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Shaikh TG, Hasan SFS, Ahmed H, Kazi AI, Mansoor R. The role of angiotensin receptor blockers in treating epilepsy: a review. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:1437-1445. [PMID: 38079018 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease with a global prevalence of 70 million people. According to the World Health Organization, roughly 5 million new cases are diagnosed every year. Anti-seizure drugs are the treatment of choice. However, in roughly one third of the patients, these drugs fail to produce the desired effect. As a result, finding novel treatments for epilepsy becomes inevitable. Recently, angiotensin receptor blockers have been proposed as a treatment to reduce the over-excitation of neurons in epilepsy. For this purpose, we conducted a review using Medline/PubMed and Google Scholar using the relevant search terms and extracted the relevant data in a table. Our review suggests that this novel approach has a very high potential to treat epilepsy, especially in those patients who fail to respond to conventional treatment options. However, more extensive and human-based trials should be conducted to reach a decisive conclusion. Nevertheless, the use of ARBs in patients with epilepsy should be carefully monitored keeping the adverse effects in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Gul Shaikh
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
| | | | - Hiba Ahmed
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Amal Iqbal Kazi
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Ruhma Mansoor
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
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2
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Meng X, Liu H, Zhang J, Gui B, Gao A, Fan Z, Wang Y, Xu H, Fang X, Jiang Z, Liang H, Zhang X. Risk Factors for Seizures After Titanium Cranioplasty: Five-Year Experience from a Single Institution. World Neurosurg 2024; 182:e270-e275. [PMID: 38006935 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Seizures are one of the complications that can occur after cranioplasty (CP). In some regions, titanium mesh remains the material of choice for CP. However, risk factors for seizures after titanium CP have been less studied. The purpose of this study was to identify potential risk factors for early seizures (≤7 days) and late seizures (>8 days) after titanium CP in a single institution. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of 241 consecutive patients who received titanium CP at the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2016 to December 2020. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent risk factors for new-onset seizures after titanium CP. RESULTS Fifteen patients (6.22%) experienced early post-CP seizures, and late post-CP seizures were observed in 81 patients (33.61%). A flaccid concave cranial defect (P = 0.042) was associated with early post-CP seizures, whereas hypertension (P < 0.001) was the only significant predictor for late seizures after titanium CP. CONCLUSIONS Seizure is a common complication after titanium CP, especially in patients who do not receive prophylactic antiepileptic drugs before the procedure. Risk factors for new-onset seizures at different periods after titanium CP were found to be different. In addition, radiologic factors before titanium CP may play a role in early new-onset seizures after titanium CP and should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Molecular Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Binbin Gui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Aili Gao
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hangjia Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Hongsheng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| | - Xiangtong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
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Wei C, Fu M, Zhang H, Yao B. How is the P2X7 receptor signaling pathway involved in epileptogenesis? Neurochem Int 2024; 173:105675. [PMID: 38211839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy, a condition characterized by spontaneous recurrent epileptic seizures, is among the most prevalent neurological disorders. This disorder is estimated to affect approximately 70 million people worldwide. Although antiseizure medications are considered the first-line treatments for epilepsy, most of the available antiepileptic drugs are not effective in nearly one-third of patients. This calls for the development of more effective drugs. Evidence from animal models and epilepsy patients suggests that strategies that interfere with the P2X7 receptor by binding to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are potential treatments for this patient population. This review describes the role of the P2X7 receptor signaling pathways in epileptogenesis. We highlight the genes, purinergic signaling, Pannexin1, glutamatergic signaling, adenosine kinase, calcium signaling, and inflammatory response factors involved in the process, and conclude with a synopsis of these key connections. By unraveling the intricate interplay between P2X7 receptors and epileptogenesis, this review provides ideas for designing potent clinical therapies that will revolutionize both prevention and treatment for epileptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caichuan Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Miaoying Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Haiju Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Baozhen Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China.
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4
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Jia X, Ma Y, Zhang X, Shen Z, Wang M, Jiang L, Wei X, Li C, Zhang M, Yang T. A preliminary study of calcium channel-associated mRNA and miRNA networks in post-traumatic epileptic rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13103. [PMID: 37567882 PMCID: PMC10421957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium channels are the main pathogenesis and therapeutic target for post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). However, differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and mRNAs associated with calcium channels in PTE and their interactions are poorly understood. We produced a PTE model in rats and conducted RNA-seq in PTE rats. Gene annotation was used to verify differentially expressed mRNAs related to calcium channels. RNAhybrid, PITA, and Miranda prediction were used to build the miRNA-mRNA pairs. Furthermore, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were used for the functional enrichment analysis of DEMs. The quantification changes of mRNA and miRNA were verified by RT-qPCR. There were 431 identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PTE rats compared with the sham group, of which five mRNAs and 7 miRNAs were related to calcium channels. The miRNA-mRNA network suggested a negative correlation between 11 pairs of miRNA-mRNA involved in the p53 signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway. RT-qPCR verified three upregulated mRNAs in PTE rats, associated with 7 DEMs negatively related to them, respectively. This study has revealed the changes in miRNA-mRNA pairs associated with calcium channels in PTE, which might contribute to the further interpretation of potential underlying molecular mechanisms of PTE and the discovery of promising diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, No. 25 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, 100088, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yixun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, No. 25 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, 100088, China
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, No. 25 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Zefang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, No. 25 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, No. 25 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Lufang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, No. 25 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, No. 25 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, No. 25 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Mengzhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, No. 25 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100088, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, 100088, China.
| | - Tiantong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education, No. 25 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100088, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, 100088, China.
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Nguyen P, Brewster AL. Who Dunnit? Angiotensin, Inflammation, or Complement: Unresolved. Epilepsy Curr 2023; 23:133-135. [PMID: 37122407 PMCID: PMC10131566 DOI: 10.1177/15357597221150057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
[Box: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuoc Nguyen
- Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University Ringgold Standard Institution
| | - Amy L. Brewster
- Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University Ringgold Standard Institution
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Doege C, Luedde M, Kostev K. Association Between Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Therapy and Incidence of Epilepsy in Patients With Hypertension. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:1296-1302. [PMID: 36251288 PMCID: PMC9577879 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Importance Arterial hypertension is associated with an increased incidence of epilepsy. Results from animal studies suggest that angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy could inhibit epileptic seizures. However, there is a lack of clinical data to support the use of ARB therapy in humans. Objective To assess whether ARB therapy is associated with a decreased incidence of epilepsy in patients with hypertension. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study obtained data from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA) on patients aged 18 years or older who had hypertension and at least 1 antihypertensive drug prescription. Patients were treated at 1274 general practices between January 2010 and December 2020 in Germany. Data were available for 1 553 875 patients who had been prescribed at least 1 antihypertensive drug. Patients diagnosed with epilepsy before or up to 3 months after the index date were excluded. A total of 168 612 patients were included in propensity score matching. Patients treated with 1 of 4 antihypertensive drug classes (β-blockers, ARBs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers [CCBs]) were matched to each other using propensity scores. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome of the study was the incidence of epilepsy associated with ARB therapy compared with other antihypertensive drug classes. Cox regression models were used to study the association between the incidence of epilepsy and ARBs compared with all other antihypertensive drug classes as a group. Results The study included a total of 168 612 patients, with 42 153 in each antihypertensive drug class. The mean [SD] age of patients was 62.3 [13.5] years, and 21 667 (51.4%) were women. The incidence of epilepsy within 5 years was lowest among patients treated with ARBs (0.27% at 1 year, 0.63% at 3 years, 0.99% at 5 years) and highest among patients receiving β-blockers and CCBs (0.38% for both β-blockers and CCBs at 1 year; 0.91% for β-blockers and 0.93% for CCBs at 3 years; β-blockers, 1.47%; and CCBs, 1.48% at 5 years). Angiotensin receptor blocker therapy was associated with a significantly decreased incidence of epilepsy (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65-0.90) compared with the other drug classes as a group. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of patients with hypertension, ARB therapy was associated with a significantly decreased incidence of epilepsy. The findings suggest antihypertensive drugs could be used as a novel approach for preventing epilepsy in patients with arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Doege
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Central Hospital Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mark Luedde
- Department of Cardiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Cardiology Practice Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven, Germany
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Wang S, He X, Bao N, Chen M, Ding X, Zhang M, Zhao L, Wang S, Jiang G. Potentials of miR-9-5p in promoting epileptic seizure and improving survival of glioma patients. ACTA EPILEPTOLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42494-022-00097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Epilepsy affects over 70 million people worldwide; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have essential functions in epilepsy. miRNA-9, a brain-specific/enriched miRNA, plays a role in various nervous system diseases and tumors, but whether miRNA-9 is involved in epilepsy and glioma-associated epilepsy remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to explore the potential role of miR-9-5p in seizures and its effect on the survival of glioma patients, in order to provide new targets for the treatment of epilepsy and glioma.
Methods
The YM500v2 database was used to validate the expression of hsa-miR-9-5p in tissues. Moreover, qRT-PCR was performed to investigate the expression of miR-9-5p in temporal lobe epilepsy patients and rats with lithium-pilocarpine-induced seizures. Recombinant adeno-associated virus containing miR-9-5p was constructed to overexpress miR-9-5p in vivo. The effects of miR-9-5p on the behavior and electroencephalographic activities of the lithium-pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy were tested. Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the targets of miR-9-5p and explore its potential role in epilepsy and glioma-associated epilepsy.
Results
The expression of miR-9-5p increased at 6 h and 7 days after lithium-pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats. Overexpression of miR-9-5p significantly shortened the latency of seizures and increased seizure intensity at 10 min and 20 min after administration of pilocarpine (P < 0.05). Predicted targets of miR-9-5p were abundant and enriched in the brain, and affected various pathways related to epilepsy and tumor. Survival analysis revealed that overexpression of miR-9-5p significantly improved the survival of patients from with low-grade gliomas and glioblastomas. The involvement of miR-9-5p in the glioma-associated epileptic seizures and the improvement of glioma survival may be related to multiple pathways, including the Rho GTPases and hub genes included SH3PXD2B, ARF6, and ANK2.
Conclusions
miR-9-5p may play a key role in promoting epileptic seizures and improving glioma survival, probably through multiple pathways, including GTPases of the Rho family and hub genes including SH3PXD2B, ARF6 and ANK2. Understanding the roles of miR-9-5p in epilepsy and glioma and the underlying mechanisms may provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with epilepsy and glioma.
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Kan Y, Feng L, Si Y, Zhou Z, Wang W, Yang J. Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets of Focal Cortical Dysplasia Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3506-3521. [PMID: 35945307 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), a malformation of cortical development, is the most common cause of intractable epilepsy in children. However, the causes and underlying molecular events of FCD need further investigation. The microarray dataset GSE62019 and GSE97365 were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. To examine critical genes and signaling pathways, bioinformatics analysis tools such as protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, miRNA-mRNA interaction networks, and immune infiltration in FCD samples were used to fully elucidate the pathogenesis of FCD. A total of 534 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 71 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were obtained. The DEGs obtained were enriched in ribosomal, protein targeting, and pathways of neurodegeneration multiple diseases, whereas the target genes of DEMs were enriched in signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor beta, Wnt, PI3K-Akt, etc. Finally, four hub genes (RPL11, FAU, RPS20, RPL27) and five key miRNAs (hsa-let-7b, hsa-miR-185, hsa-miR-23b, hsa-miR-222 and hsa-miR-92b) were obtained by PPI network, miRNA-mRNA network, and ROC analysis. The immune infiltration results showed that the infiltration levels of five immune cells (MDSC, regulatory T cells, activated CD8+ T cells, macrophage and effector memory CD8+ T cells) were slightly higher in FCD samples than in control samples. Moreover, the gene expressions of RPS19, RPL19, and RPS24 were highly correlated with the infiltration levels and immune characteristics of 28 immune cells. It broadens the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of FCD and enlightens the identification of molecular targets and diagnostic biomarkers for FCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lijuan Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yukun Si
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ziang Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jigang Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, originated in China and quickly spread across the globe. Despite tremendous economic and healthcare devastation, research on this virus has contributed to a better understanding of numerous molecular pathways, including those involving γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), that will positively impact medical science, including neuropsychiatry, in the post-pandemic era. SARS-CoV-2 primarily enters the host cells through the renin–angiotensin system’s component named angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2). Among its many functions, this protein upregulates GABA, protecting not only the central nervous system but also the endothelia, the pancreas, and the gut microbiota. SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE-2 usurps the neuronal and non-neuronal GABAergic systems, contributing to the high comorbidity of neuropsychiatric illness with gut dysbiosis and endothelial and metabolic dysfunctions. In this perspective article, we take a closer look at the pathology emerging from the viral hijacking of non-neuronal GABA and summarize potential interventions for restoring these systems.
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Li X, Wang Q, Zhang DW, Wu D, Zhang SW, Wei ZR, Chen X, Li W. Hippocampus RNA Sequencing of Pentylenetetrazole-Kindled Rats and Upon Treatment of Novel Chemical Q808. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:820508. [PMID: 35345815 PMCID: PMC8957222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.820508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of genes altered in epilepsy remains incomplete, particularly in the hippocampus, which exhibits exquisite vulnerability to epilepsy. Q808 is an innovation chemical compound that has potent anti-convulsant effect. Exploring its mechanism can not only explore the pathogenesis of epilepsy but also provide a theoretical basis for its clinical application. The present study aimed to use RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to reveal the gene transcriptomic profile of chronic pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindled seizure rats and the difference of the PTZ model rat before and after treatment with Q808. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to validate the RNA-seq results. The protein level was estimated with Western blot. Hippocampal transcriptomic analysis showed that 289 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were confirmed in the PTZ-kindled seizure group compared with the vehicle control. Gene cluster analysis identified most of the DEGs linked to neuronal apoptosis, neurogenesis, neuronal projections, and neurotransmitter regulation. After analysis across the three groups, 23 hub genes and 21 pathways were identified, and qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that most of the mRNA levels of hub genes were consistent with the RNA-seq results. Q808 treatment increased the level of ACE, a GABA-related protein. Our analysis showed the comprehensive compendium of genes and pathways differentially expressed for PTZ-kindled seizure rats and upon Q808 treatment in PTZ-kindled seizure, which may provide a theoretical basis to explore the mechanism and unique efficacy of Q808 and the pathophysiology of epilepsy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dian-Wen Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Di Wu
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Si-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng-Ren Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Kaliyappan K, Chen YC, Krishnan Muthaiah VP. Vestibular Cochlear Manifestations in COVID-19 Cases. Front Neurol 2022; 13:850337. [PMID: 35370886 PMCID: PMC8971520 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.850337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a high transmissible infectious disease that primarily impacts the respiratory system and leads to death as it worsens. Ever since the World Health Organization declared the disease as a global pandemic, the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and disease prognosis has been discussed in various literature. In addition to impaired respiratory health, the symptoms also indicated the involvement of the cardiovascular and neurological system after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neurological complications, many reports also revealed the prevalence of vestibulocochlear symptoms like dizziness, vertigo, vestibular neuritis, sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus. Though many clinical reports and scientific reviews reported the vestibular and cochlear impairments associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, the underlying pathological mechanisms are still unclear and unexplored. In this review, we discussed the published clinical reports, research articles, and literature reviews related to vestibulocochlear manifestations following SARS-CoV-2 infections. We also summarized the current knowledge about the prevalence, epidemiological and clinical features, and potential pathological mechanisms related to vestibular and cochlear manifestations resulting from COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiravan Kaliyappan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Chen Chen
| | - Vijaya Prakash Krishnan Muthaiah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Vijaya Prakash Krishnan Muthaiah
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12
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Zahran M, Ghazy R, Ahmed O, Youssef A. Atypical otolaryngologic manifestations of COVID-19: a review. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2021. [PMCID: PMC7819626 DOI: 10.1186/s43163-021-00075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 started in China in late 2019. Clinical features include fever, cough, dyspnea, body aches, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Some COVID-19-positive patients presented with unusual manifestations such as olfactory dysfunction, parotitis, or cervical lymphadenopathy.
Main body
Since many patients are diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2, the need for an up to date review of the atypical ENT presentations of COVID-19 is mandatory. Articles from PubMed and Google searches were reviewed and the atypical presentations in otolaryngology were presented.
Conclusions
It is crucial for ENT physicians to have high index of suspicion to identify those COVID 19 patients with atypical presentations. This facilitates early case isolation to eliminate viral spread across the community.
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Wan D, Du T, Hong W, Chen L, Que H, Lu S, Peng X. Neurological complications and infection mechanism of SARS-COV-2. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:406. [PMID: 34815399 PMCID: PMC8609271 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic and threatened many lives. Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly causes respiratory diseases, growing data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 can also invade the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) causing multiple neurological diseases, such as encephalitis, encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, meningitis, and skeletal muscular symptoms. Despite the increasing incidences of clinical neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2, the precise neuroinvasion mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 have not been fully established. In this review, we primarily describe the clinical neurological complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the potential mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 invades the brain based on the current evidence. Finally, we summarize the experimental models were used to study SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion. These data form the basis for studies on the significance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatricts, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tingfu Du
- National Kunming High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan, China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatricts, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatricts, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Haiying Que
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatricts, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shuaiyao Lu
- National Kunming High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- National Kunming High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular, Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Yu H, He B, Han X, Yan T. Rufinamide (RUF) suppresses inflammation and maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier during kainic acid-induced brain damage. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:845-855. [PMID: 34514163 PMCID: PMC8389504 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rufinamide (RUF) is a structurally unique anti-epileptic drug, but its protective mechanism against brain injury remains unclear. In the present study, we validated how the RUF protected mice with kainic acid (KA)-induced neuronal damage. To achieve that, a mouse epilepsy model was established by KA intraperitoneal injection. After Nissl staining, although there was a significant reduction in Nissl bodies in mice treated with KA, 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg, RUF significantly reduced KA-induced neuronal damage, in a dose-dependent manner. Among them, 120 mg/kg RUF was most pronounced. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis showed that RUF inhibited the IBA-1 overexpression caused by KA to block microglia cell overactivation. Further, RUF treatment partially reversed neuroinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNFα, HMGB1, and NLRP3) overexpression in mRNA and protein levels in KA mice. Moreover, although KA stimulation inhibited the expression of tight junctions, RUF treatment significantly upregulated expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and claudin 5) in both mRNA and protein levels in the brain tissues of KA mice. RUF inhibited the overactivation of microglia, suppressed the neuroinflammatory response, and reduced the destruction of blood-brain barrier, thereby alleviating the excitatory nerve damage of the KA-mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxu Yu
- General Surgery Department, Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 70, Lushan Road, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Bin He
- General Surgery Department, Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 70, Lushan Road, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Han
- General Surgery Department, Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No. 70, Lushan Road, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Department of Clinical Skills Training Center of ZhuJiang Hospital, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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15
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Cavalcante BRR, Improta-Caria AC, Melo VHD, De Sousa RAL. Exercise-linked consequences on epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:108079. [PMID: 34058490 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is a brain disorder that leads to seizures and neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. Physical inactivity can contribute to worse epilepsy pathophysiology. Here, we review how physical exercise affects epilepsy physiopathology. METHODS An extensive literature search was performed and the mechanisms of physical exercise on epilepsy were discussed. The search was conducted in Scopus and PubMed. Articles with relevant information were included. Only studies written in English were considered. RESULTS The regular practice of physical exercise can be beneficial for individuals with neurodegenerative diseases, such as epilepsy by decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory and stress biomarkers, increasing socialization, and reducing the incidence of epileptic seizures. Physical exercise is also capable of reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety in epilepsy. Physical exercise can also improve cognitive function in epilepsy. The regular practice of physical exercise enhances the levels of brain-derived neuro factor (BDNF) in the hippocampi, induces neurogenesis, inhibits oxidative stress and reactive gliosis, avoids cognitive impairment, and stimulates the production of dopamine in the epileptic brain. CONCLUSION Physical exercise is an excellent non-pharmacological tool that can be used in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physiological Science Multicentric Program, Federal University of Valleyś Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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16
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Sub-genic intolerance, ClinVar, and the epilepsies: A whole-exome sequencing study of 29,165 individuals. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:965-982. [PMID: 33932343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both mild and severe epilepsies are influenced by variants in the same genes, yet an explanation for the resulting phenotypic variation is unknown. As part of the ongoing Epi25 Collaboration, we performed a whole-exome sequencing analysis of 13,487 epilepsy-affected individuals and 15,678 control individuals. While prior Epi25 studies focused on gene-based collapsing analyses, we asked how the pattern of variation within genes differs by epilepsy type. Specifically, we compared the genetic architectures of severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) and two generally less severe epilepsies, genetic generalized epilepsy and non-acquired focal epilepsy (NAFE). Our gene-based rare variant collapsing analysis used geographic ancestry-based clustering that included broader ancestries than previously possible and revealed novel associations. Using the missense intolerance ratio (MTR), we found that variants in DEE-affected individuals are in significantly more intolerant genic sub-regions than those in NAFE-affected individuals. Only previously reported pathogenic variants absent in available genomic datasets showed a significant burden in epilepsy-affected individuals compared with control individuals, and the ultra-rare pathogenic variants associated with DEE were located in more intolerant genic sub-regions than variants associated with non-DEE epilepsies. MTR filtering improved the yield of ultra-rare pathogenic variants in affected individuals compared with control individuals. Finally, analysis of variants in genes without a disease association revealed a significant burden of loss-of-function variants in the genes most intolerant to such variation, indicating additional epilepsy-risk genes yet to be discovered. Taken together, our study suggests that genic and sub-genic intolerance are critical characteristics for interpreting the effects of variation in genes that influence epilepsy.
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Pacheco-Herrero M, Soto-Rojas LO, Harrington CR, Flores-Martinez YM, Villegas-Rojas MM, León-Aguilar AM, Martínez-Gómez PA, Campa-Córdoba BB, Apátiga-Pérez R, Corniel-Taveras CN, Dominguez-García JDJ, Blanco-Alvarez VM, Luna-Muñoz J. Elucidating the Neuropathologic Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Neurol 2021; 12:660087. [PMID: 33912129 PMCID: PMC8072392 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.660087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current pandemic caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a public health emergency. To date, March 1, 2021, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused about 114 million accumulated cases and 2.53 million deaths worldwide. Previous pieces of evidence suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may affect the central nervous system (CNS) and cause neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients. It is also known that angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, is expressed in different brain areas and cell types. Thus, it is hypothesized that infection by this virus could generate or exacerbate neuropathological alterations. However, the molecular mechanisms that link COVID-19 disease and nerve damage are unclear. In this review, we describe the routes of SARS-CoV-2 invasion into the central nervous system. We also analyze the neuropathologic mechanisms underlying this viral infection, and their potential relationship with the neurological manifestations described in patients with COVID-19, and the appearance or exacerbation of some neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Pacheco-Herrero
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic
| | - Luis O Soto-Rojas
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Charles R Harrington
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Yazmin M Flores-Martinez
- Programa Institucional de Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcos M Villegas-Rojas
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIBI- IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo M León-Aguilar
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIBI- IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola A Martínez-Gómez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - B Berenice Campa-Córdoba
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Cuautitlán, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Apátiga-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Cuautitlán, Mexico
| | - Carolin N Corniel-Taveras
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic
| | - Jesabelle de J Dominguez-García
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic
| | | | - José Luna-Muñoz
- National Dementia BioBank, Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Cuautitlán, Mexico.,Banco Estado de Cerebros-UNPHU, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Ureña, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
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Antiepileptic effects of long-term intracerebroventricular infusion of angiotensin-(1-7) in an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2263-2277. [PMID: 32803259 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most frequent type of epilepsy and is often refractory to pharmacological treatment. In this scenario, extensive research has identified components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) as potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of long-term treatment with angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] in male Wistar rats with TLE induced by pilocarpine (PILO). Rats with TLE were submitted to intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of Ang-(1-7) (200 ng/kg/h) for 28 days, starting at the first spontaneous motor seizure (SMS). Body weight, food intake, and SMS were evaluated daily. Behavioral tests and hippocampal protein levels were also evaluated at the end of the treatment. Ang-(1-7) treatment reduced the frequency of SMS and attenuated low anxiety levels, increased locomotion/exploration, and reduced body weight gain that was induced by TLE. Moreover, Ang-(1-7) positively regulated the hippocampal levels of antioxidant protein catalase and antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), as well as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation, which were reduced by TLE. The hippocampal up-regulation of angiotensin type 1 receptor induced by TLE was also attenuated by Ang-(1-7), while the Mas receptor (MasR) was down-regulated compared with epilepsy. These data show that Ang-(1-7) presents an antiepileptic effect, increasing neuroprotection markers and reducing SMS frequency, body weight, and behavior impairments found in TLE. Therefore, Ang-(1-7) is a promising coadjutant therapeutic option for the treatment of TLE.
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19
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Xu X, Fan R, Ruan Y, Xu M, He J, Cao M, Li X, Zhou W, Liu Y. Inhibition of PLCβ1 signaling pathway regulates methamphetamine self-administration and neurotoxicity in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:111970. [PMID: 33421459 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.111970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that the central renin-angiotensin system is involved in neurological disorders. Our previous studies have demonstrated that angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) in the brain could be a potential target against methamphetamine (METH) use disorder. The present study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of AT1R on various behavioural effects of METH. We first examined the effect of AT1R antagonist, candesartan cilexetil (CAN), on behavioural and neurotoxic effects of METH. Furthermore, we studied the role of phospholipase C beta 1 (PLCβ1) blockade behavioural and neurotoxic effects of METH. The results showed that CAN significantly attenuated METH-induced behavioral disorders and neurotoxicity associated with increased oxidative stress. AT1R and PLCβ1 were significantly upregulated in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of PLCβ1 effectively alleviated METH-induced neurotoxicity and METH self-administration (SA) by central blockade of the PLCβ1 involved signalling pathway. PLCβ1 blockade significantly decreased the reinforcing and motivation effects of METH. PLCβ1 involved signalling pathway, as well as a more specific role of PLCβ1, involved the inhibitory effects of CAN on METH-induced behavioural dysfunction and neurotoxicity. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel role of PLCβ1 in METH-induced neurotoxicity and METH use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xu
- The affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China.
| | - Runyue Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Yanqian Ruan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Mengjie Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Jiajie He
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Mengye Cao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, 1 South Zhuangyu Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, PR China
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Ningbo Kangning Hospital, 1 South Zhuangyu Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, PR China; Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, 21 Xibei Road, Zhejiang, 315040, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China.
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20
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Geng H, Chen X, Wang C. Systematic elucidation of the pharmacological mechanisms of Rhynchophylline for treating epilepsy via network pharmacology. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:9. [PMID: 33407404 PMCID: PMC7788712 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders, affects over 70 million people worldwide. Rhynchophylline displays a wide variety of pharmacologic actives. However, the pharmacologic effects of rhynchophylline and its mechanisms against epilepsy have not been systematically elucidated. Methods The oral bioavailability and druglikeness of rhynchophylline were evaluated using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database. Rhynchophylline target genes to treat epilepsy were identified using PharmMapper, SwissTargetPrediction and DrugBank databases integration. Protein-protein interaction analysis was carried out by utilizing the GeneMANIA database. WebGestalt was employed to perform Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. The drug-disease-target-Gene Ontology-pathway network was constructed using Cytoscape. Results The oral bioavailability and druglikeness of rhynchophylline were calculated to be 41.82% and 0.57, respectively. A total of 20 rhynchophylline target genes related to epilepsy were chosen. Among the 20 genes and their interacting genes, 54.00% shared protein domains and 16.61% displayed co-expression characteristics. Gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and network analyses illustrate that these targets were significantly enriched in regulation of sensory perception, morphine addiction, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and other pathways or biological processes. Conclusion In short, rhynchophylline targets multiple genes or proteins, biological processes and pathways. It shapes a multiple-layer network that exerts systematic pharmacologic activities on epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Geng
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Yancheng, No. 21 Century avenue, Yancheng, 224002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuqin Chen
- Pediatric neurology department, Children's Hospital Affiliated To Suzhou University, No. 50 Donghuan road, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Chengzhong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Yancheng, No. 21 Century avenue, Yancheng, 224002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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21
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Swain S, Thakur S. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss among coronavirus disease-19 patients. MATRIX SCIENCE MEDICA 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/mtsm.mtsm_51_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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22
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Borowicz-Reutt KK, Czuczwar SJ, Rusek M. Interactions of antiepileptic drugs with drugs approved for the treatment of indications other than epilepsy. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:1329-1345. [PMID: 33305639 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1850258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Comorbidities of epilepsy may significantly interfere with its treatment as diseases in the general population are also encountered in epilepsy patients and some of them even more frequently (for instance, depression, anxiety, or heart disease). Obviously, some drugs approved for other than epilepsy indications can modify the anticonvulsant activity of antiepileptics. Areas covered: This review highlights the drug-drug interactions between antiepileptics and aminophylline, some antidepressant, antiarrhythmic (class I-IV), selected antihypertensive drugs and non-barbiturate injectable anesthetics (ketamine, propofol, etomidate, and alphaxalone). The data were reviewed mainly from experimental models of seizures. Whenever possible, clinical data were provided. PUBMED data base was the main search source.Expert opinion: Aminophylline generally reduced the protective activity of antiepileptics, which, to a certain degree, was consistent with scarce clinical data on methylxanthine derivatives and worse seizure control. The only antiarrhythmic with this profile of action was mexiletine when co-administered with VPA. Among antidepressants and non-barbiturate injectable anesthetics, trazodone, mianserin and etomidate or alphaxalone, respectively, negatively affected the anticonvulsant action of some antiepileptic drugs. Clinical data indicate that only amoxapine, bupropion, clomipramine and maprotiline should be used with caution. Possibly, drugs reducing the anticonvulsant potential of antiepileptics should be avoided in epilepsy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga K Borowicz-Reutt
- Independent Unit of Experimental Neuropathophysiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Marta Rusek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Laboratory for Immunology of Skin Diseases, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
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23
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Murta V, Villarreal A, Ramos AJ. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Impact on the Central Nervous System: Are Astrocytes and Microglia Main Players or Merely Bystanders? ASN Neuro 2020; 12:1759091420954960. [PMID: 32878468 PMCID: PMC7476346 DOI: 10.1177/1759091420954960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases surpassing the 18 million mark around the globe, there is an imperative need to gain comprehensive understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the main clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are associated with respiratory or intestinal symptoms, reports of neurological signs and symptoms are increasing. The etiology of these neurological manifestations remains obscure, and probably involves several direct pathways, not excluding the direct entry of the virus to the central nervous system (CNS) through the olfactory epithelium, circumventricular organs, or disrupted blood–brain barrier. Furthermore, neuroinflammation might occur in response to the strong systemic cytokine storm described for COVID-19, or due to dysregulation of the CNS rennin-angiotensin system. Descriptions of neurological manifestations in patients in the previous coronavirus (CoV) outbreaks have been numerous for the SARS-CoV and lesser for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Strong evidence from patients and experimental models suggests that some human variants of CoV have the ability to reach the CNS and that neurons, astrocytes, and/or microglia can be target cells for CoV. A growing body of evidence shows that astrocytes and microglia have a major role in neuroinflammation, responding to local CNS inflammation and/or to disbalanced peripheral inflammation. This is another potential mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 damage to the CNS. In this comprehensive review, we will summarize the known neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV; explore the potential role for astrocytes and microglia in the infection and neuroinflammation; and compare them with the previously described human and animal CoV that showed neurotropism to propose possible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Murta
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis," Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis," Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto J Ramos
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis," Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fu J, Tao T, Li Z, Chen Y, Li J, Peng L. The roles of ER stress in epilepsy: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110658. [PMID: 32841895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsies are a diverse group of neurological disorders, which are characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures. Although a wide range of pathogenic mechanisms such as alterations in ion channels, inflammation and neuronal loss have been reported to be implicated in the epileptogenesis, the underlying pathogenesis of epilepsy remains unclear currently. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is regarded as a condition that unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen. Excessive or prolonged ER stress causes the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) to buffer ER stress and restore ER homeostasis. Increasing evidence has indicated dysregulated ER stress during epileptogenesis, which may participate in various pathological processes associated with epilepsy. In this present review, we summarized recent advances in the involvement of ER stress in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Additionally, the antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects of interventions targeting ER stress were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, China; Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zuoxiao Li
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jinglun Li
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Lilei Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyasakthy Saniasiaya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 173800Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Jalan Rasah, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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26
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Cure E, Cumhur Cure M. Comment on "Hearing loss and COVID-19: A note". Am J Otolaryngol 2020; 41:102513. [PMID: 32386897 PMCID: PMC7192076 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Cure
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ota & Jinemed Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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27
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Rusek M, Czuczwar SJ. A review of clinically significant drug-drug interactions involving angiotensin II receptor antagonists and antiepileptic drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:507-515. [PMID: 32397766 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1763955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiotensin II receptor blockers are widely used for the treatment of arterial hypertension and heart failure. However, recent studies on animal models of seizures showed that in the brain, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system might be involved in neuroinflammation; therefore, the administration of angiotensin II receptor blockers that cross the blood/brain barrier, reduces not only blood pressure but reduces neuroinflammation-induced neuronal injury. Apart from this neuroprotective effect, these drugs exhibit anticonvulsant activity in animal models of seizures, and losartan is associated with a probable anti-epileptogenic activity. AREAS COVERED In this review, we intended to highlight the role of drug-drug interactions involving angiotensin II receptor antagonists with antiepileptic drugs accompanied by a brief characteristic of the role of RAS in neuroinflammation. EXPERT OPINION Some combinations of antiepileptic drugs (lamotrigine or valproate) with sartans are particularly effective in terms of enhanced seizure control. Considering a possible anti-epileptogenic activity of losartan, its combinations with antiepileptic drugs may prove especially beneficial in epileptogenesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rusek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Laboratory for Immunology of Skin Diseases, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin, Poland
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28
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Cure E, Cumhur Cure M. Comment on "Hearing loss and COVID-19: A note". Am J Otolaryngol 2020. [PMID: 32386897 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102513.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Cure
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ota & Jinemed Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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29
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Garcia-Garrote M, Perez-Villalba A, Garrido-Gil P, Belenguer G, Parga JA, Perez-Sanchez F, Labandeira-Garcia JL, Fariñas I, Rodriguez-Pallares J. Interaction between Angiotensin Type 1, Type 2, and Mas Receptors to Regulate Adult Neurogenesis in the Brain Ventricular-Subventricular Zone. Cells 2019; 8:E1551. [PMID: 31801296 PMCID: PMC6952803 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and particularly its angiotensin type-2 receptors (AT2), have been classically involved in processes of cell proliferation and maturation during development. However, the potential role of RAS in adult neurogenesis in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and its aging-related alterations have not been investigated. In the present study, we analyzed the role of major RAS receptors on neurogenesis in the V-SVZ of adult mice and rats. In mice, we showed that the increase in proliferation of cells in this neurogenic niche was induced by activation of AT2 receptors but depended partially on the AT2-dependent antagonism of AT1 receptor expression, which restricted proliferation. Furthermore, we observed a functional dependence of AT2 receptor actions on Mas receptors. In rats, where the levels of the AT1 relative to those of AT2 receptor are much lower, pharmacological inhibition of the AT1 receptor alone was sufficient in increasing AT2 receptor levels and proliferation in the V-SVZ. Our data revealed that interactions between RAS receptors play a major role in the regulation of V-SVZ neurogenesis, particularly in proliferation, generation of neuroblasts, and migration to the olfactory bulb, both in young and aged brains, and suggest potential beneficial effects of RAS modulators on neurogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Animals
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lateral Ventricles/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Biological
- Neural Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neurogenesis/genetics
- Protein Binding
- Rats
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garcia-Garrote
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular de la Enfermedad de Parkinson, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Dpto. Ciencias Morfolóxicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Perez-Villalba
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular de la Enfermedad de Parkinson, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Dpto. Ciencias Morfolóxicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - German Belenguer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Juan A Parga
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular de la Enfermedad de Parkinson, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Dpto. Ciencias Morfolóxicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Sanchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular de la Enfermedad de Parkinson, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Dpto. Ciencias Morfolóxicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física and Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Jannette Rodriguez-Pallares
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular de la Enfermedad de Parkinson, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Dpto. Ciencias Morfolóxicas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
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