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Zhao Z, Li H, Gao X. Microwave Encounters Ionic Liquid: Synergistic Mechanism, Synthesis and Emerging Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2651-2698. [PMID: 38157216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Progress in microwave (MW) energy application technology has stimulated remarkable advances in manufacturing and high-quality applications of ionic liquids (ILs) that are generally used as novel media in chemical engineering. This Review focuses on an emerging technology via the combination of MW energy and the usage of ILs, termed microwave-assisted ionic liquid (MAIL) technology. In comparison to conventional routes that rely on heat transfer through media, the contactless and unique MW heating exploits the electromagnetic wave-ions interactions to deliver energy to IL molecules, accelerating the process of material synthesis, catalytic reactions, and so on. In addition to the inherent advantages of ILs, including outstanding solubility, and well-tuned thermophysical properties, MAIL technology has exhibited great potential in process intensification to meet the requirement of efficient, economic chemical production. Here we start with an introduction to principles of MW heating, highlighting fundamental mechanisms of MW induced process intensification based on ILs. Next, the synergies of MW energy and ILs employed in materials synthesis, as well as their merits, are documented. The emerging applications of MAIL technologies are summarized in the next sections, involving tumor therapy, organic catalysis, separations, and bioconversions. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of this emerging technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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Wu X, Gong J, Ren S, Tan F, Wang Y, Zhao H. A machine learning-based QSAR model reveals important molecular features for understanding the potential inhibition mechanism of ionic liquids to acetylcholinesterase. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169974. [PMID: 38199350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The broad application of ionic liquids (ILs) has been hindered by uncertainties surrounding their ecotoxicity. In this work, a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) model was devised to predict the inhibition of ILs towards the activity of AChE, employing both Random Forest (RF) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning approaches. Fourteen kings of essential molecular feature descriptors were screened from an initial roster of 244 descriptors through the application of a feature importance index and they showed a significant impact on the activity of AChE activity. The two models based solely on the 14 most critical molecular descriptors could maintain model's robustness and reliability. The correlation analysis between these 14 descriptors and the inhibition of AChE activity revealed the potential impact of the molecular characteristics on ILs toxicity. The results underscored the main influence of cations in ILs on the inhibitory activity towards the AChE enzyme. Specifically, cations exhibiting hydrophobicity properties were found to exert more potent inhibitory effects on the AChE enzyme. In addition, some other properties of the cations, such as the degree of branching, atomic weight and partial charge also modulated their inhibition potential. This study enhances the comprehension of the structure-activity relationship between ILs and AChE inhibition, providing a reference for designing safer and greener ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuri Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jixiang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Suyu Ren
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Song Z, Chen J, Cheng J, Chen G, Qi Z. Computer-Aided Molecular Design of Ionic Liquids as Advanced Process Media: A Review from Fundamentals to Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:248-317. [PMID: 38108629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The unique physicochemical properties, flexible structural tunability, and giant chemical space of ionic liquids (ILs) provide them a great opportunity to match different target properties to work as advanced process media. The crux of the matter is how to efficiently and reliably tailor suitable ILs toward a specific application. In this regard, the computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) approach has been widely adapted to cover this family of high-profile chemicals, that is, to perform computer-aided IL design (CAILD). This review discusses the past developments that have contributed to the state-of-the-art of CAILD and provides a perspective about how future works could pursue the acceleration of the practical application of ILs. In a broad context of CAILD, key aspects related to the forward structure-property modeling and reverse molecular design of ILs are overviewed. For the former forward task, diverse IL molecular representations, modeling algorithms, as well as representative models on physical properties, thermodynamic properties, among others of ILs are introduced. For the latter reverse task, representative works formulating different molecular design scenarios are summarized. Beyond the substantial progress made, some future perspectives to move CAILD a step forward are finally provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Song
- State Key laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- State Key laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- State Key laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guzhong Chen
- State Key laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhiwen Qi
- State Key laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Application of atomic electrostatic potential descriptors for predicting the eco-toxicity of ionic liquids towards leukemia rat cell line. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Density Functional Method Study on the Cooperativity of Intermolecular H-bonding and π-π + Stacking Interactions in Thymine-[C nmim]Br ( n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) Microhydrates. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196242. [PMID: 36234781 PMCID: PMC9572290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploration of the ionic liquids’ mechanism of action on nucleobase’s structure and properties is still limited. In this work, the binding model of the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Cnmim]Br, n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) ionic liquids to the thymine (T) was studied in a water environment (PCM) and a microhydrated surroundings (PCM + wH2O). Geometries of the mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-ionic thymine (T-wH2O-y[Cnmim]+-xBr−, w = 5~1 and x + y = 0~4) complexes were optimized at the M06-2X/6-311++G(2d, p) level. The IR and UV-Vis spectra, QTAIM, and NBO analysis for the most stable T-4H2O-Br−-1, T-3H2O-[Cnmim]+-Br−-1, T-2H2O-[Cnmim]+-2Br−-1, and T-1H2O-2[Cnmim]+-2Br−-1 hydrates were presented in great detail. The results show that the order of the arrangement stability of thymine with the cations (T-[Cnmim]+) by PCM is stacking > perpendicular > coplanar, and with the anion (T-Br−) is front > top. The stability order for the different microhydrates is following T-5H2O-1 < T-4H2O-Br−-1 < T-3H2O-[Cnmim]+-Br−-1 < T-2H2O-[Cnmim]+-2Br−-1 < T-1H2O-2[Cnmim]+-2Br−-1. A good linear relationship between binding EB values and the increasing number (x + y) of ions has been found, which indicates that the cooperativity of interactions for the H-bonding and π-π+ stacking is varying incrementally in the growing ionic clusters. The stacking model between thymine and [Cnmim]+ cations is accompanied by weaker hydrogen bonds which are always much less favorable than those in T-xBr− complexes; the same trend holds when the clusters in size grow and the length of alkyl chains in the imidazolium cations increase. QTAIM and NBO analytical methods support the existence of mutually reinforcing hydrogen bonds and π-π cooperativity in the systems.
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Jo A, Kwak JH, Woo SY, Kim BY, Son Y, Choi HS, Kim J, Kwon M, Cho HR, Eo SK, Nam JH, Kim HS, Baryawno N, Lee D, Kim K. Oxime derivative TFOBO promotes cell death by modulating reactive oxygen species and regulating NADPH oxidase activity in myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7519. [PMID: 35525902 PMCID: PMC9079095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several derivatives derived from the oxime structure have been reported as potential anticancer agents in various cancers. Here, we first tested a novel oxime-containing derivative of 2-((2,4,5-trifluorobenzyl)oxy)benzaldehyde oxime (TFOBO) to evaluate its anticancer effect in myeloid leukemic cells. Compared to (2-((2,4,5-trifluorobenzyl)oxy)phenyl)methanol (TFOPM), the oxime derivative TFOBO suppresses leukemic cell growth by significantly increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and cell death. Leukemic cells treated with TFOBO displayed apoptotic cell death, as indicated by nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, and annexin V staining. TFOBO increases Bax/Bcl2 levels, caspase9, and caspase3/7 activity and decreases mitochondrial membrane potential. ROS production was reduced by N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a ROS scavenger, diphenyleneiodonium chloride, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor, after exogenous TFOBO treatment. ROS inhibitors protect leukemic cells from TFOBO-induced cell death. Thus, our study findings suggest that TFOBO promotes apoptosis by modulating ROS and regulating NADPH oxidase activity. Collectively, the oxime-containing derivative TFOBO is a novel therapeutic drug for myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahyoung Jo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Woo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghae Son
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seon Choi
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Munju Kwon
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyok-Rae Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, 49267, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ho Nam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ninib Baryawno
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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Wang H, Wang X, Jia J, Qin Y, Chen S, Wang S, Martyniuk CJ, Yan B. Comparative toxicity of [C 8mim]Br and [C 8py]Br in early developmental stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) with focus on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neurotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103864. [PMID: 35430362 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increasing production and usage of ionic liquids (ILs) have raised global ecotoxicological concerns regarding their release into the environment. While the effects of side chains on the IL-induced toxicity in various aquatic organisms have been well-recognized, the role of cationic cores in determining their ecotoxicity remains to be elucidated. Herein, the comparative bioavailability and toxicity of two ILs with different cationic cores but the same anion and side chain in zebrafish embryos were determined. 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim]Br) has higher accumulation in zebrafish, and triggered developmental toxicity by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Meanwhile, 1-octyl-1-methylpyridium bromide ([C8py]Br) enhanced SOD activity and upregulated anti-apoptotic bcl-2 gene expression, contributing to its much lower neurodevelopmental toxicity. Our study demonstrates the vital role of cationic core in determining the developmental toxicity of ILs and highlights the need for further investigations into the toxicity of imidazolium and pyridinium based ILs in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangyingzi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yingju Qin
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Siying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shenqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, UF Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences in Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Bing Yan
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Kang X, Zhao Y, Chen Z. Atom surface fragment contribution method for predicting the toxicity of ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126705. [PMID: 34315017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel method-atom surface fragment contribution (ASFC)-was proposed for assessing the properties of compounds. We developed a predictive model using the ASFC method based on the sigma surface areas (Sσ-surface) of fragments/groups for estimating the toxicity of ILs. A toxicity dataset of 140 ILs towards leukemia rat cell line (ICP-81) was gathered and employed to train and validate models. The Sσ-surface values of atoms in each group were firstly calculated from the COSMO profiles of cations and anions for ILs. Then the Sσ-surface values of 26 groups were obtained and used as input descriptors for modelling. The R2 and MSE of the built ASFC model were 0.924 and 0.071, respectively. Results indicate that the ASFC model developed by the new approach possesses great accuracy and reliability. In total, the ASFC method has extensive potential for the application of estimating diverse properties of ILs and other compounds due to its remarkable advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Kang
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5080, United States.
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol 16500, Czech Republic.
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Wei P, Pan X, Chen CY, Li HY, Yan X, Li C, Chu YH, Yan B. Emerging impacts of ionic liquids on eco-environmental safety and human health. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13609-13627. [PMID: 34812453 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00946j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their unique physicochemical properties, ionic liquids (ILs) have been rapidly applied in diverse areas, such as organic synthesis, electrochemistry, analytical chemistry, functional materials, pharmaceutics, and biomedicine. The increase in the production and application of ILs has resulted in their release into aquatic and terrestrial environments. Because of their low vapor pressure, ILs cause very little pollution in the atmosphere compared to organic solvents. However, ILs are highly persistent in aquatic and terrestrial environments due to their stability, and therefore, potentially threaten the safety of eco-environments and human health. Specifically, the environmental translocation and retention of ILs, or their accumulation in organisms, are all related to their physiochemical properties, such as hydrophobicity. Based on results of ecotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and toxicity in mammalian models, the mechanisms involved in IL-induced toxicity include damage of cell membranes and induction of oxidative stress. Recently, artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques have been used in mining and modeling toxicity data to make meaningful predictions. Major future challenges are also discussed. This review will accelerate our understanding of the safety issues of ILs and serve as a guideline for the design of the next generation of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xiujiao Pan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chien-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Hsin-Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Xiliang Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yen-Ho Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China. .,Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Yan J, Yan X, Hu S, Zhu H, Yan B. Comprehensive Interrogation on Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition by Ionic Liquids Using Machine Learning and Molecular Modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14720-14731. [PMID: 34636548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling can be used to predict the toxicity of ionic liquids (ILs), but most QSAR models have been constructed by arbitrarily selecting one machine learning method and ignored the overall interactions between ILs and biological systems, such as proteins. In order to obtain more reliable and interpretable QSAR models and reveal the related molecular mechanism, we performed a systematic analysis of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition by 153 ILs using machine learning and molecular modeling. Our results showed that more reliable and stable QSAR models (R2 > 0.85 for both cross-validation and external validation) were obtained by combining the results from multiple machine learning approaches. In addition, molecular docking results revealed that the cations and organic anions of ILs bound to specific amino acid residues of AChE through noncovalent interactions such as π interactions and hydrogen bonds. The calculation results of binding free energy showed that an electrostatic interaction (ΔEele < -285 kJ/mol) was the main driving force for the binding of ILs to AChE. The overall findings from this investigation demonstrate that a systematic approach is much more convincing. Future research in this direction will help design the next generation of biosafe ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiliang Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhu
- The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Camden, New Jersey 08102, United States
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
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Cho CW, Pham TPT, Zhao Y, Stolte S, Yun YS. Review of the toxic effects of ionic liquids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147309. [PMID: 33975102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Interest in ionic liquids (ILs), called green or designer solvents, has been increasing because of their excellent properties such as thermal stability and low vapor pressure; thus, they can replace harmful organic chemicals and help several industrial fields e.g., energy-storage materials production and biomaterial pretreatment. However, the claim that ILs are green solvents should be carefully considered from an environmental perspective. ILs, given their minimal vapor pressure, may not directly cause atmospheric pollution. However, they have the potential to cause adverse effects if leaked into the environment, for instance if they are spilled due to human mistakes or technical errors. To estimate the risks of ILs, numerous ILs have had their toxicity assessed toward several micro- and macro-organisms over the past few decades. Since the toxic effects of ILs depend on the method of estimating toxicity, it is necessary to briefly summarize and comprehensively discuss the biological effects of ILs according to their structure and toxicity testing levels. This can help simplify our understanding of the toxicity of ILs. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the key findings of toxicological information of ILs, collect some toxicity data of ILs to different species, and explain the influence of IL structure on their toxic properties. In the discussion, we estimated two different sensitivity values of toxicity testing levels depending on the experiment condition, which are theoretical magnitudes of the inherent sensitivity of toxicity testing levels in various conditions and their changes in biological response according to the change in IL structure. Finally, some perspectives, future research directions, and limitations to toxicological research of ILs, presented so far, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Woong Cho
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Thi Phuong Thuy Pham
- Faculty of Biotechnology, HoChiMihn University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Hydrosciences, Institute of Water Chemistry, Bergstraße 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yeoung-Sang Yun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Beakje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea.
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Gonçalves AR, Paredes X, Cristino AF, Santos FJ, Queirós CS. Ionic Liquids-A Review of Their Toxicity to Living Organisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5612. [PMID: 34070636 PMCID: PMC8198260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) were initially hailed as a green alternative to traditional solvents because of their almost non-existent vapor pressure as ecological replacement of most common volatile solvents in industrial processes for their damaging effects on the environment. It is common knowledge that they are not as green as desired, and more thought must be put into the biological consequences of their industrial use. Still, compared to the amount of research studying their physicochemical properties and potential applications in different areas, there is a scarcity of scientific papers regarding how these substances interact with different organisms. The intent of this review was to compile the information published in this area since 2015 to allow the reader to better understand how, for example, bacteria, plants, fish, etc., react to the presence of this family of liquids. In general, lipophilicity is one of the main drivers of toxicity and thus the type of cation. The anion tends to play a minor (but not negligible) role, but more research is needed since, owing to the very nature of ILs, except for the most common ones (imidazolium and ammonium-based), many of them are subject to only one or two articles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carla S.G.P. Queirós
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.R.P.G.); (X.P.); (A.F.C.); (F.J.V.S.)
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Koutsoukos S, Philippi F, Malaret F, Welton T. A review on machine learning algorithms for the ionic liquid chemical space. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6820-6843. [PMID: 34123314 PMCID: PMC8153233 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01000j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There are thousands of papers published every year investigating the properties and possible applications of ionic liquids. Industrial use of these exceptional fluids requires adequate understanding of their physical properties, in order to create the ionic liquid that will optimally suit the application. Computational property prediction arose from the urgent need to minimise the time and cost that would be required to experimentally test different combinations of ions. This review discusses the use of machine learning algorithms as property prediction tools for ionic liquids (either as standalone methods or in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations), presents common problems of training datasets and proposes ways that could lead to more accurate and efficient models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Koutsoukos
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Frederik Philippi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Francisco Malaret
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Tom Welton
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
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14
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Kang X, Lv Z, Zhao Y, Chen Z. A QSPR model for estimating Henry's law constant of H2S in ionic liquids by ELM algorithm. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128743. [PMID: 33139046 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) as green solvents have been studied in the application of gas sweetening. However, it is a huge challenge to obtain all the experimental values because of the high costs and generated chemical wastes. This study pioneered a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model for estimating Henry's law constant (HLC) of H2S in ILs. A dataset consisting of the HLC data of H2S for 22 ILs within a wide range of temperature (298.15-363.15 K) were collected from published reports. The electrostatic potential surface area (SEP) and molecular volume of these ILs were calculated and used as input descriptors together with temperature. The extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm was employed for nonlinear modelling. Results showed that the determination coefficient (R2) of the training set, test set and total set were 0.9996, 0.9989,0.9994, respectively, while the average absolute relative deviation (AARD%) of them were 1.3383, 2,4820 and 1.5820, respectively. The statistical parameters for the measurement of the model exhibited the great reliability, stability, and predictive power of the ELM model. The Applicability Domain (AD) of the ELM model is also investigated. It proves that the majority of ILs in the training and test sets are located in the model's AD and verifies the reliability of the model. The proposed model is potentially applicable to guide the application of ILs for gas sweetening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life, Jiangsu Normal University, Shanghai Road 101, 221116, Xuzhou, China; Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zuopeng Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life, Jiangsu Normal University, Shanghai Road 101, 221116, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-5080, United States.
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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15
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Kowalska D, Maculewicz J, Stepnowski P, Dołżonek J. Ionic liquids as environmental hazards - Crucial data in view of future PBT and PMT assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123896. [PMID: 33264960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) constitute a large group of chemical compounds. They have gained much attention among scientists and industry due to their unique properties. Due to the fact that ILs are purely ionic compounds, there is the possibility to design an enormous number of cation and anion combinations, making them designer solvents. Thus it also creates the possibility of producing more environmentally benign solvents. However, significant drawbacks related mainly to their toxicity and persistence have already been noticed. Furthermore the interest in these compounds is constantly growing and their impact on the environment should be defined. More and more ILs are produced or imported in the amount higher than 10 tonnes per year and the group of ILs registered in REACH is still expanding. Thus for an increasing number of compounds, it will be necessary to perform a PBT and PMT assessment using the criteria described in REACH. Therefore the data collected in this work thoroughly sort out the information on the toxicity, bioconcentration/bioaccumulation, biodegradation and mobility of ILs in the context of PBT and PMT assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kowalska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Dołżonek
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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16
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Chemometrics for Selection, Prediction, and Classification of Sustainable Solutions for Green Chemistry—A Review. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12122055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we present the applications of chemometric techniques for green and sustainable chemistry. The techniques, such as cluster analysis, principal component analysis, artificial neural networks, and multivariate ranking techniques, are applied for dealing with missing data, grouping or classification purposes, selection of green material, or processes. The areas of application are mainly finding sustainable solutions in terms of solvents, reagents, processes, or conditions of processes. Another important area is filling the data gaps in datasets to more fully characterize sustainable options. It is significant as many experiments are avoided, and the results are obtained with good approximation. Multivariate statistics are tools that support the application of quantitative structure–property relationships, a widely applied technique in green chemistry.
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17
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Giner B, Mergenbayeva S, Lomba L, Rafikova K, Dauletbakov A, Belyankova Y, Seilkhanov T, Zazybin A. Synthesis and Ecotoxicological Studies of Ionic Compounds Based on Tolperisone, Diphenhydramine and Trimecaine. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Giner
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad San Jorge, Autovía Mudéjar, km. 299 50830 Villanueva de Gállego Zaragoza Spain
| | - Saule Mergenbayeva
- School of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Satbayev University Satpayev str., 22a 050013 Almaty Kazakhstan
| | - Laura Lomba
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad San Jorge, Autovía Mudéjar, km. 299 50830 Villanueva de Gállego Zaragoza Spain
| | - Khadichachan Rafikova
- School of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Satbayev University Satpayev str., 22a 050013 Almaty Kazakhstan
| | - Anuar Dauletbakov
- School of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Satbayev University Satpayev str., 22a 050013 Almaty Kazakhstan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kazakh-British Technical University 59 Tole bi str. 050000 Almaty Kazakhstan
| | - Yelizaveta Belyankova
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kazakh-British Technical University 59 Tole bi str. 050000 Almaty Kazakhstan
| | - Tulegen Seilkhanov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile NMR Spectroscopy Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau State University Abay Str., 76 Kokshetau 020000 Kazakhstan
| | - Alexey Zazybin
- School of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Satbayev University Satpayev str., 22a 050013 Almaty Kazakhstan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kazakh-British Technical University 59 Tole bi str. 050000 Almaty Kazakhstan
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18
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Quantitative structure toxicity analysis of ionic liquids toward acetylcholinesterase enzyme using novel QSTR models with index of ideality of correlation and correlation contradiction index. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Flieger J, Flieger M. Ionic Liquids Toxicity-Benefits and Threats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6267. [PMID: 32872533 PMCID: PMC7504185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are solvents with salt structures. Typically, they contain organic cations (ammonium, imidazolium, pyridinium, piperidinium or pyrrolidinium), and halogen, fluorinated or organic anions. While ILs are considered to be environmentally-friendly compounds, only a few reasons support this claim. This is because of high thermal stability, and negligible pressure at room temperature which makes them non-volatile, therefore preventing the release of ILs into the atmosphere. The expansion of the range of applications of ILs in many chemical industry fields has led to a growing threat of contamination of the aquatic and terrestrial environments by these compounds. As the possibility of the release of ILs into the environment s grow systematically, there is an increasing and urgent obligation to determine their toxic and antimicrobial influence on the environment. Many bioassays were carried out to evaluate the (eco)toxicity and biodegradability of ILs. Most of them have questioned their "green" features as ILs turned out to be toxic towards organisms from varied trophic levels. Therefore, there is a need for a new biodegradable, less toxic "greener" ILs. This review presents the potential risks to the environment linked to the application of ILs. These are the following: cytotoxicity evaluated by the use of human cells, toxicity manifesting in aqueous and terrestrial environments. The studies proving the relation between structures versus toxicity for ILs with special emphasis on directions suitable for designing safer ILs synthesized from renewable sources are also presented. The representants of a new generation of easily biodegradable ILs derivatives of amino acids, sugars, choline, and bicyclic monoterpene moiety are collected. Some benefits of using ILs in medicine, agriculture, and the bio-processing industry are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Flieger
- Medical University of Lublin, Faculty of Medicine, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
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20
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Seth A, Ojha PK, Roy K. QSAR modeling with ETA indices for cytotoxicity and enzymatic activity of diverse chemicals. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122498. [PMID: 32199202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of huge amount of chemicals from industries into the environment has led to toxicity towards different living species. Therefore, risk assessment of these chemicals is essential. In order to comply with the ethical issues, in this present work, we have developed quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for cytotoxicity against GFS (goldfish scale) tissue (Crassius auratus) and enzymatic activity against PLHC-1 cell line (topminnow hepatoma cell line) (Poeciliopsis lucida). The final models were developed by means of PLS (Partial Least Squares) regression method applying only ETA (extended topochemical atom) descriptors. The results obtained from various validation parameters (obtained from the both datasets) suggested that the developed models are statistically robust and predictive. From the insights obtained from the models developed from the Neutral Red dye (NR) dataset, it can be concluded that presence of bulky atoms, unsaturation, branching and hetero atoms (most importantly N, Cl) enhance the cytotoxicity towards the Goldfish scale tissue. On the other hand, in case of the Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) dataset, presence of higher electronegative atoms (O, Cl), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with more number of rings and absence of polar groups and hydrogen bond acceptors enhance enzymatic activity of the PLHC-1 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Seth
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Probir Kumar Ojha
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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21
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Gu W, Li Q, Li Y. Environment-friendly PCN derivatives design and environmental behavior simulation based on a multi-activity 3D-QSAR model and molecular dynamics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122339. [PMID: 32135364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A multi-activity three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model was established based on the comprehensive evaluation index (CEI) of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). The CEI values were calculated using the vector analysis method in combination with the following parameters: biological toxicity (predicted by logEC50), bioconcentration (predicted by logKow), long-distance migration (predicted by logPL), and biodegradation (predicted by total-score). Additionally, sixty-four CN-70 derivatives with lower CEI values were designed, among which three derivatives with reduced CEI values were selected for verification based on an evaluation of their persistent organic pollutant properties and practicability. Finally, an environmental behavior simulation was conducted via molecular dynamics simulation aided by the Taguchi experimental design by considering the degradation characteristics of the three aforementioned CN-70 derivatives as an example. Only two of the selected CN-70 derivatives were observed to be more easily degraded when compared with the CN-70 molecule (ascending range: 11.57 %-13.57 %) in a real-world setting, which was consistent with the biodegradability prediction results (ascending range: 14.94 %-22.49 %) obtained through the molecular docking studies. The multi-activity 3D-QSAR model established in this study overcame the limitations of generating molecular designs based on single-effect models from the source because it focused on the multiple effects of the pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Qing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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22
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Amorim ML, Soares J, Coimbra JSDR, Leite MDO, Albino LFT, Martins MA. Microalgae proteins: production, separation, isolation, quantification, and application in food and feed. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1976-2002. [PMID: 32462889 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1768046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many countries have been experienced an increase in protein consumption due to the population growth and adoption of protein-rich dietaries. Unfortunately, conventional-based protein agroindustry is associated with environmental impacts that might aggravate as the humankind increase. Thus, it is important to screen for novel protein sources that are environmentally friendly. Microalgae farming is a promising alternative to couple the anthropic emissions with the production of food and feed. Some microalgae show protein contents two times higher than conventional protein sources. The use of whole microalgae biomass as a protein source in food and feed is simple and well-established. Conversely, the production of microalgae protein supplements and isolates requires the development of feasible and robust processes able to fractionate the microalgae biomass in different value-added products. Since most of the proteins are inside the microalgae cells, several techniques of disruption have been proposed to increase the efficiency to extract them. After the disruption of the microalgae cells, the proteins can be extracted, concentrated, isolated or purified allowing the development of different products. This critical review addresses the current state of the production of microalgae proteins for multifarious applications, and possibilities to concatenate the production of proteins and advanced biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Lopes Amorim
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Jimmy Soares
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcio Arêdes Martins
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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23
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Sivapragasam M, Moniruzzaman M, Goto M. An Overview on the Toxicological Properties of Ionic Liquids toward Microorganisms. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900073. [PMID: 31864234 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), a class of materials with unique physicochemical properties, have been used extensively in the fields of chemical engineering, biotechnology, material sciences, pharmaceutics, and many others. Because ILs are very polar by nature, they can migrate into the environment with the possibility of inclusion in the food chain and bioaccumulation in living organisms. However, the chemical natures of ILs are not quintessentially biocompatible. Therefore, the practical uses of ILs must be preceded by suitable toxicological assessments. Among different methods, the use of microorganisms to evaluate IL toxicity provides many advantages including short generation time, rapid growth, and environmental and industrial relevance. This article reviews the recent research progress on the toxicological properties of ILs toward microorganisms and highlights the computational prediction of various toxicity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magaret Sivapragasam
- Biotechnology Department, QUEST International University Perak, 30250, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.,Center of Researches in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Integrative Assessment of Mixture Toxicity of Three Ionic Liquids on Acetylcholinesterase Using a Progressive Approach from 1D Point, 2D Curve, to 3D Surface. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215330. [PMID: 31717775 PMCID: PMC6862499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The joint toxicities of [BMIM]BF4, [BMIM]PF6, and [HMIM]BF4 on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were systematically investigated by using a progressive approach from 1D single effect point, 2D concentration-response curve (CRC), to 3D equivalent-surface (ES) level. The equipartition equivalent-surface design (EESD) method was used to design 10 ternary mixtures, and the direct equipartition ray (EquRay) design was used to design 15 binary mixtures. The toxicities of ionic liquids (ILs) and their mixtures were determined using the microplate toxicity analysis (MTA) method. The concentration addition (CA), independent action (IA), and co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) were used as the additive reference model to analyze the toxic interaction of these mixtures. The results showed that the Weibull function fitted well the CRCs of the three ILs and their mixtures with the coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.99 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) less than 0.04. According to the CTC integrated with confidence interval (CI) method (CTCICI) developed in this study, the 25 mixtures were almost all additive action at 20% and 80% effect point levels. At 50% effect, at least half of the 25 mixtures were slightly synergistic action, and the remaining mixtures were additive action. Furthermore, the ESs and CRCs predicted by CA and IA were all within the CIs of mixture observed ESs and CRCs, respectively. Therefore, the toxic interactions of these 25 mixtures were actually additive action. The joint toxicity of the three ILs can be effectively evaluated by the ES method. We also studied the relationship between the mixture toxicities and component concentration proportions. This study can provide reference data for IL risk assessment of combined pollution.
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