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Li T, Zhang X, Hu Y, Gao X, Yao X, Xu Z. Development of gelatin-methacryloyl composite carriers for bone morphogenetic Protein-2 delivery: A potential strategy for spinal fusion. J Biomater Appl 2024; 39:195-206. [PMID: 38877801 DOI: 10.1177/08853282241258302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
To reduce the risk of nonunion after spinal fusion surgery, the in situ transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) induced toward osteogenic differentiation by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) has been proven effective. However, the current biological agents used for transplantation have limitations, such as a short half-life and low bioavailability. To address this, our study utilized a safe and effective gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) as a carrier for BMP2. In vitro, experiments were conducted to observe the ability of this composite vehicle to induce osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The results showed that the GelMA hydrogel, with its critical properties and controlled release performance of BMP2, exhibited a slow release of BMP2 over 30 days. Moreover, the GelMA hydrogel not only enhanced the proliferation activity of BMSCs but also significantly promoted their osteogenic differentiation ability, surpassing the BMP2 effects. To investigate the potential of the GelMA-BMP2 composite vehicle, a rabbit model was employed to explore its ability to induce in situ intervertebral fusion by BMSCs. Transplantation experiments in rabbits demonstrated the effective induction of intervertebral bone fusion by the GelMA-BMP2-BMSC composite vehicle. In conclusion, the GelMA-BMP2-BMSC composite vehicle shows promising prospects in preclinical translational therapy for spinal intervertebral fusion. It addresses the limitations of current biological agents and offers a controlled release of BMP2, enhancing the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yicun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xidan Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xin Yao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, PR China
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2
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Lim JH, Kim SE, Kim HJ, Song GG, Jung JH. Intra-articular injection of stigmasterol-loaded nanoparticles reduce pain and inhibit the inflammation and joint destruction in osteoarthritis rat model: A pilot study. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1969-1981. [PMID: 38200400 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Stigmasterol, a plant-derived sterol, sharing structural similarity with cholesterol, has demonstrated anti-osteoarthritis (OA) properties, attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities. Given that OA often arises in weight bearing or overused joints, prolonged localized treatment effectively targets inflammatory aspects of the disease. This research explored the impact of stigmasterol-loaded nanoparticles delivered via intra-articular injections in an OA rat model. Employing mesoporous silica nanomaterials (MSNs) combined with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as a vehicle, stigmasterol was loaded in conjunction with tannic acid, forming stigmasterol/β-CD-MSNs to facilitate a sustained stigmasterol release. The study employed RAW 264.7 cells to examine the in vitro cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effect of stigmasterol/β-CD-MSNs. For in vivo experimentation, we used healthy control rats and monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA rats, separated into five groups, varying the injection substances. In vitro findings indicated that stigmasterol/β-CD-MSNs suppressed the mRNA expression of key pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo experiments revealed a substantial decrease in the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the stigmasterol(50 µg)/β-CD-MSN group compared to the others. Macroscopic, radiographic, and histological evaluations established that intra-articular injections of stigmasterol/β-CD-MSNs inhibited cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone deterioration. Therefore, in a chemically induced OA rat model, intra-articular stigmasterol delivery was associated with reduction in both local and systemic inflammatory responses, alongside a slowdown in joint degradation and arthritic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lim
- Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jun Kim
- Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan Gyu Song
- Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Jung
- Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Wang R, He X, Su S, Bai J, Liu H, Zhou F. Multifunctional tannic acid-based nanocomposite methacrylated silk fibroin hydrogel with the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and reduce inflammation for bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131357. [PMID: 38580010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The microenvironment of bone defect site is vital for bone regeneration. Severe bone defect is often accompanied with severe inflammation and elevated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during bone repair. In recent years, the unfriendly local microenvironment has been paid more and more attention. Some bioactive materials with the ability to regulate the microenvironment to promote bone regeneration urgently need to be developed. Here, we develop a multifunctional composite hydrogel composed of photo-responsive methacrylate silk fibroin (SFMA), laponite (LAP) nanocomposite and tannic acid (TA), aiming to endow hydrogel with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and osteogenic induction ability. Characterization results confirmed that the SFMA-LAP@TA hydrogel could significantly improve the mechanical properties of hydrogel. The ROS-Scavenging ability of the hydrogel enabled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to survive against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. In addition, the SFMA-LAP@TA hydrogel effectively decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in RAW264.7. More importantly, the SFMA-LAP@TA hydrogel could enhance the expression of osteogenic markers of BMSCs under inflammatory condition and greatly promote new bone formation in a critical-sized cranial defect model. Above all, the multifunctional hydrogel could effectively promote bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo by scavenging ROS and reducing inflammation, providing a prospective strategy for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruideng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xi He
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinwu Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China.
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4
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Liu J, Han X, Zhang T, Tian K, Li Z, Luo F. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging biomaterials for anti-inflammatory diseases: from mechanism to therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:116. [PMID: 38037103 PMCID: PMC10687997 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a fundamental defensive response to harmful stimuli, but the overactivation of inflammatory responses is associated with most human diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a class of chemicals that are generated after the incomplete reduction of molecular oxygen. At moderate levels, ROS function as critical signaling molecules in the modulation of various physiological functions, including inflammatory responses. However, at excessive levels, ROS exert toxic effects and directly oxidize biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, further exacerbating the development of inflammatory responses and causing various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, designing and manufacturing biomaterials that scavenge ROS has emerged an important approach for restoring ROS homeostasis, limiting inflammatory responses and protecting the host against damage. This review systematically outlines the dynamic balance of ROS production and clearance under physiological conditions. We focus on the mechanisms by which ROS regulate cell signaling proteins and how these cell signaling proteins further affect inflammation. Furthermore, we discuss the use of potential and currently available-biomaterials that scavenge ROS, including agents that were engineered to reduce ROS levels by blocking ROS generation, directly chemically reacting with ROS, or catalytically accelerating ROS clearance, in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Finally, we evaluate the challenges and prospects for the controlled production and material design of ROS scavenging biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Keyue Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Feng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin Nanlu, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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5
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Yu Y, Kim SM, Park K, Kim HJ, Kim JG, Kim SE. Therapeutic Nanodiamonds Containing Icariin Ameliorate the Progression of Osteoarthritis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15977. [PMID: 37958960 PMCID: PMC10647515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In present study, icariin (ICA)/tannic acid (TA)-nanodiamonds (NDs) were prepared as follows. ICA was anchored to ND surfaces with absorbed TA (ICA/TA-NDs) and we evaluated their in vitro anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages and in vivo cartilage protective effects on a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA). The ICA/TA-NDs showed prolonged release of ICA from the NDs for up to 28 days in a sustained manner. ICA/TA-NDs inhibited the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory elements, including matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and increased the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory factors (i.e., IL-4 and IL-10) in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Animal studies exhibited that intra-articular injection of ICA/TA-NDs notably suppressed levels of IL-6, MMP-3, and TNF-α and induced level of IL-10 in serum of MIA-induced OA rat models in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, these noticeable anti-inflammatory effects of ICA/TA-NDs remarkably contributed to the protection of the progression of MIA-induced OA and cartilage degradation, as exhibited by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), gross findings, and histological investigations. Accordingly, in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that the prolonged ICA delivery of ICA/TA-NDs possesses an excellent latent to improve inflammation as well as defend against cartilage disorder in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (S.-M.K.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Sang-Min Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (S.-M.K.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Kyeongsoon Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hak Jun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (S.-M.K.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Jae Gyoon Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansansi 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (S.-M.K.); (H.J.K.)
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6
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Noh SH, Sung K, Byeon HE, Kim SE, Kim KN. Lactoferrin-Anchored Tannylated Mesoporous Silica Nanomaterials-Induced Bone Fusion in a Rat Model of Lumbar Spinal Fusion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15782. [PMID: 37958766 PMCID: PMC10649596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a potent antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agent found in cow and human colostrum which acts as an osteogenic growth factor. This study aimed to investigate whether LF-anchored tannylated mesoporous silica nanomaterials (TA-MSN-LF) function as a bone fusion material in a rat model. In this study, we created TA-MSN-LF and measured the effects of low (1 μg) and high (100 μg) TA-MSN-LF concentrations in a spinal fusion animal model. Rats were assigned to four groups in this study: defect, MSN, TA-MSN-LF-low (1 μg/mL), and TA-MSN-LF-high (100 μg/mL). Eight weeks after surgery, a greater amount of radiological fusion was identified in the TA-MSN-LF groups than in the other groups. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that new bone fusion was induced in the TA-MSN-LF groups. Additionally, osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, was detected by immunohistochemistry, and its intensity was induced in the TA-MSN-LF groups. The formation of new vessels was induced in the TA-MSN-LF-high group. We also confirmed an increase in the serum osteocalcin level and the mRNA expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin in the TA-MSN-LF groups. TA-MSN-LF showed effective bone fusion and angiogenesis in rats. We suggest that TA-MSN-LF is a potent material for spinal bone fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyun Noh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanghyon Sung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Korea-daero, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hye Eun Byeon
- Institute of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Keung Nyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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7
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Pagani S, Salerno M, Filardo G, Locs J, van Osch GJ, Vecstaudza J, Dolcini L, Borsari V, Fini M, Giavaresi G, Columbaro M. Human Osteoblasts' Response to Biomaterials for Subchondral Bone Regeneration in Standard and Aggressive Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14764. [PMID: 37834212 PMCID: PMC10573262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral lesions, when not properly treated, may evolve into osteoarthritis (OA), especially in the elderly population, where altered joint function and quality are usual. To date, a collagen/collagen-magnesium-hydroxyapatite (Col/Col-Mg-HAp) scaffold (OC) has demonstrated good clinical results, although suboptimal subchondral bone regeneration still limits its efficacy. This study was aimed at evaluating the in vitro osteogenic potential of this scaffold, functionalized with two different strategies: the addition of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) and the incorporation of strontium (Sr)-ion-enriched amorphous calcium phosphate (Sr-ACP) granules. Human osteoblasts were seeded on the functionalized scaffolds (OC+BMP-2 and OC+Sr-ACP, compared to OC) under stress conditions reproduced with the addition of H2O2 to the culture system, as well as in normal conditions, and evaluated in terms of morphology, metabolic activity, gene expression, and matrix synthesis. The OC+BMP-2 scaffold supported a better osteoblast morphology and stimulated scaffold colonization, cell activity, and extracellular matrix secretion, especially in the stressed culture environment but also in normal culture conditions, with increased expression of genes related to osteoblast differentiation. In conclusion, the incorporation of BMP-2 into the Col/Col-Mg-HAp scaffold also represents an improvement of the osteochondral scaffold in more challenging conditions, supporting further preclinical studies to optimize it for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pagani
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (S.P.); (V.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Manuela Salerno
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Janis Locs
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.L.); (J.V.)
| | - Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Vecstaudza
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia; (J.L.); (J.V.)
| | | | - Veronica Borsari
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (S.P.); (V.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Milena Fini
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (S.P.); (V.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Marta Columbaro
- Electron Microscopy Platform, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
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8
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Lin S, Maekawa H, Moeinzadeh S, Lui E, Alizadeh HV, Li J, Kim S, Poland M, Gadomski BC, Easley JT, Young J, Gardner M, Mohler D, Maloney WJ, Yang YP. An osteoinductive and biodegradable intramedullary implant accelerates bone healing and mitigates complications of bone transport in male rats. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4455. [PMID: 37488113 PMCID: PMC10366099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone transport is a surgery-driven procedure for the treatment of large bone defects. However, challenging complications include prolonged consolidation, docking site nonunion and pin tract infection. Here, we develop an osteoinductive and biodegradable intramedullary implant by a hybrid tissue engineering construct technique to enable sustained delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 as an adjunctive therapy. In a male rat bone transport model, the eluting bone morphogenetic protein-2 from the implants accelerates bone formation and remodeling, leading to early bony fusion as shown by imaging, mechanical testing, histological analysis, and microarray assays. Moreover, no pin tract infection but tight osseointegration are observed. In contrast, conventional treatments show higher proportion of docking site nonunion and pin tract infection. The findings of this study demonstrate that the novel intramedullary implant holds great promise for advancing bone transport techniques by promoting bone regeneration and reducing complications in the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hirotsugu Maekawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Elaine Lui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hossein Vahid Alizadeh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sungwoo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael Poland
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Benjamin C Gadomski
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jeremiah T Easley
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jeffrey Young
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael Gardner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - David Mohler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - William J Maloney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yunzhi Peter Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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9
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Bi Z, Shi X, Liao S, Li X, Sun C, Liu J. Strategies of immobilizing BMP-2 with 3D-printed scaffolds to improve osteogenesis. Regen Med 2023; 18:425-441. [PMID: 37125508 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The management and definitive treatment of critical-size bone defects in severe trauma, tumor resection and congenital malformation are troublesome for orthopedic surgeons and patients worldwide without recognized good treatment strategies. Researchers and clinicians are working to develop new strategies to treat these problems. This review aims to summarize the techniques used by additive manufacturing scaffolds loaded with BMP-2 to promote osteogenesis and to analyze the current status and trends in relevant clinical translation. Optimize composite scaffold design to enhance bone regeneration through printing technology, material selection, structure design and loading methods of BMP-2 to advance the clinical therapeutic bone repair field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Bi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Xiaotong Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Shiyu Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
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10
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Cao Z, Wang H, Chen J, Zhang Y, Mo Q, Zhang P, Wang M, Liu H, Bao X, Sun Y, Zhang W, Yao Q. Silk-based hydrogel incorporated with metal-organic framework nanozymes for enhanced osteochondral regeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 20:221-242. [PMID: 35702612 PMCID: PMC9163388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral defects (OCD) cannot be efficiently repaired due to the unique physical architecture and the pathological microenvironment including enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation. Conventional strategies, such as the control of implant microstructure or the introduction of growth factors, have limited functions failing to manage these complex environments. Here we developed a multifunctional silk-based hydrogel incorporated with metal-organic framework nanozymes (CuTA@SF) to provide a suitable microenvironment for enhanced OCD regeneration. The incorporation of CuTA nanozymes endowed the SF hydrogel with a uniform microstructure and elevated hydrophilicity. In vitro cultivation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes showed that CuTA@SF hydrogel accelerated cell proliferation and enhanced cell viability, as well as had antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Under the inflammatory environment with the stimulation of IL-1β, CuTA@SF hydrogel still possessed the potential to promote MSC osteogenesis and deposition of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM). The proteomics analysis further confirmed that CuTA@SF hydrogel promoted cell proliferation and ECM synthesis. In the full-thickness OCD model of rabbit, CuTA@SF hydrogel displayed successfully in situ OCD regeneration, as evidenced by micro-CT, histology (HE, S/O, and toluidine blue staining) and immunohistochemistry (Col I and aggrecan immunostaining). Therefore, CuTA@SF hydrogel is a promising biomaterial targeted at the regeneration of OCD. A multifunctional silk-based hydrogel incorporated with metal-organic framework nanozymes (CuTA@SF) was fabricated. CuTA@SF hydrogel has antioxidant, anti-inflammation and antibacterial capacities. Proteomics analysis confirmed that CuTA@SF hydrogel promoted cell proliferation and ECM synthesis. CuTA@SF hydrogel displayed successful osteochondral regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, 264003, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyun Mo
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Po Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoyang Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueyang Bao
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhi Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), China
- Corresponding author. School of Medicine, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210006, Nanjing, China.
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11
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Jwa SJ, Won JM, Kim DH, Kim KB, Lee JB, Heo M, Shim KS, Jo HS, Lee WJ, Roh TS, Baek WY. Breast Tissue Restoration after the Partial Mastectomy Using Polycaprolactone Scaffold. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183817. [PMID: 36145962 PMCID: PMC9501604 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As breast conserving surgery increases in the surgical treatment of breast cancer, partial mastectomy is also increasing. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a polymer that is used as an artifact in various parts of the human body based on the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of PCL. Here, we hypothesized that a PCL scaffold can be utilized for the restoration of breast tissue after a partial mastectomy. To demonstrate the hypothesis, a PCL scaffold was fabricated by 3D printing and three types of spherical PCL scaffold including PCL scaffold, PCL scaffold with collagen, and the PCL scaffold with breast tissue fragment were implanted in the rat breast defect model. After 6 months of implantation, the restoration of breast tissue was observed in the PCL scaffold and the expression of collagen in the PCL scaffold with collagen was seen. The expression of TNF-α was significantly increased in the PCL scaffold, but the expression of IL-6 showed no significant difference in all groups. Through this, it showed the possibility of using it as a method to conveniently repair tissue defects after partial mastectomy of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jun Jwa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Won
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | | | - Ki-Bum Kim
- PLCOskin Co., Ltd., Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Jung-Bok Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Min Heo
- PLCOskin Co., Ltd., Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sik Shim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Han-Saem Jo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Won-Jai Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Tai-Suk Roh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.-S.R.); (W.-Y.B.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-2220 (W.-Y.B.)
| | - Woo-Yeol Baek
- PLCOskin Co., Ltd., Seoul 120-752, Korea
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.-S.R.); (W.-Y.B.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-2220 (W.-Y.B.)
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12
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Jafari H, Ghaffari-Bohlouli P, Niknezhad SV, Abedi A, Izadifar Z, Mohammadinejad R, Varma RS, Shavandi A. Tannic acid: a versatile polyphenol for design of biomedical hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5873-5912. [PMID: 35880440 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA), a natural polyphenol, is a hydrolysable amphiphilic tannin derivative of gallic acid with several galloyl groups in its structure. Tannic acid interacts with various organic, inorganic, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic materials such as proteins and polysaccharides via hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, coordinative bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. Tannic acid has been studied for various biomedical applications as a natural crosslinker with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. In this review, we focus on TA-based hydrogels for biomaterials engineering to help biomaterials scientists and engineers better realize TA's potential in the design and fabrication of novel hydrogel biomaterials. The interactions of TA with various natural or synthetic compounds are deliberated, discussing parameters that affect TA-material interactions thus providing a fundamental set of criteria for utilizing TA in hydrogels for tissue healing and regeneration. The review also discusses the merits and demerits of using TA in developing hydrogels either through direct incorporation in the hydrogel formulation or indirectly via immersing the final product in a TA solution. In general, TA is a natural bioactive molecule with diverse potential for engineering biomedical hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafez Jafari
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles, 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pejman Ghaffari-Bohlouli
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles, 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Seyyed Vahid Niknezhad
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71345-1978, Iran
| | - Ali Abedi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Izadifar
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Amin Shavandi
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles, 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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13
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Engineering a biomimetic bone scaffold that can regulate redox homeostasis and promote osteogenesis to repair large bone defects. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Shafiq M, Chen Y, Hashim R, He C, Mo X, Zhou X. Reactive Oxygen Species-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:821288. [PMID: 35004664 PMCID: PMC8733692 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.821288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), acting as essential mediators in biological system, play important roles in the physiologic and pathologic processes, including cellular signal transductions and cell homeostasis interference. Aberrant expression of ROS in tissue microenvironment can be caused by the internal/external stimuli and tissue injury, which may leads to an elevated level of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cellular damage as well as disruption in the tissue repair process. To prevent the formation of excess ROS around the injury site, advanced biomaterials can be remodeled or instructed to release their payloads in an injury microenvironment-responsive fashion to regulate the elevated levels of the ROS, which may also help downregulate the oxidative stress and promote tissue regeneration. A multitude of scaffolds and bioactive cues have been reported to promote the regeneration of damaged tissues based on the scavenging of free radicals and reactive species that confer high protection to the cellular activity and tissue function. In this review, we outline the underlying mechanism of ROS generation in the tissue microenvironment and present a comprehensive review of ROS-scavenging biomaterials for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications, including soft tissues regeneration, bone and cartilage repair as well as wound healing. Additionally, we highlight the strategies for the regulation of ROS by scaffold design and processing technology. Taken together, developing ROS-based biomaterials may not only help develop advanced platforms for improving injury microenvironment but also accelerate tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yujie Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rashida Hashim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Chuanglong He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumei Mo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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15
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A 3D-printed bioactive polycaprolactone scaffold assembled with core/shell microspheres as a sustained BMP2-releasing system for bone repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2022; 133:112619. [PMID: 35034816 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Integration of biological factors and hierarchical rigid scaffolds is of great interest in bone tissue engineering for fabrication of biomimetic constructs with high physical and biological performance for enhanced bone repair. Core/shell microspheres (CSMs) delivering bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and a strategy to integrate CSMs with 3D-printed scaffolds were developed herein to form a hybrid 3D system for bone repair. The scaffold was printed with polycaprolactone (PCL) and then coated with polydopamine. Shells of CSMs were electrosprayed with alginate. Cores were heparin-coated polylactic acid (PLA) microparticles fabricated via simple emulsion and heparin coating strategy. Assembly of microspheres and scaffolds was realized via a self-locking method with the assistance of controlled expansion of CSMs. The hybrid system was evaluated in the rat critical-sized bone defect model. CSMs released BMP-2 in a tunable manner and boosted osteogenic performance in vitro. CSMs were then successfully integrated inside the scaffolds. The assembled system effectively promoted osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. These observations show the importance of how BMP-2 is delivered, and the core/shell microspheres represent effective BMP-2 carriers that could be integrated into scaffolds, together forming a hybrid system as a promising candidate for enhanced bone regeneration.
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16
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Ren J, Kohli N, Sharma V, Shakouri T, Keskin-Erdogan Z, Saifzadeh S, Brierly GI, Knowles JC, Woodruff MA, García-Gareta E. Poly-ε-Caprolactone/Fibrin-Alginate Scaffold: A New Pro-Angiogenic Composite Biomaterial for the Treatment of Bone Defects. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3399. [PMID: 34641215 PMCID: PMC8512525 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that a composite of 3D porous melt-electrowritten poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) coated throughout with a porous and slowly biodegradable fibrin/alginate (FA) matrix would accelerate bone repair due to its angiogenic potential. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the open pore structure of the FA matrix was maintained in the PCL/FA composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry showed complete coverage of the PCL fibres by FA, and the PCL/FA crystallinity was decreased compared with PCL. In vitro cell work with osteoprogenitor cells showed that they preferentially bound to the FA component and proliferated on all scaffolds over 28 days. A chorioallantoic membrane assay showed more blood vessel infiltration into FA and PCL/FA compared with PCL, and a significantly higher number of bifurcation points for PCL/FA compared with both FA and PCL. Implantation into a rat cranial defect model followed by microcomputed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry after 4- and 12-weeks post operation showed fast early bone formation at week 4, with significantly higher bone formation for FA and PCL/FA compared with PCL. However, this phenomenon was not extrapolated to week 12. Therefore, for long-term bone regeneration, tuning of FA degradation to ensure syncing with new bone formation is likely necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongyu Ren
- Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; (J.R.); (G.I.B.); (M.A.W.)
| | - Nupur Kohli
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute & The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark’s Hospital, London HA1 3UJ, UK; (N.K.); (V.S.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 1AL, UK
| | - Vaibhav Sharma
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute & The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark’s Hospital, London HA1 3UJ, UK; (N.K.); (V.S.)
| | - Taleen Shakouri
- Division of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; (T.S.); (Z.K.-E.); (J.C.K.)
| | - Zalike Keskin-Erdogan
- Division of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; (T.S.); (Z.K.-E.); (J.C.K.)
| | - Siamak Saifzadeh
- Medical Engineering Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia;
| | - Gary I. Brierly
- Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; (J.R.); (G.I.B.); (M.A.W.)
| | - Jonathan C. Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; (T.S.); (Z.K.-E.); (J.C.K.)
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Maria A. Woodruff
- Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; (J.R.); (G.I.B.); (M.A.W.)
| | - Elena García-Gareta
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute & The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark’s Hospital, London HA1 3UJ, UK; (N.K.); (V.S.)
- Division of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; (T.S.); (Z.K.-E.); (J.C.K.)
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17
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Woo HN, Cho YJ, Tarafder S, Lee CH. The recent advances in scaffolds for integrated periodontal regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3328-3342. [PMID: 33817414 PMCID: PMC7985477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontium is an integrated, functional unit of multiple tissues surrounding and supporting the tooth, including but not limited to cementum (CM), periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone (AB). Periodontal tissues can be destructed by chronic periodontal disease, which can lead to tooth loss. In support of the treatment for periodontally diseased tooth, various biomaterials have been applied starting as a contact inhibition membrane in the guided tissue regeneration (GTR) that is the current gold standard in dental clinic. Recently, various biomaterials have been prepared in a form of tissue engineering scaffold to facilitate the regeneration of damaged periodontal tissues. From a physical substrate to support healing of a single type of periodontal tissue to multi-phase/bioactive scaffold system to guide an integrated regeneration of periodontium, technologies for scaffold fabrication have emerged in last years. This review covers the recent advancements in development of scaffolds designed for periodontal tissue regeneration and their efficacy tested in vitro and in vivo. Pros and Cons of different biomaterials and design parameters implemented for periodontal tissue regeneration are also discussed, including future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Solaiman Tarafder
- Center for Dental and Craniofacial Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St., VC12-212, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Chang H. Lee
- Center for Dental and Craniofacial Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168 St., VC12-212, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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18
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Choi S, Jo HS, Song H, Kim HJ, Oh JK, Cho JW, Park K, Kim SE. Multifunctional Tannic Acid-Alendronate Nanocomplexes with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Osteogenic Potency. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071812. [PMID: 34361198 PMCID: PMC8308329 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we fabricated tannic acid-alendronate (TA-ALN) nanocomplexes (NPXs) via self-assembly. These TA-ALNs were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The TA-ALNs were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenesis-accelerating abilities in osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1 cells). All TA-ALNs displayed nano-sized beads that were circular in form. Treatment with TA-ALN (1:0.1) efficiently removed reactive oxygen species in cells and protected osteoblast-like cells from toxic hydrogen peroxide conditions. Moreover, TA-ALN (1:0.1) could markedly decrease the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells. Furthermore, cells treated with TA-ALN (1:1) exhibited not only significantly greater alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium collection, but also outstandingly higher mRNA levels of osteogenesis-related elements such as collagen type I and osteocalcin. These outcomes indicate that the prepared TA-ALNs are excellent for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic acceleration. Accordingly, TA-ALN can be used latently for bone renovation and regeneration in people with bone fractures, diseases, or disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somang Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, #148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-J.K.); (J.-K.O.)
| | - Han-Saem Jo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, #148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-J.K.); (J.-K.O.)
| | - Heegyeong Song
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea;
| | - Hak-Jun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, #148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-J.K.); (J.-K.O.)
| | - Jong-Keon Oh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, #148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-J.K.); (J.-K.O.)
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, #148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-J.K.); (J.-K.O.)
- Correspondence: (J.-W.C.); (K.P.); (S.-E.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2626-1869 (J.-W.C.); +82-31-670-3357 (K.P.); +82-2-6738-4514 (S.-E.K.)
| | - Kyeongsoon Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.-W.C.); (K.P.); (S.-E.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2626-1869 (J.-W.C.); +82-31-670-3357 (K.P.); +82-2-6738-4514 (S.-E.K.)
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, #148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-S.J.); (H.-J.K.); (J.-K.O.)
- Correspondence: (J.-W.C.); (K.P.); (S.-E.K.); Tel.: +82-2-2626-1869 (J.-W.C.); +82-31-670-3357 (K.P.); +82-2-6738-4514 (S.-E.K.)
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19
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Kim GJ, Lee KJ, Choi JW, An JH. Drug Evaluation Based on a Multi-Channel Cell Chip with a Horizontal Co-Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6997. [PMID: 34209790 PMCID: PMC8269340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a multi-channel cell chip containing a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold for horizontal co-culture and drug toxicity screening in multi-organ culture (human glioblastoma, cervical cancer, normal liver cells, and normal lung cells). The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) multi-channel cell chip (PMCCC) was based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. The architecture of the PMCCC was an open-type cell chip and did not require a pump or syringe. We investigated cell proliferation and cytotoxicity by conducting 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays and analysis of oleanolic acid (OA)-treated multi-channel cell chips. The results of the MTT and LDH assays showed that OA treatment in the multi-channel cell chip of four cell lines enhanced chemoresistance of cells compared with that in the 2D culture. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of the application of our multi-channel cell chip in various analysis methods through Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining, which is not used for conventional cell chips. Taken together, the results demonstrated that the PMCCC may be used as a new 3D platform because it enables simultaneous drug screening in multiple cells by single point injection and allows analysis of various biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-Ji Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Kwon-Jai Lee
- College of H-LAC, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Jeung Hee An
- Department of Food and Nutrition, KC University, Seoul 07661, Korea;
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Guo Z, Xie W, Lu J, Guo X, Xu J, Xu W, Chi Y, Takuya N, Wu H, Zhao L. Tannic acid-based metal phenolic networks for bio-applications: a review. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4098-4110. [PMID: 33913461 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00383f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA), a large polyphenolic molecule, has long been known for use in food additives, antioxidants, bio-sorbents, animal feed and adhesives due to its intrinsic properties such as antioxidation, metal chelation, and polymerization. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in fabricating engineered advanced materials with TA modification for novel bio-applications. The modification process involves various interactions/reactions based on its diverse chemical structure, contributed by abundant aromatic rings and hydroxyl groups. In addition, the obtained composites are endowed with retained TA activity and novel enhanced properties. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the recent biomedical application of TA-based metal phenolic networks (TA-MPNs) by focusing on their intrinsic properties and the endowed ability for novel engineered functional composites. The potential contributions of TA-MPNs in "Tumor Theranostics", "Anti-Bacterial Ability", "Wound Repair for Skin Regeneration" and "Bone Tissue Regeneration Applications" are summarized in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China and State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Wensheng Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jingsong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- Department of Urology, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wanling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongjie Chi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nonaka Takuya
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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21
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Jung SY, Hwang H, Jo HS, Choi S, Kim HJ, Kim SE, Park K. Tannylated Calcium Carbonate Materials with Antacid, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4614. [PMID: 33924775 PMCID: PMC8124724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)-based materials have received notable attention for biomedical applications owing to their safety and beneficial characteristics, such as pH sensitivity, carbon dioxide (CO2) gas generation, and antacid properties. Herein, to additionally incorporate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions, we prepared tannylated CaCO3 (TA-CaCO3) materials using a simple reaction between tannic acid (TA), calcium (Ca2+), and carbonate (CO32-) ions. TA-CaCO3 synthesized at a molar ratio of 1:75 (TA:calcium chloride (CaCl2)/sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)) showed 3-6 μm particles, comprising small nanoparticles in a size range of 17-41 nm. The TA-CaCO3 materials could efficiently neutralize the acid solution and scavenge free radicals. In addition, these materials could significantly reduce the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors and intracellular reactive oxygen species, and protect chondrocytes from toxic hydrogen peroxide conditions. Thus, in addition to their antacid property, the prepared TA-CaCO3 materials exert excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through the introduction of TA molecules. Therefore, TA-CaCO3 materials can potentially be used to treat inflammatory cells or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yun Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi 17546, Korea; (S.-Y.J.); (H.H.); (H.-S.J.)
| | - Heamin Hwang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi 17546, Korea; (S.-Y.J.); (H.H.); (H.-S.J.)
| | - Han-Saem Jo
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi 17546, Korea; (S.-Y.J.); (H.H.); (H.-S.J.)
| | - Somang Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, #148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hak-Jun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, #148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Nano-Based Disease Control Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, #148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Kyeongsoon Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi 17546, Korea; (S.-Y.J.); (H.H.); (H.-S.J.)
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22
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Zhang P, Liu X, Guo P, Li X, He Z, Li Z, Stoddart MJ, Grad S, Tian W, Chen D, Zou X, Zhou Z, Liu S. Effect of cyclic mechanical loading on immunoinflammatory microenvironment in biofabricating hydroxyapatite scaffold for bone regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3097-3108. [PMID: 33778191 PMCID: PMC7960680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proven that the mechanical microenvironment can impact the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the effect of mechanical stimuli in biofabricating hydroxyapatite scaffolds on the inflammatory response of MSCs remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mechanical loading on the inflammatory response of MSCs seeded on scaffolds. Cyclic mechanical loading was applied to biofabricate the cell-scaffold composite for 15 min/day over 7, 14, or 21 days. At the predetermined time points, culture supernatant was collected for inflammatory mediator detection, and gene expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the expression of inflammatory mediators (IL1B and IL8) was downregulated (p < 0.05) and the expression of ALP (p < 0.01) and COL1A1 (p < 0.05) was upregulated under mechanical loading. The cell-scaffold composites biofabricated with or without mechanical loading were freeze-dried to prepare extracellular matrix-based scaffolds (ECM-based scaffolds). Murine macrophages were seeded on the ECM-based scaffolds to evaluate their polarization. The ECM-based scaffolds that were biofabricated with mechanical loading before freeze-drying enhanced the expression of M2 polarization-related biomarkers (Arginase 1 and Mrc1, p < 0.05) of macrophages in vitro and increased bone volume/total volume ratio in vivo. Overall, these findings demonstrated that mechanical loading could dually modulate the inflammatory responses and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Besides, the ECM-based scaffolds that were biofabricated with mechanical loading before freeze-drying facilitated the M2 polarization of macrophages in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo. Mechanical loading may be a promising biofabrication strategy for bone biomaterials. Compressive mechanical loading is applied to biofabricate the MSCs-hydroxyapatite composites for bone regeneration. Mechanical loading can modulate the inflammatory responses and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs seeded on scaffold. ECM-based scaffolds from initially loading biofabrication facilitated the M2 polarization of macrophages and bone repair. Mechanical loading may be a promising biofabrication strategy for bone biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Zhang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xizhe Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xianlong Li
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos, 7270, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Stoddart
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos, 7270, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos, 7270, Switzerland
| | - Wei Tian
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute /Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Tornín J, Villasante A, Solé-Martí X, Ginebra MP, Canal C. Osteosarcoma tissue-engineered model challenges oxidative stress therapy revealing promoted cancer stem cell properties. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:107-118. [PMID: 33401009 PMCID: PMC7921834 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of oxidative stress generated by Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) in oncology is being recently studied as a novel potential anti-cancer therapy. However, the beneficial effects of CAP for treating osteosarcoma have mostly been demonstrated in 2-dimensional cultures of cells, which do not mimic the complexity of the 3-dimensional (3D) bone microenvironment. In order to evaluate the effects of CAP in a relevant context of the human disease, we developed a 3D tissue-engineered model of osteosarcoma using a bone-like scaffold made of collagen type I and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Human osteosarcoma cells cultured within the scaffold showed a high capacity to infiltrate and proliferate and to exhibit osteomimicry in vitro. As expected, we observed significantly different functional behaviors between monolayer and 3D cultures when treated with Cold Plasma-Activated Ringer's Solution (PAR). Our data reveal that the 3D environment not only protects cells from PAR-induced lethality by scavenging and diminishing the amount of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated by CAP, but also favours the stemness phenotype of osteosarcoma cells. This is the first study that demonstrates the negative effect of PAR on cancer stem-like cell subpopulations in a 3D biomimetic model of cancer. These findings will allow to suitably re-focus research on plasma-based therapies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tornín
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Escola D'Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), C/Eduard Maristany 14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), UPC, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. de Roma S/n, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Villasante
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), C/Baldiri I Reixach 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavi Solé-Martí
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Escola D'Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), C/Eduard Maristany 14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), UPC, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Escola D'Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), C/Eduard Maristany 14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), UPC, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), C/Baldiri I Reixach 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Canal
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Escola D'Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE), C/Eduard Maristany 14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, 08019, Barcelona, Spain; Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), UPC, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Noh SH, Jo HS, Choi S, Song HG, Kim HJ, Kim KN, Kim SE, Park K. Lactoferrin-Anchored Tannylated Mesoporous Silica Nanomaterials for Enhanced Osteo-Differentiation Ability. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010030. [PMID: 33375294 PMCID: PMC7823981 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we created lactoferrin-anchored mesoporous silica nanomaterials with absorbed tannic acid (LF/TA-MSNs) and evaluated the effect of these LF/TA-MSNs on the in vitro osteo-differentiation ability of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) by testing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level, calcium accumulation, and expression of osteo-differentiation-specific genes, including osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN). Both bare MSNs and LF/TA-MSNs exhibited round nano-particle structures. The LF/TA-MSNs demonstrated prolonged LF release for up to 28 days. Treatment of ADSCs with LF (50 μg)/TA-MSNs resulted in markedly higher ALP level and calcium accumulation compared to treatment with LF (10 μg)/TA-MSNs or bare MSNs. Furthermore, LF (50 μg)/TA-MSNs remarkably increased mRNA levels of osteo-differentiation-specific genes, including OCN and OPN, compared to MSNs or LF (10 μg)/TA-MSNs. Together, these data suggest that the ability of LF/TA-MSNs to enhance osteo-differentiation of ADSCs make them a possible nanovehicle for bone healing and bone regeneration in patients with bone defect or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyun Noh
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, #100, Ilsan-ro, Ilsan-donggu, Gyeonggi-do, Goyang-si 10444, Korea;
| | - Han-Saem Jo
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Anseong-si 17546, Korea; (H.-S.J.); (H.G.S.)
| | - Somang Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rare Diseases Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, #148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hee Gyeong Song
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Anseong-si 17546, Korea; (H.-S.J.); (H.G.S.)
| | - Hak-Jun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rare Diseases Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, #148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Keung Nyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, #50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.N.K.); (S.E.K.); (K.P.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-2161 (K.N.K.); +82-2-2626-1999 (S.E.K.); +82-31-670-3357 (K.P.)
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rare Diseases Institute, Korea University Guro Hospital, #148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 08308, Korea; (S.C.); (H.-J.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.N.K.); (S.E.K.); (K.P.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-2161 (K.N.K.); +82-2-2626-1999 (S.E.K.); +82-31-670-3357 (K.P.)
| | - Kyeongsoon Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Anseong-si 17546, Korea; (H.-S.J.); (H.G.S.)
- Correspondence: (K.N.K.); (S.E.K.); (K.P.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-2161 (K.N.K.); +82-2-2626-1999 (S.E.K.); +82-31-670-3357 (K.P.)
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25
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Byun HY, Jang GN, Lee J, Hong MH, Shin H, Shin H. Stem cell spheroid engineering with osteoinductive and ROS scavenging nanofibers for bone regeneration. Biofabrication 2020; 13. [PMID: 33348326 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abd56c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell spheroids have been widely investigated to accelerate bone tissue regeneartion. However, the directed differentiation of stem cells into osteoblastic lineage and the prevention of cells from damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) remain challenge. Here, we developed osteoinductive and ROS scavenging extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking synthetic fibers based on epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) coating. They were then utilized to fabricate engineered spheroids with human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) for bone tissue regeneation. The EGCG-mineral fibers (EMF) effectively conferred osteoinductive and ROS scavenging signals on the hADSCs within spheroids, demonstrating relative upregulation of antioxidant genes (SOD-1 (25.8±2.1) and GPX-1 (3.3±0.1) and greater level of expression of osteogenic markers, RUNX2 (5.8±0.1) and OPN (5.9±0.1), compared to hADSCs in the spheroids without EMF. The in vitro overexpression of osteogenic genes from hADSCs was achieved from absence of osteogenic supplenments. Furthermore, in vivo transplantation of hADSCs spheroids with the EMF significantly promoted calvarial bone regeneration (48.39±9.24%) compared to that from defect only (17.38±6.63%), suggesting that the stem cell spheroid biofabrication system with our novel mineralization method described here is a promising tool for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Yeon Byun
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 206, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Seoul, 04763, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Gyu Nam Jang
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 206, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Seoul, 04763, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 206, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Seoul, 04763, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Min-Ho Hong
- Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University - Natural Sciences Campus, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, Suwon, 16419, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea (the Republic of)
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26
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Stutz C, Strub M, Clauss F, Huck O, Schulz G, Gegout H, Benkirane-Jessel N, Bornert F, Kuchler-Bopp S. A New Polycaprolactone-Based Biomembrane Functionalized with BMP-2 and Stem Cells Improves Maxillary Bone Regeneration. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091774. [PMID: 32911737 PMCID: PMC7558050 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases have an impact on the general condition and quality of life of patients. After a dento-alveolar trauma, a tooth extraction, or, in the case of some genetic skeletal diseases, a maxillary bone defect, can be observed, leading to the impossibility of placing a dental implant for the restoration of masticatory function. Recently, bone neoformation was demonstrated after in vivo implantation of polycaprolactone (PCL) biomembranes functionalized with bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) and ibuprofen in a mouse maxillary bone lesion. In the present study, human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) were added on BMP-2 functionalized PCL biomembranes and implanted in a maxillary bone lesion. Viability of hBM-MSCs on the biomembranes has been observed using the "LIVE/DEAD" viability test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Maxillary bone regeneration was observed for periods ranging from 90 to 150 days after implantation. Various imaging methods (histology, micro-CT) have demonstrated bone remodeling and filling of the lesion by neoformed bone tissue. The presence of mesenchymal stem cells and BMP-2 allows the acceleration of the bone remodeling process. These results are encouraging for the effectiveness and the clinical use of this new technology combining growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow in a bioresorbable membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Stutz
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative NanoMedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (C.S.); (M.S.); (F.C.); (O.H.); (H.G.); (N.B.-J.); (F.B.)
| | - Marion Strub
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative NanoMedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (C.S.); (M.S.); (F.C.); (O.H.); (H.G.); (N.B.-J.); (F.B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg (UDS), 8 rue Ste Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Pediatric Dentistry, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), 1 place de l’Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - François Clauss
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative NanoMedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (C.S.); (M.S.); (F.C.); (O.H.); (H.G.); (N.B.-J.); (F.B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg (UDS), 8 rue Ste Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Pediatric Dentistry, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), 1 place de l’Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Huck
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative NanoMedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (C.S.); (M.S.); (F.C.); (O.H.); (H.G.); (N.B.-J.); (F.B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg (UDS), 8 rue Ste Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Periodontology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), 1 place de l’Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Georg Schulz
- Core Facility Micro- and Nanotomography, Biomaterials Science Center (BMC), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland;
| | - Hervé Gegout
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative NanoMedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (C.S.); (M.S.); (F.C.); (O.H.); (H.G.); (N.B.-J.); (F.B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg (UDS), 8 rue Ste Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadia Benkirane-Jessel
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative NanoMedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (C.S.); (M.S.); (F.C.); (O.H.); (H.G.); (N.B.-J.); (F.B.)
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg (UDS), 8 rue Ste Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabien Bornert
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative NanoMedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (C.S.); (M.S.); (F.C.); (O.H.); (H.G.); (N.B.-J.); (F.B.)
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Pediatric Dentistry, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), 1 place de l’Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), 1 place de l’Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sabine Kuchler-Bopp
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative NanoMedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (C.S.); (M.S.); (F.C.); (O.H.); (H.G.); (N.B.-J.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-619610523
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Zhang W, Ling C, Liu H, Zhang A, Mao L, Wang J, Chao J, Backman LJ, Yao Q, Chen J. Tannic acid-mediated dual peptide-functionalized scaffolds to direct stem cell behavior and osteochondral regeneration. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2020; 396:125232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.125232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
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Bedair TM, Lee CK, Kim DS, Baek SW, Bedair HM, Joshi HP, Choi UY, Park KH, Park W, Han I, Han DK. Magnesium hydroxide-incorporated PLGA composite attenuates inflammation and promotes BMP2-induced bone formation in spinal fusion. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420967591. [PMID: 33178410 PMCID: PMC7592173 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420967591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal fusion has become a common surgical technique to join two or more vertebrae to stabilize a damaged spine; however, the rate of pseudarthrosis (failure of fusion) is still high. To minimize pseudarthrosis, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) has been approved for use in humans. In this study, we developed a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) composite incorporated with magnesium hydroxide (MH) nanoparticles for the delivery of BMP2. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of released BMP2 from BMP2-immobilized PLGA/MH composite scaffold in an in vitro test and an in vivo mice spinal fusion model. The PLGA/MH composite films were fabricated via solvent casting technique. The surface of the PLGA/MH composite scaffold was modified with polydopamine (PDA) to effectively immobilize BMP2 on the PLGA/MH composite scaffold. Analyzes of the scaffold revealed that using PLGA/MH-PDA improved hydrophilicity, degradation performance, neutralization effects, and increased BMP2 loading efficiency. In addition, releasing BMP2 from the PLGA/MH scaffold significantly promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, the pH neutralization effect significantly increased in MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the BMP2-immobilized PLGA/MH scaffold. In our animal study, the PLGA/MH scaffold as a BMP2 carrier attenuates inflammatory responses and promotes BMP2-induced bone formation in posterolateral spinal fusion model. These results collectively demonstrate that the BMP2-immobilized PLGA/MH scaffold offers great potential in effectively inducing bone formation in spinal fusion surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M. Bedair
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA
University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of
Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Chang Kyu Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keimyung
University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Seul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA
University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- School of Integrative Engineering,
Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woon Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA
University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanan M. Bedair
- Department of Clinical Pathology,
National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Hari Prasad Joshi
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA
University School of Medicine, CHA Bungdang Medical Center, Seongnam-si,
Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Yong Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA
University School of Medicine, CHA Bungdang Medical Center, Seongnam-si,
Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Hong Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA
University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Park
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical
Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of
Korea
| | - InBo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA
University School of Medicine, CHA Bungdang Medical Center, Seongnam-si,
Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA
University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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