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Taneera J, Khalique A, Mohammed AK, Mussa BM, Sulaiman N, Abu-Gharbieh E, El-Huneidi W, Saber-Ayad MM. Investigating the Impact of IL6 on Insulin Secretion: Evidence from INS-1 Cells, Human Pancreatic Islets, and Serum Analysis. Cells 2024; 13:685. [PMID: 38667300 PMCID: PMC11049194 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL6) is a pleiotropic cytokine implicated in metabolic disorders and inflammation, yet its precise influence on insulin secretion and glucose metabolism remains uncertain. This study examined IL6 expression in pancreatic islets from individuals with/without diabetes, alongside a series of functional experiments, including siRNA silencing; IL6 treatment; and assessments of glucose uptake, cell viability, apoptosis, and expression of key β-cell genes, which were conducted in both INS-1 cells and human islets to elucidate the effect of IL6 on insulin secretion. Serum levels of IL6 from Emirati patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were measured, and the effect of antidiabetic drugs on IL6 levels was studied. The results revealed that IL6 mRNA expression was higher in islets from diabetic and older donors compared to healthy or young donors. IL6 expression correlated negatively with PDX1, MAFB, and NEUROD1 and positively with SOX4, HES1, and FOXA1. Silencing IL6 in INS-1 cells reduced insulin secretion and glucose uptake independently of apoptosis or oxidative stress. Reduced expression of IL6 was associated with the downregulation of Ins, Pdx1, Neurod1, and Glut2 in INS-1 cells. In contrast, IL6 treatment enhanced insulin secretion in INS-1 cells and human islets and upregulated insulin expression. Serum IL6 levels were elevated in patients with T2D and associated with higher glucose, HbA1c, and triglycerides, regardless of glucose-lowering medications. This study provides a new understanding of the role of IL6 in β-cell function and the pathophysiology of T2D. Our data highlight differences in the response to IL6 between INS-1 cells and human islets, suggesting the presence of species-specific variations across different experimental models. Further research is warranted to unravel the precise mechanisms underlying the observed effects of IL-6 on insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Taneera
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.M.M.); (N.S.); (E.A.-G.); (W.E.-H.); (M.M.S.-A.)
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Anila Khalique
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Bashair M. Mussa
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.M.M.); (N.S.); (E.A.-G.); (W.E.-H.); (M.M.S.-A.)
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Nabil Sulaiman
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.M.M.); (N.S.); (E.A.-G.); (W.E.-H.); (M.M.S.-A.)
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.M.M.); (N.S.); (E.A.-G.); (W.E.-H.); (M.M.S.-A.)
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.); (A.K.M.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.M.M.); (N.S.); (E.A.-G.); (W.E.-H.); (M.M.S.-A.)
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Maha M. Saber-Ayad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (B.M.M.); (N.S.); (E.A.-G.); (W.E.-H.); (M.M.S.-A.)
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.K.); (A.K.M.)
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Mizerska A, Durlik M, Kędzierska-Kapuza K. Nutritional Risk of Candidates for Simultaneous Pancreatic-Kidney Transplantation-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4179. [PMID: 37836461 PMCID: PMC10574362 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Not much is known about the significance of nutritional status and support in transplant surgery, least of all in simultaneous pancreatic and kidney transplantation. Malnutrition in the context of simultaneous pancreatic-kidney transplantation seems to be complex and a still poorly investigated problem. Since SPKTX is highly qualified and also has a small volume procedure, it is difficult to obtain data from large cohorts of patients. The aim of this article is to gather existing evidence and information about the subject, as well as to elicit some questions and goals for the future. METHODS We searched through the Pub-Med database using the keywords "pancreas and kidney transplantation" combined with "nutritional risk", "nutritional status", "malnutrition", "nutritional intervention", and "frailty", finding a total of 4103 matching results. We then narrowed it down to articles written in English with the full text available. We also researched through the references of articles most accurately matching our researched terms. RESULTS There are numerous tools that have been investigated for the screening of malnutrition, such as the NRI index, PNI index, NLR, SGA scale, and NRS-2002 scale, each of which proved to be of some use in predicting patient outcomes in different surgical settings. Since all of them differed in components and assessed parameters and, in the absence of more sensitive or infallible indicators, the most reasonable approach seems to evaluate them jointly. CONCLUSION It is important to underline the necessity of nutritional screening and the subsequent introduction of adequate therapy while awaiting transplantation in an attempt to improve results. Considering the complexity of surgical procedures and the severity of underlying diseases with their intense metabolic components, the patient's nutritional status seems to significantly influence results. Consequently, nutritional risk assessments should be a part of the routine care of patients qualified for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mizerska
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplantology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior Affairs and Administration, Wołoska St. 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marek Durlik
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplantology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior Affairs and Administration, Wołoska St. 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karolina Kędzierska-Kapuza
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplantology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka St. 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Hall LG, Thyfault JP, Johnson JD. Exercise and inactivity as modifiers of β cell function and type 2 diabetes risk. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:823-839. [PMID: 36759159 PMCID: PMC10042613 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00472.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise and regular physical activity are beneficial for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, whereas exercise cessation, defined as deconditioning from regular exercise or physical activity that has lasted for a period of months to years, can lead to metabolic derangements that drive disease. Adaptations to the insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are an important benefit of exercise, whereas less is known about how exercise cessation affects these cells. Our aim is to review the impact that exercise and exercise cessation have on β-cell function, with a focus on the evidence from studies examining glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) using gold-standard techniques. Potential mechanisms by which the β-cell adapts to exercise, including exerkine and incretin signaling, autonomic nervous system signaling, and changes in insulin clearance, will also be explored. We will highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam G Hall
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- KU Diabetes Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Impact of Sarcopenia on Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation Outcomes: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study. Transplant Direct 2020; 6:e610. [PMID: 33062843 PMCID: PMC7523826 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Sarcopenia has been identified as a predictive variable for surgical outcomes. We hypothesized that sarcopenia could be a key measure to identify frail patients and potentially predict poorer outcomes among recipients of simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplants.
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Ryan AJ, Ciaraldi TP, Henry RR. Myokine Regulation of Insulin Secretion: Impact of Inflammation and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1608. [PMID: 32038288 PMCID: PMC6987462 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SkM) secretes protein factors (myokines) that can exert multiple actions. To study the control of myokine regulation of β-cell function, SkM biopsies were taken from non-diabetic (ND) and Type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects and satellite cells cultured to myotubes (MT). MT were also treated with lipopolysaccharide (infectious inflammation – II) or a combination of glucose (10 mM), insulin (120 pM), and palmitate (0.4 mM) (metabolic inflammation – MI) to model the inflammatory and metabolic conditions seen in vivo with T2D. Conditioned media (CM) was collected from MT after 24 h and used to treat INS-1 cells for 24 h. Cell viability, total insulin content, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and maximal (IBMX-stimulated) IS (ISmax) were monitored. Under baseline conditions, CM from ND and T2D MT had no effects on INS-1 cell viability, insulin content, GSIS, or ISmax. After exposure to II, CM from ND-MT augmented GSIS in INS-1 cells by 100 ± 25% over control (p < 0.05); T2D-CM had no effect. After exposure to MI, T2D-CM suppressed GSIS by 35 ± 5% (p < 0.05); ND-CM was without effect. Under either of these conditions cell viability, total insulin content and ISmax were unaffected. Effects of CM on GSIS were lost after CM was boiled. Both augmentation of GSIS by ND-CM from II-treated MT, and suppression by T2D-CM from MI-treated MT, were inhibited by wortmannin, Ro 31-8220, and SB203580. In summary: (1) ND-MT are able to augment GSIS when stressed, (2) T2D-MT responding to a diabetic-like environment secrete myokines that suppress GSIS, (3) Unknown protein factors exert effects specifically on GSIS, possibly through PI-3K, PKC, and/or p38 MAPK. In T2D, both insulin resistance and a suppression of adaptive increased insulin secretion are intrinsic properties of SkM that can contribute to the full T2D phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Ryan
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, LA Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Theodore P Ciaraldi
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, LA Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Robert R Henry
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, LA Jolla, CA, United States
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Barlow J, Solomon TPJ. Conditioned media from contracting skeletal muscle potentiates insulin secretion and enhances mitochondrial energy metabolism of pancreatic beta-cells. Metabolism 2019; 91:1-9. [PMID: 30445139 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In this study, we aimed to examine real-time effects of molecules released by contracting skeletal muscle on the insulin secretory function of β-cells using a novel perifusion platform. We hypothesised that media conditioned by contracting skeletal muscle will influence insulin secretion and mitochondrial energy metabolism in β-cells under normal and type-2 diabetic conditions. METHODS INS-1 832/3 pseudoislets were perifused with media from C2C12 myotubes treated with or without electrical pulse stimulation (EPS; 40 V, 1.0 Hz, 2 ms). Insulin secretory function of pseudoislets was measured before, during, and after EPS to simulate pre-, during-, and post-exercise like effects. Additional experiments were completed in INS-1 832/3 cells under "healthy" and "diabetic-like" conditions as well as human pancreatic islets isolated from nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic donors. RESULTS Insulin secretion increased significantly (P < 0.05) by pseudoislets when perifused with media from myotubes treated with but not without EPS. Conditioned media from EPS-treated myotubes also potentiated insulin secretion from INS-1 832/3 cell monolayers in the presence (P < 0.05) and absence of palmitate (P < 0.001) and in nondiabetic (P < 0.01) and type-2 diabetic (P = 0.06) isolated human islets. Pre-treatment of INS-1 832/3 cells to 24-hour high glucose ± palmitate dampened this effect. Moreover, conditioned media from myotubes treated with EPS significantly increased mitochondrial respiratory activity of INS-1 832/3 cells. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Conditioned media from myotubes treated with EPS potentiates acute insulin release from normal cultured β-cells, nondiabetic islets and Type-2 diabetic islets and is associated with enhanced mitochondrial substrate oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Barlow
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.
| | - Thomas P J Solomon
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK; Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, UK
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In vitro experimental models for examining the skeletal muscle cell biology of exercise: the possibilities, challenges and future developments. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:413-429. [PMID: 30291430 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exercise provides a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of several chronic diseases. The use of in vivo exercise models alone cannot fully establish the skeletal muscle-specific mechanisms involved in such health-promoting effects. As such, models that replicate exercise-like effects in vitro provide useful tools to allow investigations that are not otherwise possible in vivo. In this review, we provide an overview of experimental models currently used to induce exercise-like effects in skeletal muscle in vitro. In particular, the appropriateness of electrical pulse stimulation and several pharmacological compounds to resemble exercise, as well as important technical considerations, are addressed. Each model covered herein provides a useful tool to investigate different aspects of exercise with a level of abstraction not possible in vivo. That said, none of these models are perfect under all circumstances, and the choice of model (and terminology) used should be informed by the specific research question whilst accounting for the several inherent limitations of each model. Further work is required to develop and optimise the current experimental models used, such as combination with complementary techniques during treatment, and thereby improve their overall utility and impact within muscle biology research.
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