuwohner
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Thiele
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander Putz
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Bioinformatics (IBG-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wormit
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Biology I-Botany, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anika Wiese-Klinkenberg
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Bioinformatics (IBG-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cao Z, Wu P, Gao H, Xia N, Jiang Y, Tang N, Liu G, Chen Z. Transcriptome-wide characterization of the WRKY family genes in Lonicera macranthoides and the role of LmWRKY16 in plant senescence. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:219-235. [PMID: 34110609 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lonicera macranthoides is an important woody plant with high medicinal values widely cultivated in southern China. WRKY, one of the largest transcription factor families, participates in plant development, senescence, and stress responses. However, a comprehensive study of the WRKY family in L. macranthoides hasn't been reported previously. OBJECTIVE To establish an extensive overview of the WRKY family in L. macranthoides and identify senescence-responsive members of LmWRKYs. METHODS RNA-Seq and phylogenetic analysis were employed to identify the LmWRKYs and their evolutionary relationships. Quantitative real-time (qRT-PCR) and transgenic technology was utilized to investigate the roles of LmWRKYs in response to developmental-, cold-, and ethylene-induced senescence. RESULTS A total of 61 LmWRKY genes with a highly conserved motif WRKYGQK were identified. Phylogenetic analysis of LmWRKYs together with their orthologs from Arabidopsis classified them into three groups, with the number of 15, 39, and 7, respectively. 17 LmWRKYs were identified to be differentially expressed between young and aging leaves by RNA-Seq. Further qRT-PCR analysis showed 15 and 5 LmWRKY genes were significantly induced responding to tissue senescence in leaves and stems, respectively. What's more, five LmWRKYs, including LmWRKY4, LmWRKY5, LmWRKY6, LmWRKY11, and LmWRKY16 were dramatically upregulated under cold and ethylene treatment in both leaves and stems, indicating their involvements commonly in developmental- and stress-induced senescence. In addition, function analysis revealed LmWRKY16, a homolog of AtWRKY75, can accelerate plant senescence, as evidenced by leaf yellowing during reproductive growth in LmWRKY16-overexpressing tobaccos. CONCLUSION The results lay the foundation for molecular characterization of LmWRKYs in plant senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Cao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.,College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Peiyin Wu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.,College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Ning Xia
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Ning Tang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing, 400000, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400000, China.
| | - Guohua Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Zexiong Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Chongqing, 400000, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hussain A, Noman A, Arif M, Farooq S, Khan MI, Cheng P, Qari SH, Anwar M, Hashem M, Ashraf MF, Alamri S, Adnan M, Khalofah A, Al-Zoubi OM, Ansari MJ, Khan KA, Sun Y. A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor CabHLH113 positively regulate pepper immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104909. [PMID: 33964418 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pepper's (Capsicum annum) response to bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearm inoculation (RSI) and abiotic stresses is known to be synchronized by transcriptional network; however, related molecular mechanisms need extensive experimentation. We identified and characterized functions of CabHLH113 -a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor-in pepper immunity to R. solanacearum infection. The RSI and foliar spray of phytohormones, including salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), ethylene (ETH), and absicic acid (ABA) induced transcription of CabHLH113 in pepper. Loss of function of CabHLH113 by virus-induced-gene-silencing (VIGS) compromised defense of pepper plants against RSI and suppressed relative expression levels of immunity-associated marker genes, i.e., CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1, CaHIR1 and CaABR1. Pathogen growth was significantly increased after loss of function of CabHLH113 compared with un-silenced plants with remarkable increase in pepper susceptibility. Besides, transiently over-expression of CabHLH113 induced HR-like cell death, H2O2 accumulation and up-regulation of defense-associated marker genes, e.g. CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1, CaHIR1 and CaABR1. Additionally, transient over-expression of CabHLH113 enhanced the transcriptional levels of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY27 and CaWRKY40. Conversely, transient over-expression of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY27 and CaWRKY40 enhanced the transcriptional levels of CabHLH113. Collectively, our results indicate that newly characterized CabHLH113 has novel defense functions in pepper immunity against RSI via triggering HR-like cell death and cellular levels of defense linked genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Hussain
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China; Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Plant Protection, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ifnan Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ping Cheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Sameer H Qari
- Biology Department, Aljumum University College, Umm Al - Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Assiut University, Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Furqan Ashraf
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Saad Alamri
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahlam Khalofah
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (MJP Rohilkhand University Bareilly), 244001, India
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yunhao Sun
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao Z, Zhang JW, Lu SH, Zhang H, Liu F, Fu B, Zhao MQ, Liu H. Transcriptome divergence between developmental senescence and premature senescence in Nicotiana tabacum L. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20556. [PMID: 33239739 PMCID: PMC7688636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a degenerative process triggered by intricate and coordinated regulatory networks, and the mechanisms of age-dependent senescence and stress-induced premature senescence still remain largely elusive. Thus we selected leaf samples of developmental senescence (DS) and premature senescence (PS) to reveal the regulatory divergence. Senescent leaves were confirmed by yellowing symptom and physiological measurement. A total of 1171 and 309 genes (DEGs) were significantly expressed respectively in the whole process of DS and PS. Up-regulated DEGs in PS were mostly related to ion transport, while the down-regulated DEGs were mainly associated with oxidoreductase activity and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. In DS, photosynthesis, precursor metabolites and energy, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, flavonoid biosynthesis were notable. Moreover, we found the vital pathways shared by DS and PS, of which the DEGs were analyzed further via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to explore the alteration responding to two types of senescence. In addition, plant hormone transduction pathway was mapped by related DEGs, suggesting that ABA and ethylene signaling played pivotal roles in formulating the distinction of DS and PS. Finally, we conducted a model containing oxidative stress and ABA signaling as two hub points, which highlighted the major difference and predicted the possible mechanism under DS and PS. This work gained new insight into molecular divergence of developmental senescence and premature senescence and would provide reference on potential mechanism initiating and motivating senescence for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhao
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wen Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hao Lu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Fu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Qin Zhao
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Effects of the Light Quality, Light Intensity, and Photoperiod on Phlorizin Accumulation in Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. is an important medicinal plant species grown in southern China, with phlorizin as its main active substance. The effects of light conditions on phlorizin biosynthesis in L. polystachyus remain unclear. Thus, we analyzed the transcriptomes of L. polystachyus plants cultivated under diverse light qualities, light intensities, and photoperiods. The light treatments resulted in 5977–8027 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were functionally annotated based on the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Genes encoding transcription factors from 89 families were differentially expressed after the light treatments, implying these transcription factors are photoresponsive. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) are the key enzymes for the accumulation of phlorizin. The transcription levels of PAL2, PAL, 4CL1 (DN121614), 4CLL7, and 4CL1 (DN102161) were positively correlated with phlorizin accumulation, suggesting that these genes are important for phlorizin biosynthesis. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to quantify the phlorizin content. Phlorizin accumulated in response to the green light treatment and following appropriate decreases in the light intensity or appropriate increases in the duration of the light exposure. The green light, 2000 lx, and 3000 lx treatments increased the PAL activity of L. polystachyus, but the regulatory effects of the light intensity treatments on PAL activity were relatively weak. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of the light-induced transcriptome of L. polystachyus. The study results may form the basis of future studies aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying phlorizin biosynthesis in L. polystachyus. Moreover, this study may be relevant for clarifying the regulatory effects of light on the abundance of bioactive components in medicinal plants.
Collapse
|
9
|
Qi X, Fang H, Chen Z, Liu Z, Yu X, Liang C. Ectopic Expression of a R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor Gene LjaMYB12 from Lonicera japonica Increases Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184494. [PMID: 31514380 PMCID: PMC6770605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonicera japonica Thunb. is a widely used medicinal plant and is rich in a variety of active ingredients. Flavonoids are one of the important components in L. japonica and their content is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of this herb. To study the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in L. japonica, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene LjaMYB12 was isolated and characterized. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that LjaMYB12 belonged to the subgroup 7, with a typical R2R3 DNA-binding domain and conserved subgroup 7 motifs. The transcriptional level of LjaMYB12 was proportional to the total flavonoid content during the development of L. japonica flowers. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that LjaMYB12 localized to the nucleus. Transactivation activity assay indicated that LjaMYB12 was a transcriptional activator. Then, ectopic expression of LjaMYB12 in Arabidopsis could increase PAL activity and flavonoid content and promote transcription of a range of flavonoid biosynthetic genes. Interestingly, the fold changes of downstream genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were significantly higher than that of the upstream genes, which suggested that LjaMYB12 may have different regulatory patterns for the upstream and downstream pathways of flavonoid biosynthesis. The results provided here will effectively facilitate the study of subgroup 7 MYBs and transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in L. japonica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwu Qi
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Hailing Fang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zequn Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xu Yu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China.
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7145, USA.
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tissue-Specific Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes for Terpenoid and Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in the Medicinal Plant Ferula assafoetida. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:807-816. [PMID: 30679248 PMCID: PMC6404600 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ferula assafoetida is a medicinal plant of the Apiaceae family that has traditionally been used for its therapeutic value. Particularly, terpenoid and phenylpropanoid metabolites, major components of the root-derived oleo-gum-resin, exhibit anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities, thus offering a resource for potential therapeutic lead compounds. However, genes and enzymes for terpenoid and coumarin-type phenylpropanoid metabolism have thus far remained uncharacterized in F. assafoetida. Comparative de novo transcriptome analysis of roots, leaves, stems, and flowers was combined with computational annotation to identify candidate genes with probable roles in terpenoid and coumarin biosynthesis. Gene network analysis showed a high abundance of predicted terpenoid- and phenylpropanoid-metabolic pathway genes in flowers. These findings offer a deeper insight into natural product biosynthesis in F. assafoetida and provide genomic resources for exploiting the medicinal potential of this rare plant.
Collapse
|
11
|
Qin S, Chen X, Li C, Wu Q, Jiang C, Yang J, Guo X, Ou C. Differential gene expressions and phytohormone changes altered Lonicera japonica quality after plant introduction. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_317_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
12
|
Lv X, Zhang M, Li X, Ye R, Wang X. Transcriptome Profiles Reveal the Crucial Roles of Auxin and Cytokinin in the "Shoot Branching" of Cremastra appendiculata. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3354. [PMID: 30373177 PMCID: PMC6275059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cremastra appendiculata has become endangered due to reproductive difficulties. Specifically, vegetative reproduction is almost its only way to reproduce, and, under natural conditions, it cannot grow branches, resulting in an extremely low reproductive coefficient (reproductive percentage). Here, we performed RNA-Seq and a differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis of the three stages of lateral bud development in C. appendiculata after decapitation-dormancy (D2), transition (TD2), and emergence (TG2)-and the annual axillary bud natural break (G1) to gain insight into the molecular regulatory network of shoot branching in this plant. Additionally, we applied the auxin transport inhibitors N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and 2,3,5-triiodibenzoic acid (TIBA) to a treated pseudobulb string of C. appendiculata to verify the conclusions obtained by the transcriptome. RNA-Seq provided a wealth of valuable information. Successive pairwise comparative transcriptome analyses revealed 5988 genes as DEGs. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) analyses of DEGs showed significant enrichments in phytohormone biosynthesis and metabolism, regulation of hormone levels, and a hormone-mediated signaling pathway. qRT-PCR validation showed a highly significant correlation (p < 0.01) with the RNA-Seq generated data. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and qRT-PCR results showed that, after decapitation, the NPA- and TIBA-induced lateral buds germinated due to rapidly decreasing auxin levels, caused by upregulation of the dioxygenase for auxin oxidation gene (DAO). Decreased auxin levels promoted the expression of isopentenyl transferase (IPT) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, family 735, subfamily A (CYP735A) genes and inhibited two carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCD7 and CCD8). Zeatin levels significantly increased after the treatments. The increased cytokinin levels promoted the expression of WUSCHEL (WUS) and inhibited expression of BRANCHED1 (BRC1) in the cytokinin signal transduction pathway and initiated lateral bud outgrowth. Our data suggest that our theories concerning the regulation of shoot branching and apical dominance is really similar to those observed in annual plants. Auxin inhibits bud outgrowth and tends to inhibit cytokinin levels. The pseudobulb in the plant behaves in a similar manner to that of a shoot above the ground.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lv
- School of Life Sciences/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xiaolan Li
- School of Life Sciences/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ruihua Ye
- School of Life Sciences/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School of Life Sciences/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|