1
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Zhang X, Lei Y, Zhou H, Liu H, Xu P. The Role of PKM2 in Multiple Signaling Pathways Related to Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5002-5026. [PMID: 38157121 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis. It is well known that PKM2 plays a vital role in the proliferation of tumor cells. However, PKM2 can also exert its biological functions by mediating multiple signaling pathways in neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognitive dysfunction, ischemic stroke, post-stroke depression, cerebral small-vessel disease, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and autoimmune diseases. In these diseases, PKM2 can exert various biological functions, including regulation of glycolysis, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, proliferation of cells, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, or pathological autoimmune responses. Moreover, the complexity of PKM2's biological characteristics determines the diversity of its biological functions. However, the role of PKM2 is not entirely the same in different diseases or cells, which is related to its oligomerization, subcellular localization, and post-translational modifications. This article will focus on the biological characteristics of PKM2, the regulation of PKM2 expression, and the biological role of PKM2 in neurological diseases. With this review, we hope to have a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PKM2, which may help researchers develop therapeutic strategies in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yihui Lei
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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2
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He C, Zhu B, Gao W, Wu Q, Zhang C. Study on Allele Specific Expression of Long-Term Residents in High Altitude Areas. Evol Bioinform Online 2024; 20:11769343241257344. [PMID: 38826865 PMCID: PMC11141219 DOI: 10.1177/11769343241257344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In diploid organisms, half of the chromosomes in each cell come from the father and half from the mother. Through previous studies, it was found that the paternal chromosome and the maternal chromosome can be regulated and expressed independently, leading to the emergence of allele specific expression (ASE). In this study, we analyzed the differential expression of alleles in the high-altitude population and the normal population based on the RNA sequencing data. Through gene cluster analysis and protein interaction network analysis, we found some changes occurred at the gene level, and some negative effects. During the study, we realized that the calmodulin homology domain may have a certain correlation with long-term survival at high altitude. The plateau environment is characterized by hypoxia, low air pressure, strong ultraviolet radiation, and low temperature. Accordingly, the genetic changes in the process of adaptation are mainly reflected in these characteristics. High altitude generation living is also highly related to cancer, immune disease, cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, endocrine disease, and other diseases. Therefore, the medical system in high altitude areas should pay more attention to these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- The General Hospital of Tibet Military Region, Lhasa, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- The General Hospital of Tibet Military Region, Lhasa, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- The General Hospital of Tibet Military Region, Lhasa, China
| | - Qianjin Wu
- The General Hospital of Tibet Military Region, Lhasa, China
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3
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Li Y, Zhang S, Li Y, Liu J, Li Q, Zang W, Pan Y. The Regulatory Network of hnRNPs Underlying Regulating PKM Alternative Splicing in Tumor Progression. Biomolecules 2024; 14:566. [PMID: 38785973 PMCID: PMC11117501 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer is metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells, and aerobic glycolysis is the primary mechanism by which glucose is quickly transformed into lactate. As one of the primary rate-limiting enzymes, pyruvate kinase (PK) M is engaged in the last phase of aerobic glycolysis. Alternative splicing is a crucial mechanism for protein diversity, and it promotes PKM precursor mRNA splicing to produce PKM2 dominance, resulting in low PKM1 expression. Specific splicing isoforms are produced in various tissues or illness situations, and the post-translational modifications are linked to numerous disorders, including cancers. hnRNPs are one of the main components of the splicing factor families. However, there have been no comprehensive studies on hnRNPs regulating PKM alternative splicing. Therefore, this review focuses on the regulatory network of hnRNPs on PKM pre-mRNA alternative splicing in tumors and clinical drug research. We elucidate the role of alternative splicing in tumor progression, prognosis, and the potential mechanism of abnormal RNA splicing. We also summarize the drug targets retarding tumorous splicing events, which may be critical to improving the specificity and effectiveness of current therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yuexian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology Gastrointestinal and Urinary and Musculoskeletal Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, China;
| | - Junchao Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Qian Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenli Zang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yaping Pan
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (J.L.); (Q.L.); (W.Z.)
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4
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Yu Q, Wu T, Xu W, Wei J, Zhao A, Wang M, Li M, Chi G. PTBP1 as a potential regulator of disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04905-x. [PMID: 38129625 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) is a member of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family, which plays a key role in alternative splicing of precursor mRNA and RNA metabolism. PTBP1 is universally expressed in various tissues and binds to multiple downstream transcripts to interfere with physiological and pathological processes such as the tumor growth, body metabolism, cardiovascular homeostasis, and central nervous system damage, showing great prospects in many fields. The function of PTBP1 involves the regulation and interaction of various upstream molecules, including circular RNAs (circRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These regulatory systems are inseparable from the development and treatment of diseases. Here, we review the latest knowledge regarding the structure and molecular functions of PTBP1 and summarize its functions and mechanisms of PTBP1 in various diseases, including controversial studies. Furthermore, we recommend future studies on PTBP1 and discuss the prospects of targeting PTBP1 in new clinical therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyuan Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangfan Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Wang X, Cheng H, Hu D, Chen Y, Hassan W, Zhao J, Li J, Huang Z. Nucleolin promotes tumor growth in colorectal cancer by enhancing hnRNPA1-mediated PKM2 alternative splicing. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2237-2240. [PMID: 37554199 PMCID: PMC10404942 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
| | - Han Cheng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
| | - Die Hu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Jing Zhao
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
| | - Jiuming Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
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6
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Temaj G, Chichiarelli S, Saha S, Telkoparan-Akillilar P, Nuhii N, Hadziselimovic R, Saso L. An intricate rewiring of cancer metabolism via alternative splicing. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115848. [PMID: 37813165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
All human genes undergo alternative splicing leading to the diversity of the proteins. However, in some cases, abnormal regulation of alternative splicing can result in diseases that trigger defects in metabolism, reduced apoptosis, increased proliferation, and progression in almost all tumor types. Metabolic dysregulations and immune dysfunctions are crucial factors in cancer. In this respect, alternative splicing in tumors could be a potential target for therapeutic cancer strategies. Dysregulation of alternative splicing during mRNA maturation promotes carcinogenesis and drug resistance in many cancer types. Alternative splicing (changing the target mRNA 3'UTR binding site) can result in a protein with altered drug affinity, ultimately leading to drug resistance.. Here, we will highlight the function of various alternative splicing factors, how it regulates the reprogramming of cancer cell metabolism, and their contribution to tumor initiation and proliferation. Also, we will discuss emerging therapeutics for treating tumors via abnormal alternative splicing. Finally, we will discuss the challenges associated with these therapeutic strategies for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazmend Temaj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, College UBT, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 00185, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Nexhibe Nuhii
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Tetovo, 1200 Tetovo, Macedonia
| | - Rifat Hadziselimovic
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", La Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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7
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Choi S, Cho N, Kim EM, Kim KK. The role of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in cancer progression. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:249. [PMID: 37875914 PMCID: PMC10594706 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a critical mechanism that generates multiple mRNA from a single gene, thereby increasing the diversity of the proteome. Recent research has highlighted the significance of specific splicing isoforms in cellular processes, particularly in regulating cell numbers. In this review, we examine the current understanding of the role of alternative splicing in controlling cancer cell growth and discuss specific splicing factors and isoforms and their molecular mechanisms in cancer progression. These isoforms have been found to intricately control signaling pathways crucial for cell cycle progression, proliferation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, studies have elucidated the characteristics and functional importance of splicing factors that influence cell numbers. Abnormal expression of oncogenic splicing isoforms and splicing factors, as well as disruptions in splicing caused by genetic mutations, have been implicated in the development and progression of tumors. Collectively, these findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between alternative splicing and cell proliferation, thereby suggesting the potential of alternative splicing as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjoon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Hirose Y, Taniguchi K. Intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity of colorectal cancer. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1073-C1084. [PMID: 37661922 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00139.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the metabolic phenotype within tumors is known to differ significantly from that of the surrounding normal tissue, the importance of this heterogeneity is just becoming widely recognized. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is often classified as the Warburg phenotype, a metabolic type in which the glycolytic system is predominant over oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mitochondria for energy production. However, this dichotomy (glycolysis vs. OXPHOS) may be too simplistic and not accurately represent the metabolic characteristics of CRC. Therefore, in this review, we decompose metabolic phenomena into factors based on their source/origin and reclassify them into two categories: extrinsic and intrinsic. In the CRC context, extrinsic factors include those based on the environment, such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and the tumor microenvironment, whereas intrinsic factors include those based on subpopulations, such as pathological subtypes and cancer stem cells. These factors form multiple layers inside and outside the tumor, affecting them additively, dominantly, or mutually exclusively. Consequently, the metabolic phenotype is a heterogeneous and fluid phenomenon reflecting the spatial distribution and temporal continuity of these factors. This allowed us to redefine the characteristics of specific metabolism-related factors in CRC and summarize and update our accumulated knowledge of their heterogeneity. Furthermore, we positioned tumor budding in CRC as an intrinsic factor and a novel form of metabolic heterogeneity, and predicted its metabolic dynamics, noting its similarity to circulating tumor cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Finally, the possibilities and limitations of using human tumor tissue as research material to investigate and assess metabolic heterogeneity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Hirose
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Kohei Taniguchi
- Division of Translational Research, Center for Medical Research & Development, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
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9
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Li D, Yu W, Lai M. Targeting serine- and arginine-rich splicing factors to rectify aberrant alternative splicing. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103691. [PMID: 37385370 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Serine- and arginine-rich splicing factors are pivotal modulators of constitutive splicing and alternative splicing that bind to the cis-acting elements in precursor mRNAs and facilitate the recruitment and assembly of the spliceosome. Meanwhile, SR proteins shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm with a broad implication in multiple RNA-metabolizing events. Recent studies have demonstrated the positive correlation of overexpression and/or hyperactivation of SR proteins and development of the tumorous phenotype, indicating the therapeutic potentials of targeting SR proteins. In this review, we highlight key findings concerning the physiological and pathological roles of SR proteins. We have also investigated small molecules and oligonucleotides that effectively modulate the functions of SR proteins, which could benefit future studies of SR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianyang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wenying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pathology, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (2019RU042), Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Wu W, Hu A, Xu H, Su J. LincRNA-EPS Alleviates Inflammation in TMJ Osteoarthritis by Binding to SRSF3. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1141-1151. [PMID: 37464762 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231180464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a common inflammatory disease that can cause pain, cartilage degradation, and subchondral bone loss. However, the key regulatory factors and new targets for the treatment of TMJOA have yet to be determined. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have shown remarkable potential in regulating tissue homeostasis and disease development. The long intergenic RNA-erythroid prosurvival (lincRNA-EPS) is reported to be an effective inhibitor of inflammation, but its role in TMJOA is unexplored. Here, we found that lincRNA-EPS is downregulated and negatively correlated with inflammatory factors in the condyles of TMJOA mice. LincRNA-EPS knockout aggravated inflammation and tissue destruction after TMJOA modeling. The in vitro studies confirmed that loss of lincRNA-EPS facilitated inflammatory factor expression in condylar chondrocytes, while recovered expression of lincRNA-EPS showed anti-inflammatory effects. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing revealed that the inflammatory response pathway nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was mostly affected by lincRNA-EPS deficiency. Moreover, lincRNA-EPS was proved to effectively bind to serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) and inhibit its function in pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) formation, thus restraining the PKM2/NF-κB pathway and the expression of inflammatory factors. In addition, local injection of the lincRNA-EPS overexpression lentivirus significantly alleviated inflammation, cartilage degradation, and subchondral bone loss in TMJOA mice. Overall, lincRNA-EPS regulated the inflammatory process of condylar chondrocytes by binding to SRSF3 and showed translational application potential in the treatment of TMJOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - A Hu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - H Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - J Su
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Manabile MA, Hull R, Khanyile R, Molefi T, Damane BP, Mongan NP, Bates DO, Dlamini Z. Alternative Splicing Events and Their Clinical Significance in Colorectal Cancer: Targeted Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3999. [PMID: 37568815 PMCID: PMC10417810 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as one of the top causes of cancer mortality worldwide and its incidence is on the rise, particularly in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). There are several factors that contribute to the development and progression of CRC. Alternative splicing (AS) was found to be one of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of CRC. With the advent of genome/transcriptome sequencing and large patient databases, the broad role of aberrant AS in cancer development and progression has become clear. AS affects cancer initiation, proliferation, invasion, and migration. These splicing changes activate oncogenes or deactivate tumor suppressor genes by producing altered amounts of normally functional or new proteins with different, even opposing, functions. Thus, identifying and characterizing CRC-specific alternative splicing events and variants might help in designing new therapeutic splicing disrupter drugs. CRC-specific splicing events can be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, alternatively spliced events and their role in CRC development will be discussed. The paper also reviews recent research on alternatively spliced events that might be exploited as prognostic, diagnostic, and targeted therapeutic indicators. Of particular interest is the targeting of protein arginine methyltransferase (PMRT) isoforms for the development of new treatments and diagnostic tools. The potential challenges and limitations in translating these discoveries into clinical practice will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosebo Armstrong Manabile
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (M.A.M.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (D.O.B.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (M.A.M.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (D.O.B.)
| | - Richard Khanyile
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (M.A.M.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (D.O.B.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Thulo Molefi
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (M.A.M.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (D.O.B.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Botle Precious Damane
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
| | - Nigel Patrick Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK;
| | - David Owen Bates
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (M.A.M.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (D.O.B.)
- Centre for Cancer Sciences, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; (M.A.M.); (R.H.); (R.K.); (T.M.); (D.O.B.)
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12
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Yuan L, Cheng F, Wu Z, Li X, Shen W. Homeobox B9 Promotes Colon Cancer Progression by Targeting SRSF3. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:3324-3340. [PMID: 37258980 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeobox B9 (HOXB9) is one of the HOX family of transcription factors that are essential for cancer development and embryonic growth. However, the clinical importance and biological involvement of HOXB9 in colon cancer (CC) are not adequately understood. AIMS To investigate whether HOXB9 participates in the proliferation, invasion, and migration of CC. METHODS This study investigated the function and clinical significance of HOXB9 mRNA and protein expression in CC. Furthermore, overexpression and knockdown experiments of HOXB9 were developed to explore their effects on CC cell transwell and proliferation. Moreover, a molecular mechanism of HOXB9 regulate serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) was explored. RESULTS HOXB9 expression was higher in CC cells and tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. Poor survival in CC patients was significantly connected with high HOXB9 expression, which was also strongly associated with the TNM stage and lymph node metastases. Furthermore, in vitro CC cell proliferation, transwell were markedly aided by HOXB9 overexpression. Contrarily, HOXB9 knockdown had the reverse result and inhibited the formation of xenograft tumors in naked mice. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed a correlation between high HOXB9 expression and spliceosomes. JASPAR and GEPIA2.0, in addition to CHIP and dual-luciferase reporting assays, confirmed that HOXB9 targets the promoter of SRSF3 to enhance its expression. We also found that SRSF3 knockdown eliminated HOXB9 from cell proliferation and transwell. CONCLUSION We characterized the function and mechanism of HOXB9 in regulating colon cancer growth, suggesting a novel molecular approach for colon cancer-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lebin Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Takahashi T, Ando Y, Ichikawa H, Tsuneyama K, Hijikata T. Serum/glucose starvation strikingly reduces heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 protein and its target, cyclin D1. FEBS J 2023; 290:4126-4144. [PMID: 37095740 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Our investigation to explore cellular alterations related to undernutrition in cancer cells revealed that the protein level of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) is drastically decreased by serum/glucose starvation. Its loss was reversible, serum/glucose starvation-specific and universal throughout cell types and species. The hnRNP A1 mRNA level and hnRNP A1 mRNA/protein stability were not altered under this condition. CCND1 mRNA, which we newly identified as the binding target of hnRNP A1, was decreased by serum/glucose starvation. Under similar conditions, CCND1 protein was reduced in vitro and in vivo, whereas hnRNP A1 mRNA level and CCND1 mRNA level revealed no correlation in most clinical samples. Functional analyses revealed that CCND1 mRNA stability is certainly dependent on hnRNP A1 protein level and that RNA recognition motif-1 (RRM1) in hnRNP A1 plays a central role in maintaining CCND1 mRNA stability and subsequent protein expression. The injection of RRM1-deleted hnRNP A1-expressing cancer cells in the mouse xenograft model did not form any tumours, and that of hnRNP A1-expressing cancer cells retained CCND1 expression at the lesion adjacent to necrosis with a slight increase in tumour volume. Furthermore, RRM1 deletion caused growth suppression with the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, whereas CCND1 restoration completely recovered it. Our results indicate that serum/glucose starvation triggers entire hnRNP A1 protein loss, and its loss may play a role in CCND1 mRNA destabilization and CCND1-mediated cellular event inhibition, i.e. growth promotion, apoptosis induction and autophagosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Ando
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirona Ichikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Japan
| | - Takao Hijikata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
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Li D, Yu W, Lai M. Towards understandings of serine/arginine-rich splicing factors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3181-3207. [PMID: 37655328 PMCID: PMC10465970 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factors (SRSFs) refer to twelve RNA-binding proteins which regulate splice site recognition and spliceosome assembly during precursor messenger RNA splicing. SRSFs also participate in other RNA metabolic events, such as transcription, translation and nonsense-mediated decay, during their shuttling between nucleus and cytoplasm, making them indispensable for genome diversity and cellular activity. Of note, aberrant SRSF expression and/or mutations elicit fallacies in gene splicing, leading to the generation of pathogenic gene and protein isoforms, which highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting SRSF to treat diseases. In this review, we updated current understanding of SRSF structures and functions in RNA metabolism. Next, we analyzed SRSF-induced aberrant gene expression and their pathogenic outcomes in cancers and non-tumor diseases. The development of some well-characterized SRSF inhibitors was discussed in detail. We hope this review will contribute to future studies of SRSF functions and drug development targeting SRSFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianyang Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Maode Lai
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pathology, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (2019RU042), Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Jia R, Zheng ZM. Oncogenic SRSF3 in health and diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:3057-3076. [PMID: 37416784 PMCID: PMC10321290 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.83368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/arginine rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) is an important multi-functional splicing factor, and has attracted increasing attentions in the past thirty years. The importance of SRSF3 is evidenced by its impressively conserved protein sequences in all animals and alternative exon 4 which represents an autoregulatory mechanism to maintain its proper cellular expression level. New functions of SRSF3 have been continuously discovered recently, especially its oncogenic function. SRSF3 plays essential roles in many cellular processes by regulating almost all aspects of RNA biogenesis and processing of many target genes, and thus, contributes to tumorigenesis when overexpressed or disregulated. This review updates and highlights the gene, mRNA, and protein structure of SRSF3, the regulatory mechanisms of SRSF3 expression, and the characteristics of SRSF3 targets and binding sequences that contribute to SRSF3's diverse molecular and cellular functions in tumorigenesis and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Zheng
- Tumor Virus RNA Biology Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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Liang F, Wang S, Guo Y, Mu Y, Shang F, Wang M. Proteome profiling of endogenous and potential S-nitrosylation in colorectal cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1153719. [PMID: 37124724 PMCID: PMC10140627 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1153719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a common cancer with high incidence rate and mortality, colorectal cancer (CRC) is seriously threatening human health. S-nitrosylation (SNO) proteins mediated by nitric oxide (NO) has important implications in the genesis, progression, and apoptosis of CRC. It's worth noting that the SNO proteins also play an important role in the tumor endocrine and metabolic pathways of CRC. Materials and methods In this study, the protein extracts of human tissues and cell lines were treated by biotin switch technology and magnetic beads enrichment. The proteomic results of endogenous and potential SNO proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). Through the comparison and analysis of MS results, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and literatures, some endogenous and potential SNO proteins were identified in CRC, which were closely related to the tumor endocrine and metabolic pathways, the apoptotic signaling pathways, protein maturation, and other biological processes of the proliferation and apoptosis of CRC cells. Results A total of 19 proteins containing potential or endogenous SNO sites were detected in both human cancer tissue and SW 480 cells. Through the cross validation of MS results, GO analysis, and literatures, several SNO proteins were identified frequently in CRC, such as the actin, cytoplasmic 1 (ACTB), peroxiredoxin-4 (PRDX4), protein S100A8 (S100A8), pyruvate kinase PKM (PKM), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which were closely related to the tumor endocrine and metabolic pathways and the apoptotic signaling pathways of CRC. Conclusion Different CRC cells and tissues contained potential and endogenous SNO modified proteins. In addition, some SNO proteins could participate in the proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis of CRC by regulating the tumor endocrine and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Mu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - FengJia Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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PTB Regulates the Metabolic Pathways and Cell Function of Keloid Fibroblasts through Alternative Splicing of PKM. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065162. [PMID: 36982238 PMCID: PMC10049504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloids, benign fibroproliferative cutaneous lesions, are characterized by abnormal growth and reprogramming of the metabolism of keloid fibroblasts (KFb). However, the underlying mechanisms of this kind of metabolic abnormality have not been identified. Our study aimed to investigate the molecules involved in aerobic glycolysis and its exact regulatory mechanisms in KFb. We discovered that polypyrimidine tract binding (PTB) was significantly upregulated in keloid tissues. siRNA silencing of PTB decreased the mRNA levels and protein expression levels of key glycolytic enzymes and corrected the dysregulation of glucose uptake and lactate production. In addition, mechanistic studies demonstrated that PTB promoted a change from pyruvate kinase muscle 1 (PKM1) to PKM2, and silencing PKM2 substantially reduced the PTB-induced increase in the flow of glycolysis. Moreover, PTB and PKM2 could also regulate the key enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Assays of cell function demonstrated that PTB promoted the proliferation and migration of KFb in vitro, and this phenomenon could be interrupted by PKM2 silencing. In conclusion, our findings indicate that PTB regulates aerobic glycolysis and the cell functions of KFb via alternative splicing of PKM.
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Xu D, Yu J, Yang Y, Du Y, Lu H, Zhang S, Feng Q, Yu Y, Hao L, Shao J, Chen L. RBX1 regulates PKM alternative splicing to facilitate anaplastic thyroid carcinoma metastasis and aerobic glycolysis by destroying the SMAR1/HDAC6 complex. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:36. [PMID: 36810109 PMCID: PMC9945352 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, frequently accompanied by metastasis and aerobic glycolysis. Cancer cells adjust their metabolism by modulating the PKM alternative splicing and facilitating PKM2 isoform expression. Therefore, identifying factors and mechanisms that control PKM alternative splicing is significant for overcoming the current challenges in ATC treatment. RESULTS In this study, the expression of RBX1 was largely enhanced in the ATC tissues. Our clinical tests suggested that high RBX1 expression was significantly related to poor survival. The functional analysis indicated that RBX1 facilitated the metastasis of ATC cells by enhancing the Warburg effect, and PKM2 played a key role in RBX1-mediated aerobic glycolysis. Furthermore, we confirmed that RBX1 regulates PKM alternative splicing and promotes the PKM2-mediated Warburg effect in ATC cells. Moreover, ATC cell migration and aerobic glycolysis induced by RBX1-mediated PKM alternative splicing are dependent on the destruction of the SMAR1/HDAC6 complex. RBX1, as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, degrades SMAR1 in ATC through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. CONCLUSION Overall, our study identified the mechanism underlying the regulation of PKM alternative splicing in ATC cells for the first time and provides evidence about the effect of RBX1 on cellular adaptation to metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debin Xu
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Thyroid Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330008 China
| | - Jichun Yu
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of Thyroid Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330008 China
| | - Yuting Yang
- grid.412604.50000 0004 1758 4073Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Main Street, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Yunyan Du
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, No. 471, Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Hongcheng Lu
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330008 China
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- grid.260463.50000 0001 2182 8825Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 122, Yangming Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Qian Feng
- grid.412455.30000 0004 1756 5980Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330008 China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330008, China.
| | - Liang Hao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330008, China.
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330008, China.
| | - Leifeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330008, China. .,Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Zhao W, Li M, Wang S, Li Z, Li H, Li S. CircRNA SRRM4 affects glucose metabolism by regulating PKM alternative splicing via SRSF3 deubiquitination in epilepsy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12850. [PMID: 36168302 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several reports suggest that epigenetic therapy may be a potential method for treating epilepsy, and circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in mediating the epigenetic mechanisms associated with epilepsy; however, currently there are no effective treatment methods to prevent the progression of epileptogenesis. The circRNA serine/arginine repetitive matrix 4 (circSRRM4) was found to exert regulatory effects in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE); however, the mechanisms involved are still unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS To elucidate the molecular mechanism of circSRRM4, we investigated human epileptic brain tissue, epileptic rats, neuron and astrocyte cell lines using RT-qPCR, western blot, fluorescence in situ hybridisation, immunofluorescence staining, Nissl stain, micro-PET-CT, RNA-pulldown, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and RBP immunoprecipitation techniques. Furthermore, we evaluated the pyruvate kinase M1/2 (PKM) expression patterns in the human and rat models of TLE. RESULTS We detected the increased circSRRM4 expression in the hypometabolic lesions of patients with TLE and discovered that circSrrm4 has specific spatiotemporal characteristics in rats with kainic acid-induced epilepsy. The decreased PKM1 expression and increased PKM2 expression were similar to the Warburg effect in tumours. Notably, circSrrm4 silencing reduced the incidence and frequency of epilepsy, improved local hypometabolism, and prevented neuronal loss and astrocyte activation. CONCLUSION PKM2 promotes lactic acid production in the astrocytes by inducing glycolysis, thereby contributing to the energy source for epileptic seizures. Notably, circSRRM4 combines with and inhibits serine and arginine rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) from joining the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, improving the SRSF3-regulated alternative splicing of PKM, and consequently stimulating glycolysis in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- The Third Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaoyi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Praus F, Künstner A, Sauer T, Kohl M, Kern K, Deichmann S, Végvári Á, Keck T, Busch H, Habermann JK, Gemoll T. Panomics reveals patient individuality as the major driver of colorectal cancer progression. J Transl Med 2023; 21:41. [PMID: 36691026 PMCID: PMC9869555 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers, with over one million new cases per year. Overall, prognosis of CRC largely depends on the disease stage and metastatic status. As precision oncology for patients with CRC continues to improve, this study aimed to integrate genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses to identify significant differences in expression during CRC progression using a unique set of paired patient samples while considering tumour heterogeneity. METHODS We analysed fresh-frozen tissue samples prepared under strict cryogenic conditions of matched healthy colon mucosa, colorectal carcinoma, and liver metastasis from the same patients. Somatic mutations of known cancer-related genes were analysed using Illumina's TruSeq Amplicon Cancer Panel; the transcriptome was assessed comprehensively using Clariom D microarrays. The global proteome was evaluated by liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) and validated by two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis. Subsequent unsupervised principal component clustering, statistical comparisons, and gene set enrichment analyses were calculated based on differential expression results. RESULTS Although panomics revealed low RNA and protein expression of CA1, CLCA1, MATN2, AHCYL2, and FCGBP in malignant tissues compared to healthy colon mucosa, no differentially expressed RNA or protein targets were detected between tumour and metastatic tissues. Subsequent intra-patient comparisons revealed highly specific expression differences (e.g., SRSF3, OLFM4, and CEACAM5) associated with patient-specific transcriptomes and proteomes. CONCLUSION Our research results highlight the importance of inter- and intra-tumour heterogeneity as well as individual, patient-paired evaluations for clinical studies. In addition to changes among groups reflecting CRC progression, we identified significant expression differences between normal colon mucosa, primary tumour, and liver metastasis samples from individuals, which might accelerate implementation of precision oncology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Praus
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute Für Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thorben Sauer
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Kohl
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute Für Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katharina Kern
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Steffen Deichmann
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Proteomics Biomedicum, Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Keck
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Medical Systems Biology Group, Lübeck Institute Für Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Campus Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens K Habermann
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64, Solna, Sweden
| | - Timo Gemoll
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
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Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Oncogenic and Prognostic Role of PKM2: A Potential Target for Survival and Immunotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:3375109. [PMID: 36865483 PMCID: PMC9974260 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3375109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Background No pan-cancer study has been conducted till date to explore the comprehensive oncogenic roles of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). Methods TCGA, TIMER, GEPIA, UALCAN, STRING, and other databases were used to analyze the expression, prognostic roles, epigenetic variants, and possible oncogenic mechanisms of PKM2. Proteomic sequencing data and PRM were applied to validate. Results PKM2 showed higher expression in majority of cancers, the expression being significantly correlated with the clinical stage. Higher expression of PKM2 was associated with lower OS and DFS in several cancers, such as MESO and PAAD. In addition, the epigenetic variation of PKM2, including gene alteration, mutation type and sites, DNA methylation, and phosphorylation, showed diversity in different cancers. All four methods indicated that PKM2 is positively associated with the immune infiltration of tumor-associated fibroblasts, such as in THCA, GBM, and SARC. Further mechanistic exploration suggested that the ribosome pathway might play an essential role in the regulation of PKM2, and interestingly, four out of ten hub genes were found to be highly related to OS in several cancers. Finally, in thyroid cancer specimen, we validated the expression and potential mechanisms by proteomic sequencing and PRM validation. Conclusion In the majority of cancers, the higher expression of PKM2 was highly associated with poor prognosis. Further molecular mechanism exploration implied that PKM2 might serve as a potential target for cancer survival and immunotherapy by regulating the ribosome pathway.
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Splicing factor SRSF3 represses translation of p21 cip1/waf1 mRNA. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:933. [PMID: 36344491 PMCID: PMC9640673 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) is an RNA binding protein that most often regulates gene expression at the splicing level. Although the role of SRSF3 in mRNA splicing in the nucleus is well known, its splicing-independent role outside of the nucleus is poorly understood. Here, we found that SRSF3 exerts a translational control of p21 mRNA. Depletion of SRSF3 induces cellular senescence and increases the expression of p21 independent of p53. Consistent with the expression patterns of SRSF3 and p21 mRNA in the TCGA database, SRSF3 knockdown increases the p21 mRNA level and its translation efficiency as well. SRSF3 physically associates with the 3'UTR region of p21 mRNA and the translational initiation factor, eIF4A1. Our study proposes a model in which SRSF3 regulates translation by interacting with eIF4A1 at the 3'UTR region of p21 mRNA. We also found that SRSF3 localizes to the cytoplasmic RNA granule along with eIF4A1, which may assist in translational repression therein. Thus, our results provide a new mode of regulation for p21 expression, a crucial regulator of the cell cycle and senescence, which occurs at the translational level and involves SRSF3.
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Feng J, Zhou J, Lin Y, Huang W. hnRNP A1 in RNA metabolism regulation and as a potential therapeutic target. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986409. [PMID: 36339596 PMCID: PMC9634572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal RNA metabolism, regulated by various RNA binding proteins, can have functional consequences for multiple diseases. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) is an important RNA binding protein, that regulates various RNA metabolic processes, including transcription, alternative splicing of pre-mRNA, translation, miRNA processing and mRNA stability. As a potent splicing factor, hnRNP A1 can regulate multiple splicing events, including itself, collaborating with other cooperative or antagonistical splicing factors by binding to splicing sites and regulatory elements in exons or introns. hnRNP A1 can modulate gene transcription by directly interacting with promoters or indirectly impacting Pol II activities. Moreover, by interacting with the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) or 3′-UTR of mRNAs, hnRNP A1 can affect mRNA translation. hnRNP A1 can alter the stability of mRNAs by binding to specific locations of 3′-UTR, miRNAs biogenesis and Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. In this review, we conclude the selective sites where hnRNP A1 binds to RNA and DNA, and the co-regulatory factors that interact with hnRNP A1. Given the dysregulation of hnRNP A1 in diverse diseases, especially in cancers and neurodegeneration diseases, targeting hnRNP A1 for therapeutic treatment is extremely promising. Therefore, this review also provides the small-molecule drugs, biomedicines and novel strategies targeting hnRNP A1 for therapeutic purposes.
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Rihan M, Sharma SS. Role of Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2) in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 16:382-402. [PMID: 36178660 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the world's leading cause of death, accounting for 32% of all fatalities. Although therapeutic agents are available for CVDs, however, most of them have significant limitations such as the time-dependency effect, hypotension, and bradycardia. To overcome the limitations of current pharmacological therapies, new molecular targets and pathways need to be identified and investigated to provide better treatment options for CVDs. Recent evidence suggested the involvement of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and targeting PKM2 by its modulators (inhibitors and activators) has shown promising results in several CVDs. PKM2 regulates gene activation in the context of apoptosis, mitosis, hypoxia, inflammation, and metabolic reprogramming. PKM2 modulators might have a significant impact on the molecular pathways involved in CVD pathogenesis. Therefore, PKM2 modulators can be one of the therapeutic options for CVDs. This review provides an insight into PKM2 involvement in various CVDs along with their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rihan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India.
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SRSF3 Restriction Eases Cervical Cancer Cell Viability and Metastasis via Adjusting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:8497078. [PMID: 36237584 PMCID: PMC9529520 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8497078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of SRSF3 on the viability and metastasis of cervical cancer (CC) SiHa and Hela cells. Methods In vitro, HeLa cells and SiHa cells were cultured. In cervical cancer cells, RNA interference technology was utilized to lessen the SRSF3 level, and via RT-PCR utilization, the SRSF3 level in every group of cells was revealed. By employing the CCK-8 method, the OD value was revealed in every group at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. On the migration of cervical cancer SiHa and HeLa cells via transwell utilizing, the consequence of SRSF3 was surveyed. Through western blotting utilizing, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-connected proteins levels was revealed. Results In SiHa cells, contrasted to the NC-SiHa group, the SRSF3 level, the number of invasive cells per unit area, the p-PI3K/PI3K level, the p-AKT/AKT level, and the p-mTOR/mTOR level in the si-SRSF3 group were substantially lessened. The OD value at 490 nm of the si-SRSF3 group had no impressive divergence, contrasted to the NC-SiHa group at 24 h. At 48 h, the OD value of the si-SRSF3 group was impressively lessened than that of the NC-SiHa group. This connection was time-dependent. In HeLa cells, the SRSF3 level, the number of invasive cells per unit area, the level of p-PI3K/PI3K, the level of p-AKT/AKT, and the level of p-mTOR/mTOR in the cells of the si-SRSF3 group in the NC-HeLa group were impressively lessened than those in the NC-Hela group. Between the NC-HeLa group and the si-SRSF3 group at 24 h, there was no impressive divergence in the OD value at 490 nm. At 48 h, the OD value of the si-SRSF3 group was impressively lessened than that of the NC-SiHa group. This connection is time-dependent. Conclusion Reducing the SRSF3 level can restrain the viability and metastasis of cervical cancer cells via restraining the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Wan L, Deng M, Zhang H. SR Splicing Factors Promote Cancer via Multiple Regulatory Mechanisms. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1659. [PMID: 36140826 PMCID: PMC9498594 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial emerging evidence supports that dysregulated RNA metabolism is associated with tumor initiation and development. Serine/Arginine-Rich proteins (SR) are a number of ultraconserved and structurally related proteins that contain a characteristic RS domain rich in arginine and serine residues. SR proteins perform a critical role in spliceosome assembling and conformational transformation, contributing to precise alternative RNA splicing. Moreover, SR proteins have been reported to participate in multiple other RNA-processing-related mechanisms than RNA splicing, such as genome stability, RNA export, and translation. The dysregulation of SR proteins has been reported to contribute to tumorigenesis through multiple mechanisms. Here we reviewed the different biological roles of SR proteins and strategies for functional rectification of SR proteins that may serve as potential therapeutic approaches for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ledong Wan
- Department of Pathology, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Pathology, First Peoples Hospital Fuyang, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Shen X, Kong S, Ma S, Shen L, zheng M, Qin S, Qi J, Wang Q, Cui X, Ju S. Hsa_circ_0000437 promotes pathogenesis of gastric cancer and lymph node metastasis. Oncogene 2022; 41:4724-4735. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhao PY, Jiao YN, Ma ZF, Yan Y, Li YX, Hu SD, Li SY, Du XH. Publication trends and hotspots of drug resistance in colorectal cancer during 2002-2021: A bibliometric and visualized analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:947658. [PMID: 36110958 PMCID: PMC9469653 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.947658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundChemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have demonstrated expected clinical efficacy, while drug resistance remains the predominant limiting factor to therapeutic failure in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Although there have been numerous basic and clinical studies on CRC resistance in recent years, few publications utilized the bibliometric method to evaluate this field. The objective of current study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state and changing trends of drug resistance in CRC over the past 20 years.MethodsThe Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) was utilized to extracted all studies regarding drug resistance in CRC during 2002-2021. CiteSpace and online platform of bibliometrics were used to evaluate the contributions of various countries/regions, institutions, authors and journals in this field. Moreover, the recent research hotspots and promising future trends were identified through keywords analysis by CiteSpace and VOSviewer.Results1451 related publications from 2002 to 2021 in total were identified and collected. The number of global publications in this field has increased annually. China and the USA occupied the top two places with respect to the number of publications, contributing more than 60% of global publications. Sun Yat-sen University and Oncotarget were the institution and journal which published the most papers, respectively. Bardelli A from Italy was the most prolific writer and had the highest H-index. Keywords burst analysis identified that “Growth factor receptor”, “induced apoptosis” and “panitumumab” were the ones with higher burst strength in the early stage of this field. Analysis of keyword emergence time showed that “oxaliplatin resistance”, “MicroRNA” and “epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)” were the keywords with later average appearing year (AAY).ConclusionsThe number of publications and research interest on drug resistance in CRC have been increasing annually. The USA and China were the main driver and professor Bardelli A was the most outstanding researcher in this field. Previous studies have mainly concentrated on growth factor receptor and induced apoptosis. Oxaliplatin resistance, microRNA and EMT as recently appeared frontiers of research that should be closely tracked in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-hui Du
- *Correspondence: Xiao-hui Du, ; Peng-yue Zhao,
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A critical update on the strategies towards small molecule inhibitors targeting Serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins and Serine/arginine-rich proteins related kinases in alternative splicing. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 70:116921. [PMID: 35863237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
>90% of genes in the human body undergo alternative splicing (AS) after transcription, which enriches protein species and regulates protein levels. However, there is growing evidence that various genetic isoforms resulting from dysregulated alternative splicing are prevalent in various types of cancers. Dysregulated alternative splicing leads to cancer generation and maintenance of cancer properties such as proliferation differentiation, apoptosis inhibition, invasion metastasis, and angiogenesis. Serine/arginine-rich proteins and SR protein-associated kinases mediate splice site recognition and splice complex assembly during variable splicing. Based on the impact of dysregulated alternative splicing on disease onset and progression, the search for small molecule inhibitors targeting alternative splicing is imminent. In this review, we discuss the structure and specific biological functions of SR proteins and describe the regulation of SR protein function by SR protein related kinases meticulously, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various types of cancers. On this basis, we summarize the reported small molecule inhibitors targeting SR proteins and SR protein related kinases from the perspective of medicinal chemistry. We mainly categorize small molecule inhibitors from four aspects, including targeting SR proteins, targeting Serine/arginine-rich protein-specific kinases (SRPKs), targeting Cdc2-like kinases (CLKs) and targeting dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases (DYRKs), in terms of structure, inhibition target, specific mechanism of action, biological activity, and applicable diseases. With this review, we are expected to provide a timely summary of recent advances in alternative splicing regulated by kinases and a preliminary introduction to relevant small molecule inhibitors.
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Li F, Zhao C, Diao Y, Wang Z, Peng J, Yang N, Qiu C, Kong B, Li Y. MEX3A promotes the malignant progression of ovarian cancer by regulating intron retention in TIMELESS. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:553. [PMID: 35715407 PMCID: PMC9205863 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The latest research shows that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) could serve as novel potential targets for cancer therapy. We used bioinformatics analysis to screen and identify the key RBPs in ovarian cancer, from which we found that Mex-3 RNA Binding Family Member A (MEX3A) was intimately associated with the clinical prognosis of ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, little is known about its biological roles in ovarian cancer. In this case, we observed that MEX3A was highly overexpressed in fresh-frozen ovarian cancer tissues. MEX3A knockdown suppressed the development and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, while MEX3A overexpression promoted the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Mechanistically, TIMELESS was the critical downstream target gene of MEX3A, as demonstrated through alternative splicing event analysis based on RNA-seq. MEX3A knockdown resulted in retention of intron twenty-three of TIMELESS mRNA and decreased TIMELESS mRNA owing to stimulation of nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD). Additionally, we found that TIMELESS overexpression with MEX3A knockdown partially restored the proliferation ability of ovarian cancer cells. The results of this paper demonstrated that the MEX3A/TIMELESS signaling pathway was a key regulator of ovarian cancer, and MEX3A was a novel possible treatment target for ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Li
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China ,grid.452240.50000 0004 8342 6962Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256600 Shangdong China
| | - Chen Zhao
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China
| | - Yuchao Diao
- grid.412521.10000 0004 1769 1119Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000 Shangdong China
| | - Zixiang Wang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China
| | - Jiali Peng
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China
| | - Ning Yang
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China
| | - Chunping Qiu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China
| | - Beihua Kong
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China
| | - Yingwei Li
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China
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Autophagy regulation by RNA alternative splicing and implications in human diseases. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2735. [PMID: 35585060 PMCID: PMC9117662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and RNA alternative splicing are two evolutionarily conserved processes involved in overlapping physiological and pathological processes. However, the extent of functional connection is not well defined. Here, we consider the role for alternative splicing and generation of autophagy-related gene isoforms in the regulation of autophagy in recent work. The impact of changes to the RNA alternative splicing machinery and production of alternative spliced isoforms on autophagy are reviewed with particular focus on disease relevance. The use of drugs targeting both alternative splicing and autophagy as well as the selective regulation of single autophagy-related protein isoforms, are considered as therapeutic strategies. Both alternative splicing and autophagy are core cell biological processes, but where they intersect has received little attention. Here, the authors reflect on recent connections identified between these pathways and consider their impact on human disease.
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A novel SRSF3 inhibitor, SFI003, exerts anticancer activity against colorectal cancer by modulating the SRSF3/DHCR24/ROS axis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:238. [PMID: 35501301 PMCID: PMC9061822 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As the modulation of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) may be therapeutically beneficial to colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, the identification of novel SRSF3 inhibitors is highly anticipated. However, pharmaceutical agents targeting SRSF3 have not yet been discovered. Here, we propose a functional SRSF3 inhibitor for CRC therapy and elucidate its antitumor mechanisms. We found high expression of SRSF3 in 70.6% CRC tissues. Silencing SRSF3 markedly inhibits the proliferation and migration of CRC cells through suppression of its target gene 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24). This is evidenced by the links between SRSF3 and DHCR24 in CRC tissues. The novel SRSF3 inhibitor SFI003 exhibits potent antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo, which drives apoptosis of CRC cells via the SRSF3/DHCR24/reactive oxygen species (ROS) axis. Moreover, SFI003 is druggable with suitable pharmacokinetic properties, bioavailability, and tumor distribution. Thus, SRSF3 is a novel potential therapeutic target for CRC. Its inhibitor SFI003 may be developed as an anticancer therapeutic.
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Khan MZI, Tam MSY, Azam Z, Law HKW. Proteomic profiling of metabolic proteins as potential biomarkers of radioresponsiveness for colorectal cancer. J Proteomics 2022; 262:104600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Alizadeh M, Schledwitz A, Cheng K, Raufman JP. Mechanistic Clues Provided by Concurrent Changes in the Expression of Genes Encoding the M 1 Muscarinic Receptor, β-Catenin Signaling Proteins, and Downstream Targets in Adenocarcinomas of the Colon. Front Physiol 2022; 13:857563. [PMID: 35370785 PMCID: PMC8966224 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.857563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic receptors (MRs) in the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily are recipients and mediators of parasympathetic neural transmission within the central and enteric nervous systems. MR subtypes, M1R-M5R, encoded by CHRM1-CHRM5, expressed widely throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, modulate a range of critical, highly regulated activities in healthy tissue, including secretion, motility, and cellular renewal. CHRM3/M3R overexpression in colon cancer is associated with increased cell proliferation, metastasis, and a worse outcome, but little is known about the role of the other four muscarinic receptor subtypes. To address this gap in knowledge, we queried the NCI Genomic Data Commons for publicly available TCGA-COAD samples collected from colon tissue. RNA-seq data were collected and processed for all available primary adenocarcinomas paired with adjacent normal colon. In this unbiased analysis, 78 paired samples were assessed using correlation coefficients and univariate linear regressions; gene ontologies were performed on a subset of correlated genes. We detected a consistent pattern of CHRM1 downregulation across colorectal adenocarcinomas. CHRM1 expression levels were positively associated with those for APC and SMAD4, and negatively associated with CTNNB1, the gene for β-catenin, and with coordinate changes in the expression of β-catenin target genes. These findings implicating CHRM1/M1R as an important deterrent of colon cancer development and progression warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Alizadeh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,The Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alyssa Schledwitz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kunrong Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD, United States,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Jean-Pierre Raufman,
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Chen Y, Yang M, Meng F, Zhang Y, Wang M, Guo X, Yang J, Zhang H, Zhang H, Sun J, Wang W. SRSF3 Promotes Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer by Splicing SRF. Front Oncol 2022; 12:810610. [PMID: 35198444 PMCID: PMC8859257 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.810610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SRSF3, an important member of the serine/arginine-rich protein (SRp) family, is highly expressed in various tumors and plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. However, it is still unclear whether SRSF3 is involved in tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we first revealed that SRSF3 regulated the expression of numerous genes related to angiogenesis, including proangiogenic SRF. Then, we confirmed that SRSF3 was highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and was positively correlated with SRF. Mechanistic studies revealed that SRSF3 directly bound to the “CAUC” motif in exon 6 of SRF and induced the exclusion of introns. Knockdown of SRSF3 significantly reduced the secretion of VEGF from CRC cells. Conditioned medium from SRSF3-knockdown CRC cells significantly inhibited the migration, invasion and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, SRF silencing inhibited angiogenesis, while SRF overexpression reversed the antiangiogenic effects of SRSF3 knockdown on tube formation. These findings indicate that SRSF3 is involved in the splicing of SRF and thereby regulates the angiogenesis of CRC, which offers novel insight into antiangiogenic therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshuang Chen
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Man Yang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fanyi Meng
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuqin Guo
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Medical Technology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Medical Technology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Xiong J, Chen Y, Wang W, Sun J. Biological function and molecular mechanism of SRSF3 in cancer and beyond. Oncol Lett 2021; 23:21. [PMID: 34858525 PMCID: PMC8617561 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3; also known as SRp20), an important member of the family of SRSFs, is abnormally expressed in tumors, resulting in aberrant splicing of hub genes, such as CD44, HER2, MDM4, Rac family small GTPase 1 and tumor protein p53. Under normal conditions, the splicing and expression of SRSF3 are strictly regulated. However, the splicing, expression and phosphorylation of SRSF3 are abnormal in tumors. SRSF3 plays important roles in the occurrence and development of tumors, including the promotion of tumorigenesis, cellular proliferation, the cell cycle and metastasis, as well as inhibition of cell senescence, apoptosis and autophagy. SRSF3-knockdown significantly inhibits the proliferation and metastatic characteristics of tumor cells. Therefore, SRSF3 may be suggested as a novel anti-tumor target. The other biological functions of SRSF3 and its regulatory mechanisms are also summarized in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiong
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, P.R. China
| | - Yinshuang Chen
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, P.R. China
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Farhana A, Koh AEH, Tong JB, Alsrhani A, Kumar Subbiah S, Mok PL. Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Camptothecin: Epigenetic Modulation in DNA Repair Mechanisms in Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:5414. [PMID: 34500845 PMCID: PMC8434408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular crosstalk between the cellular epigenome and genome converge as a synergistic driver of oncogenic transformations. Besides other pathways, epigenetic regulatory circuits exert their effect towards cancer progression through the induction of DNA repair deficiencies. We explored this mechanism using a camptothecin encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin-EDTA-Fe3O4 nanoparticles (CPT-CEF)-treated HT29 cells model. We previously demonstrated that CPT-CEF treatment of HT29 cells effectively induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, stalling cancer progression. A comparative transcriptome analysis of CPT-CEF-treated versus untreated HT29 cells indicated that genes controlling mismatch repair, base excision repair, and homologues recombination were downregulated in these cancer cells. Our study demonstrated that treatment with CPT-CEF alleviated this repression. We observed that CPT-CEF exerts its effect by possibly affecting the DNA repair mechanism through epigenetic modulation involving genes of HMGB1, APEX1, and POLE3. Hence, we propose that CPT-CEF could be a DNA repair modulator that harnesses the cell's epigenomic plasticity to amend DNA repair deficiencies in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Avin Ee-Hwan Koh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Jia Bei Tong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Abdullah Alsrhani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (P.L.M.)
| | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Bharath University, Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (P.L.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Yuan Y, Liu M, Hou P, Liang L, Sun X, Gan L, Liu T. Identification of a metabolic signature to predict overall survival for colorectal cancer. Scand J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:1078-1087. [PMID: 34261388 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1948605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic genes are associated with the occurrence and development of tumors. Metabolic-related risk models have showed partly prognostic predictive ability in cancers. However, the correlation between metabolic-related genes (MRGs) and the outcome of colorectal cancer is still poorly understood. PATIENTS AND METHODS TCGA database is used as the training cohort; while GSE39582 is the verification cohort. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis were utilized to identify the MRGs and establish a genetic risk scoring model. A nomogram by integrating MRGs risk scores with TNM stage was constructed. The potential biological mechanisms were explored using gene set enrichment analysis. Associations of the signature with immune cell infiltrations and the tumor mutation burden (TMB) were also uncovered by Spearman rank test. RESULTS A six-gene metabolic signature was identified. Based on the risk scoring model with the signature, patients were divided into two groups (high-risk versus low-risk). The overall survival (OS) duration of patients with high-risk were quite shorter than those of low-risk patients (TCGA: p < .001, GSE39582: p < .001). Metabolic-related pathways were major enriched in low-risk group, while the high-risk group exhibited multiple immune-related pathways. Moreover, our signature was more linear dependent with antigen-presenting cell than effector immune cells, and a positive correction were seen between our signature and TMB. CONCLUSION Our research has discovered a six-gene metabolic signature to predict the OS of colorectal cancer. These genes may play significant roles in colorectal cancer regulating tumor microenvironment and serving as potential biomarkers for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcong Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center of Evidence‑Based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Alternative splicing of mRNA in colorectal cancer: new strategies for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:752. [PMID: 34330892 PMCID: PMC8324868 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is an important event that contributes to posttranscriptional gene regulation. This process leads to several mature transcript variants with diverse physiological functions. Indeed, disruption of various aspects of this multistep process, such as cis- or trans- factor alteration, promotes the progression of colorectal cancer. Therefore, targeting some specific processes of AS may be an effective therapeutic strategy for treating cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the AS events related to colorectal cancer based on research done in the past 5 years. We focus on the mechanisms and functions of variant products of AS that are relevant to malignant hallmarks, with an emphasis on variants with clinical significance. In addition, novel strategies for exploiting the therapeutic value of AS events are discussed.
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40
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He Q, Li Z, Yin J, Li Y, Yin Y, Lei X, Zhu W. Prognostic Significance of Autophagy-Relevant Gene Markers in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:566539. [PMID: 33937013 PMCID: PMC8081889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.566539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant solid tumor with an extremely low survival rate after relapse. Previous investigations have shown that autophagy possesses a crucial function in tumors. However, there is no consensus on the value of autophagy-associated genes in predicting the prognosis of CRC patients. This work screens autophagy-related markers and signaling pathways that may participate in the development of CRC, and establishes a prognostic model of CRC based on autophagy-associated genes. Methods Gene transcripts from the TCGA database and autophagy-associated gene data from the GeneCards database were used to obtain expression levels of autophagy-associated genes, followed by Wilcox tests to screen for autophagy-related differentially expressed genes. Then, 11 key autophagy-associated genes were identified through univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and used to establish prognostic models. Additionally, immunohistochemical and CRC cell line data were used to evaluate the results of our three autophagy-associated genes EPHB2, NOL3, and SNAI1 in TCGA. Based on the multivariate Cox analysis, risk scores were calculated and used to classify samples into high-risk and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, risk profiling, and independent prognosis analysis were carried out. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to estimate the specificity and sensitivity of the prognostic model. Finally, GSEA, GO, and KEGG analysis were performed to identify the relevant signaling pathways. Results A total of 301 autophagy-related genes were differentially expressed in CRC. The areas under the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year receiver operating characteristic curves of the autophagy-based prognostic model for CRC were 0.764, 0.751, and 0.729, respectively. GSEA analysis of the model showed significant enrichment in several tumor-relevant pathways and cellular protective biological processes. The expression of EPHB2, IL-13, MAP2, RPN2, and TRAF5 was correlated with microsatellite instability (MSI), while the expression of IL-13, RPN2, and TRAF5 was related to tumor mutation burden (TMB). GO analysis showed that the 11 target autophagy genes were chiefly enriched in mRNA processing, RNA splicing, and regulation of the mRNA metabolic process. KEGG analysis showed enrichment mainly in spliceosomes. We constructed a prognostic risk assessment model based on 11 autophagy-related genes in CRC. Conclusion A prognostic risk assessment model based on 11 autophagy-associated genes was constructed in CRC. The new model suggests directions and ideas for evaluating prognosis and provides guidance to choose better treatment strategies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jinbao Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuting Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xue Lei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Wang H, Jiang Y. SRp20: A potential therapeutic target for human tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 224:153444. [PMID: 34126370 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As an important member of SR protein family, SRp20 plays a crucial role in alternative splicing. It not only participates in cell cycle regulation, export of mRNA, cleaving of primary microRNAs, homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair, cellular senescence and apoptosis, but also gets involved in the integrity and pluripotency of genome. Alternative splicing maintains a strict balance in the body to ensure the normal physiological function of cells. Once the balance is broken, diseases, even tumors, will follow. Through the analysis of SRp20-related articles, we found that Alzheimer's disease, glaucoma, bipolar disorder and other diseases have a certain relationship with SRp20. More importantly, SRp20 is closely related to the occurrence, proliferation, invasion and metastasis of various tumors, as well as chemotherapy resistance. Some SRp20 inhibitors have shown significant anticancer efficacy, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanxia Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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42
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Deng K, Yao J, Huang J, Ding Y, Zuo J. Abnormal alternative splicing promotes tumor resistance in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101077. [PMID: 33774500 PMCID: PMC8039720 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal alternative splicing is involve in abnormal expression of genes in cancer. Abnormal alternative splicing events promote malignant progression of cancer. Abnormal alternative splicing develops tumor resistance to targeted therapy by changing the target point and signal transduction pathway. Abnormal alternative splicing develops tumor resistance to immunotherapy by changing cell surface antigens and protein structure.
Abnormally alternative splicing events are common hallmark of diverse types of cancers. Splicing variants with aberrant functions play an important role in cancer development. Most importantly, a growing body of evidence has supported that alternative splicing might play a significant role in the therapeutic resistance of tumors. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are the future directions of tumor therapy; however, the loss of antigen targets on the tumor cells surface and alterations in drug efficacy have resulted in the failure of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Interestingly, abnormal alternative splicing, as a strategy to regulate gene expression, is reportedly involved in the reprogramming of cell signaling pathways and epitopes on the tumor cell surface by changing splicing patterns of genes, thus rendering tumors resisted to targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Accordingly, increased knowledge regarding abnormal alternative splicing in tumors may help predict therapeutic resistance during targeted therapy and immunotherapy and lead to novel therapeutic approaches in cancer. Herein, we provide a brief synopsis of abnormal alternative splicing events in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Deng
- The Laboratory of translational medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P R China
| | - Jingwei Yao
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P R China
| | - Jialu Huang
- The Laboratory of translational medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P R China
| | - Yubo Ding
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P R China
| | - Jianhong Zuo
- The Laboratory of translational medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P R China; The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P R China; Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421900, China.
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Zhu HE, Li T, Shi S, Chen DX, Chen W, Chen H. ESCO2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression by regulating hnRNPA1 acetylation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:64. [PMID: 33573689 PMCID: PMC7876794 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates that metabolism reprogramming and abnormal acetylation modification play an important role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression, although the mechanism is largely unknown. METHODS Here, we used three public databases (Oncomine, Gene Expression Omnibus [GEO], The Cancer Genome Atlas [TCGA]) to analyze ESCO2 (establishment of cohesion 1 homolog 2) expression in LUAD. The biological function of ESCO2 was studiedusing cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, and invasion assays in vitro, and mouse xenograft models in vivo. ESCO2 interacting proteins were searched using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and mass spectrometry. Pyruvate kinase M1/2 (PKM) mRNA splicing assay was performed using RT-PCR together with restriction digestion. LUAD cell metabolism was studied using glucose uptake assays and lactate production. ESCO2 expression was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues, and higher ESCO2 expression indicated worse prognosis for patients with LUAD. RESULTS We found that ESCO2 promoted LUAD cell proliferation and metastasis metabolic reprogramming in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ESCO2 increased hnRNPA1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1) binding to the intronic sequences flanking exon 9 (EI9) of PKM mRNA by inhibiting hnRNPA1 nuclear translocation, eventually inhibiting PKM1 isoform formation and inducing PKM2 isoform formation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that ESCO2 is a key factor in promoting LUAD malignant progression and suggest that it is a new target for treating LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Er Zhu
- Department of General Practice, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South China Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - De-Xiong Chen
- Department of General Practice, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Chen
- Department of Respiratory, The People's Hospital of Qingyuan, Sixth Affiliate Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511518, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, P.R. China.
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Discovery of Functional Alternatively Spliced PKM Transcripts in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020348. [PMID: 33478099 PMCID: PMC7835739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pyruvate kinase muscle type (PKM) is a key enzyme in glycolysis and is a mediator of the Warburg effect in tumors. The association of PKM with survival of cancer patients is controversial. In this study, we investigated the associations of the alternatively spliced transcripts of PKM with cancer patients’ survival outcomes and explained the conflicts in previous studies. We discovered three poorly studied alternatively spliced PKM transcripts that exhibited opposite prognostic indications in different human cancers based on integrative systems analysis. We also detected their protein products and explored their potential biological functions based on in-vitro experiments. Our analysis demonstrated that alternatively spliced transcripts of not only PKM but also other genes should be considered in cancer studies, since it may enable the discovery and targeting of the right protein product for development of the efficient treatment strategies. Abstract Pyruvate kinase muscle type (PKM) is a key enzyme in glycolysis and plays an important oncological role in cancer. However, the association of PKM expression and the survival outcome of patients with different cancers is controversial. We employed systems biology methods to reveal prognostic value and potential biological functions of PKM transcripts in different human cancers. Protein products of transcripts were shown and detected by western blot and mass spectrometry analysis. We focused on different transcripts of PKM and investigated the associations between their mRNA expression and the clinical survival of the patients in 25 different cancers. We find that the transcripts encoding PKM2 and three previously unstudied transcripts, namely ENST00000389093, ENST00000568883, and ENST00000561609, exhibited opposite prognostic indications in different cancers. Moreover, we validated the prognostic effect of these transcripts in an independent kidney cancer cohort. Finally, we revealed that ENST00000389093 and ENST00000568883 possess pyruvate kinase enzymatic activity and may have functional roles in metabolism, cell invasion, and hypoxia response in cancer cells. Our study provided a potential explanation to the controversial prognostic indication of PKM, and could invoke future studies focusing on revealing the biological and oncological roles of these alternative spliced variants of PKM.
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Taniguchi K, Uchiyama K, Akao Y. PTBP1-targeting microRNAs regulate cancer-specific energy metabolism through the modulation of PKM1/M2 splicing. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:41-50. [PMID: 33070451 PMCID: PMC7780020 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the microRNAs (miRNAs) regulatory system has become indispensable for physiological/oncological research. Tissue and organ specificities are key features of miRNAs that should be accounted for in cancer research. Further, cancer-specific energy metabolism, referred to as the Warburg effect, has been positioned as a key cancer feature. Enhancement of the glycolysis pathway in cancer cells is what primarily characterizes the Warburg effect. Pyruvate kinase M1/2 (PKM1/2) are key molecules of the complex glycolytic system; their distribution is organ-specific. In fact, PKM2 overexpression has been detected in various cancer cells. PKM isoforms are generated by alternative splicing by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins. In addition, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) is essential for the production of PKM2 in cancer cells. Recently, several studies focusing on non-coding RNA elucidated PTBP1 or PKM2 regulatory mechanisms, including control by miRNAs, and their association with cancer. In this review, we discuss the strong relationship between the organ-specific distribution of miRNAs and the expression of PKM in the context of PTBP1 gene regulation. Moreover, we focus on the impact of PTBP1-targeting miRNA dysregulation on the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Taniguchi
- Department of General and Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka Medical CollegeOsakaJapan
- Translational Research ProgramOsaka Medical CollegeOsakaJapan
| | - Kazuhisa Uchiyama
- Department of General and Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka Medical CollegeOsakaJapan
| | - Yukihiro Akao
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
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Wang Q, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhang M, Shen Z, Ye Y, Jiang K, Wang S. Landscape of cell heterogeneity and evolutionary trajectory in ulcerative colitis-associated colon cancer revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Chin J Cancer Res 2021; 33:271-288. [PMID: 34158745 PMCID: PMC8181874 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2021.02.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of this study was to get preliminary insight on the intra-tumor heterogeneity in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and to reveal a potential evolutionary trajectory from ulcerative colitis (UC) to CAC at the single-cell level. Methods Fresh samples of tumor tissues and adjacent UC tissues from a CAC patient with pT3N1M0 stage cancer were examined by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Human Protein Atlas were used to confirm the different expression levels in normal and tumor tissues and to determine their relationships with patient prognosis. Results Ultimately, 4,777 single-cell transcriptomes (1,220 genes per cell) were examined, of which 2,250 (47%) and 2,527 (53%) originated from tumor and adjacent UC tissues, respectively. We defined the composition of cancer-associated stromal cells and identified six cell clusters, including myeloid, T and B cells, fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells. Notable pathways and transcription factors involved in these cell clusters were analyzed and described. Moreover, the precise cellular composition and developmental trajectory from UC to UC-associated colon cancer were graphed, and it was predicted that CD74, CLCA1, and DPEP1 played a potential role in disease progression.
Conclusions scRNA-seq technology revealed intra-tumor cell heterogeneity in UC-associated colon cancer, and might provide a promising direction to identify novel potential therapeutic targets in the evolution from UC to CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhanlong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Kewei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Du JX, Zhu GQ, Cai JL, Wang B, Luo YH, Chen C, Cai CZ, Zhang SJ, Zhou J, Fan J, Zhu W, Dai Z. Splicing factors: Insights into their regulatory network in alternative splicing in cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 501:83-104. [PMID: 33309781 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
More than 95% of all human genes are alternatively spliced after transcription, which enriches the diversity of proteins and regulates transcript and/or protein levels. The splicing isoforms produced from the same gene can manifest distinctly, even exerting opposite effects. Mounting evidence indicates that the alternative splicing (AS) mechanism is ubiquitous in various cancers and drives the generation and maintenance of various hallmarks of cancer, such as enhanced proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, and angiogenesis. Splicing factors (SFs) play pivotal roles in the recognition of splice sites and the assembly of spliceosomes during AS. In this review, we mainly discuss the similarities and differences of SF domains, the details of SF function in AS, the effect of SF-driven pathological AS on different hallmarks of cancer, and the main drivers of SF expression level and subcellular localization. In addition, we briefly introduce the application prospects of targeted therapeutic strategies, including small-molecule inhibitors, siRNAs and splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs), from three perspectives (drivers, SFs and pathological AS). Finally, we share our insights into the potential direction of research on SF-centric AS-related regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xian Du
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gui-Qi Zhu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia-Liang Cai
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi-Hong Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cheng-Zhe Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Si-Jia Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhi Dai
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Cheng X, Li X, Gu Y, Zhou L, Tang J, Dai X, Jiang H, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Xu T, Liu Z, Zhao Q. Comprehensive Analysis of Alternative Splicing Signature in Gastric Cancer Prognosis Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and SpliceSeq Databases. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925772. [PMID: 33219199 PMCID: PMC7687027 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that the alternative splicing (AS) signature plays a role in the carcinogenesis and prognosis of various cancers. However, the prognostic role of AS in gastric cancer is not clear and needs to be clarified. MATERIAL AND METHODS To identify the differentially expressed AS (DEAS) events, we performed a differential expression analysis between normal and tumor tissue. The DEAS event was further applied to construct a prognostic signature by performing univariate Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. The Kaplan-Meier curve analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the AS signature. In addition, the network of the splicing events with splicing factors was constructed using the Cytoscape software. RESULTS A total of 30 005 alternative splicing (AS) events with 372 patients were retrieved from the SpliceSeq database and TCGA database. By performing differential expression analysis, a total of 419 alternative splicing events were screened out, including 56 upregulated and 363 downregulated. We further constructed an AS-related prognostic signature by conducting a series bioinformatics analyses. Moreover, we identified that the AS signature could serve as an independent predictor for the prognosis of GC. We also found that AS signature had a more robust and precise efficacy for prognostic prediction in GC patients. Interestingly, the areas under 3- and 5-year survival curves are similar, both of which are greater than 1-year survival curve, suggesting that the long-term predictive accuracy of our prognostic model built upon AS signature is superior. CONCLUSIONS We performed a comprehensive analysis of overall prognostic-associated AS events concerning GC and constructed a prognostic model to predict the long-term prognostic survival outcomes in GC patients. We also developed a network of splicing events with splicing factors to reveal new potential molecular diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Xianghua Li
- Guangzhou Da'an Clinical Test Center Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Yimei Gu
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Lianbang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Xiang Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yingfeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Tongtong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Zhining Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Qihong Zhao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
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Zhou Z, Gong Q, Lin Z, Wang Y, Li M, Wang L, Ding H, Li P. Emerging Roles of SRSF3 as a Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:577636. [PMID: 33072610 PMCID: PMC7544984 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.577636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ser/Arg-rich (SR) proteins are RNA-binding proteins known as constitutive and alternative splicing (AS) regulators that regulate multiple aspects of the gene expression program. Ser/Arg-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) is the smallest member of the SR protein family, and its level is controlled by multiple factors and involves complex mechanisms in eukaryote cells, whereas the aberrant expression of SRSF3 is associated with many human diseases, including cancer. Here, we review state-of-the-art research on SRSF3 in terms of its function, expression, and misregulation in human cancers. We emphasize the negative consequences of the overexpression of the SRSF3 oncogene in cancers, the pathways underlying SRSF3-mediated transformation, and implications of potential anticancer drugs by downregulation of SRSF3 expression for cancer therapy. Cumulative research on SRSF3 provides critical insight into its essential part in maintaining cellular processes, offering potential new targets for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Zhou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Gong
- Departments of Pediatrics, Second Clinical Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijuan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengkun Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongfei Ding
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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50
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Guo C, Gao YY, Ju QQ, Zhang CX, Gong M, Li ZL. LINC00649 underexpression is an adverse prognostic marker in acute myeloid leukemia. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:841. [PMID: 32883226 PMCID: PMC7469387 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play a role in leukemogenesis, maintenance, development, and therapeutic resistance of AML. While few studies have focused on the prognostic significance of LINC00649 in AML, which we aim to investigate in this present study. METHODS We compared the expression level of LINC00649 between AML patients and healthy controls. The Kaplan-Meier curves of AML patients expressing high versus low level of LINC00649 was performed. The LINC00649 correlated genes/miRNAs/lncRNAs and methylation CpG sites were screened by Pearson correlation analysis with R (version 3.6.0), using TCGA-LAML database. The LINC00649 associated ceRNA network was established using lncBase 2.0 and miRWalk 2.0 online tools, combining results from correlation analysis. Finally, a prediction model was constructed using LASSO-Cox regression. RESULTS LINC00649 was underexpressed in bone marrow of AML group than that in healthy control group. The patients of LINC00649-low group have significantly inferior PFS and OS. A total of 154 mRNAs, 31 miRNAs, 28 lncRNAs and 1590 methylated CpG sites were identified to be significantly correlated with LINC00649. Furthermore, the network of ceRNA was established with 6 miRNAs and 122 mRNAs. The Lasso-Cox model fitted OS/PFS to novel prediction models, which integrated clinical factors, ELN risk stratification, mRNA/miRNA expression and methylation profiles. The analysis of time-dependent ROC for our model showed a superior AUC (AUC = 0.916 at 1 year, AUC = 0.916 at 3 years, and AUC = 0.891 at 5 years). CONCLUSIONS Low expression of LINC00649 is a potential unfavorable prognostic marker for AML patients, which requires the further validation. The analysis by LASSO-COX regression identified a novel comprehensive model with a superior diagnostic utility, which integrated clinical and genetic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Street, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Yue Gao
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Street, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Qian Ju
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Street, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Xia Zhang
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Street, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Gong
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Street, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Ling Li
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Street, Beijing, China.
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