1
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Fefeu M, Blatzer M, Kneppers A, Briand D, Rocheteau P, Haroche A, Hardy D, Juchet-Martin M, Danckaert A, Coudoré F, Tutakhail A, Huchet C, Lafoux A, Mounier R, Mir O, Gaillard R, Chrétien F. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors improve muscle stem cell function and muscle regeneration in male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6457. [PMID: 39085209 PMCID: PMC11291725 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants such as fluoxetine are widely used to treat mood disorders. The mechanisms of action include an increase in extracellular level of serotonin, neurogenesis, and growth of vessels in the brain. We investigated whether fluoxetine could have broader peripheral regenerative properties. Following prolonged administration of fluoxetine in male mice, we showed that fluoxetine increases the number of muscle stem cells and muscle angiogenesis, associated with positive changes in skeletal muscle function. Fluoxetine also improved skeletal muscle regeneration after single and multiples injuries with an increased muscle stem cells pool and vessel density associated with reduced fibrotic lesions and inflammation. Mice devoid of peripheral serotonin treated with fluoxetine did not exhibit beneficial effects during muscle regeneration. Specifically, pharmacological, and genetic inactivation of the 5-HT1B subtype serotonin receptor also abolished the enhanced regenerative process induced by fluoxetine. We highlight here a regenerative property of serotonin on skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Fefeu
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, site Sainte Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de psychiatrie, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Global Health Department, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Michael Blatzer
- Institut Pasteur, Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Global Health Department, Paris, France
| | - Anita Kneppers
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, Inserm U1315, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Briand
- Institut Pasteur, Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Global Health Department, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Rocheteau
- Institut Pasteur, Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Global Health Department, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Haroche
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, site Sainte Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de psychiatrie, Paris, France
| | - David Hardy
- Institut Pasteur, Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Global Health Department, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Juchet-Martin
- Institut Pasteur, Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Global Health Department, Paris, France
| | | | - François Coudoré
- CESP, MOODS Team, Inserm, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Abdulkarim Tutakhail
- CESP, MOODS Team, Inserm, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Corinne Huchet
- TaRGeT, INSERM UMR 1089, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Aude Lafoux
- Therassay Platform, Capacités, Université de Nantes, IRS 2 Nantes Biotech, Nantes, France
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, Inserm U1315, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Mir
- Sarcoma Group, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Raphaël Gaillard
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, site Sainte Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de psychiatrie, Paris, France.
- Institut Pasteur, Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Global Health Department, Paris, France.
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Fabrice Chrétien
- Institut Pasteur, Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Global Health Department, Paris, France.
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, site Sainte Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de neuropathologie, Paris, France.
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2
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Sadiq A, Khumalo NP, Bayat A. Development and validation of novel keloid-derived immortalized fibroblast cell lines. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1326728. [PMID: 38915394 PMCID: PMC11194733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1326728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Keloids are a common connective tissue disorder with an ill-understood etiopathogenesis and no effective treatment. This is exacerbated because of the absence of an animal model. Patient-derived primary keloid cells are insufficient as they age through passaging and have a limited supply. Therefore, there is an unmet need for development of a cellular model that can consistently and faithfully represent keloid's pathognomic features. In view of this, we developed keloid-derived immortalized fibroblast (KDIF) cell lines from primary keloid fibroblasts (PKF) by transfecting the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene. The TERT gene encodes the catalytic subunit of the telomerase enzyme, which is responsible for maintaining the cellular replicative potential (cellular immortalization). Primary fibroblasts from keloid-specific lesional (peripheral, middle, and top) as well as extralesional sites were isolated and evaluated for cell line development and comparative cellular characteristics by employing qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Moreover, the immortalized behavior of KDIF cell lines was evaluated by comparing with cutaneous fibrosarcoma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans cell lines. Stable KDIF cell lines with elevated expression of hTERT exhibited the cellular characteristics of site-specific keloid fibroblasts. Histochemical staining for β-galactosidase revealed a significantly lower number of β-gal-positive cells in all three KDIF cell lines compared with that in PKFs. The cell growth curve pattern was studied over 10 passages for all three KDIF cell lines and was compared with the control groups. The results showed that all three KDIF cell lines grew significantly faster and obtained a fast growing characteristic as compared to primary keloid and normal fibroblasts. Phenotypic behavior in growth potential is an indication of hTERT-mediated immortalized transformation. Cell migration analysis revealed that the top and middle KDIF cell lines exhibited similar migration trend as site-specific PKFs. Notably, peripheral KDIF cell line showed significantly enhanced cell migration in comparison to the primary peripheral fibroblasts. All KDIF cell lines expressed Collagen I protein as a keloid-associated fibrotic marker. Functional testing with triamcinolone inhibited cell migration in KDIF. ATCC short tandem repeat profiling validated the KDIF as keloid representative cell line. In summary, we provide the first novel KDIF cell lines. These cell lines overcome the limitations related to primary cell passaging and tissue supply due to immortalized features and present an accessible and consistent experimental model for keloid research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ardeshir Bayat
- MRC Wound Healing and Keloid Research Unit, Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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3
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Sadiq A, Fert-Bober J. DCM-Spheroid Morphs Express PADs and Citrullinated Cytoskeletal Proteins. J Histochem Cytochem 2024; 72:387-397. [PMID: 38752478 PMCID: PMC11179590 DOI: 10.1369/00221554241252862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
During investigating the role of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), we observed unique spheroid formation in DCM-myofibroblasts that distinguished them from normal cardiac myofibroblasts. The present study aimed to assess the presence of PADs, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and citrullination in DCM spheroids using immunofluorescence staining and imaging techniques. The results revealed that spheroids derived from DCM-myofibroblasts displayed a more distinctive, tightly packed structure compared with those derived from human cardiac fibroblasts. DCM spheroids showed abundant protein expression of the PAD 2, 3, and 4 enzymes. Notably, increased Ki67 protein expression was associated with increased proliferation in DCM spheroids. Cytoskeletal proteins such as Col-1A, vimentin, α-SMA, and F-actin were highly abundant in DCM spheroids. Furthermore, DCM spheroids contained citrullinated cytoskeletal proteins, mainly citrullinated vimentin and citrullinated fibronectin. These observations supported the occurrence of PAD-mediated citrullination of ECM proteins in DCM spheroids. Collectively, these findings describe the distinctive features of DCM spheroids, representing the cellular characteristics of DCM myofibroblasts. Therefore, DCM spheroids can serve as an in vitro model for further investigations of disease morphology and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Sadiq
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Smidt Heart Institute
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Smidt Heart Institute
- Precision Biomarker Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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4
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Asefifeyzabadi N, Nguyen T, Li H, Zhu K, Yang HY, Baniya P, Medina Lopez A, Gallegos A, Hsieh HC, Dechiraju H, Hernandez C, Schorger K, Recendez C, Tebyani M, Selberg J, Luo L, Muzzy E, Hsieh C, Barbee A, Orozco J, Alhamo MA, Levin M, Aslankoohi E, Gomez M, Zhao M, Teodorescu M, Isseroff RR, Rolandi M. A pro-reparative bioelectronic device for controlled delivery of ions and biomolecules. Wound Repair Regen 2024. [PMID: 38794912 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex physiological process that requires precise control and modulation of many parameters. Therapeutic ion and biomolecule delivery has the capability to regulate the wound healing process beneficially. However, achieving controlled delivery through a compact device with the ability to deliver multiple therapeutic species can be a challenge. Bioelectronic devices have emerged as a promising approach for therapeutic delivery. Here, we present a pro-reparative bioelectronic device designed to deliver ions and biomolecules for wound healing applications. The device incorporates ion pumps for the targeted delivery of H+ and zolmitriptan to the wound site. In vivo studies using a mouse model further validated the device's potential for modulating the wound environment via H+ delivery that decreased M1/M2 macrophage ratios. Overall, this bioelectronic ion pump demonstrates potential for accelerating wound healing via targeted and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents to wounds. Continued optimization and development of this device could not only lead to significant advancements in tissue repair and wound healing strategies but also reveal new physiological information about the dynamic wound environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Asefifeyzabadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Tiffany Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Houpu Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Kan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hsin-Ya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Prabhat Baniya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Andrea Medina Lopez
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anthony Gallegos
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hao-Chieh Hsieh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Harika Dechiraju
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Cristian Hernandez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Kaelan Schorger
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Recendez
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Maryam Tebyani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - John Selberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Le Luo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Elana Muzzy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Cathleen Hsieh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, California, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Alexie Barbee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Orozco
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Department of Economics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Moyasar A Alhamo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elham Aslankoohi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Marcella Gomez
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Roslyn Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Dermatology Section, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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5
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Zhang S, Yang W, Gong W, Lu Y, Yu DG, Liu P. Recent progress of electrospun nanofibers as burning dressings. RSC Adv 2024; 14:14374-14391. [PMID: 38694552 PMCID: PMC11061782 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01514b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Burns are a global public health problem, which brings great challenges to public health and the economy. Severe burns often lead to systemic infection, shock, multiple organ failure, and even death. With the increasing demand for the therapeutic effect of burn wounds, traditional dressings have been unable to meet people's needs due to their single function and many side effects. In this context, electrospinning shows a great prospect on the way to open up advanced wound dressings that promote wound repairing and prevent infection. With its large specific surface area, high porosity, and similar to natural extracellular matrix (ECM), electrospun nanofibers can load drugs and accelerate wound healing. It provides a promising solution for the treatment and management of burn wounds. This review article introduces the concept of burn and the types of electrospun nanofibers, then summarizes the polymers used in electrospun nanofiber dressings. Finally, the drugs (plant extracts, small molecule drugs and nanoparticles) loaded with electrospun burn dressings are summarized. Some promising aspects for developing commercial electrospun burn dressings are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Wei Yang
- The Base of Achievement Transformation, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200443 China
| | - Wenjian Gong
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Yuhang Lu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Deng-Guang Yu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Ping Liu
- The Base of Achievement Transformation, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200443 China
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6
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Panayi AC, Heyland DK, Stoppe C, Jeschke MG, Didzun O, Matar D, Tapking C, Palackic A, Bliesener B, Harhaus L, Knoedler S, Haug V, Bigdeli AK, Kneser U, Orgill DP, Hundeshagen G. The long-term intercorrelation between post-burn pain, anxiety, and depression: a post hoc analysis of the "RE-ENERGIZE" double-blind, randomized, multicenter placebo-controlled trial. Crit Care 2024; 28:95. [PMID: 38519972 PMCID: PMC10958907 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the growing prevalence of burn survivors, a gap persists in our understanding of the correlation between acute burn trauma and the long-term impact on psychosocial health. This study set out to investigate the prevalence of long-term pain and symptoms of anxiety and depression in survivors of extensive burns, comparing this to the general population, and identify injury and demographic-related factors predisposing individuals to psychosocial compromise. METHODS RE-ENERGIZE was an international, double-blinded, randomized-controlled trial that enrolled 1200 patients with partial- or full-thickness burns that required surgical treatment. For the post hoc analysis, we excluded participants who did not complete the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. Normative data were taken from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey dataset. Propensity score matching was performed using the nearest-neighbor 1-to-1 method, and the two cohorts were compared in terms of chronic pain, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. A multivariable analysis was performed on the burns cohort to identify factors predicting post-discharge pain and symptoms of anxiety and depression. RESULTS A total of 600 burn patients and 26,666 general population adults were included in this study. Following propensity score matching, both groups comprised 478 participants each, who were predominately male, white, overweight and between 20 and 60 years old. Compared to the general population, burn patients were significantly more likely to report the presence of moderate and a lot of pain (p = 0.002). Symptoms of anxiety were significantly higher in the burn population in two of four levels (most of the time; some of the time; p < 0.0001 for both). Responders in the burn population were significantly less likely to report the absence of depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001). Burn patients were also significantly more likely to report that their mental health affects their social life. TBSA, history of depression, and female sex were identified as independently associated factors for pain, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The presence of chronic pain and anxiety symptoms independently predicted for symptoms of depression. CONCLUSIONS Analyzing the largest multicenter cohort of patients with extensive burns, we find that burn injury is associated with chronic pain, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. In addition, TBSA-burned and history of depression directly correlate with the prevalence of chronic pain, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Finally, pain, and symptoms of anxiety and depression are interrelated and may have interactive effects on the process of recovery following burn injury. Burn patients would, therefore, benefit from a multidisciplinary team approach with early mobilization of pain and mental health experts, in order to promptly prevent the development of psychosocial challenges and their consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Panayi
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen/Rhine, Germany
| | - Daren K Heyland
- Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital, Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Hamilton Health Sciences Research, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Oliver Didzun
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen/Rhine, Germany
| | - Dany Matar
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian Tapking
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen/Rhine, Germany
| | - Alen Palackic
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen/Rhine, Germany
| | - Björn Bliesener
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen/Rhine, Germany
| | - Leila Harhaus
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen/Rhine, Germany
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valentin Haug
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen/Rhine, Germany
| | - Amir K Bigdeli
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen/Rhine, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen/Rhine, Germany
| | - Dennis P Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women'S Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Hundeshagen
- Department of Hand-, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Straße 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen/Rhine, Germany.
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7
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Noble A, Qubrosi R, Cariba S, Favaro K, Payne SL. Neural dependency in wound healing and regeneration. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:181-203. [PMID: 37638700 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to injury, humans and many other mammals form a fibrous scar that lacks the structure and function of the original tissue, whereas other vertebrate species can spontaneously regenerate damaged tissues and structures. Peripheral nerves have been identified as essential mediators of wound healing and regeneration in both mammalian and nonmammalian systems, interacting with the milieu of cells and biochemical signals present in the post-injury microenvironment. This review examines the diverse functions of peripheral nerves in tissue repair and regeneration, specifically during the processes of wound healing, blastema formation, and organ repair. We compare available evidence in mammalian and nonmammalian models, identifying critical nerve-mediated mechanisms for regeneration and providing future perspectives toward integrating these mechanisms into a therapeutic framework to promote regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Noble
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rozana Qubrosi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Solsa Cariba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kayla Favaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha L Payne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Huang Y, Zhu Q, Zhu Y, Valencak TG, Han Y, Ren T, Guo C, Ren D. Rapid UV Photo-Cross-Linking of α-Lactalbumin Hydrogel Biomaterial To Enable Wound Healing. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:401-412. [PMID: 38222502 PMCID: PMC10785314 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Although both the function and biocompatibility of protein-based biomaterials are better than those of synthetic materials, their usage as medical material is currently limited by their high costs, low yield, and low batch-to-batch reproducibility. In this article, we show how α-lactalbumin (α-LA), rich in tryptophan, was used to produce a novel type of naturally occurring, protein-based biomaterial suitable for wound dressing. To create a photo-cross-linkable polymer, α-LA was methacrylated at a 100-g batch scale with >95% conversion and 90% yield. α-LAMA was further processed using photo-cross-linking-based advanced processing techniques such as microfluidics and 3D printing to create injectable hydrogels, monodispersed microspheres, and patterned scaffolds. The obtained α-LAMA hydrogels show promising biocompatibility and degradability during in vivo testing. Additionally, the α-LAMA hydrogel can accelerate post-traumatic wound healing and promote new tissue regeneration. In conclusion, cheap and safe α-LAMA-based biomaterials could be produced, and they have a beneficial effect on wound healing. As a result, there may arise a potential partnership between the dairy industry and the development of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Huang
- Institute
of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qinchao Zhu
- Institute
of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Teresa G. Valencak
- Institute
of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ying Han
- The
State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School
of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tanchen Ren
- Department
of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province,
Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chengchen Guo
- School
of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Daxi Ren
- Institute
of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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9
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Si L, Guo X, Bera H, Chen Y, Xiu F, Liu P, Zhao C, Abbasi YF, Tang X, Foderà V, Cun D, Yang M. Unleashing the healing potential: Exploring next-generation regenerative protein nanoscaffolds for burn wound recovery. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100856. [PMID: 38204470 PMCID: PMC10777420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Burn injury is a serious public health problem and scientists are continuously aiming to develop promising biomimetic dressings for effective burn wound management. In this study, a greater efficacy in burn wound healing and the associated mechanisms of α-lactalbumin (ALA) based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds (ENs) as compared to other regenerative protein scaffolds were established. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), collagen type I (COL), lysozyme (LZM) and ALA were separately blended with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) to fabricate four different composite ENs (LZM/PCL, BSA/PCL, COL/PCL and ALA/PCL ENs). The hydrophilic composite scaffolds exhibited an enhanced wettability and variable mechanical properties. The ALA/PCL ENs demonstrated higher levels of fibroblast proliferation and adhesion than the other composite ENs. As compared to PCL ENs and other composite scaffolds, the ALA/PCL ENs also promoted a better maturity of the regenerative skin tissues and showed a comparable wound healing effect to Collagen spongeⓇ on third-degree burn model. The enhanced wound healing activity of ALA/PCL ENs compared to other ENs could be attributed to their ability to promote serotonin production at wound sites. Collectively, this investigation demonstrated that ALA is a unique protein with a greater potential for burn wound healing as compared to other regenerative proteins when loaded in the nanofibrous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwei Si
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang l10016, China
| | - Xiong Guo
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang l10016, China
| | - Hriday Bera
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang l10016, China
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, 713206, India
| | - Yang Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang l10016, China
| | - Fangfang Xiu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang l10016, China
| | - Peixin Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang l10016, China
| | - Chunwei Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang l10016, China
| | - Yasir Faraz Abbasi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang l10016, China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Vito Foderà
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang l10016, China
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang l10016, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
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10
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Kawamura Y, Oka K, Semba T, Takamori M, Sugiura Y, Yamasaki R, Suzuki Y, Chujo T, Nagase M, Oiwa Y, Fujioka S, Homma S, Yamamura Y, Miyawaki S, Narita M, Fukuda T, Sakai Y, Ishimoto T, Tomizawa K, Suematsu M, Yamamoto T, Bono H, Okano H, Miura K. Cellular senescence induction leads to progressive cell death via the INK4a-RB pathway in naked mole-rats. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111133. [PMID: 37431790 PMCID: PMC10425838 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (NMRs) have exceptional longevity and are resistant to age-related physiological decline and diseases. Given the role of cellular senescence in aging, we postulated that NMRs possess unidentified species-specific mechanisms to prevent senescent cell accumulation. Here, we show that upon induction of cellular senescence, NMR fibroblasts underwent delayed and progressive cell death that required activation of the INK4a-retinoblastoma protein (RB) pathway (termed "INK4a-RB cell death"), a phenomenon not observed in mouse fibroblasts. Naked mole-rat fibroblasts uniquely accumulated serotonin and were inherently vulnerable to hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). After activation of the INK4a-RB pathway, NMR fibroblasts increased monoamine oxidase levels, leading to serotonin oxidization and H2 O2 production, which resulted in increased intracellular oxidative damage and cell death activation. In the NMR lung, induction of cellular senescence caused delayed, progressive cell death mediated by monoamine oxidase activation, thereby preventing senescent cell accumulation, consistent with in vitro results. The present findings indicate that INK4a-RB cell death likely functions as a natural senolytic mechanism in NMRs, providing an evolutionary rationale for senescent cell removal as a strategy to resist aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Kawamura
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kaori Oka
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Takashi Semba
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Mayuko Takamori
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of BiochemistryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Riyo Yamasaki
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Takeshi Chujo
- Department of Molecular PhysiologyKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Mari Nagase
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yuki Oiwa
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of Chemical BiologyNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Shusuke Fujioka
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Sayuri Homma
- Department of PharmacologyHoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Yamamura
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Shingo Miyawaki
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Minoru Narita
- Department of PharmacologyHoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTokyoJapan
- Division of Cancer PathophysiologyNational Cancer Center Research Institute (NCCRI)TokyoJapan
| | - Takaichi Fukuda
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Department of PathologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular PhysiologyKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy AgingKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of BiochemistryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- WPI‐Bio2Q Research CenterCentral Institute for Experimental AnimalsKawasakiJapan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi), Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Medical‐risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells TeamRIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP)KyotoJapan
| | - Hidemasa Bono
- Laboratory of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima UniversityHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
- Laboratory of BioDX, PtBio Collaborative Research Laboratory, Genome Editing Innovation CenterHiroshima UniversityHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kyoko Miura
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy AgingKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
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11
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Hu L, Zhou J, He Z, Zhang L, Du F, Nie M, Zhou Y, Hao H, Zhang L, Yu S, Zhang J, Chen Y. In Situ-Formed Fibrin Hydrogel Scaffold Loaded With Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Skin Wound Healing. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231156215. [PMID: 36840468 PMCID: PMC9969468 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231156215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Healing of full-thickness skin wounds remains a major challenge. Recently, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) were shown to possess an extraordinary potential to promote skin repair in clinical settings. However, their low survival rate after transplantation limits their therapeutic efficiency in treating full-thickness skin wounds. Hydrogels are considered an ideal cell transplantation vector owing to their three-dimensional mesh structure, good biosafety, and biodegradation. The objective of this study was to investigate the skin wound healing effect of a fibrin hydrogel scaffold loaded with hUC-MSCs. We found that the fibrin hydrogel had a three-dimensional mesh structure and low cytotoxicity and could prolong the time of cell survival in the peri-wound area. The number of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled hUC-MSCs was higher in the full-thickness skin wound of mice treated with hydrogel-hUC-MSCs than those of mice treated with cell monotherapy. In addition, the combination therapy between the hydrogel and hUC-MSCs speed up wound closure, its wound healing rate was significantly higher than those of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) therapy, hydrogel monotherapy, and hUC-MSCs monotherapy. Furthermore, the results showed that the combination therapy between hydrogel and hUC-MSCs increased keratin 10 and keratin 14 immunofluorescence staining, and upregulated the relative gene expressions of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), promoting epithelial regeneration and angiogenesis. In conclusion, the fibrin hydrogel scaffold provides a relatively stable sterile environment for cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration, and prolongs cell survival at the wound site. The hydrogel-hUC-MSCs combination therapy promotes wound closure, re-epithelialization, and neovascularization. It exhibits a remarkable therapeutic effect, being more effective than the monotherapy with hUC-MSCs or hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvzhong Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhisong He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fangzhou Du
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical
Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengting Nie
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical
Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- School of Life Science and Technology,
Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hang Hao
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical
Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Lixing Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical
Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical
Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Engineering and
Technology Affiliated to SIBET, Zhengzhou, China
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou,
China
| | - Jingzhong Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical
Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Engineering and
Technology Affiliated to SIBET, Zhengzhou, China
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou,
China
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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12
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Fang D, Chen B, Lescoat A, Khanna D, Mu R. Immune cell dysregulation as a mediator of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:683-693. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Ge C, Yan J, Yuan X, Xu G. A positive feedback loop between tryptophan hydroxylase 1 and β-Catenin/ZBP-89 signaling promotes prostate cancer progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:923307. [PMID: 36172162 PMCID: PMC9510627 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.923307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in tryptophan (Trp) metabolism facilitate the continuous modulation of tumor progression, including tumor growth, distant metastasis, and chemoresistance development. Although there is a high correlation between Trp metabolism and tumor progression, it is unknown whether and how Trp metabolism affects the development of prostate cancer. In this study, we reported that the overexpression of Trp hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) caused the upregulation of Trp hydroxylation and mediated the production of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), contributing to tumor growth and poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer. An increase in 5-HT levels triggered the activation of the Axin 1/β-catenin signaling pathway, thus enhancing cell proliferation and migration. Consequently, β-catenin cooperated with the Krüppel-type zinc finger family transcription factor ZBP-89 to upregulate TPH1 expression, further promoting Trp hydroxylation and forming the TPH1/5-HT/β-catenin/ZBP-89/THP1 positive feedback signaling loop. Interruption of the signaling loop by the THP1 inhibitor 4-chloro-dl-phenylalanine (PCPA) significantly improved anticancer effects and suppressed lung metastasis in prostate cancer–bearing mice. Our findings revealed a mechanism by which TPH1 promotes prostate cancer growth by inducing Trp hydroxylation and identified a novel THP1 target for an innovative prostate cancer therapeutic strategy.
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14
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Gupta D, Kaushik D, Mohan V. Role of neurotransmitters in the regulation of cutaneous wound healing. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:1649-1659. [PMID: 35488904 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a highly coordinated and dynamic process of tissue repair after injury. The global burden of disease associated with wounds, both acute and chronic, is a significantly rising health concern. Upon skin wounding, neurons have the ability to sense the disruption to mediate the release of neurotransmitters into the wound microenvironment. Serotonin that has long been recognised as a potential vasoconstrictor is now also being contemplated to play a role in re-epithelialisation of wounds. While the role of neuropeptides in stimulating diabetic wound healing is being increasingly emphasised, on the other hand, dopamine is being widely studied for its dual role in mediating both pro- and antiangiogenic effects at the site of the wounds. Similarly, epinephrine levels that are known to be elevated during stress is now recognised as a contributing factor towards delayed wound closure, thereby serving as an inhibitor of wound healing. Thus, each neurotransmitter regulates wound repair and their active regeneration in a typical way. Strengthening our understanding of the molecular pathways via which the neurotransmitter modulates the immune system to control wound healing can yield potential therapeutic measures. Further investigations regarding the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of these processes are a prerequisite for their possible translation into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, Neurosciences, Gurugram University, Sector-51, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Dhirender Kaushik
- Department of Life Sciences, Neurosciences, Gurugram University, Sector-51, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Vandana Mohan
- Department of Life Sciences, Neurosciences, Gurugram University, Sector-51, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
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15
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Hermosilla J, Pastene-Navarrete E, Acevedo F. Electrospun Fibers Loaded with Natural Bioactive Compounds as a Biomedical System for Skin Burn Treatment. A Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2054. [PMID: 34959336 PMCID: PMC8707873 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Burns are a major threat to public health and the economy due to their costly and laborious treatment and high susceptibility to infection. Efforts have been made recently to investigate natural bioactive compounds with potential use in wound healing. The importance lies in the capacities that these compounds could possess both in infection control by common and resistant microorganisms, as well as in the regeneration of the affected tissues, having in both cases low adverse effects. However, some bioactive molecules are chemically unstable, poorly soluble, and susceptible to oxidative degradation or have low bioavailability. Therefore, developing new technologies for an efficient treatment of wound healing poses a real challenge. In this context, electrospun nanofibers have gained increasing research interest because bioactive molecules can be easily loaded within the nanofiber, resulting in optimal burst control and enhanced drug stability. Additionally, the nanofibers can mimic the extracellular collagen matrix, providing a suitable highly porous structural support for growing cells that facilitate and accelerate skin burns healing. This review gives an overview of the current state of electrospun fibers loaded with natural bioactive compounds as a biomedical system for skin burn treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyson Hermosilla
- Doctoral Program in Sciences of Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3800708, Chile;
| | - Edgar Pastene-Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3800708, Chile;
| | - Francisca Acevedo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Center of Excellence in Traslational Medicine (CEMT), Faculty of Medicine, and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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16
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John Jayakumar JAK, Panicker MM. The roles of serotonin in cell adhesion and migration, and cytoskeletal remodeling. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 15:261-271. [PMID: 34494935 PMCID: PMC8437456 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2021.1963574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is well known as a neurotransmitter. Its roles in neuronal processes such as learning, memory or cognition are well established, and also in disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and dementia. However, its effects on adhesion and cytoskeletal remodelling which are strongly affected by 5-HT receptors, are not as well studied with some exceptions for e.g. platelet aggregation. Neuronal function is strongly dependent on cell-cell contacts and adhesion-related processes. Therefore the role played by serotonin in psychiatric illness, as well as in the positive and negative effects of neuropsychiatric drugs through cell-related adhesion can be of great significance. In this review, we explore the role of serotonin in some of these aspects based on recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Anand Kumar John Jayakumar
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mitradas M. Panicker
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
- Present Address - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
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17
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Božič D, Vozel D, Hočevar M, Jeran M, Jan Z, Pajnič M, Pađen L, Iglič A, Battelino S, Kralj-Iglič V. Enrichment of plasma in platelets and extracellular vesicles by the counterflow to erythrocyte settling. Platelets 2021; 33:592-602. [PMID: 34384320 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1961716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to prepare optimal platelet and extracellular vesicle (EV)-rich plasma for the treatment of chronic temporal bone inflammation, we studied effects of centrifugation parameters on redistribution of blood constituents in blood samples of 23 patients and 20 volunteers with no record of disease. Concentrations of blood cells and EVs were measured by flow cytometry. Sample content was inspected by scanning electron microscopy. A mathematical model was constructed to interpret the experimental results. The observed enrichment of plasma in platelets and EVs after a single spin of blood depended on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, thereby indicating the presence of a flow of plasma that carried platelets and EVs in the direction opposite to settling of erythrocytes. Prolonged handling time correlated with the decrease of concentration of platelets and larger EVs in platelet and EV-rich plasma (PVRP), R = -0.538, p = 0.003, indicating cell fragmentation during the processing of samples. In further centrifugation of the obtained plasma, platelet and EV enrichment depended on the average distance of the sample from the centrifuge rotor axis. Based on the agreement of the model predictions with observations, we propose the centrifugation protocol optimal for platelet and EV enrichment and recovery in an individual sample, adjusted to the dimensions of the centrifuge rotor, volume of blood and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Božič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Physics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Domen Vozel
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Hočevar
- Department of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Institute of Metals and Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Jeran
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Physics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zala Jan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manca Pajnič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ljubiša Pađen
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Iglič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Physics, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Orthopedics, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saba Battelino
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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18
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Osikov MV, Ageeva AA, Fedosov AA, Ushakova VA. Role of mast cells in skin regeneration after thermal burn treated with melatonin-enriched dermal film. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2021.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel local therapies for thermal burns (TB) and their pathogenetic rationale are a pressing challenge. Melatonin (MT) is an endogenous factor of hemostasis regulation with pleiotropic potential. The aim of this study was to assess some parameters of tissue regeneration, the functional state of mast cells and the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the experimentally induced TB treated with the original MT-enriched dermal film (DF). A second-degree burn (3.5% of the total body surface area) was modelled by exposing a patch of skin to hot water. Applications of 12 cm2 DF enriched with 5 mg/g MT were performed every day for 5 days. The following parameters were calculated: the wound area, the rate of wound epithelization, the number of MC in the wound, the intensity of degranulation, and the levels of MMP-9 and VEGF expression. Over the course of treatment, the absolute wound area shrank by 35%, its epithelization rate increased, the number of MC rose, their functional state changed, and the expression of ММР-9 and VEGF increased. A negative correlation was established between the wound area and the expression of ММР-9 and VEGF, as well as between the wound area and the degranulation coefficient. Applications of MT-enriched DF resulted in the reduction of the wound area, higher epithelization rate, an increase in the total MC count and degranulation intensity on days 5 and 10; it also led to a reduction in the total MC count and a loss in degranulation intensity on day 20 (166.87 (154.95; 178.78) un/mm2 vs. 464.84 (452.92; 476.76) un/mm2) in the group of intact animals), an increase in MMP-9 expression on day 5 (14.20 (11.30; 18.10) vs. 3.30 (2.20; 4.40) in the intact group), an increase in VEGF expression on days 5 and 10 (33.00 (30.20; 34.90) vs 25.40 (22.20; 29.30) in the intact group), and a reduction in MMP-9 expression on days 10 and 20 after thermal injury.
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19
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Histological Studies on a Newly Isolated Bacillus subtilis D10 Protease in the Debridement of Burn Wound Eschars Using Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070923. [PMID: 34206272 PMCID: PMC8308810 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Proteases are among the most important industrial enzymes, playing a critical role in the physiological, biochemical, and regulatory processes of all living organisms. This study evaluated the histological effects of a Bacillus subtilis D10 protease in combination with the antibacterial ointment silver sulfadiazine (SSD) on the burned skin of mice. Materials and Methods: The bacterial proteolytic enzyme was produced and purified through DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and Sephadex G-100 FF. The in vitro protease specificity was then determined. The dorsal skin of albino mice was burned with 80% HCl solution, then treated under three conditions: cold cream, SSD, and SSD combined with the tested protease. After 15 days of daily treatment, the mice were sacrificed and skin tissue samples were histopathologically examined using hematoxylin eosin, and Masson trichrome staining. Results: The D10 protease hydrolyzed the proteinaceous components of eschars (fibrin, normal collagen, and denatured collagen) in vitro. Mice skins treated with protease and SSD mixture showed promising results, with more rapid healing than the other treatments. This group regenerated epidermis and dermis with newly formed granulated follicles, fibroblasts and blood capillaries in the dermis, and collagen fibers in the hypodermis. Conclusions: These results suggest that the serine protease produced by B. subtilis D10 promotes wound healing of mice skin burnt with HCl and restores the normal architectural pattern in a shorter time than the standard treatments.
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Tryptophan metabolism is dysregulated in individuals with Fanconi anemia. Blood Adv 2021; 5:250-261. [PMID: 33570643 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a complex genetic disorder associated with progressive marrow failure and a strong predisposition to malignancy. FA is associated with metabolic disturbances such as short stature, insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, abnormal body mass index (BMI), and dyslipidemia. We studied tryptophan metabolism in FA by examining tryptophan and its metabolites before and during the stress of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that can be converted to serotonin and kynurenine. We report here that serotonin levels are markedly elevated 14 days after HSCT in individuals with FA, in contrast to individuals without FA. Kynurenine levels are significantly reduced in individuals with FA compared with individuals without FA, before and after HSCT. Most peripheral serotonin is made in the bowel. However, serotonin levels in stool decreased in individuals with FA after transplant, similar to individuals without FA. Instead, we detected serotonin production in the skin in individuals with FA, whereas none was seen in individuals without FA. As expected, serotonin and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) levels were closely correlated with platelet count before and after HSCT in persons without FA. In FA, neither baseline serotonin nor TGF-B correlated with baseline platelet count (host-derived platelets), only TGF-B correlated 14 days after transplant (blood bank-derived platelets). BMI was negatively correlated with serotonin in individuals with FA, suggesting that hyperserotonemia may contribute to growth failure in FA. Serotonin is a potential therapeutic target, and currently available drugs might be beneficial in restoring metabolic balance in individuals with FA.
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21
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Neculaes B, Frelinger AL, Gerrits AJ, Gremmel T, Forde EE, Klopman S, Carmichael SL, Michelson AD. Activation of platelet-rich plasma by pulse electric fields: Voltage, pulse width and calcium concentration can be used to control and tune the release of growth factors, serotonin and hemoglobin. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249209. [PMID: 33891598 PMCID: PMC8064519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used in the clinical settings of wound healing and regenerative medicine, with activation typically induced by the addition of bovine thrombin. To eliminate issues with availability, cost and potential side effects associated with bovine thrombin, ex vivo PRP activation using pulse electric fields (PEF) has been proposed and demonstrated. The present study characterizes the effect of PEF voltage and pulse width, in combination with a range of calcium concentrations, on clot formation, growth factor release, and serotonin (5-HT) release from dense granules. The main findings are: 1) increasing calcium concentrations with most PEF conditions leads to increased levels of PDGF and 5-HT release; 2) whether EGF levels increase or decrease with increasing calcium concentration depends on the specific PEF parameters; 3) the pattern of PDGF and EGF levels in supernatants suggest that these molecules are localized differently within platelets; 4) significant levels of PDGF, EGF, and 5-HT can be released without inducing clot formation or hemoglobin release. In conclusion, voltage, pulse width and calcium concentration can be used to control and tune the release of growth factors, serotonin and hemoglobin from PEF-activated PRP. Because growth factor requirements vary for different types of wounds and for wounds at different stages of healing, the unique balance of factors in supernatants of PEF-activated PRP may provide more clinically advantageous than the current standard of bovine thrombin-activated PRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Neculaes
- GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew L. Frelinger
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Anja J. Gerrits
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gaenserndorf, Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Emma E. Forde
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Sabrina L. Carmichael
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Alan D. Michelson
- Center for Platelet Research Studies, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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22
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Gough P, Myles IA. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors: Pleiotropic Signaling Complexes and Their Differential Effects. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585880. [PMID: 33324405 PMCID: PMC7723893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1975, TNFα has been a subject of intense study as it plays significant roles in both immunity and cancer. Such attention is well deserved as TNFα is unique in its engagement of pleiotropic signaling via its two receptors: TNFR1 and TNFR2. Extensive research has yielded mechanistic insights into how a single cytokine can provoke a disparate range of cellular responses, from proliferation and survival to apoptosis and necrosis. Understanding the intracellular signaling pathways induced by this single cytokine via its two receptors is key to further revelation of its exact functions in the many disease states and immune responses in which it plays a role. In this review, we describe the signaling complexes formed by TNFR1 and TNFR2 that lead to each potential cellular response, namely, canonical and non-canonical NF-κB activation, apoptosis and necrosis. This is followed by a discussion of data from in vivo mouse and human studies to examine the differential impacts of TNFR1 versus TNFR2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Portia Gough
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ian A Myles
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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23
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Guo X, Liu Y, Bera H, Zhang H, Chen Y, Cun D, Foderà V, Yang M. α-Lactalbumin-Based Nanofiber Dressings Improve Burn Wound Healing and Reduce Scarring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45702-45713. [PMID: 32667794 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Skin wound especially burn injury is a major threat for public health. One of the pursuits in the current wound healing research is to identify new promising biological materials, which can not only promote tissue repair but also reduce scar formation. In this current study, the potentials of α-lactalbumin (ALA), a tryptophan-rich dietary protein acting as a precursor of neurotransmitter serotonin, to promote the burn wound healing and reduce the scar formation were investigated. The ALA was initially electrospun with polycaprolactone (PCL) to accomplish electrospun nanofibrous mats (ENMs), subsequently assessed for their physicochemical attributes and wound healing efficiency on a burn rat model, and then their healing mechanisms at cellular and molecular levels were explored. The results showed that ALA and PCL were physicochemically compatible in ENMs. The average diameter of various nanofibers was within 183-344 nm. Their wettability and mechanical properties could be readily modulated by adjusting the mass ratios of ALA and PCL from 1/9 to 1/2. The selected ENMs exhibited negligible cytotoxicity and satisfactory adhesion to fibroblasts and promoting the proliferation of the fibroblasts. As compared to pristine PCL based ENMs, the composite scaffolds could accelerate the wound healing process and exhibit effects comparable to a marketed wound dressing over 16 days. Moreover, the ALA/PCL based ENMs could increase the synthesis of type I collagen and decrease the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, conferring that the novel wound dressings could reduce the formation of scars. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the ALA is a promising biological material and could promote the regeneration of burn skins with reduced scar formation, when being loaded on ultrafine fibrous scaffolds, mimicking the structure of the natural extra cellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Guo
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Yunen Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Trauma PLA, No. 83 Road, Shenhe District, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Hriday Bera
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Vito Foderà
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Myles IA, Castillo CR, Barbian KD, Kanakabandi K, Virtaneva K, Fitzmeyer E, Paneru M, Otaizo-Carrasquero F, Myers TG, Markowitz TE, Moore IN, Liu X, Ferrer M, Sakamachi Y, Garantziotis S, Swamydas M, Lionakis MS, Anderson ED, Earland NJ, Ganesan S, Sun AA, Bergerson JRE, Silverman RA, Petersen M, Martens CA, Datta SK. Therapeutic responses to Roseomonas mucosa in atopic dermatitis may involve lipid-mediated TNF-related epithelial repair. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaaz8631. [PMID: 32908007 PMCID: PMC8571514 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz8631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the skin microbiota is increasingly implicated as a contributor to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). We previously reported first-in-human safety and clinical activity results from topical application of the commensal skin bacterium Roseomonas mucosa for the treatment of AD in 10 adults and 5 children older than 9 years of age. Here, we examined the potential mechanism of action of R. mucosa treatment and its impact on children with AD less than 7 years of age, the most common age group for children with AD. In 15 children with AD, R. mucosa treatment was associated with amelioration of disease severity, improvement in epithelial barrier function, reduced Staphylococcus aureus burden on the skin, and a reduction in topical steroid requirements without severe adverse events. Our observed response rates to R. mucosa treatment were greater than those seen in historical placebo control groups in prior AD studies. Skin improvements and colonization by R. mucosa persisted for up to 8 months after cessation of treatment. Analyses of cellular scratch assays and the MC903 mouse model of AD suggested that production of sphingolipids by R. mucosa, cholinergic signaling, and flagellin expression may have contributed to therapeutic impact through induction of a TNFR2-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These results suggest that a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of R. mucosa treatment in individuals with AD is warranted and implicate commensals in the maintenance of the skin epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Myles
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlo R Castillo
- Epithelial Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kent D Barbian
- RTS Genomics Unit, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kishore Kanakabandi
- RTS Genomics Unit, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kimmo Virtaneva
- RTS Genomics Unit, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Emily Fitzmeyer
- RTS Genomics Unit, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Monica Paneru
- RTS Genomics Unit, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | | | - Tovah E Markowitz
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (NCBR), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ian N Moore
- Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Department of Pre-clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yosuke Sakamachi
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Erik D Anderson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Noah J Earland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technology Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashleigh A Sun
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jenna R E Bergerson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Silverman
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Craig A Martens
- RTS Genomics Unit, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Sandip K Datta
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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25
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Huang M, Huang X, Jiang B, Zhang P, Guo L, Cui X, Zhou S, Ren L, Zhang M, Zeng J, Huang X, Liang P. linc00174-EZH2-ZNF24/Runx1-VEGFA Regulatory Mechanism Modulates Post-burn Wound Healing. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:824-836. [PMID: 32805486 PMCID: PMC7452087 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Preservation of denatured dermis exerts promotive functions in wound healing and improves the appearance and function of skin. Angiogenesis is crucial for wound healing during burn injury. However, the potential molecular mechanism of angiogenesis in the recovery after burn injury remains to be elucidated. Herein, RNA chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing analysis revealed upregulation of long intergenic non-coding RNA 00174 (linc00174) in the post-burn tissues. linc00174 overexpression promoted angiogenic activities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the heat-denatured cell model, characterized by the promotion of cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Mechanistically, linc00174 directly bound to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), thus stimulating the protein level of trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3). Moreover, inhibition of EZH2 resulted in downregulation of ZNF24 and Runx1, as well as a decline of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Furthermore, EZH2 modulated epigenetic repression of ZNF24 and Runx1 through the promoter of H3K27me3. Additionally, ZNF24 and Runx1 both functioned as transcriptional inhibitors of VEGFA. Taken together, these findings uncover that linc00174 epigenetically inhibits ZNF24 and Runx1 expression through binding to EZH2, thus attenuating the suppression of VEGFA, contributing to the facilitation of angiogenesis during the recovery of heat-denatured endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitao Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Pihong Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Le Guo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Situo Zhou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Licheng Ren
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jizhang Zeng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
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Slominski AT, Kim TK, Kleszczyński K, Semak I, Janjetovic Z, Sweatman T, Skobowiat C, Steketee JD, Lin Z, Postlethwaite A, Li W, Reiter RJ, Tobin DJ. Characterization of serotonin and N-acetylserotonin systems in the human epidermis and skin cells. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12626. [PMID: 31770455 PMCID: PMC7007327 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) activity was detected in cultured epidermal melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts with respective Km of 5.08 and 2.83 mM and Vmax of 80.5 and 108.0 µmol/min. Low but detectable TPH activity was also seen in cultured epidermal keratinocytes. Serotonin and/or its metabolite and precursor to melatonin, N-acetylserotonin (NAS), were identified by LC/MS in human epidermis and serum. Endogenous epidermal levels were 113.18 ± 13.34 and 43.41 ± 12.45 ng/mg protein for serotonin (n = 8/8) and NAS (n = 10/13), respectively. Their production was independent of race, gender, and age. NAS was also detected in human serum (n = 13/13) at a concentration 2.44 ± 0.45 ng/mL, while corresponding serotonin levels were 295.33 ± 17.17 ng/mL (n = 13/13). While there were no differences in serum serotonin levels, serum NAS levels were slightly higher in females. Immunocytochemistry studies showed localization of serotonin to epidermal and follicular keratinocytes, eccrine glands, mast cells, and dermal fibrocytes. Endogenous production of serotonin in cultured melanocytes, keratinocytes, and dermal fibroblasts was modulated by UVB. In conclusion, serotonin and NAS are produced endogenously in the epidermal, dermal, and adnexal compartments of human skin and in cultured skin cells. NAS is also detectable in human serum. Both serotonin and NAS inhibited melanogenesis in human melanotic melanoma at concentrations of 10-4 -10-3 M. They also inhibited growth of melanocytes. Melanoma cells were resistant to NAS inhibition, while serotonin inhibited cell growth only at 10-3 M. In summary, we characterized a serotonin-NAS system in human skin that is a part of local neuroendocrine system regulating skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Dermatology,VA Medical Center; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Igor Semak
- Department of Biochemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Zorica Janjetovic
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Cezary Skobowiat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Zongtao Lin
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Arnold Postlethwaite
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Departments of VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Desmond J. Tobin
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Hill DM, Pape KO, Zavala S, Boyd AN, Gayed RM, Reger M, Adams B, Voycik M, Carter KE, Quan A, Jones KM, Walroth TA. A Review of the Most Impactful Published Pharmacotherapy-Pertinent Literature of 2017 and 2018 for Clinicians Caring for Patients with Burn or Inhalation Injuries. J Burn Care Res 2020; 41:167-175. [PMID: 31400762 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Staying current and evaluating literature related to pharmacotherapy in burn or inhalation injury can be difficult as burn care teams are multidisciplinary and pertinent content can be spread across a plethora of journals. The goal of this review is to critically evaluate recently published pharmacotherapy-pertinent literature, assist practitioners staying current, and better identify potential future research targets. Twelve board-certified clinical pharmacists with experience caring for patients with burn and inhalation injuries reviewed and graded scientific literature published in 2017 and 2018. An MeSH-based search revealed 1158 articles related to burns, which were published during the 2-year period. One-hundred fifty one were determined to be potentially related to pharmacotherapy. After exclusions, only 82 (7%) remained for scoring, and the top 10 comprehensively presented. More than half of the reviewed manuscripts were assessed as lacking a significant impact on pharmacotherapy. There is a need for higher impact literature to support pharmacotherapy-pertinent treatment of such complex patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hill
- Department of Pharmacy, Firefighters' Burn Center, Regional One Health, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kate O Pape
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Burn Treatment Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Sarah Zavala
- Department of Pharmacy, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Allison N Boyd
- Department of Pharmacy, Rhode Island Hospital Burn Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence
| | - Rita M Gayed
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Nutrition, Grady Burn Center, Grady Health System, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Melissa Reger
- Department of Pharmacy, Leon S. Peters Burn Center, Community Regional Medical Center, Fresno, California
| | | | - Meaghan Voycik
- Department of Pharmacy, UPMC Mercy Burn Center, UPMC Mercy Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristen E Carter
- Department of Pharmacy, Burns Special Care Unit, UC Health University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Ohio
| | - Asia Quan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Arizona Burn Center at Maricopa Integrated Health System, Phoenix
| | - Kendrea M Jones
- Department of Pharmacy, Burn Center, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Todd A Walroth
- Department of Pharmacy, Richard M. Fairbanks Burn Center, Eskenazi Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
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28
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LE TN, Da Silva D, Colas C, Darrouzet E, Baril P, Leseurre L, Maunit B. Asian hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax venom: Evaluation and identification of the bioactive compound responsible for human keratinocyte protection against oxidative stress. Toxicon 2020; 176:1-9. [PMID: 31935389 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the potential antioxidant molecules of the Asian hornet venom (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) responsible for radical scavenging activity and human keratinocyte protection against oxidative stress. We developed a first technical platform that combined a DPPH radical scavenging chemical assay and cytotoxicity and ROS (reactive oxygen species) production in HaCaT keratinocyte cells exposed to UVB to evaluate the antioxidant property of V. velutina venom. We further employed Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) combined with the DPPH assay as a targeted separation approach to isolate the antioxidant compounds responsible for the free radical scavenging property of V. velutina venom. In parallel, the latter was fractionated by a HPLC-DAD non-targeted separation approach. From this experiment, nine fractions were generated which were again evaluated separately for their antioxidant properties using DPPH assays. Results showed that only one fraction exhibited significant antioxidant activity in which serotonin was identified as the major compound by a UHPLC-ESI-QTOF HRMS/MS approach. We finally demonstrated, using purified serotonin molecule that this bioactive structure is mostly responsible for the free radical scavenging property of the crude venom as evidenced by DPPH and ROS assays in HaCaT cells exposed to UVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Nhi LE
- University of Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067, Orléans, France.
| | - David Da Silva
- University of Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067, Orléans, France.
| | - Cyril Colas
- University of Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067, Orléans, France; CNRS, CBM, UPR 4301, University of Orléans, F-45071, Orléans, France.
| | - Eric Darrouzet
- IRBI, UMR CNRS 7261, University of Tours, Faculty of Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France.
| | - Patrick Baril
- CNRS, CBM, UPR 4301, University of Orléans, F-45071, Orléans, France.
| | - Lucie Leseurre
- CHIMEX (groupe L'Oréal), 16 Rue Maurice Berteaux, 95500, Le Thillay, France.
| | - Benoît Maunit
- University of Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067, Orléans, France; University of Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, IMost, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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29
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Curtis JJ, Vo NTK, Seymour CB, Mothersill CE. Serotonin and 5-HT 3 receptors sensitize human skin cells to direct irradiation cell death but not to soluble radiation-induced bystander signals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 180:108807. [PMID: 31629087 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is an environmental carcinogen and the biological damages it elicits are mechanistically distinct between high and low doses. Non-targeted effects occurring in nonirradiated cells such as the radiation-induced bystander effect predominate at low doses of IR. However, the role of non-targeted effects in environmental radiation protection is often overlooked because the governing mechanisms are complex and multifactorial. An improved understanding of the signaling molecules and their capacity to sensitize specific cell types are essential in establishing environmental IR risks. In particular, serotonin (5-HT) has been identified to exacerbate both direct irradiation and bystander-induced cell death (CD) in certain cell types, although not all cell types are responsive to 5-HT in this respect. In this study, we further characterize the role of 5-HT and 5-HT receptors (5-HTR) in the amplification of CD following IR exposure in human keratinocytes. We examined the survival of HaCaT cells treated with 5-HT and the 5-HTR antagonists ketanserin (5-HT2A) and ondansetron (5-HT3) following exposure to direct IR and irradiated cell condition medium (ICCM). Nonirradiated cell survival was consistent with the vehicle control among 5-HT concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 100 μM. Significant 5-HT concentration-dependent increases in CD occurred following direct IR exposure. Nonirradiated ICCM-recipient CD was not altered by 5-HT (0.001-100 μM) when present during donor cell irradiation among all IR doses. Increases in direct irradiation CD evoked by 5-HT were significantly attenuated by ondansetron, blocking the effect of 5-HT, whereas ketanserin did not alter CD. Western blotting of these target 5-HTRs revealed protein expression of the 5-HT3 receptor, while the 5-HT2A receptor was not detected. We have demonstrated a definitive role for 5-HT in the exacerbation of CD following direct IR exposure and identified the 5-HT3 receptor as a potential target for ameliorating radiation damage in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Curtis
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Nguyen T K Vo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Colin B Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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30
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Hodo TW, de Aquino MTP, Shimamoto A, Shanker A. Critical Neurotransmitters in the Neuroimmune Network. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1869. [PMID: 32973771 PMCID: PMC7472989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells rely on cell-cell communication to specify and fine-tune their responses. They express an extensive network of cell communication modes, including a vast repertoire of cell surface and transmembrane receptors and ligands, membrane vesicles, junctions, ligand and voltage-gated ion channels, and transporters. During a crosstalk between the nervous system and the immune system these modes of cellular communication and the downstream signal transduction events are influenced by neurotransmitters present in the local tissue environments in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. Neurotransmitters thus influence innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, immune cells send signals to the brain through cytokines, and are present in the brain to influence neural responses. Altered communication between the nervous and immune systems is emerging as a common feature in neurodegenerative and immunopathological diseases. Here, we present the mechanistic frameworks of immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects critical neurotransmitters - dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), substance P (trifluoroacetate salt powder), and L-glutamate - exert on lymphocytes and non-lymphoid immune cells. Furthermore, we discuss the possible roles neurotransmitter-driven neuroimmune networks play in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and outline potential clinical implications of balancing neuroimmune crosstalk by therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wesley Hodo
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Maria Teresa Prudente de Aquino
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Akiko Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States.,Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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31
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Mesdom P, Colle R, Lebigot E, Trabado S, Deflesselle E, Fève B, Becquemont L, Corruble E, Verstuyft C. Human Dermal Fibroblast: A Promising Cellular Model to Study Biological Mechanisms of Major Depression and Antidepressant Drug Response. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:301-318. [PMID: 31631822 PMCID: PMC7327943 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191021141057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) can be used as a cellular model relatively easily and without genetic engineering. Therefore, HDF represent an interesting tool to study several human diseases including psychiatric disorders. Despite major depressive disorder (MDD) being the second cause of disability in the world, the efficacy of antidepressant drug (AD) treatment is not sufficient and the underlying mechanisms of MDD and the mechanisms of action of AD are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to highlight the potential of HDF in the study of cellular mechanisms involved in MDD pathophysiology and in the action of AD response. METHODS The first part is a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines on the use of HDF in MDD research. The second part reports the mechanisms and molecules both present in HDF and relevant regarding MDD pathophysiology and AD mechanisms of action. RESULTS HDFs from MDD patients have been investigated in a relatively small number of works and most of them focused on the adrenergic pathway and metabolism-related gene expression as compared to HDF from healthy controls. The second part listed an important number of papers demonstrating the presence of many molecular processes in HDF, involved in MDD and AD mechanisms of action. CONCLUSION The imbalance in the number of papers between the two parts highlights the great and still underused potential of HDF, which stands out as a very promising tool in our understanding of MDD and AD mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Céline Verstuyft
- Address correspondence to this author at the Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Salle 416, Bâtiment Université, Hôpital du Kremlin Bicêtre, 78 rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Tel: +33145213588; E-mail:
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32
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Cheng N, Jeschke MG, Sheikholeslam M, Datu AK, Oh HH, Amini-Nik S. Promotion of dermal regeneration using pullulan/gelatin porous skin substitute. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1965-1977. [PMID: 31350941 PMCID: PMC7020691 DOI: 10.1002/term.2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered dermal substitutes represent a promising approach to improve wound healing and provide more sufficient regeneration, compared with current clinical standards on care of large wounds, early excision, and grafting of autografts. However, inadequate regenerative capacity, impaired regeneration/degradation profile, and high cost of current commercial tissue-engineered dermal regeneration templates hinder their utilization, and the development of an efficient and cost-effective tissue-engineered dermal substitute remains a challenge. Inspired from our previously reported data on a pullulan/gelatin scaffold, here we present a new generation of a porous pullulan/gelatin scaffold (PG2) served as a dermal substitute with enhanced chemical and structural characteristics. PG2 shows excellent biocompatibility (viability, migration, and proliferation), assessed by in vitro incorporation of human dermal fibroblasts in comparison with the Integra® dermal regeneration template (Control). When applied on a mouse full-thickness excisional wound, PG2 shows rapid scaffold degradation, more granulation tissue, more collagen deposition, and more cellularity in comparison with Control at 20 days post surgery. The faster degradation is likely due to the enhanced recruitment of inflammatory macrophages to the scaffold from the wound bed, and that leads to earlier maturation of granulation tissue with less myofibroblastic cells. Collectively, our data reveal PG2's characteristics as an applicable dermal substitute with excellent dermal regeneration, which may attenuate scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cheng
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Ross-Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | | | - Andrea-Kaye Datu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Hwan Hee Oh
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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33
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Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation Studies Predict Munc18b as a Target of Mycolactone: A Plausible Mechanism for Granule Exocytosis Impairment in Buruli Ulcer Pathogenesis. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11030181. [PMID: 30934618 PMCID: PMC6468854 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcers due to infections with Mycobacterium ulcerans are characterized by complete lack of wound healing processes, painless, an underlying bed of host dead cells and undermined edges due to necrosis. Mycolactone, a macrolide produced by the mycobacterium, is believed to be the toxin responsible. Of interest and relevance is the knowledge that Buruli ulcer (BU) patients remember experiencing trauma previously at the site of the ulcers, suggesting an impairment of wound healing processes, the plausible effect due to the toxin. Wound healing processes involve activation of the blood platelets to release the contents of the dense granules mainly serotonin, calcium ions, and ADP/ATP by exocytosis into the bloodstream. The serotonin release results in attracting more platelets and mast cells to the wound site, with the mast cells also undergoing degranulation, releasing compounds into the bloodstream by exocytosis. Recent work has identified interference in the co-translational translocation of many secreted proteins via the endoplasmic reticulum and cell death involving Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP), Sec61, and angiotensin II receptors (AT2R). We hypothesized that mycolactone by being lipophilic, passively crosses cell membranes and binds to key proteins that are involved in exocytosis by platelets and mast cells, thus inhibiting the initiation of wound healing processes. Based on this, molecular docking studies were performed with mycolactone against key soluble n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins and regulators, namely Vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP8), Synaptosomal-associated protein (SNAP23, syntaxin 11, Munc13-4 (its isoform Munc13-1 was used), and Munc18b; and also against known mycolactone targets (Sec61, AT2R, and WASP). Munc18b was shown to be a plausible mycolactone target after the molecular docking studies with binding affinity of -8.5 kcal/mol. Structural studies and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) binding energy calculations of the mycolactone and Munc18b complex was done with 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations using GROMACS. Mycolactone binds strongly to Munc18b with an average binding energy of -247.571 ± 37.471 kJ/mol, and its presence elicits changes in the structural conformation of the protein. Analysis of the binding interactions also shows that mycolactone interacts with Arg405, which is an important residue of Munc18b, whose mutation could result in impaired granule exocytosis. These findings consolidate the possibility that Munc18b could be a target of mycolactone. The implication of the interaction can be experimentally evaluated to further understand its role in granule exocytosis impairment in Buruli ulcer.
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34
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Aljghami ME, Jeschke MG, Amini-Nik S. Examining the contribution of surrounding intact skin during cutaneous healing. J Anat 2019; 234:523-531. [PMID: 30786015 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe cutaneous wounds expose the body to the external environment, which may lead to impairments in bodily functions and increased risk of infection. There is a need to develop skin substitutes which could effectively promote complete skin regeneration following an injury. Murine models are used to test such skin substitutes, but their healing involves contraction of the dermis not found in human wounds. We have previously described a device called a dome, which comes in two models, that is used to prevent skin contraction in mice. One model provides a physical barrier to minimize contraction, and the other model has additional perforations in the barrier to allow cellular contribution from the surrounding intact skin. Taking advantage of an enhanced version of these two models, we compared granulation tissue formation, the extent of vascularization, and the transition to myofibroblastic phenotype between the models. We enhanced the dome by developing a twist open cap dome and applied the two models of the dome into the excisional wound biopsy in mice. We demonstrate that the dome can be used to prevent skin contraction in mice. The control model prevented skin contraction while barricading the contribution of surrounding intact skin. When not barricaded, the intact skin enhances wound healing by increasing the number of myofibroblasts and neovascularization. Using a novel model of inhibition of skin contraction in rodents, we examined the contribution from the surrounding intact skin to granulation tissue formation, myofibroblastic differentiation, and neovascularization during the course of skin healing in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makram E Aljghami
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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35
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Sadiq A, Menchetti I, Shah A, Jeschke MG, Belo C, Carlos-Alcalde W, Hayat MQ, Amini-Nik S. 5-HT1A Receptor Function Makes Wound Healing a Happier Process. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1406. [PMID: 30618734 PMCID: PMC6297675 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a multistage phenomenon that is regulated by cell–cell interplay and various factors. Endogenous serotonin is an important neurotransmitter and cytokine. Its interaction with the serotonin 1A receptor (5-HTR1A) delivers downstream cellular effects. The role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and the 5-HT1A receptor has been established in the regeneration of tissues such as the liver and spinal motor neurons, prompting the investigation of the role of 5-HT1A receptor in skin healing. This study assessed the role of 5-HT1A receptor in excisional wound healing by employing an excisional punch biopsy model on 5-Ht1a receptor knockout mice. Post-harvest analysis revealed 5-Ht1a receptor knockout mice showed impaired skin healing, accompanied by a greater number of F4/80 macrophages, which prolongs the inflammatory phase of wound healing. To further unravel this phenomenon, we employed the 5-HT1A receptor agonist [(R)-(+)-8-Hydroxy-DPAT hydrobromide] as a topical cream treatment in an excisional punch biopsy model. The 5-HT1A receptor agonist treated group showed a smaller wound area, scar size, and improved neovascularization, which contributed to improve healing outcomes as compared to the control. Collectively, these findings revealed that serotonin and 5-HT1A receptor play an important role during the healing process. These findings may open new lines of investigation for the potential treatment alternatives to improve skin healing with minimal scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Sadiq
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ahmed Shah
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Wendolyn Carlos-Alcalde
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Qasim Hayat
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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36
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Amini-Nik S, Dolp R, Eylert G, Datu AK, Parousis A, Blakeley C, Jeschke MG. Stem cells derived from burned skin - The future of burn care. EBioMedicine 2018; 37:509-520. [PMID: 30409728 PMCID: PMC6284415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermal injuries affect millions of adults and children worldwide and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The key determinant for the survival of burns is rapid wound healing. Large wounds exceed intrinsic wound-healing capacities, and the currently available coverage materials are insufficient due to lack of cellularity, availability or immunological rejection. METHODS Using the surgically debrided tissue, we isolated viable cells from burned skin. The isolated cells cultured in tissue culture dishes and characterized. FINDINGS We report here that debrided burned skin, which is routinely excised from patients and otherwise considered medical waste and unconsciously discarded, contains viable, undamaged cells which show characteristics of mesenchymal skin stem cells. Those cells can be extracted, characterized, expanded, and incorporated into created epidermal-dermal substitutes to promote wound healing in immune-compromised mice and Yorkshire pigs without adverse side effects. INTERPRETATION These findings are of paramount importance and provide an ideal cell source for autologous skin regeneration. Furthermore, this study highlights that skin contains progenitor cells resistant to thermal stress. FUND: Canadian Institutes of Health Research # 123336. CFI Leader's Opportunity Fund: Project # 25407 National Institutes of Health 2R01GM087285-05A1. EMHSeed: Fund: 500463, A generous donation from Toronto Hydro. Integra© Life Science Company provided the meshed bilayer Integra© for porcine experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Amini-Nik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (LMP), University of Toronto, Canada; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Reinhard Dolp
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Gertraud Eylert
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Marc G Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada.
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37
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Amini-Nik S, Sadri AR, Diao L, Belo C, Jeschke MG. Accumulation of myeloid lineage cells is mapping out liver fibrosis post injury: a targetable lesion using Ketanserin. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-13. [PMID: 30026607 PMCID: PMC6053408 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is problematic after persistent injury. However, little is known about its response to an acute insult. Accumulation of myeloid lineage cells contributes into the promotion and resolution of inflammation and fibrosis. Using Cre-transgenic mice that specifically mark myeloid lineage cells with EYFP and burn as a model of acute systemic injury, we investigated the role of myeloid lineage cells in the liver after acute injury. Our data show that thermal injury in mice (30% total body surface area) induces fibrosis predominantly around portal venules whereas myeloid cells are enriched throughout the liver. The fibrosis peaks around 1-2 weeks post injury and resolves by week 3. Ablating myeloid cells led to lower fibrosis. Through FACS sorting, we isolated myeloid lineage cells (EYFP +ve cells) from injured animals and from the control uninjured animals and subjected the extracted RNA from these cells to microarray analysis. Microarray analysis revealed an inflammatory signature for EYFP +ve cells isolated from injured animals in comparison with control cells. Moreover, it showed modulation of components of the serotonin (5-HT) pathway in myeloid cells. Antagonizing the 5HT2A/2C receptor decreased fibrosis in thermally injured mice by skewing macrophages away from their pro-fibrotic phenotype. Macrophages conditioned with Ketanserin showed a lower pro-fibrotic phenotype in a co-culture system with mesenchymal cells. There is a spatiotemporal pattern in liver fibrosis post-thermal injury, which is associated with the influx of myeloid cells. Treating mice with a 5HT2A/2C receptor antagonist promotes an anti-fibrotic effect, through modulating the phenotype of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Amini-Nik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Ali-Reza Sadri
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Li Diao
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Marc G Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Ross-Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
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38
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Bakhtyar N, Jeschke MG, Herer E, Sheikholeslam M, Amini-Nik S. Exosomes from acellular Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord promotes skin wound healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:193. [PMID: 30005703 PMCID: PMC6044104 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compromised wound healing has become a global public health challenge which presents a significant psychological, financial, and emotional burden on patients and physicians. We recently reported that acellular gelatinous Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord enhances skin wound healing in vitro and in vivo in a murine model; however, the key player in the jelly which enhances wound healing is still unknown. METHODS We performed mass spectrometry on acellular gelatinous Wharton's jelly to elucidate the chemical structures of the molecules. Using an ultracentrifugation protocol, we isolated exosomes and treated fibroblasts with these exosomes to assess their proliferation and migration. Mice were subjected to a full-thickness skin biopsy experiment and treated with either control vehicle or vehicle containing exosomes. Isolated exosomes were subjected to further mass spectrometry analysis to determine their cargo. RESULTS Subjecting the acellular gelatinous Wharton's jelly to proteomics approaches, we detected a large amount of proteins that are characteristic of exosomes. Here, we show that the exosomes isolated from the acellular gelatinous Wharton's jelly enhance cell viability and cell migration in vitro and enhance skin wound healing in the punch biopsy wound model in mice. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that exosomes of Wharton's jelly umbilical cord contain a large amount of alpha-2-macroglobulin, a protein which mimics the effect of acellular gelatinous Wharton's jelly exosomes on wound healing. CONCLUSIONS Exosomes are being enriched in the native niche of the umbilical cord and can enhance wound healing in vivo through their cargo. Exosomes from the acellular gelatinous Wharton's jelly and the cargo protein alpha-2-macroglobulin have tremendous potential as a noncellular, off-the-shelf therapeutic modality for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazihah Bakhtyar
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook’s Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care (TECC) Program, Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Office: M7-161, Lab: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
| | - Marc G. Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook’s Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care (TECC) Program, Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Office: M7-161, Lab: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
- The University of Toronto, Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Elaine Herer
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook’s Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care (TECC) Program, Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Office: M7-161, Lab: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Mohammadali Sheikholeslam
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook’s Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care (TECC) Program, Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Office: M7-161, Lab: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook’s Trauma, Emergency & Critical Care (TECC) Program, Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Office: M7-161, Lab: M7-140, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 Canada
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (LMP), The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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