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Ricci NAP, Bento JPSP, Mayer JLS, Singer RB, Koehler S. Gametophytic self-incompatibility in Maxillariinae orchids. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:271-279. [PMID: 37787780 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) has been mainly described in species-rich clades within Orchidaceae. We report GSI for a genus within Maxillariinae, one of the most conspicuous and diverse subtribes of neotropical orchids. Here, we describe the reproductive system of Brasiliorchis picta, B. phoenicanthera, and B. porphyrostele. Anatomical studies of fruit development showed that pollen tubes of aborted, self-pollinated flowers degenerate half-way in the stylar channel and never reach the ovules. Spontaneous self-pollination and emasculation set no fruits for none of the sampled species, thus supporting the hypothesis that these three species studied rely on the agency of pollinators and pollinator-mediated cross-pollination to set fruit. Fruit set from cross-pollinations ranged from 33.4 to 77.5%. One self-pollinated fruit of B. porphyrostele developed to completion. All other fruits aborted between 10 and 21 days after pollination. These data support previous evidence of variable strength GSI being exhibited in orchid species. Additional studies of self-incompatibility systems are needed to evaluate their role in species diversification and evolution of reproductive strategies in Maxillariinae and to allow for effective conservation strategies of threatened orchid species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana Lischka Sampaio Mayer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, CP 6109, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bustos Singer
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Samantha Koehler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, CP 6109, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
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Jiao B, Chen C, Wei M, Niu G, Zheng J, Zhang G, Shen J, Vitales D, Vallès J, Verloove F, Erst AS, Soejima A, Mehregan I, Kokubugata G, Chung GY, Ge X, Gao L, Yuan Y, Joly C, Jabbour F, Wang W, Shultz LM, Gao T. Phylogenomics and morphological evolution of the mega-diverse genus Artemisia (Asteraceae: Anthemideae): implications for its circumscription and infrageneric taxonomy. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:867-883. [PMID: 36976653 PMCID: PMC10184459 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Artemisia is a mega-diverse genus consisting of ~400 species. Despite its medicinal importance and ecological significance, a well-resolved phylogeny for global Artemisia, a natural generic delimitation and infrageneric taxonomy remain missing, owing to the obstructions from limited taxon sampling and insufficient information on DNA markers. Its morphological characters, such as capitulum, life form and leaf, show marked variations and are widely used in its infrageneric taxonomy. However, their evolution within Artemisia is poorly understood. Here, we aimed to reconstruct a well-resolved phylogeny for global Artemisia via a phylogenomic approach, to infer the evolutionary patterns of its key morphological characters and to update its circumscription and infrageneric taxonomy. METHODS We sampled 228 species (258 samples) of Artemisia and its allies from both fresh and herbarium collections, covering all the subgenera and its main geographical areas, and conducted a phylogenomic analysis based on nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from genome skimming data. Based on the phylogenetic framework, we inferred the possible evolutionary patterns of six key morphological characters widely used in its previous taxonomy. KEY RESULTS The genus Kaschgaria was revealed to be nested in Artemisia with strong support. A well-resolved phylogeny of Artemisia consisting of eight highly supported clades was recovered, two of which were identified for the first time. Most of the previously recognized subgenera were not supported as monophyletic. Evolutionary inferences based on the six morphological characters showed that different states of these characters originated independently more than once. CONCLUSIONS The circumscription of Artemisia is enlarged to include the genus Kaschgaria. The morphological characters traditionally used for the infrageneric taxonomy of Artemisia do not match the new phylogenetic tree. They experienced a more complex evolutionary history than previously thought. We propose a revised infrageneric taxonomy of the newly circumscribed Artemisia, with eight recognized subgenera to accommodate the new results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guohao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiye Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guojin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiahao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Daniel Vitales
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Vallès
- Laboratori de Botànica – Unitat associada al CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació -Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Filip Verloove
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860 Meise, Belgium
| | - Andrey S Erst
- Laboratory Herbarium (NS), Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences Russia, Novosibirsk, 630090, Zolotodolinskaya st. 101, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Laboratoryof Systematics and Phylogeny of Plants (TK), Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Akiko Soejima
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Iraj Mehregan
- Laboratory for Plant Molecular Phylogeny and Systematics, Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Goro Kokubugata
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
| | - Gyu-Young Chung
- Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, 1375 Gyeongdong-ro Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuejun Ge
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lianming Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Lijiang National Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, Yunnan 67410, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Cyprien Joly
- Institut de Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier CP39, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Florian Jabbour
- Institut de Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier CP39, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leila M Shultz
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5230, USA
| | - Tiangang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Song C, Wang Y, Manzoor MA, Mao D, Wei P, Cao Y, Zhu F. In-depth analysis of genomes and functional genomics of orchid using cutting-edge high-throughput sequencing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1018029. [PMID: 36212315 PMCID: PMC9539832 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1018029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing technology has been facilitated the development of new methodologies and approaches for studying the origin and evolution of plant genomes and subgenomes, population domestication, and functional genomics. Orchids have tens of thousands of members in nature. Many of them have promising application potential in the extension and conservation of the ecological chain, the horticultural use of ornamental blossoms, and the utilization of botanical medicines. However, a large-scale gene knockout mutant library and a sophisticated genetic transformation system are still lacking in the improvement of orchid germplasm resources. New gene editing tools, such as the favored CRISPR-Cas9 or some base editors, have not yet been widely applied in orchids. In addition to a large variety of orchid cultivars, the high-precision, high-throughput genome sequencing technology is also required for the mining of trait-related functional genes. Nowadays, the focus of orchid genomics research has been directed to the origin and classification of species, genome evolution and deletion, gene duplication and chromosomal polyploidy, and flower morphogenesis-related regulation. Here, the progressing achieved in orchid molecular biology and genomics over the past few decades have been discussed, including the evolution of genome size and polyploidization. The frequent incorporation of LTR retrotransposons play important role in the expansion and structural variation of the orchid genome. The large-scale gene duplication event of the nuclear genome generated plenty of recently tandem duplicated genes, which drove the evolution and functional divergency of new genes. The evolution and loss of the plastid genome, which mostly affected genes related to photosynthesis and autotrophy, demonstrated that orchids have experienced more separate transitions to heterotrophy than any other terrestrial plant. Moreover, large-scale resequencing provide useful SNP markers for constructing genetic maps, which will facilitate the breeding of novel orchid varieties. The significance of high-throughput sequencing and gene editing technologies in the identification and molecular breeding of the trait-related genes in orchids provides us with a representative trait-improving gene as well as some mechanisms worthy of further investigation. In addition, gene editing has promise for the improvement of orchid genetic transformation and the investigation of gene function. This knowledge may provide a scientific reference and theoretical basis for orchid genome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Song
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | | | - Di Mao
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peipei Wei
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Yunpeng Cao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fucheng Zhu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
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Lu A, Jiang Y, Wu J, Tan D, Qin L, Lu Y, Qian Y, Bai C, Yang J, Ling H, Shi J, Yang Z, He Y. Opposite trends of glycosides and alkaloids in Dendrobium nobile of different age based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS combined with multivariate statistical analyses. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:619-634. [PMID: 35238089 PMCID: PMC9541022 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alkaloids and glycosides are the active ingredients of the herb Dendrobium nobile, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine. The pharmacological effects of alkaloids include neuroprotective effects and regulatory effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, while glycosides improve the immune system. The pharmacological activities of the above chemical components are significantly different. In practice, the stems of 3-year-old D. nobile are usually used as the main source of Dendrobii Caulis. However, it has not been reported whether this harvesting time is appropriate. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the chemical characteristics of D. nobile in different growth years (1-3 years). METHODS In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) was employed to analyze the constituents of D. nobile. The relative abundance of each constituent was analyzed with multivariate statistical analyses to screen the characteristic constituents that contributed to the characterization and classification of D. nobile. Dendrobine, a component of D. nobile that is used for quality control according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, was assayed by gas chromatography. RESULTS As a result, 34 characteristic constituents (VIP > 2) were identified or tentatively identified as alkaloids and glycosides based on MS/MS data. Moreover, the content of alkaloids decreased over time, whereas the content of glycosides showed the opposite trend. The absolute quantification of dendrobine was consistent with the metabolomics results. CONCLUSION Our findings provide valuable information to optimize the harvest period and a reference for the clinical application of D. nobile.
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Affiliation(s)
- An‐jing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of PharmacyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Shanghai Standard Technology Co., LtdShanghaiChina
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of PharmacyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Jia Wu
- Shanghai Standard Technology Co., LtdShanghaiChina
| | - Dao‐peng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of PharmacyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Lin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of PharmacyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yan‐liu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of PharmacyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yong Qian
- Shanghai Standard Technology Co., LtdShanghaiChina
| | - Chao‐jun Bai
- Guangxi Shenli Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. YulinGuangxiChina
| | - Ji‐yong Yang
- Chishui Xintian Chinese Medicine Industry Development Co., LtdZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Hua Ling
- School of PharmacyGeorgia Campus ‐ Philadelphia College of Osteopathic MedicineSuwaneeGAUSA
| | - Jing‐shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of PharmacyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Zhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of PharmacyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Shanghai Standard Technology Co., LtdShanghaiChina
| | - Yu‐qi He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of PharmacyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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Zhang X, Jia Y, Liu Y, Chen D, Luo Y, Niu S. Challenges and Perspectives in the Study of Self-Incompatibility in Orchids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312901. [PMID: 34884706 PMCID: PMC8657995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-incompatibility affects not only the formation of seeds, but also the evolution of species diversity. A robust understanding of the molecular mechanisms of self-incompatibility is essential for breeding efforts, as well as conservation biology research. In recent years, phenotypic and multiple omics studies have revealed that self-incompatibility in Orchidaceae is mainly concentrated in the subfamily Epidendroideae, and the self-incompatibility phenotypes are diverse, even in the same genus, and hormones (auxin and ethylene), and new male and female determinants might be involved in SI response. This work provides a good foundation for future studies of the evolution and molecular mechanisms of self-incompatibility. We review recent research progress on self-incompatibility in orchids at the morphological, physiological, and molecular levels, provide a general overview of self-incompatibility in orchids, and propose future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (X.Z.); (Y.J.); (Y.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Yin Jia
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (X.Z.); (Y.J.); (Y.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (X.Z.); (Y.J.); (Y.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Duanfen Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (X.Z.); (Y.J.); (Y.L.); (D.C.)
| | - Yibo Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (S.N.)
| | - Shance Niu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; (X.Z.); (Y.J.); (Y.L.); (D.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (S.N.)
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Zhang Y, Zhang GQ, Zhang D, Liu XD, Xu XY, Sun WH, Yu X, Zhu X, Wang ZW, Zhao X, Zhong WY, Chen H, Yin WL, Huang T, Niu SC, Liu ZJ. Chromosome-scale assembly of the Dendrobium chrysotoxum genome enhances the understanding of orchid evolution. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:183. [PMID: 34465765 PMCID: PMC8408244 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As one of the largest families of angiosperms, the Orchidaceae family is diverse. Dendrobium represents the second largest genus of the Orchidaceae. However, an assembled high-quality genome of species in this genus is lacking. Here, we report a chromosome-scale reference genome of Dendrobium chrysotoxum, an important ornamental and medicinal orchid species. The assembled genome size of D. chrysotoxum was 1.37 Gb, with a contig N50 value of 1.54 Mb. Of the sequences, 95.75% were anchored to 19 pseudochromosomes. There were 30,044 genes predicted in the D. chrysotoxum genome. Two whole-genome polyploidization events occurred in D. chrysotoxum. In terms of the second event, whole-genome duplication (WGD) was also found to have occurred in other Orchidaceae members, which diverged mainly via gene loss immediately after the WGD event occurred; the first duplication was found to have occurred in most monocots (tau event). We identified sugar transporter (SWEET) gene family expansion, which might be related to the abundant medicinal compounds and fleshy stems of D. chrysotoxum. MADS-box genes were identified in D. chrysotoxum, as well as members of TPS and Hsp90 gene families, which are associated with resistance, which may contribute to the adaptive evolution of orchids. We also investigated the interplay among carotenoid, ABA, and ethylene biosynthesis in D. chrysotoxum to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of the short flowering period of orchids with yellow flowers. The reference D. chrysotoxum genome will provide important insights for further research on medicinal active ingredients and breeding and enhances the understanding of orchid evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Orchid Conservation and Research Center, The National Orchid Conservation Center, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Diyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xue-Die Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xin-Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wei-Hong Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | | | | | | | - Hongfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Wei-Lun Yin
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China.
| | - Shan-Ce Niu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Flowers of Five Fragrant Dendrobium (Orchidaceae). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081718. [PMID: 34451762 PMCID: PMC8400785 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A detailed chemical composition of Dendrobium essential oil has been only reported for a few main species. This article is the first to evaluate the essential oil composition, obtained by steam distillation, of five Indian Dendrobium species: Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl., Dendrobium harveyanum Rchb.f., and Dendrobium wardianum R.Warner (section Dendrobium), Dendrobium amabile (Lour.) O'Brien, and Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. ex Lindl. (section Densiflora). We investigate fresh flower essential oil obtained by steam distillation, by GC/FID and GC/MS. Several compounds are identified, with a peculiar distribution in the species: Saturated hydrocarbons (range 2.19-80.20%), organic acids (range 0.45-46.80%), esters (range 1.03-49.33%), and alcohols (range 0.12-22.81%). Organic acids are detected in higher concentrations in D. chrysantum, D. wardianum, and D. harveyanum (46.80%, 26.89%, and 7.84%, respectively). This class is represented by palmitic acid (13.52%, 5.76, and 7.52%) linoleic acid (D. wardianum 17.54%), and (Z)-11-hexadecenoic acid (D. chrysantum 29.22%). Esters are detected especially in species from section Dendrobium, with ethyl linolenate, methyl linoleate, ethyl oleate, and ethyl palmitate as the most abundant compounds. Alcohols are present in higher concentrations in D. chrysantum (2.4-di-tert-butylphenol, 22.81%), D. chrysotoxum (1-octanol, and 2-phenylethanol, 2.80% and 2.36%), and D. wardianum (2-phenylethanol, 4.65%). Coumarin (95.59%) is the dominant compound in D. amabile (section Densiflora) and detected in lower concentrations (range 0.19-0.54%) in other samples. These volatile compounds may represent a particular feature of these plant species, playing a critical role in interacting with pollinators.
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Two Self-Incompatibility Sites Occur Simultaneously in the Same Acianthera Species (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121758. [PMID: 33322562 PMCID: PMC7763335 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In most species of Pleurothallidinae, the self-incompatibility site occurs in the stylar canal inside the column, which is typical of gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI). However, in some species of Acianthera, incompatible pollen tubes with anomalous morphology reach the ovary, as those are obstructed in the column. We investigated if a distinct self-incompatibility (SI) system is acting on the ovary of A. johannensis, which is a species with partial self-incompatibility, contrasting with a full SI species, A. fabiobarrosii. We analyzed the morphology and development of pollen tubes in the column, ovary, and fruit using light, epifluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. Our results show that the main reaction site in A. johannensis is in the stylar canal inside the column, which was also recorded in A. fabiobarrosii. Morphological and cytological characteristics of the pollen tubes with obstructed growth in the column indicated a process of programmed cell death in these tubes, showing a possible GSI reaction. In addition, partially self-incompatible individuals of A. johannensis exhibit a second SI site in the ovary. We suggest that this self-incompatibility site in the ovary is only an extension of GSI that acts in the column, differing from the typical late-acting self-incompatibility system recorded in other plant groups.
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Nguyen NH, Vu HT, Le ND, Nguyen TD, Duong HX, Tran HD. Molecular Identification and Evaluation of the Genetic Diversity of Dendrobium Species Collected in Southern Vietnam. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E76. [PMID: 32290139 PMCID: PMC7236015 DOI: 10.3390/biology9040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium has been widely used not only as ornamental plants but also as food and medicines. The identification and evaluation of the genetic diversity of Dendrobium species support the conservation of genetic resources of endemic Dendrobium species. Uniquely identifying Dendrobium species used as medicines helps avoid misuse of medicinal herbs. However, it is challenging to identify Dendrobium species morphologically during their immature stage. Based on the DNA barcoding method, it is now possible to efficiently identify species in a shorter time. In this study, the genetic diversity of 76 Dendrobium samples from Southern Vietnam was investigated based on the ITS (Internal transcribed spacer), ITS2, matK (Maturase_K), rbcL (ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit) and trnH-psbA (the internal space of the gene coding histidine transfer RNA (trnH) and gene coding protein D1, a polypeptide of the photosystem I reaction center (psaB)) regions. The ITS region was found to have the best identification potential. Nineteen out of 24 Dendrobium species were identified based on phylogenetic tree and Indel information of this region. Among these, seven identified species were used as medicinal herbs. The results of this research contributed to the conservation, propagation, and hybridization of indigenous Dendrobium species in Southern Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu-Hoa Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, 280 An Duong Vuong Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh 72711, Vietnam
| | - Huyen-Trang Vu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh 72820, Vietnam; (H.-T.V.); (N.-D.L.); (T.-D.N.)
| | - Ngoc-Diep Le
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh 72820, Vietnam; (H.-T.V.); (N.-D.L.); (T.-D.N.)
| | - Thanh-Diem Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh 72820, Vietnam; (H.-T.V.); (N.-D.L.); (T.-D.N.)
| | - Hoa-Xo Duong
- Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City, 2374 Highway 1, Quarter 2, Ward Trung My Tay, District 12, Ho Chi Minh 71507, Vietnam;
| | - Hoang-Dung Tran
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh 72820, Vietnam; (H.-T.V.); (N.-D.L.); (T.-D.N.)
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Muñoz-Sanz JV, Zuriaga E, Cruz-García F, McClure B, Romero C. Self-(In)compatibility Systems: Target Traits for Crop-Production, Plant Breeding, and Biotechnology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:195. [PMID: 32265945 PMCID: PMC7098457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms prevent self-fertilization in flowering plants based on specific discrimination between self- and non-self pollen. Since this trait promotes outcrossing and avoids inbreeding it is a widespread mechanism of controlling sexual plant reproduction. Growers and breeders have effectively exploited SI as a tool for manipulating domesticated crops for thousands of years. However, only within the past thirty years have studies begun to elucidate the underlying molecular features of SI. The specific S-determinants and some modifier factors controlling SI have been identified in the sporophytic system exhibited by Brassica species and in the two very distinct gametophytic systems present in Papaveraceae on one side and in Solanaceae, Rosaceae, and Plantaginaceae on the other. Molecular level studies have enabled SI to SC transitions (and vice versa) to be intentionally manipulated using marker assisted breeding and targeted approaches based on transgene integration, silencing, and more recently CRISPR knock-out of SI-related factors. These scientific advances have, in turn, provided a solid basis to implement new crop production and plant breeding practices. Applications of self-(in)compatibility include widely differing objectives such as crop yield and quality improvement, marker-assisted breeding through SI genotyping, and development of hybrids for overcoming intra- and interspecific reproductive barriers. Here, we review scientific progress as well as patented applications of SI, and also highlight future prospects including further elucidation of SI systems, deepening our understanding of SI-environment relationships, and new perspectives on plant self/non-self recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Zuriaga
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Felipe Cruz-García
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruce McClure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Carlos Romero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universitat Politécnica de València (UPV), Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carlos Romero,
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11
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Wang Y, Zuo ZT, Huang HY, Wang YZ. Original plant traceability of Dendrobium species using multi-spectroscopy fusion and mathematical models. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190399. [PMID: 31218070 PMCID: PMC6549973 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium is the largest genus of orchids most of which have excellent medicinal properties. Fresh stems of some species have been consumed in daily life by Asians for thousands of years. However, there are differences in flavour and clinical efficacy among different species. Therefore, it is necessary for a detector to establish an effective and rapid method controlling botanical origins of these crude materials. In our study, three spectroscopies including mid-infrared (MIR) (transmission and reflection mode) and near-infrared (NIR) spectra were investigated for authentication of 12 Dendrobium species. Generally, two fusion strategies, reflection MIR and NIR spectra, were combined with three mathematical models (random forest, support vector machine with grid search (SVM-GS) and partial least-squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA)) for discrimination analysis. In conclusion, a low-level fusion strategy comprising two spectra after pretreated by the second derivative and multiplicative scatter correction was recommended for discrimination analysis because of its excellent performance in three models. Compared with MIR spectra, NIR spectra were more responsible for the discrimination according to a bi-plot analysis of PLS-DA. Moreover, SVM-GS and PLS-DA were suitable for accurate discrimination (100% accuracy rates) of calibration and validation sets. The protocol combined with low-level fusion strategy and chemometrics provides a rapid and effective reference for control of botanical origins in crude Dendrobium materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Tian Zuo
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Yu Huang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Heng-Yu Huang e-mail:
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Yuan-Zhong Wang e-mail:
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12
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Cai G, Del Duca S. Pollen Tube and Plant Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030531. [PMID: 30691221 PMCID: PMC6387144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollen tube was a fundamental step forward in the evolution of terrestrial plants; in fact, it allowed plants to liberate themselves from water demand during reproduction [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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