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Zrenner R, Genzel F, Baldermann S, Guerra T, Grosch R. Does Constitutive Expression of Defense-Related Genes and Salicylic Acid Concentrations Correlate with Field Resistance of Potato to Black Scurf Disease? Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1244. [PMID: 38002368 PMCID: PMC10669363 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Black scurf disease on potato caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG3 occurs worldwide and is difficult to control. The use of potato cultivars resistant to black scurf disease could be part of an integrated control strategy. Currently, the degree of resistance is based on symptom assessment in the field, but molecular measures could provide a more efficient screening method. We hypothesized that the degree of field resistance to black scurf disease in potato cultivars is associated with defense-related gene expression levels and salicylic acid (SA) concentration. Cultivars with a moderate and severe appearance of disease symptoms on tubers were selected and cultivated in the same field. In addition, experiments were conducted under controlled conditions in an axenic in vitro culture and in a sand culture to analyze the constitutive expression of defense-related genes and SA concentration. The more resistant cultivars did not show significantly higher constitutive expression levels of defense-related genes. Moreover, the level of free SA was increased in the more resistant cultivars only in the roots of the plantlets grown in the sand culture. These results indicate that neither expression levels of defense-related genes nor the amount of SA in potato plants can be used as reliable predictors of the field resistance of potato genotypes to black scurf disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Zrenner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany; (F.G.); (T.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Franziska Genzel
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany; (F.G.); (T.G.); (R.G.)
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition & Health, University Bayreuth, Fritz-Hornschuch-Straße 13, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany;
| | - Tiziana Guerra
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany; (F.G.); (T.G.); (R.G.)
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rita Grosch
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany; (F.G.); (T.G.); (R.G.)
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Genzel F, Dicke MD, Junker-Frohn LV, Neuwohner A, Thiele B, Putz A, Usadel B, Wormit A, Wiese-Klinkenberg A. Impact of Moderate Cold and Salt Stress on the Accumulation of Antioxidant Flavonoids in the Leaves of Two Capsicum Cultivars. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:6431-6443. [PMID: 34081868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The horticultural production of bell peppers generates large quantities of residual biomass. Abiotic stress stimulates the production of protective flavonoids, so the deliberate application of stress to the plants after fruit harvest could provide a strategy to valorize horticultural residuals by increasing flavonoid concentrations, facilitating their industrial extraction. Here we exposed two Capsicum cultivars, a chilli and a bell pepper, to cold and salt stress and combinations thereof to determine their valorization potential. Noninvasive image-based phenotyping and multiparametric fluorescence measurements indicated that all stress treatments inhibited plant growth and reduced the leaf chlorophyll fluorescence index, with the chilli cultivar showing greater sensitivity. The fluorescence-based FLAV index allowed the noninvasive assessment of foliar luteolin glycosides. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis showed that moderate cold increased the levels of two foliar antioxidant luteolin glycosides in both cultivars, with bell pepper containing the highest amounts (induced to maximum 5.5 mg g-1 DW cynaroside and 37.0 mg g-1 DW graveobioside A) after combined stress treatment. These data confirm the potential of abiotic stress for the valorization of residual leaf biomass to enhance the industrial extraction of antioxidant and bioactive flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Genzel
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Max Daniel Dicke
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Laura Verena Junker-Frohn
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andrea Neuwohner
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Thiele
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander Putz
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Bioinformatics (IBG-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wormit
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Biology I-Botany, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anika Wiese-Klinkenberg
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences-Bioinformatics (IBG-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Zrenner R, Verwaaijen B, Genzel F, Flemer B, Grosch R. Transcriptional Changes in Potato Sprouts upon Interaction with Rhizoctonia solani Indicate Pathogen-Induced Interference in the Defence Pathways of Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063094. [PMID: 33803511 PMCID: PMC8002989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is the causer of black scurf disease on potatoes and is responsible for high economical losses in global agriculture. In order to increase the limited knowledge of the plants' molecular response to this pathogen, we inoculated potatoes with R. solani AG3-PT isolate Ben3 and carried out RNA sequencing with total RNA extracted from potato sprouts at three and eight days post inoculation (dpi). In this dual RNA-sequencing experiment, the necrotrophic lifestyle of R. solani AG3-PT during early phases of interaction with its host has already been characterised. Here the potato plants' comprehensive transcriptional response to inoculation with R. solani AG3 was evaluated for the first time based on significantly different expressed plant genes extracted with DESeq analysis. Overall, 1640 genes were differentially expressed, comparing control (-Rs) and with R. solani AG3-PT isolate Ben3 inoculated plants (+Rs). Genes involved in the production of anti-fungal proteins and secondary metabolites with antifungal properties were significantly up regulated upon inoculation with R. solani. Gene ontology (GO) terms involved in the regulation of hormone levels (i.e., ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA) at 3 dpi and salicylic acid (SA) and JA response pathways at 8 dpi) were significantly enriched. Contrastingly, the GO term "response to abiotic stimulus" was down regulated at both time points analysed. These results may support future breeding efforts toward the development of cultivars with higher resistance level to black scurf disease or the development of new control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Zrenner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Plant-Microbe Systems, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany; (B.V.); (F.G.); (B.F.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)33701-78-216
| | - Bart Verwaaijen
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Plant-Microbe Systems, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany; (B.V.); (F.G.); (B.F.); (R.G.)
- Faculty of Biology/Computational Biology, Bielefeld University, 26 Universitätsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Franziska Genzel
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Plant-Microbe Systems, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany; (B.V.); (F.G.); (B.F.); (R.G.)
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-2, Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Burkhardt Flemer
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Plant-Microbe Systems, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany; (B.V.); (F.G.); (B.F.); (R.G.)
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rita Grosch
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Plant-Microbe Systems, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany; (B.V.); (F.G.); (B.F.); (R.G.)
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