1
|
Priya, Yadav N, Anand S, Banerjee J, Tripathi M, Chandra PS, Dixit AB. The multifaceted role of Wnt canonical signalling in neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, and hyperexcitability in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 2024; 251:109942. [PMID: 38570066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterised by unprovoked, repetitive seizures caused by abnormal neuronal firing. The Wnt/β-Catenin signalling pathway is involved in seizure-induced neurogenesis, aberrant neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, and hyperexcitability associated with epileptic disorder. Wnt/β-Catenin signalling is crucial for early brain development processes including neuronal patterning, synapse formation, and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) regulation. Disruption of molecular networks such as Wnt/β-catenin signalling in epilepsy could offer encouraging anti-epileptogenic targets. So, with a better understanding of the canonical Wnt/-Catenin pathway, we highlight in this review the important elements of Wnt/-Catenin signalling specifically in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE) for potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya
- Dr. B.R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Yadav
- Dr. B.R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sneha Anand
- Dr. B.R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - P Sarat Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Waris A, Ullah A, Asim M, Ullah R, Rajdoula MR, Bello ST, Alhumaydhi FA. Phytotherapeutic options for the treatment of epilepsy: pharmacology, targets, and mechanism of action. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1403232. [PMID: 38855752 PMCID: PMC11160429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1403232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common, severe, chronic, potentially life-shortening neurological disorders, characterized by a persisting predisposition to generate seizures. It affects more than 60 million individuals globally, which is one of the major burdens in seizure-related mortality, comorbidities, disabilities, and cost. Different treatment options have been used for the management of epilepsy. More than 30 drugs have been approved by the US FDA against epilepsy. However, one-quarter of epileptic individuals still show resistance to the current medications. About 90% of individuals in low and middle-income countries do not have access to the current medication. In these countries, plant extracts have been used to treat various diseases, including epilepsy. These medicinal plants have high therapeutic value and contain valuable phytochemicals with diverse biomedical applications. Epilepsy is a multifactorial disease, and therefore, multitarget approaches such as plant extracts or extracted phytochemicals are needed, which can target multiple pathways. Numerous plant extracts and phytochemicals have been shown to treat epilepsy in various animal models by targeting various receptors, enzymes, and metabolic pathways. These extracts and phytochemicals could be used for the treatment of epilepsy in humans in the future; however, further research is needed to study the exact mechanism of action, toxicity, and dosage to reduce their side effects. In this narrative review, we comprehensively summarized the extracts of various plant species and purified phytochemicals isolated from plants, their targets and mechanism of action, and dosage used in various animal models against epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ata Ullah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Department of Neurosciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health (CRMH), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rafi Ullah
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Md. Rafe Rajdoula
- Department of Neurosciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen Temitayo Bello
- Department of Neurosciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health (CRMH), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen F, Dong X, Wang Z, Wu T, Wei L, Li Y, Zhang K, Ma Z, Tian C, Li J, Zhao J, Zhang W, Liu A, Shen H. Regulation of specific abnormal calcium signals in the hippocampal CA1 and primary cortex M1 alleviates the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:425-433. [PMID: 37488907 PMCID: PMC10503629 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological dysfunction syndrome that is refractory, resistant to antiepileptic drugs, and has a high recurrence rate. The pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy is complex and is not fully understood. Intracellular calcium dynamics have been implicated in temporal lobe epilepsy. However, the effect of fluctuating calcium activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons on temporal lobe epilepsy is unknown, and no longitudinal studies have investigated calcium activity in pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and primary motor cortex M1 of freely moving mice. In this study, we used a multi-channel fiber photometry system to continuously record calcium signals in CA1 and M1 during the temporal lobe epilepsy process. We found that calcium signals varied according to the grade of temporal lobe epilepsy episodes. In particular, cortical spreading depression, which has recently been frequently used to represent the continuously and substantially increased calcium signals, was found to correspond to complex and severe behavioral characteristics of temporal lobe epilepsy ranging from grade II to grade V. However, vigorous calcium oscillations and highly synchronized calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were strongly related to convulsive motor seizures. Chemogenetic inhibition of pyramidal neurons in CA1 significantly attenuated the amplitudes of the calcium signals corresponding to grade I episodes. In addition, the latency of cortical spreading depression was prolonged, and the above-mentioned abnormal calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were also significantly reduced. Intriguingly, it was possible to rescue the altered intracellular calcium dynamics. Via simultaneous analysis of calcium signals and epileptic behaviors, we found that the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy was alleviated when specific calcium signals were reduced, and that the end-point behaviors of temporal lobe epilepsy were improved. Our results indicate that the calcium dynamic between CA1 and M1 may reflect specific epileptic behaviors corresponding to different grades. Furthermore, the selective regulation of abnormal calcium signals in CA1 pyramidal neurons appears to effectively alleviate temporal lobe epilepsy, thereby providing a potential molecular mechanism for a new temporal lobe epilepsy diagnosis and treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhuan Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongrui Wu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liangpeng Wei
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zengguang Ma
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Aili Liu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Diaz-Villegas V, Pichardo-Macías LA, Juárez-Méndez S, Ignacio-Mejía I, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Vargas-Hernández MA, Mendoza-Torreblanca JG, Zamudio SR. Changes in the Dentate Gyrus Gene Expression Profile Induced by Levetiracetam Treatment in Rats with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1690. [PMID: 38338984 PMCID: PMC10855401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common forms of focal epilepsy. Levetiracetam (LEV) is an antiepileptic drug whose mechanism of action at the genetic level has not been fully described. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the relevant gene expression changes in the dentate gyrus (DG) of LEV-treated rats with pilocarpine-induced TLE. Whole-transcriptome microarrays were used to obtain the differential genetic profiles of control (CTRL), epileptic (EPI), and EPI rats treated for one week with LEV (EPI + LEV). Quantitative RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the RNA levels of the genes of interest. According to the results of the EPI vs. CTRL analysis, 685 genes were differentially expressed, 355 of which were underexpressed and 330 of which were overexpressed. According to the analysis of the EPI + LEV vs. EPI groups, 675 genes were differentially expressed, 477 of which were downregulated and 198 of which were upregulated. A total of 94 genes whose expression was altered by epilepsy and modified by LEV were identified. The RT-qPCR confirmed that LEV treatment reversed the increased expression of Hgf mRNA and decreased the expression of the Efcab1, Adam8, Slc24a1, and Serpinb1a genes in the DG. These results indicate that LEV could be involved in nonclassical mechanisms involved in Ca2+ homeostasis and the regulation of the mTOR pathway through Efcab1, Hgf, SLC24a1, Adam8, and Serpinb1a, contributing to reduced hyperexcitability in TLE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Diaz-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (V.D.-V.); (L.A.P.-M.)
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Luz Adriana Pichardo-Macías
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (V.D.-V.); (L.A.P.-M.)
| | - Sergio Juárez-Méndez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Iván Ignacio-Mejía
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, Mexico City 11200, Mexico;
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Subdirección de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Marco Antonio Vargas-Hernández
- Subdirección de Investigación, Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, Mexico City 11200, Mexico;
| | | | - Sergio R. Zamudio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (V.D.-V.); (L.A.P.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rubio C, Gallardo N, Mena V, Portilla A, Rubio-Osornio M. The Participation of Ca 2+ Channels in Epilepsy: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Scientific Literature in Latin America. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:784-790. [PMID: 37202887 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230518115952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bibliometric analysis allows us to quantify and evaluate scientific activity, and it has become increasingly important in all areas of scientific literature. Thanks to these analyses, we can infer where science should put greater efforts into elucidating the underlying mechanisms of diseases that have yet to be fully described or investigated. OBJECTIVE This paper delves into published articles related to the involvement of calcium (Ca2+) channels in epilepsy, which is a condition with a high prevalence in Latin America. METHODS We followed the scientific publication on SCOPUS and analyzed the impact of publications from Latin America in the field of epilepsy and the study of Ca2+ channels. We identified the countries with the largest number of publications and found that 68% of them were experimental (animal models), while 32% were clinical. We also identified the main journals, growth over time, and citation numbers. RESULTS We found a total of 226 works produced by Latin American countries from 1976 to 2022. The countries that have contributed the most to the topic are Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina, with occasional collaborations between them to make contributions to the study of epilepsy and Ca2+ channels. Additionally, we found that the journal with the most citations is Nature Genetics. CONCLUSION The number of authors per article ranges from 1 to 242, and neuroscience journals are the preferred target for researchers, with a predilection for publishing original articles, although 26% of the publications are review articles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rubio
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS" Ciudad de México, México
| | - Noel Gallardo
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS" Ciudad de México, México
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Medicina, Puebla. Mexico
| | - Vanessa Mena
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS" Ciudad de México, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Unidad Valle Dorado, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Baja California, México
| | - Alonso Portilla
- Departamento de Neurofisiología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS" Ciudad de México, México
| | - Moisés Rubio-Osornio
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "MVS" Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo R, Pang J, Zhao J, Xiao X, Li J, Li J, Wang W, Zhou S, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Chen H, Yuan T, Wu S, Liu Z. Unveiling the neuroprotective potential of dietary polysaccharides: a systematic review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1299117. [PMID: 38075226 PMCID: PMC10702503 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1299117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders present a growing and costly global health challenge, accounting for over 11% of the diseases burden in high-income countries. Despite current treatments, patients often experience persistent symptoms that significantly affect their quality of life. Dietary polysaccharides have garnered attention for their potential as interventions for CNS disorders due to their diverse mechanisms of action, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Through an analysis of research articles published between January 5, 2013 and August 30, 2023, encompassing the intervention effects of dietary polysaccharides on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and stroke, we have conducted a comprehensive review with the aim of elucidating the role and mechanisms of dietary polysaccharides in various CNS diseases, spanning neurodegenerative, psychiatric, neurodevelopmental disorders, and neurological dysfunctions. At least four categories of mechanistic bases are included in the dietary polysaccharides' intervention against CNS disease, which involves oxidative stress reduction, neuronal production, metabolic regulation, and gut barrier integrity. Notably, the ability of dietary polysaccharides to resist oxidation and modulate gut microbiota not only helps to curb the development of these diseases at an early stage, but also holds promise for the development of novel therapeutic agents for CNS diseases. In conclusion, this comprehensive review strives to advance therapeutic strategies for CNS disorders by elucidating the potential of dietary polysaccharides and advocating interdisciplinary collaboration to propel further research in this realm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxi Pang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhe Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingmeng Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongwang Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shan Wu
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Research and Development Center, Xi'an Yinqiao Dairy Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kaur S, Sehrawat A, Mastana SS, Kandimalla R, Sharma PK, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Targeting calcium homeostasis and impaired inter-organelle crosstalk as a potential therapeutic approach in Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 2023; 330:121995. [PMID: 37541578 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Current therapeutic strategies for PD are limited and mainly involve symptomatic relief, with no available treatment for the underlying causes of the disease. Therefore, there is a need for new therapeutic approaches that target the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of PD. Calcium homeostasis is an essential process for maintaining proper cellular function and survival, including neuronal cells. Calcium dysregulation is also observed in various organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and lysosomes, resulting in organelle dysfunction and impaired inter-organelle communication. The ER, as the primary calcium reservoir, is responsible for folding proteins and maintaining calcium homeostasis, and its dysregulation can lead to protein misfolding and neurodegeneration. The crosstalk between ER and mitochondrial calcium signaling is disrupted in PD, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. In addition, a lethal network of calcium cytotoxicity utilizes mitochondria, ER and lysosome to destroy neurons. This review article focused on the complex role of calcium dysregulation and its role in aggravating functioning of organelles in PD so as to provide new insight into therapeutic strategies for treating this disease. Targeting dysfunctional organelles, such as the ER and mitochondria and lysosomes and whole network of calcium dyshomeostasis can restore proper calcium homeostasis and improve neuronal function. Additionally targeting calcium dyshomeostasis that arises from miscommunication between several organelles can be targeted so that therapeutic effects of calcium are realised in whole cellular territory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Abhishek Sehrawat
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Borges FS, Protachevicz PR, Souza DLM, Bittencourt CF, Gabrick EC, Bentivoglio LE, Szezech JD, Batista AM, Caldas IL, Dura-Bernal S, Pena RFO. The Roles of Potassium and Calcium Currents in the Bistable Firing Transition. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1347. [PMID: 37759949 PMCID: PMC10527161 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy brains display a wide range of firing patterns, from synchronized oscillations during slow-wave sleep to desynchronized firing during movement. These physiological activities coexist with periods of pathological hyperactivity in the epileptic brain, where neurons can fire in synchronized bursts. Most cortical neurons are pyramidal regular spiking (RS) cells with frequency adaptation and do not exhibit bursts in current-clamp experiments (in vitro). In this work, we investigate the transition mechanism of spike-to-burst patterns due to slow potassium and calcium currents, considering a conductance-based model of a cortical RS cell. The joint influence of potassium and calcium ion channels on high synchronous patterns is investigated for different synaptic couplings (gsyn) and external current inputs (I). Our results suggest that slow potassium currents play an important role in the emergence of high-synchronous activities, as well as in the spike-to-burst firing pattern transitions. This transition is related to the bistable dynamics of the neuronal network, where physiological asynchronous states coexist with pathological burst synchronization. The hysteresis curve of the coefficient of variation of the inter-spike interval demonstrates that a burst can be initiated by firing states with neuronal synchronization. Furthermore, we notice that high-threshold (IL) and low-threshold (IT) ion channels play a role in increasing and decreasing the parameter conditions (gsyn and I) in which bistable dynamics occur, respectively. For high values of IL conductance, a synchronous burst appears when neurons are weakly coupled and receive more external input. On the other hand, when the conductance IT increases, higher coupling and lower I are necessary to produce burst synchronization. In light of our results, we suggest that channel subtype-specific pharmacological interactions can be useful to induce transitions from pathological high bursting states to healthy states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando S. Borges
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo L. M. Souza
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84010-330, Brazil
| | - Conrado F. Bittencourt
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84010-330, Brazil
| | - Enrique C. Gabrick
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84010-330, Brazil
| | - Lucas E. Bentivoglio
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84010-330, Brazil
| | - José D. Szezech
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84010-330, Brazil
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio M. Batista
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84010-330, Brazil
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Iberê L. Caldas
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Salvador Dura-Bernal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Rodrigo F. O. Pena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Borges FS, Protachevicz PR, Souza DLM, Bittencourt CF, Gabrick EC, Bentivoglio LE, Szezech JD, Batista AM, Caldas IL, Dura-Bernal S, Pena RFO. The Role of Potassium and Calcium Currents in the Bistable Firing Transition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.16.553625. [PMID: 37645875 PMCID: PMC10462112 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.16.553625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Healthy brains display a wide range of firing patterns, from synchronized oscillations during slowwave sleep to desynchronized firing during movement. These physiological activities coexist with periods of pathological hyperactivity in the epileptic brain, where neurons can fire in synchronized bursts. Most cortical neurons are pyramidal regular spiking cells (RS) with frequency adaptation and do not exhibit bursts in current-clamp experiments ( in vitro ). In this work, we investigate the transition mechanism of spike-to-burst patterns due to slow potassium and calcium currents, considering a conductance-based model of a cortical RS cell. The joint influence of potassium and calcium ion channels on high synchronous patterns is investigated for different synaptic couplings ( g syn ) and external current inputs ( I ). Our results suggest that slow potassium currents play an important role in the emergence of high-synchronous activities, as well as in the spike-to-burst firing pattern transitions. This transition is related to bistable dynamics of the neuronal network, where physiological asynchronous states coexist with pathological burst synchronization. The hysteresis curve of the coefficient of variation of the inter-spike interval demonstrates that a burst can be initiated by firing states with neuronal synchronization. Furthermore, we notice that high-threshold ( I L ) and low-threshold ( I T ) ion channels play a role in increasing and decreasing the parameter conditions ( g syn and I ) in which bistable dynamics occur, respectively. For high values of I L conductance, a synchronous burst appears when neurons are weakly coupled and receive more external input. On the other hand, when the conductance I T increases, higher coupling and lower I are necessary to produce burst synchronization. In light of our results, we suggest that channel subtype-specific pharmacological interactions can be useful to induce transitions from pathological high bursting states to healthy states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando S Borges
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, 09606-045 São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo L M Souza
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Conrado F Bittencourt
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Enrique C Gabrick
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucas E Bentivoglio
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - José D Szezech
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Antonio M Batista
- Graduate Program in Science, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Iberê L Caldas
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Salvador Dura-Bernal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York, USA
| | - Rodrigo F O Pena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kumar K, Dubey V, Zaidi SS, Tripathi M, Siraj F, Sharma MC, Chandra PS, Doddamani R, Dixit AB, Banerjee J. RNA Sequencing of Intraoperative Peritumoral Tissues Reveals Potential Pathways Involved in Glioma-Related Seizures. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:437-447. [PMID: 37268865 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-induced changes in the peritumoral neocortex play a crucial role in generation of seizures. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms potentially involved in peritumoral epilepsy in low-grade gliomas (LGGs). Intraoperative peritumoral brain tissues resected from LGG patients with seizures (pGRS) or without seizures (pGNS) were used for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Comparative transcriptomics was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pGRS compared to pGNS using deseq2 and edgeR packages (R). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes & Genomes (KEGG) pathways was performed using the clusterProfiler package (R). The expression of key genes was validated at the transcript and protein levels in the peritumoral region using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. A total of 1073 DEGs were identified in pGRS compared to pGNS, of which 559 genes were upregulated and 514 genes were downregulated (log2 fold-change ≥ 2, padj < 0.001). The DEGs in pGRS were highly enriched in the "Glutamatergic Synapse" and "Spliceosome" pathways, with increased expression of GRIN2A (NR2A), GRIN2B (NR2B), GRIA1 (GLUR1), GRIA3 (GLUR3), GRM5, CACNA1C, CACNA1A, and ITPR2. Moreover, increased immunoreactivity was observed for NR2A, NR2B, and GLUR1 proteins in the peritumoral tissues of GRS. These findings suggest that altered glutamatergic signaling and perturbed Ca2+ homeostasis may be potential causes of peritumoral epilepsy in gliomas. This explorative study identifies important genes/pathways that merit further characterization for their potential involvement in glioma-related seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Dubey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Syeda S Zaidi
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | | | - Fouzia Siraj
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Aparna Banerjee Dixit
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Jyotirmoy Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Anwar MJ, Alenezi SK, Alhowail AH. Molecular insights into the pathogenic impact of vitamin D deficiency in neurological disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114718. [PMID: 37084561 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the major cause of disability, leading to a decrease in quality of life by impairing cognitive, sensorimotor, and motor functioning. Several factors have been proposed in the pathogenesis of neurobehavioral changes, including nutritional, environmental, and genetic predisposition. Vitamin D (VD) is an environmental and nutritional factor that is widely distributed in the central nervous system's subcortical grey matter, neurons of the substantia nigra, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus. It is implicated in the regulation of several brain functions by preserving neuronal structures. It is a hormone rather than a nutritional vitamin that exerts a regulatory role in the pathophysiology of several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis. A growing body of epidemiological evidence suggests that VD is critical in neuronal development and shows neuroprotective effects by influencing the production and release of neurotrophins, antioxidants, immunomodulatory, regulation of intracellular calcium balance, and direct effect on the growth and differentiation of nerve cells. This review provides up-to-date and comprehensive information on vitamin D deficiency, risk factors, and clinical and preclinical evidence on its relationship with neurological disorders. Furthermore, this review provides mechanistic insight into the implications of vitamin D and its deficiency on the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Thus, an understanding of the crucial role of vitamin D in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative disorders can assist in the better management of vitamin D-deficient individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Jamir Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sattam Khulaif Alenezi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmad Hamad Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Meng Y, Geng G, Ren Y, Zhang H, Gao Z, Liu Y, Shi J. Long-Term Outcome of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Therapy in Children With New-Onset Infantile Spasms. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 143:100-105. [PMID: 37060643 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate for pretreatment clinical variables to predict the outcome of new-onset epileptic spasms after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy and to identify risk factors for poor long-term outcome. METHODS We retrospectively studied 129 consecutive patients with infantile spasms syndrome (ISS). These patients received ACTH with antiseizure medication therapy for the first time and were regularly followed up for more than six months at our hospital. The response to treatment was assessed after two weeks of ACTH injection. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model were used. RESULTS Among the 129 patients, 61 (47.3%) had a good response after two weeks of ACTH treatment. At the time of the latest follow-up, 71 (55%) patients were seizure-free (International League Against Epilepsy class1). The univariate analysis revealed that normal neurodevelopment (P = 0.018), time lag of less than one month (P = 0.026), no hypsarrhythmia on EEG (P = 0.004), and serum calcium level ≥2.50 mmol/L (P = 0.035) were significantly associated with a good response. Only a good response to ACTH therapy was significantly associated with a positive long-term outcome. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that serum calcium level ≧2.50 mmol/L was significantly associated with a positive long-term outcome (P = 0.030). Multivariate analysis confirmed that no response to ACTH therapy was an independent variable that predicted long-term seizure recurrence (P < 0.001, hazard ratio = 4.602, confidence interval = 2.252 to 9.406). CONCLUSIONS A good response to ACTH therapy had a significant predictive value for long-term seizure outcomes. Calcium may play an important role in the treatment of ISS with ACTH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Meng
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China; Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China
| | - Guifu Geng
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China; Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China
| | - Ying Ren
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China
| | - Zaifen Gao
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China
| | - Jianguo Shi
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China; Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, ShanDong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaewman P, Nudmamud-Thanoi S, Thongleart J, Charoenlappanit S, Roytrakul S, Thanoi S. Differential protein expression of GABA A receptor alpha 1 subunit and calbindin in rat spermatozoa associated with proteomic analysis in testis following methamphetamine administration. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0273888. [PMID: 36598915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) can induce spermatogenesis impairment, testicular apoptosis, and abnormal sperm quality. It also promotes changes in the expression of receptors for sex hormones and neurotransmitters, including GABA receptors in the testis. Proteomic assessment focusing on proteins involved in the calcium signalling pathway in the testis can facilitate diagnostic factors contributing to testicular and sperm functions, especially those related to spermatogenesis and fertilisation. In this study, we proposed to determine the localisation and differential expression of GABA A receptor alpha 1 subunit (GABA A-α1) in the spermatozoa of METH-administered rats. The differential proteomic profile of the testis was also observed by focusing on proteins in the KEGG pathways belonging to the calcium signalling pathway. There were 212 differentially expressed proteins in the rat testis, based on the cut-off value of 1.2-fold change. Most of those proteins, 13 proteins, were classified in the calcium signalling pathway, including 4 down-regulated and 9 up-regulated proteins. An immunolocalisation study of the GABA A-α1 receptor and calbindin revealed their localisation in the equatorial segment of the head in the rat spermatozoa. The expression of calbindin is also found in the middle piece of sperm. An increase in GABA A-α1 receptor in rat spermatozoa was correlated with an increase in abnormal sperm motility and morphology after methamphetamine exposure. Moreover, calbindin expression in sperm decreased in METH-administered rats. All our findings demonstrate that METH influences intracellular calcium homeostasis by acting through the calcium signalling pathway-associated proteins. Moreover, it might disrupt ion homeostasis in sperm through the GABA A-α1 receptor and calbindin, triggering a change in intracellular calcium and chloride ions. These changes may cause abnormalities in spermatogenesis, testicular apoptosis, and sperm quality impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweena Kaewman
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sutisa Nudmamud-Thanoi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Jitnapar Thongleart
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sawanya Charoenlappanit
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Samur Thanoi
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Keimasi M, Salehifard K, Keimasi M, Amirsadri M, Esfahani NMJ, Moradmand M, Esmaeili F, Mofid MR. Alleviation of cognitive deficits in a rat model of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, using an N-type voltage-gated calcium channel ligand, extracted from Agelena labyrinthica crude venom. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1123343. [PMID: 36873105 PMCID: PMC9981952 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1123343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is a common pathological process in Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is caused by the over-activity of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDARs). The release of neurotransmitters depends on the activity of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). Hyper-stimulation of NMDARs can enhance the releasement of neurotransmitters through the VGCCs. This malfunction of channels can be blocked by selective and potent N-type VGCCs ligand. Under excitotoxicity condition, glutamate has negative effects on the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, which ends in synaptic loss and elimination of these cells. These events leads to learning and memory elimination through the hippocampus circuit's dysfunction. A suitable ligand has a high affinity to receptor or channel and is selective for its target. The bioactive small proteins of venom have these characteristics. Therefore, peptides and small proteins of animal venom are precious sources for pharmacological applications. The omega-agatoxin-Aa2a was purified, and identified from Agelena labyrinthica specimens, as an N-type VGCCs ligand for this study. The effect of the omega-agatoxin-Aa2a on the glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rats was evaluated through behavioral tests including Morris Water Maze, and Passive avoidance. The syntaxin1A (SY1A), synaptotagmin1 (SYT1), and synaptophysin (SYN) genes expression were measured via Real-Time PCR. The local expression of synaptosomal-associated protein, 25 k Da (SNAP-25) was visualized using an immunofluorescence assay for synaptic quantification. Electrophysiological amplitude of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in the input-output and LTP curves of mossy fiber were recorded. The cresyl violet staining of hippocampus sections was performed for the groups. Our results demonstrated that the omega-agatoxin-Aa2a treatment could recover the learning, and memory impairment caused by NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in rat hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Keimasi
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kowsar Salehifard
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadjavad Keimasi
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Amirsadri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Mirshah Jafar Esfahani
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Moradmand
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariba Esmaeili
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mofid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zavala-Tecuapetla C, Luna-Munguia H, López-Meraz ML, Cuellar-Herrera M. Advances and Challenges of Cannabidiol as an Anti-Seizure Strategy: Preclinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416181. [PMID: 36555823 PMCID: PMC9783044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Cannabis for medicinal purposes has been documented since ancient times, where one of its principal cannabinoids extracted from Cannabis sativa, cannabidiol (CBD), has emerged over the last few years as a promising molecule with anti-seizure potential. Here, we present an overview of recent literature pointing out CBD's pharmacological profile (solubility, metabolism, drug-drug interactions, etc.,), CBD's interactions with multiple molecular targets as well as advances in preclinical research concerning its anti-seizure effect on both acute seizure models and chronic models of epilepsy. We also highlight the recent attention that has been given to other natural cannabinoids and to synthetic derivatives of CBD as possible compounds with therapeutic anti-seizure potential. All the scientific research reviewed here encourages to continue to investigate the probable therapeutic efficacy of CBD and its related compounds not only in epilepsy but also and specially in drug-resistant epilepsy, since there is a dire need for new and effective drugs to treat this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Zavala-Tecuapetla
- Laboratory of Physiology of Reticular Formation, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Hiram Luna-Munguia
- Departamento de Neurobiologia Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - María-Leonor López-Meraz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cerebrales, Universidad Veracruzana, Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa 91190, Mexico
| | - Manola Cuellar-Herrera
- Epilepsy Clinic, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Dr. Balmis 148, Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lima LSD, Loyola V, Bicca JVML, Faro L, Vale CLC, Lotufo Denucci B, Mortari MR. Innovative treatments for epilepsy: Venom peptides, cannabinoids, and neurostimulation. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1969-1986. [PMID: 35934922 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs have been successfully treating epilepsy and providing individuals sustained seizure freedom. However, about 30% of the patients with epilepsy present drug resistance, which means they are not responsive to the pharmacological treatment. Considering this, it becomes extremely relevant to pursue alternative therapeutic approaches, in order to provide appropriate treatment for those patients and also improve their quality of life. In the light of that, this review aims to discuss some innovative options for the treatment of epilepsy, which are currently under investigation, addressing strategies that go from therapeutic compounds to clinical procedures. For instance, peptides derived from animal venoms, such as wasps, spiders, and scorpions, demonstrate to be promising antiepileptic molecules, acting on a variety of targets. Other options are cannabinoids and compounds that modulate the endocannabinoid system, since it is now known that this network is involved in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Furthermore, neurostimulation is another strategy, being an alternative clinical procedure for drug-resistant patients who are not eligible for palliative surgeries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Silva de Lima
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Loyola
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - João Victor Montenegro Luzardo Bicca
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Faro
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Camilla Lepesqueur Costa Vale
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lotufo Denucci
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Márcia Renata Mortari
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Emerging roles of endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis in brain development. Cells Dev 2022; 170:203781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2022.203781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Bai YF, Zeng C, Jia M, Xiao B. Molecular mechanisms of topiramate and its clinical value in epilepsy. Seizure 2022; 98:51-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
19
|
Mattis J, Somarowthu A, Goff KM, Jiang E, Yom J, Sotuyo N, Mcgarry LM, Feng H, Kaneko K, Goldberg EM. Corticohippocampal circuit dysfunction in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. eLife 2022; 11:e69293. [PMID: 35212623 PMCID: PMC8920506 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder due to pathogenic variants in SCN1A encoding the Nav1.1 sodium channel subunit, characterized by treatment-resistant epilepsy, temperature-sensitive seizures, developmental delay/intellectual disability with features of autism spectrum disorder, and increased risk of sudden death. Convergent data suggest hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) pathology in DS (Scn1a+/-) mice. We performed two-photon calcium imaging in brain slice to uncover a profound dysfunction of filtering of perforant path input by DG in young adult Scn1a+/- mice. This was not due to dysfunction of DG parvalbumin inhibitory interneurons (PV-INs), which were only mildly impaired at this timepoint; however, we identified enhanced excitatory input to granule cells, suggesting that circuit dysfunction is due to excessive excitation rather than impaired inhibition. We confirmed that both optogenetic stimulation of entorhinal cortex and selective chemogenetic inhibition of DG PV-INs lowered seizure threshold in vivo in young adult Scn1a+/- mice. Optogenetic activation of PV-INs, on the other hand, normalized evoked responses in granule cells in vitro. These results establish the corticohippocampal circuit as a key locus of pathology in Scn1a+/- mice and suggest that PV-INs retain powerful inhibitory function and may be harnessed as a potential therapeutic approach toward seizure modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mattis
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Ala Somarowthu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Kevin M Goff
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Evan Jiang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jina Yom
- College of Arts and Sciences, The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Nathaniel Sotuyo
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Laura M Mcgarry
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Huijie Feng
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Keisuke Kaneko
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Ethan M Goldberg
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang X, Liao Q, Chen H, Gong G, Siu SWI, Chen Q, Kam H, Ung COL, Cheung KK, Rádis-Baptista G, Wong CTT, Lee SMY. Toxic Peptide From Palythoa caribaeorum Acting on the TRPV1 Channel Prevents Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Epilepsy in Zebrafish Larvae. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:763089. [PMID: 34925021 PMCID: PMC8672801 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.763089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PcActx peptide, identified from the transcriptome of zoantharian Palythoa caribaeorum, was clustered into the phylogeny of analgesic polypeptides from sea anemone Heteractis crispa (known as APHC peptides). APHC peptides were considered as inhibitors of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1). TRPV1 is a calcium-permeable channel expressed in epileptic brain areas, serving as a potential target for preventing epileptic seizures. Through in silico and in vitro analysis, PcActx peptide was shown to be a potential TRPV1 channel blocker. In vivo studies showed that the linear and oxidized PcActx peptides caused concentration-dependent increases in mortality of zebrafish larvae. However, monotreatment with PcActx peptides below the maximum tolerated doses (MTD) did not affect locomotor behavior. Moreover, PcActx peptides (both linear and oxidized forms) could effectively reverse pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure-related behavior in zebrafish larvae and prevent overexpression of c-fos and npas4a at the mRNA level. The excessive production of ROS induced by PTZ was markedly attenuated by both linear and oxidized PcActx peptides. It was also verified that the oxidized PcActx peptide was more effective than the linear one. In particular, oxidized PcActx peptide notably modulated the mRNA expression of genes involved in calcium signaling and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic-glutamatergic signaling, including calb1, calb2, gabra1, grm1, gria1b, grin2b, gat1, slc1a2b, gad1b, and glsa. Taken together, PcActx peptide, as a novel neuroactive peptide, exhibits prominent anti-epileptic activity, probably through modulating calcium signaling and GABAergic-glutamatergic signaling, and is a promising candidate for epilepsy management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiufen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Qiwen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Guiyi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Shirley Weng In Siu
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hiotong Kam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Kwok-Kuen Cheung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gandhi Rádis-Baptista
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Clarence Tsun Ting Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guo L, Du QQ, Cheng PQ, Yang TT, Xing CQ, Luo XZ, Peng XC, Qian F, Huang JR, Tang FR. Neuroprotective Effects of Lycium barbarum Berry on Neurobehavioral Changes and Neuronal Loss in the Hippocampus of Mice Exposed to Acute Ionizing Radiation. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211057768. [PMID: 34887716 PMCID: PMC8649475 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211057768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brain exposure to ionizing radiation during the
radiotherapy of brain tumor or metastasis of peripheral cancer cells to the
brain has resulted in cognitive dysfunction by reducing neurogenesis in
hippocampus. The water extract of Lycium barbarum berry (Lyc),
containing water-soluble Lycium barbarum polysaccharides and
flavonoids, can protect the neuronal injury by reducing oxidative stress and
suppressing neuroinflammation. Reseach Design: To demonstrate the long-term radioprotective effect
of Lyc, we evaluated the neurobehavioral alterations and the numbers of NeuN,
calbindin (CB), and parvalbumin (PV) immunopositive hippocampal neurons in
BALB/c mice after acute 5.5 Gy radiation with/without oral administration of Lyc
at the dosage of 10 g/kg daily for 4 weeks. Results: The results showed that Lyc could improve
irradiation-induced animal weight loss, depressive behaviors, spatial memory
impairment, and hippocampal neuron loss. Immunohistochemistry study demonstrated
that the loss of NeuN-immunopositive neuron in the hilus of the dentate gyrus,
CB-immunopositive neuron in CA1 strata radiatum, lacunosum moleculare and
oriens, and PV-positive neuron in CA1 stratum pyramidum and stratum granulosum
of the dentate gyrus after irradiation were significantly improved by Lyc
treatment. Conclusion: The neuroprotective effect of Lyc on those hippocampal
neurons may benefit the configuration of learning related neuronal networks and
then improve radiation induced neurobehavioral changes such as cognitive
impairment and depression. It suggests that Lycium
barbarum berry may be an alternative food supplement to prevent
radiation-induced neuron loss and neuropsychological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Du
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Piao-Qin Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chao-Qun Xing
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xue-Zhi Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Rong Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Feng-Ru Tang
- Radiation Physiology Laboratory, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu J, Sun M, Wang Y, Xie A, Gao J. Identification of Hub Genes of Mesio Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Prognostic Biomarkers of Brain Low-grade Gliomas Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720978722. [PMID: 33327771 PMCID: PMC7873767 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720978722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesio temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) syndrome is the most common form of intractable epilepsies. Meanwhile, seizures are common in patients with cancer as a consequence of brain tumors, including brain low-grade gliomas (LGG). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of MTLE remain poorly understood. Also, the relationship between MTLE and LGG needs our attention. In this study, we aimed to investigate the hub genes and potential mechanism in MTLE, and the relationship between MTLE and LGG, the gene expression profiles (GSE88992) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Difference analysis for MTLE versus control groups under the three time points was conducted to select the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Time series clustering analysis was used to select the trend genes. Then a series of bioinformatics analyses including functional enrichment analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and module analyses, and transcription factor (TF) and miRNA prediction were performed. Also, the overall survival analysis and expression of hub genes in LGG were performed using UALCAN from TCGA database. At 6 h, there were 351 upregulated and 80 downregulated DEGs. At 12 h, there were 499 upregulated and 231 downregulated DEGs. Additionally, 532 upregulated and 402 downregulated DEGs were obtained at 24 h. After time series clustering analysis of the DEGs, we obtained 323 uptrend and 248 downtrend genes. We identified 10 key genes with higher degrees, including C3, TIMP1, PENK, CKAP4, etc. Five PPI modules were identified by MCODE. TF analysis predicted four TFs: JUN, STAT3, NR4A2, and Myc. A total of 26,834 miRNA–mRNA pairs were predicted. Moreover, survival analysis of UALCAN suggested that C3, TIMP1, PENK, GNG2, CKAP4, TNC, JUN, STAT3, NR4A2, and Myc can be potential biomarkers for the prognosis of LGG. In summary, DEGs and hub genes were identified in the present study, which provides novel insight into the development of MTLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingqiang Sun
- Department of Clinical Lab, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Pediatric, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mele M, Vieira R, Correia B, De Luca P, Duarte FV, Pinheiro PS, Duarte CB. Transient incubation of cultured hippocampal neurons in the absence of magnesium induces rhythmic and synchronized epileptiform-like activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11374. [PMID: 34059735 PMCID: PMC8167095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell culture models are important tools to study epileptogenesis mechanisms. The aim of this work was to characterize the spontaneous and synchronized rhythmic activity developed by cultured hippocampal neurons after transient incubation in zero Mg2+ to model Status Epilepticus. Cultured hippocampal neurons were transiently incubated with a Mg2+-free solution and the activity of neuronal networks was evaluated using single cell calcium imaging and whole-cell current clamp recordings. Here we report the development of synchronized and spontaneous [Ca2+]i transients in cultured hippocampal neurons immediately after transient incubation in a Mg2+-free solution. Spontaneous and synchronous [Ca2+]i oscillations were observed when the cells were then incubated in the presence of Mg2+. Functional studies also showed that transient incubation in Mg2+-free medium induces neuronal rhythmic burst activity that was prevented by antagonists of glutamate receptors. In conclusion, we report the development of epileptiform-like activity, characterized by spontaneous and synchronized discharges, in cultured hippocampal neurons transiently incubated in the absence of Mg2+. This model will allow studying synaptic alterations contributing to the hyperexcitability that underlies the development of seizures and will be useful in pharmacological studies for testing new drugs for the treatment of epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Mele
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Vieira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Correia
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pasqualino De Luca
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipe V Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo S Pinheiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Quantitative proteomic analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2021; 174:106674. [PMID: 34029912 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is a great need for biomarkers in epilepsy, particularly markers of epileptogenesis. A first seizure will lead to epilepsy in 20-45 % of cases, but biomarkers that can identify these individuals are missing. The purpose of this study was to identify potential biomarkers of epilepsy/epileptogenesis in a cohort of adults with new-onset seizures, using quantitative proteomic analysis. Plasma was collected from 55 adults with new-onset seizures and sufficient follow-up to identify epilepsy. After a follow up period of two years, 63.6 % of the cohort had a diagnosis of epilepsy, whereas 36.4 % of patients only had a single seizure. Plasma proteins were extracted and labelled with tandem mass tags, then analyzed using mass spectrometry approach. Proteins that were up- or downregulated by ≥20 % and with a p-value of <0.05 were considered as differentially expressed and were also annotated to their processes and pathways. Several proteins were differentially expressed in the epilepsy group compared to controls. A total of 1075 proteins were detected, out of which 41 proteins were found to be significantly dysregulated in epilepsy patients. Many of these have been identified in experimental studies of epilepogenesis. We report plasma proteome profiling in new-onset epilepsy in a pilot study with 55 individuals. The identified proteins could be involved in pathways associated with epileptogenesis. The results should be seen as hypothesis-generating and targeted, confirmatory studies are needed.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kelemen K, Szilágyi T. New Approach for Untangling the Role of Uncommon Calcium-Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System. Brain Sci 2021. [PMID: 34069107 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050634ht] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Ca2+ ion plays an essential role in cellular physiology, calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) were long used for mainly as immunohistochemical markers of specific cell types in different regions of the central nervous system. They are a heterogeneous and wide-ranging group of proteins. Their function was studied intensively in the last two decades and a tremendous amount of information was gathered about them. Girard et al. compiled a comprehensive list of the gene-expression profiles of the entire EF-hand gene superfamily in the murine brain. We selected from this database those CaBPs which are related to information processing and/or neuronal signalling, have a Ca2+-buffer activity, Ca2+-sensor activity, modulator of Ca2+-channel activity, or a yet unknown function. In this way we created a gene function-based selection of the CaBPs. We cross-referenced these findings with publicly available, high-quality RNA-sequencing and in situ hybridization databases (Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Brain RNA-seq database and Allen Brain Atlas integrated into the HPA) and created gene expression heat maps of the regional and cell type-specific expression levels of the selected CaBPs. This represents a useful tool to predict and investigate different expression patterns and functions of the less-known CaBPs of the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Kelemen
- Department of Physiology, Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Tibor Szilágyi
- Department of Physiology, Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kelemen K, Szilágyi T. New Approach for Untangling the Role of Uncommon Calcium-Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050634. [PMID: 34069107 PMCID: PMC8156796 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Ca2+ ion plays an essential role in cellular physiology, calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) were long used for mainly as immunohistochemical markers of specific cell types in different regions of the central nervous system. They are a heterogeneous and wide-ranging group of proteins. Their function was studied intensively in the last two decades and a tremendous amount of information was gathered about them. Girard et al. compiled a comprehensive list of the gene-expression profiles of the entire EF-hand gene superfamily in the murine brain. We selected from this database those CaBPs which are related to information processing and/or neuronal signalling, have a Ca2+-buffer activity, Ca2+-sensor activity, modulator of Ca2+-channel activity, or a yet unknown function. In this way we created a gene function-based selection of the CaBPs. We cross-referenced these findings with publicly available, high-quality RNA-sequencing and in situ hybridization databases (Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Brain RNA-seq database and Allen Brain Atlas integrated into the HPA) and created gene expression heat maps of the regional and cell type-specific expression levels of the selected CaBPs. This represents a useful tool to predict and investigate different expression patterns and functions of the less-known CaBPs of the central nervous system.
Collapse
|
27
|
Sadanandan N, Saft M, Gonzales-Portillo B, Borlongan CV. Multipronged Attack of Stem Cell Therapy in Treating the Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Epilepsy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:596287. [PMID: 33815100 PMCID: PMC8010689 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.596287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy stands as a life-threatening disease that is characterized by unprovoked seizures. However, an important characteristic of epilepsy that needs to be examined is the neuropsychiatric aspect. Epileptic patients endure aggression, depression, and other psychiatric illnesses. Therapies for epilepsy can be divided into two categories: antiepileptic medications and surgical resection. Antiepileptic drugs are used to attenuate heightened neuronal firing and to lessen seizure frequency. Alternatively, surgery can also be conducted to physically cut out the area of the brain that is assumed to be the root cause for the anomalous firing that triggers seizures. While both treatments serve as viable approaches that aim to regulate seizures and ameliorate the neurological detriments spurred by epilepsy, they do not serve to directly counteract epilepsy's neuropsychiatric traits. To address this concern, a potential new treatment involves the use of stem cells. Stem cell therapy has been employed in experimental models of neurological maladies, such as Parkinson's disease, and neuropsychiatric illnesses like depression. Cell-based treatments for epilepsy utilizing stem cells such as neural stem cells (NSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and interneuron grafts have been explored in preclinical and clinical settings, highlighting both the acute and chronic stages of epilepsy. However, it is difficult to create an animal model to capitalize on all the components of epilepsy due to the challenges in delineating the neuropsychiatric aspect. Therefore, further preclinical investigation into the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy in addressing both the neurological and the neuropsychiatric components of epilepsy is warranted in order to optimize cell dosage, delivery, and timing of cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Indelicato E, Boesch S. From Genotype to Phenotype: Expanding the Clinical Spectrum of CACNA1A Variants in the Era of Next Generation Sequencing. Front Neurol 2021; 12:639994. [PMID: 33737904 PMCID: PMC7960780 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.639994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channel dysfunction is a key pathological substrate of episodic neurological disorders. A classical gene associated to paroxysmal movement disorders is CACNA1A, which codes for the pore-forming subunit of the neuronal calcium channel P/Q. Non-polyglutamine CACNA1A variants underlie familial hemiplegic ataxia type 1 (FHM1) and episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2). Classical paroxysmal manifestations of FHM1 are migraine attacks preceded by motor aura consisting of hemiparesis, aphasia, and disturbances of consciousness until coma. Patients with EA2 suffer of recurrent episodes of vertigo, unbalance, diplopia, and vomiting. Beyond these typical presentations, several reports highlighted manifold clinical features associated with P/Q channelopathies, from chronic progressive cerebellar ataxia to epilepsy and psychiatric disturbances. These manifestations may often outlast the burden of classical episodic symptoms leading to pitfalls in the diagnostic work-up. Lately, the spreading of next generation sequencing techniques linked de novo CACNA1A variants to an even broader phenotypic spectrum including early developmental delay, autism spectrum disorders, epileptic encephalopathy, and early onset paroxysmal dystonia. The age-dependency represents a striking new aspect of these phenotypes und highlights a pivotal role for P/Q channels in the development of the central nervous system in a defined time window. While several reviews addressed the clinical presentation and treatment of FHM1 and EA2, an overview of the newly described age-dependent manifestations is lacking. In this Mini-Review we present a clinical update, delineate genotype-phenotype correlations as well as summarize evidence on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the expanded phenotype associated with CACNA1A variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ca 2+ homeostasis in brain microvascular endothelial cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 362:55-110. [PMID: 34253298 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blood brain barrier (BBB) is formed by the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) lining the wall of brain capillaries. Its integrity is regulated by multiple mechanisms, including up/downregulation of tight junction proteins or adhesion molecules, altered Ca2+ homeostasis, remodeling of cytoskeleton, that are confined at the level of BMVECs. Beside the contribution of BMVECs to BBB permeability changes, other cells, such as pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, leukocytes or neurons, etc. are also exerting direct or indirect modulatory effects on BBB. Alterations in BBB integrity play a key role in multiple brain pathologies, including neurological (e.g. epilepsy) and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis etc.). In this review, the principal Ca2+ signaling pathways in brain microvascular endothelial cells are discussed and their contribution to BBB integrity is emphasized. Improving the knowledge of Ca2+ homeostasis alterations in BMVECa is fundamental to identify new possible drug targets that diminish/prevent BBB permeabilization in neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
30
|
Drug delivery platforms for neonatal brain injury. J Control Release 2021; 330:765-787. [PMID: 33417984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), initiated by the interruption of oxygenated blood supply to the brain, is a leading cause of death and lifelong disability in newborns. The pathogenesis of HIE involves a complex interplay of excitotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress that results in acute to long term brain damage and functional impairments. Therapeutic hypothermia is the only approved treatment for HIE but has limited effectiveness for moderate to severe brain damage; thus, pharmacological intervention is explored as an adjunct therapy to hypothermia to further promote recovery. However, the limited bioavailability and the side-effects of systemic administration are factors that hinder the use of the candidate pharmacological agents. To overcome these barriers, therapeutic molecules may be packaged into nanoscale constructs to enable their delivery. Yet, the application of nanotechnology in infants is not well examined, and the neonatal brain presents unique challenges. Novel drug delivery platforms have the potential to magnify therapeutic effects in the damaged brain, mitigate side-effects associated with high systemic doses, and evade mechanisms that remove the drugs from circulation. Encouraging pre-clinical data demonstrates an attenuation of brain damage and increased structural and functional recovery. This review surveys the current progress in drug delivery for treating neonatal brain injury.
Collapse
|
31
|
Indelicato E, Unterberger I, Nachbauer W, Eigentler A, Amprosi M, Zeiner F, Haberlandt E, Kaml M, Gizewski E, Boesch S. The electrophysiological footprint of CACNA1A disorders. J Neurol 2021; 268:2493-2505. [PMID: 33544220 PMCID: PMC8217028 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives CACNA1A variants underlie three neurological disorders: familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1), episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6). EEG is applied to study their episodic manifestations, but findings in the intervals did not gain attention up to date. Methods We analyzed repeated EEG recordings performed between 1994 and 2019 in a large cohort of genetically confirmed CACNA1A patients. EEG findings were compared with those of CACNA1A-negative phenocopies. A review of the related literature was performed. Results 85 EEG recordings from 38 patients (19 EA2, 14 FHM1, 5 SCA6) were analyzed. Baseline EEG was abnormal in 55% of cases (12 EA2, 9 FHM1). The most common finding was a lateralized intermittent slowing, mainly affecting the temporal region. Slowing was more pronounced after a recent attack but was consistently detected in the majority of patients also during the follow-up. Interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) were detected in eight patients (7 EA2,1 FHM1). EEG abnormalities and especially IEDs were significantly associated with younger age at examination (16 ± 9 vs 43 ± 21 years in those without epileptic changes, p = 0.003) and with earlier onset of disease (1 (1–2) vs 12 (5–45) years, p = 0.0009). EEG findings in CACNA1A-negative phenocopies (n = 15) were largely unremarkable (p = 0.03 in the comparison with CACNA1A patients). Conclusions EEG abnormalities between attacks are highly prevalent in episodic CACNA1A disorders and especially associated with younger age at examination and earlier disease onset. Our findings underpin an age-dependent effect of CACNA1A variants, with a more severe impairment when P/Q channel dysfunction manifests early in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Indelicato
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iris Unterberger
- Epileptology Division, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Nachbauer
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Eigentler
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Amprosi
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fiona Zeiner
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Edda Haberlandt
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, City Hospital, Dornbirn, Austria
| | - Manuela Kaml
- Epileptology Division, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke Gizewski
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Center for Rare Movement Disorders Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Aravind P, Bulbule SR, Hemalatha N, Babu R, Devaraju K. Elevation of gene expression of calcineurin, calmodulin and calsyntenin in oxidative stress induced PC12 cells. Genes Dis 2021; 8:87-93. [PMID: 33569517 PMCID: PMC7859428 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal physiological conditions, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are used as important signaling molecules in the cell. However, in excess it causes the disruption of cell resulting in their death. Oxidative stress causes influx in intracellular calcium levels leading to higher concentrations of calcium in the cell. This accelerated calcium affects both the mitochondria and nuclei leading to excitotoxicity in neurons. Intracellular calcium levels are controlled by voltage dependent calcium channels located in the plasma membrane, calcium stores like endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum and majorly by calcium binding proteins. Our study was aimed at analyzing the gene expression of major calcium binding proteins namely calcineurin, calmodulin, calreticulin, synaptotagamin and calsyntenin in stress induced PC 12 cells. Rotenone (1 μM), Peroxynitrite (10 μM), H2O2 (100 μM) and High glucose (33 mM) were used to induce oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Results obtained from the study suggest that calcineurin, calmodulin and calsyntenin gene expression were enhanced compared to the control due to oxidative stress. However, synaptotagmin and calreticulin gene expression were down regulated. Further, Akt protein expression (stress marker) was enhanced in PC12 cells with all other stress inducers except in hyperglycemic condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Aravind
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad, 580 003, India
| | - Sarojini R. Bulbule
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad, 580 003, India
| | - N. Hemalatha
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CFTRI, V V Moholla, Mysore, 570 020, India
| | - R.L. Babu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Akkamahadevi Women's University, Vijayapura, Karnataka, 586 108, India
| | - K.S. Devaraju
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad, 580 003, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Juvale IIA, Che Has AT. Possible interplay between the theories of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1998-2026. [PMID: 33306252 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the oldest known neurological disorders and is characterized by recurrent seizure activity. It has a high incidence rate, affecting a broad demographic in both developed and developing countries. Comorbid conditions are frequent in patients with epilepsy and have detrimental effects on their quality of life. Current management options for epilepsy include the use of anti-epileptic drugs, surgery, or a ketogenic diet. However, more than 30% of patients diagnosed with epilepsy exhibit drug resistance to anti-epileptic drugs. Further, surgery and ketogenic diets do little to alleviate the symptoms of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the underlying mechanisms of pharmacoresistant epilepsy to design newer and more effective anti-epileptic drugs. Several theories of pharmacoresistant epilepsy have been suggested over the years, the most common being the gene variant hypothesis, network hypothesis, multidrug transporter hypothesis, and target hypothesis. In our review, we discuss the main theories of pharmacoresistant epilepsy and highlight a possible interconnection between their mechanisms that could lead to the development of novel therapies for pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Imtiyaz Ahmed Juvale
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Tarmizi Che Has
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rosiglitazone Prevents Autophagy by Regulating Nrf2-Antioxidant Response Element in a Rat Model of Lithium-pilocarpine-induced Status Epilepticus. Neuroscience 2020; 455:212-222. [PMID: 33197503 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) leads to irreversible neuronal damage and consists of a complex pathogenesis that involves oxidative stress and subsequent autophagy. Rosiglitazone has recently been considered as a potential neuroprotective factor in epilepsy because of its antioxidative function. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of rosiglitazone in SE rat models and investigate whether its mechanisms of action involve autophagy via the antioxidant factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-220 g) were used to establish lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE model. We found that rosiglitazone markedly improved neuronal survival at 24-h post-SE as indicated via Hematoxylin-Eosin and Nissl staining. Furthermore, along with a reduction in reactive oxygen species, rosiglitazone pretreatment enhanced the antioxidative activity of superoxide dismutase and the expression level of Nrf2, as detected via chemical assay kits and Western blotting, respectively. In addition, the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3II (LC3II)/LC3I ratio was increased and peaked at 24 h after SE, whereas p62 mRNA levels were sharply elevated at 72 h after SE, both SE-induced increases of which were reversed via rosiglitazone pretreatment. To further test our hypothesis of the key role of Nrf2 in this process, small-interfering RNA for Nrf2 (siNrf2) was then transfected into SE rats to knockdown Nrf2 expression. We found that siNrf2 partially blocked the above effects of rosiglitazone on autophagy-related proteins in SE rats. Taken together, our findings suggest that rosiglitazone attenuates oxidative-stress-induced autophagy via increasing Nrf2 in SE rats and may be used as a promising therapeutic strategy for SE treatment.
Collapse
|
35
|
Arida RM. Physical exercise and seizure activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:165979. [PMID: 32980461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprotective and antiepileptogenic therapies have been extensively investigated for epilepsy prevention and treatment. This review gives an overview of the promising contribution of the ketogenic diet, a complementary treatment, on the intestinal microbiota to reduce seizure susceptibility. Next, the relevance of physical exercise is extensively addressed as a complementary therapy to reduce seizure susceptibility, and thereby impact beneficially on the epilepsy condition. In this context, particular attention is given to the potential risks and benefits of physical exercise, possible precipitant factors related to exercise and proposed mechanisms by which exercise can reduce seizures, and its antiepileptogenic effects. Finally, this review points to emerging evidence of exercise reducing comorbidities from epilepsy and improving the quality of life of people with epilepsy. Based on evidence from current literature, physical or sport activities represent a potential non-pharmacological intervention that can be integrated with conventional therapy for epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Mario Arida
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Langeh U, Chawla P, Gupta GD, Singh S. A Novel Approach to Refractory Epilepsy by Targeting Pgp Peripherally and Centrally: Therapeutic Targets and Future Perspectives. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:741-749. [PMID: 32814543 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319999200819093109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Refractory epilepsy is a type of epilepsy involving seizures uncontrolled by first or second- line anticonvulsant drugs at a regular therapeutic dose. Despite considerable growth in epileptic pharmacotherapy, one-third of the patients are resistant to current therapies. In this, the mechanisms responsible for resistant epilepsy are either increased expulsion of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) by multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters from the epileptogenic tissue or reduced sensitivity of drug in epileptogenic brain tissue. The difficulty to treat refractory epilepsy is because of drug resistance due to cellular drug efflux, use of drug monotherapy, and subtherapeutic dose administration. Increased expression of Pgp is also responsible for resistance epilepsy or refractory epilepsy. Increased glutamate expression via inhibition of cyclooxygenase-II (COX-II) enzyme also upregulate P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression and augment instance of recurrent seizures. Peripheral and central inhibition of Pgp is a powerful tool to control this drug resistant epilepsy. Drug resistance primarily involves multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene responsible for encoding P-glycoprotein (Pg- P1 or MDR1). Currently, there is no drug under clinical practice which inhibits MDR1. The present review cites some drugs like Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs), COX-II inhibitors, and glutamate receptors antagonists that inhibit P-gp. The exploitation of these targets may emerge as a beneficial approach for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The present review further highlights the mechanistic role of Pgp in drug-resistant epilepsy, glutamate role in drug efflux, and management approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi Langeh
- Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab-142001, India
| | - Pooja Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab-142001, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab-142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab-142001, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dong X, Zhang X, Wang F, Liu N, Liu A, Li Y, Wei L, Chen F, Yuan S, Zhang K, Hou S, Jiao Q, Hu Q, Guo C, Wu T, Wei S, Shen H. Simultaneous calcium recordings of hippocampal CA1 and primary motor cortex M1 and their relations to behavioral activities in freely moving epileptic mice. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:1479-1488. [PMID: 32424694 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05815-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. The cause of most cases of epilepsy is unknown. Although changes of calcium events in a single brain region during seizures have been reported before, there have been few studies on relations between calcium events of two different brain regions and epileptic behaviors in freely moving mice. To analyze calcium events simultaneously recorded in hippocampal CA1 (CA1) and primary motor cortex M1 (M1), and to explore their relations to various epileptic behaviors in freely moving epileptic models. Epileptic models were induced by Kainic acid (KA), a direct agonist of glutamatergic receptor, on adult male C57/BL6J mice. Calcium events of neurons and glia in CA1 and M1 labeled by a calcium indicator dye were recorded simultaneously with a multi-channel fiber photometry system. Three typical types of calcium events associated with KA-induced seizures were observed, including calcium baseline-rising, cortical spreading depression (CSD) and calcium flashing with a steady rate. Our results showed that the calcium baseline-rising occurred in CA1 was synchronized with that in M1, but the CSD waves were not. However, synchronization of calcium flashing in the two areas was uncertain, because it was only detected in CA1. We also observed that different calcium events happened with different epileptic behaviors. Baseline-rising events were accompanied by clonus of forelimbs or trembling, CSD waves were closely related to head movements (15 out of 18, 6 mice). Calcium flashing occurred definitely with drastic convulsive motor seizures (CMS, 6 mice). The results prove that the synchronization of calcium event exists in CA1 and M1, and different calcium events are related with different seizure behaviors. Our results suggest that calcium events involve in the synchronization of neural network and behaviors in epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Dong
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Aili Liu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liangpeng Wei
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaowei Hou
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingyan Jiao
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cunle Guo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongrui Wu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. .,Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Brain-wide genetic mapping identifies the indusium griseum as a prenatal target of pharmacologically unrelated psychostimulants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25958-25967. [PMID: 31796600 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904006116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychostimulant use is an ever-increasing socioeconomic burden, including a dramatic rise during pregnancy. Nevertheless, brain-wide effects of psychostimulant exposure are incompletely understood. Here, we performed Fos-CreERT2-based activity mapping, correlated for pregnant mouse dams and their fetuses with amphetamine, nicotine, and caffeine applied acutely during midgestation. While light-sheet microscopy-assisted intact tissue imaging revealed drug- and age-specific neuronal activation, the indusium griseum (IG) appeared indiscriminately affected. By using GAD67gfp/+ mice we subdivided the IG into a dorsolateral domain populated by γ-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons and a ventromedial segment containing glutamatergic neurons, many showing drug-induced activation and sequentially expressing Pou3f3/Brn1 and secretagogin (Scgn) during differentiation. We then combined Patch-seq and circuit mapping to show that the ventromedial IG is a quasi-continuum of glutamatergic neurons (IG-Vglut1 +) reminiscent of dentate granule cells in both rodents and humans, whose dendrites emanate perpendicularly toward while their axons course parallel with the superior longitudinal fissure. IG-Vglut1 + neurons receive VGLUT1+ and VGLUT2+ excitatory afferents that topologically segregate along their somatodendritic axis. In turn, their efferents terminate in the olfactory bulb, thus being integral to a multisynaptic circuit that could feed information antiparallel to the olfactory-cortical pathway. In IG-Vglut1 + neurons, prenatal psychostimulant exposure delayed the onset of Scgn expression. Genetic ablation of Scgn was then found to sensitize adult mice toward methamphetamine-induced epilepsy. Overall, our study identifies brain-wide targets of the most common psychostimulants, among which Scgn +/Vglut1 + neurons of the IG link limbic and olfactory circuits.
Collapse
|
39
|
Ijomone OM, Aluko OM, Okoh COA, Martins AC, Aschner M. Role for calcium signaling in manganese neurotoxicity. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:146-155. [PMID: 31470248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium is an essential macronutrient that is involved in many cellular processes. Homeostatic control of intracellular levels of calcium ions [Ca2+] is vital to maintaining cellular structure and function. Several signaling molecules are involved in regulating Ca2+ levels in cells and perturbation of calcium signaling processes is implicated in several neurodegenerative and neurologic conditions. Manganese [Mn] is a metal which is essential for basic physiological functions. However, overexposure to Mn from environmental contamination and workplace hazards is a global concern. Mn overexposure leads to its accumulation in several human organs particularly the brain. Mn accumulation in the brain results in a manganism, a Parkinsonian-like syndrome. Additionally, Mn is a risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Mn neurotoxicity also affects several neurotransmitter systems including dopaminergic, cholinergic and GABAergic. The mechanisms of Mn neurotoxicity are still being elucidated. AIM The review will highlight a potential role for calcium signaling molecules in the mechanisms of Mn neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION Ca2+ regulation influences the neurodegenerative process and there is possible role for perturbed calcium signaling in Mn neurotoxicity. Mechanisms implicated in Mn-induced neurodegeneration include oxidative stress, generation of free radicals, and apoptosis. These are influenced by mitochondrial integrity which can be dependent on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Nevertheless, further elucidation of the direct effects of calcium signaling dysfunction and calcium-binding proteins activities in Mn neurotoxicity is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria.
| | - Oritoke M Aluko
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Comfort O A Okoh
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Airton Cunha Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gan J, Cai Q, Galer P, Ma D, Chen X, Huang J, Bao S, Luo R. Mapping the knowledge structure and trends of epilepsy genetics over the past decade: A co-word analysis based on medical subject headings terms. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16782. [PMID: 31393404 PMCID: PMC6709143 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past 10 years, epilepsy genetics has made dramatic progress. This study aimed to analyze the knowledge structure and the advancement of epilepsy genetics over the past decade based on co-word analysis of medical subject headings (MeSH) terms. METHODS Scientific publications focusing on epilepsy genetics from the PubMed database (January 2009-December 2018) were retrieved. Bibliometric information was analyzed quantitatively using Bibliographic Item Co-Occurrence Matrix Builder (BICOMB) software. A knowledge social network analysis and publication trend based on the high-frequency MeSH terms was built using VOSviewer. RESULTS According to the search strategy, a total of 5185 papers were included. Among all the extracted MeSH terms, 86 high-frequency MeSH terms were identified. Hot spots were clustered into 5 categories including: "ion channel diseases," "beyond ion channel diseases," "experimental research & epigenetics," "single nucleotide polymorphism & pharmacogenetics," and "genetic techniques". "Epilepsy," "mutation," and "seizures," were located at the center of the knowledge network. "Ion channel diseases" are typically in the most prominent position of epilepsy genetics research. "Beyond ion channel diseases" and "genetic techniques," however, have gradually grown into research cores and trends, such as "intellectual disability," "infantile spasms," "phenotype," "exome," " deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) copy number variations," and "application of next-generation sequencing." While ion channel genes such as "SCN1A," "KCNQ2," "SCN2A," "SCN8A" accounted for nearly half of epilepsy genes in MeSH terms, a number of additional beyond ion channel genes like "CDKL5," "STXBP1," "PCDH19," "PRRT2," "LGI1," "ALDH7A1," "MECP2," "EPM2A," "ARX," "SLC2A1," and more were becoming increasingly popular. In contrast, gene therapies, treatment outcome, and genotype-phenotype correlations were still in their early stages of research. CONCLUSION This co-word analysis provides an overview of epilepsy genetics research over the past decade. The 5 research categories display publication hot spots and trends in epilepsy genetics research which could consequently supply some direction for geneticists and epileptologists when launching new projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gan
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, China
| | - Qianyun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, China
| | - Peter Galer
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Jichong Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, China
| | - Shan Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| |
Collapse
|