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Li WT, Lin JY, Liu JJ, Hafeez M, Deng SW, Chen HY, Ren RJ, Rana MS, Wang RL. Molecular insights into the functional analysis of P450 CYP321A7 gene in the involvement of detoxification of lambda-cyhalothrin in Spodoptera frugiperda. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:106009. [PMID: 39084775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is a widely recognized global agricultural pest that has significantly reduced crop yields all over the world. S. frugiperda has developed resistance to various insecticides. Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs or P450s) play an important role in detoxifying insecticides, leading to increased resistance in insect populations. However, the function of the specific P450 gene for lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in S. frugiperda was unclear. Herein, the expression patterns of 40 P450 genes in the susceptible and lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant populations were analyzed. Among them, CYP321A7 was found to be overexpressed in the resistant population, specifically LRS (resistance ratio = 25.38-fold) derived from a lambda-cyhalothrin-susceptible (SS) population and FLRS (a population caught from a field, resistance ratio = 63.80-fold). Elevated enzyme activity of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) was observed for LRS (2.76-fold) and the FLRS (4.88-fold) as compared to SS, while no significant differences were observed in the activities of glutathione S-transferases and esterases. Furthermore, the knockdown of CYP321A7 gene by RNA interference significantly increased the susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin. Remarkably, the knockdown of CYP321A7 reduced the enzymatic activity of P450 by 43.7%, 31.9%, and 22.5% in SS, LRS, and FLRS populations, respectively. Interestingly, fourth-instar larvae treated with lambda-cyhalothrin at the LC30 dosage had a greater mortality rate due to RNA interference-induced suppression of CYP321A7 (with increases of 61.1%, 50.0%, and 45.6% for SS, LRS, and FLRS populations, respectively). These findings suggest a link between lambda-cyhalothrin resistance and continual overexpression of CYP321A7 in S. frugiperda larvae, emphasizing the possible importance of CYP321A7 in lambda-cyhalothrin detoxification in S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Li
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517000, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Yu Lin
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517000, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Jie Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517000, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Shi-Wen Deng
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517000, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong-Yu Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517000, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rong-Jie Ren
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517000, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Rana
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517000, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Rui-Long Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Heyuan 517000, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Kumari R, Saha T, Kumar P, Singh AK. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing technique to control fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda) in crop plants with special reference to maize. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:1161-1173. [PMID: 39100879 PMCID: PMC11291824 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Fall Armyworm imposes a major risk to agricultural losses. Insecticides have historically been used to manage its infestations, but it eventually becomes resistant to them. To combat the pest, a more recent strategy based on the use of transgenic maize that expresses Bt proteins such as Cry1F from the bacteria has been used. Nonetheless, there have been numerous reports of Cry1F maize resistance in FAW populations. Nowadays, the more effective and less time-consuming genome editing method known as CRISPR/Cas9 technology has gradually supplanted these various breeding techniques. This method successfully edits the genomes of various insects, including Spodoptera frugiperda. On the other hand, this new technique can change an insect's DNA to overcome its tolerance to specific insecticides or to generate a gene drive. The production of plant cultivars resistant to fall armyworms holds great potential for the sustainable management of this pest, given the swift advancement of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and its varied uses. Thus, this review article discussed and critically assessed the use of CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology in long-term fall armyworm pest management. However, this review study focuses primarily on the mechanism of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in both crop plants and insects for FAW management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Kumari
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bihar 813210 India
| | - Tamoghna Saha
- Department of Entomology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bihar 813210 India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bihar 813210 India
| | - A. K. Singh
- Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, 813210 Bihar India
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Neto CBS, Gomes TG, Filho EXF, Fontes W, Ricart CAO, de Almeida JRM, de Siqueira FG, Miller RNG. An Enzymatic and Proteomic Analysis of Panus lecomtei during Biodegradation of Gossypol in Cottonseed. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:321. [PMID: 38786676 PMCID: PMC11121953 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cotton is an important plant-based protein. Cottonseed cake, a byproduct of the biodiesel industry, offers potential in animal supplementation, although the presence of the antinutritional sesquiterpenoid gossypol limits utilization. The macrofungus Panus lecomtei offers potential in detoxification of antinutritional factors. Through an enzymatic and proteomic analysis of P. lecomtei strain BRM044603, grown on crushed whole cottonseed contrasting in the presence of free gossypol (FG), this study investigated FG biodegradation over a 15-day cultivation period. Fungal growth reduced FG to levels at 100 μg/g, with a complex adaptive response observed, involving primary metabolism and activation of oxidative enzymes for metabolism of xenobiotics. Increasing activity of secreted laccases correlated with a reduction in FG, with enzyme fractions degrading synthetic gossypol to trace levels. A total of 143 and 49 differentially abundant proteins were observed across the two contrasting growth conditions after 6 and 12 days of cultivation, respectively, revealing a dynamic protein profile during FG degradation, initially related to constitutive metabolism, then later associated with responses to oxidative stress. The findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in gossypol degradation and highlight the potential of P. lecomtei BRM044603 in cotton waste biotreatment, relevant for animal supplementation, sustainable resource utilization, and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente Batista Soares Neto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (C.B.S.N.); (T.G.G.)
| | - Taísa Godoy Gomes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (C.B.S.N.); (T.G.G.)
| | | | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (W.F.); (C.A.O.R.)
| | - Carlos André Ornelas Ricart
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (W.F.); (C.A.O.R.)
| | | | | | - Robert Neil Gerard Miller
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (C.B.S.N.); (T.G.G.)
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Dai H, Liu B, Yang L, Yao Y, Liu M, Xiao W, Li S, Ji R, Sun Y. Investigating the Regulatory Mechanism of the Sesquiterpenol Nerolidol from a Plant on Juvenile Hormone-Related Genes in the Insect Spodoptera exigua. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13330. [PMID: 37686136 PMCID: PMC10488281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Various plant species contain terpene secondary metabolites, which disrupt insect growth and development by affecting the activity of juvenile hormone-degrading enzymes, and the juvenile hormone (JH) titers maintained in insects. Nerolidol, a natural sesquiterpenol belonging to the terpenoid group, exhibits structural similarities to insect JHs. However, the impact of nerolidol on insect growth and development, as well as its underlying molecular mechanism, remains unclear. Here, the effects of nerolidol on Spodoptera exigua were investigated under treatment at various sub-lethal doses (4.0 mg/mL, 1.0 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL). We found that a higher dose (4.0 mg/mL) of nerolidol significantly impaired the normal growth, development, and population reproduction of S. exigua, although a relatively lower dose (0.25 mg/mL) of nerolidol had no significant effect on this growth and development. Combined transcriptome sequencing and gene family analysis further revealed that four juvenile hormone esterase (JHE)-family genes that are involved in juvenile hormone degradation were significantly altered in S. exigua larvae after nerolidol treatment (4.0 mg/mL). Interestingly, the juvenile hormone esterase-like (JHEL) gene Sexi006721, a critical element responsive to nerolidol stress, was closely linked with the significant augmentation of JHE activity and JH titer in S. exigua (R2 = 0.94, p < 0.01). Taken together, we speculate that nerolidol can function as an analog of JH by modulating the expression of the enzyme genes responsible for degrading JH, resulting in JH disorders and ultimately disrupting the development of insect larvae. This study ultimately provides a theoretical basis for the sustainable control of S. exigua in the field whilst proposing a new perspective for the development of novel biological pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Dai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (H.D.); (B.L.)
| | - Baosheng Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (H.D.); (B.L.)
| | - Lei Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (H.D.); (B.L.)
| | - Yu Yao
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Mengyun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Wenqing Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (H.D.); (B.L.)
| | - Rui Ji
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (H.D.); (B.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (H.D.); (B.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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Zhang Z, Wang D, Shan Y, Chen J, Hu H, Song X, Ma X, Ren X, Ma Y. Knockdown of CYP9A9 increases the susceptibility to lufenuron, methoxyfenozide and a mixture of both in Spodoptera exigua. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:263-276. [PMID: 36582185 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lufenuron (LUF) and Methoxyfenozide (MET) as Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) contribute to the current control of the catastrophic crop pest, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Yet S. exigua has evolved resistance to LUF and MET, which is possibly mediated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), particularly from the CYP3 clade family, as it plays a key role in the detoxification of insecticides. However, a mixture of LUF and MET (MML) (optimal ratio: 6:4) remains highly insecticidal. Here, we analysed the response of S. exigua to sublethal concentrations of LUF, MET, and MML via transcriptomics. Twelve differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding CYP3 clade members were observed in transcriptomes and CYP9A9 was significantly upregulated after treatment with LUF, MET, and MML. Further, CYP9A9 was most highly expressed in the midgut of L4 S. exigua larvae. RNAi-mediated knockdown of CYP9A9 reduced the activity of CYP450 and increased the susceptibility of S. exigua larvae to LUF, MET, and MML. Thus, CYP9A9 plays a key role in the detoxification of LUF, MET, and MML in S. exigua. These findings provide new insights into insecticidal actions of IGRs, which can be applied to the establishment of novel pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yongpan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Jixiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Hongyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xianpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Xiangliang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Yan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
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He L, Shi Y, Ding W, Huang H, He H, Xue J, Gao Q, Zhang Z, Li Y, Qiu L. Cytochrome P450s genes CYP321A9 and CYP9A58 contribute to host plant adaptation in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1783-1790. [PMID: 36627818 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most destructive agricultural pests, which can complete their entire life cycle on various plants. At present, some detoxification genes have been proved to be involved in the adaptability to plants in insects. However, the genetics behind insect pest responses to host switches, and their ability to adapt to new host plants, remain poorly understood. This study was conducted to evaluate the adaptation of S. frugiperda to host plant and determine the roles of CYP321A9 and CYP9A58 in the detoxification metabolism of the fall armyworm. RESULTS The results revealed that feeding on maize was more suitable for S. frugiperda to develop compared with rice. In addition, knocking down of SfCYP321A9 and SfCYP9A58 resulted in a prolonged developmental time of S. frugiperda larvae that fed on rice. Meanwhile, RNAi knockdown of SfCYP321A9 resulted in significantly higher mortality of S. frugiperda larvae when exposed to the rice allelochemicals, ferulic acid, gramine and tricin. Furthermore, overexpression of SfCYP321A9 significantly reduced mortality in Drosophila melanogaster when exposed to gramine and tricin. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CYP321A9 and CYP9A58 genes play a key role in host plant adaptation in S. frugiperda, which contribute to a greater understanding of the molecular basis of host plant adaptation and provide the means to develop effective management tools for S. frugiperda resistance. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbing Ding
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Biopesticide and Formulation Processing, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Hunan Institute of Plant Protection, Changsha, China
| | - Hualiang He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Xue
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiao Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youzhi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Spodoptera exigua Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Increases the Susceptibility to Insecticides: A Promising Efficient Way for Pest Resistance Management. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020260. [PMID: 36829536 PMCID: PMC9953395 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera exigua is a polyphagous pest of diverse crops and causes considerable economic losses. The overuse of chemical insecticides for controlling this pest results in insecticide resistance, environmental pollution and toxicity to other non-target organisms. Therefore, a sustainable and efficient way for pest management is urgently required. In this study, laboratory bioassays of eleven commonly used insecticides, the specific entomopathogen of S. exigua (Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, SeMNPV), and SeMNPV-insecticide combinations against the S. exigua laboratory population and two field populations were tested. Our results indicated that the two field populations had developed resistance to almost half of the tested insecticides, while SeMNPV had good virulence in all populations. Interestingly, the combined use of SeMNPV enhanced the toxicity of the tested insecticides against all populations to a different extent and considerably reduced the insecticide resistance of S. exigua field populations or even recovered the susceptibility to above insecticides. Furthermore, the field trial showed that the combined application of SeMNPV contributed to promoting the control efficacy of emamectin benzonate and chlorfenapyr. These results provide a promising efficient way for pest resistance management and an environmentally friendly approach for controlling S. exigua with the combined application of nucleopolyhedroviruses and insecticides.
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CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing for Insect Pest Stress Management in Crop Plants. STRESSES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses2040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Global crop yield and food security are being threatened by phytophagous insects. Innovative methods are required to increase agricultural output while reducing reliance on hazardous synthetic insecticides. Using the revolutionary CRISPR-Cas technology to develop insect-resistant plants appears to be highly efficient at lowering production costs and increasing farm profitability. The genomes of both a model insect, Drosophila melanogaster, and major phytophagous insect genera, viz. Spodoptera, Helicoverpa, Nilaparvata, Locusta, Tribolium, Agrotis, etc., were successfully edited by the CRISPR-Cas toolkits. This new method, however, has the ability to alter an insect’s DNA in order to either induce a gene drive or overcome an insect’s tolerance to certain insecticides. The rapid progress in the methodologies of CRISPR technology and their diverse applications show a high promise in the development of insect-resistant plant varieties or other strategies for the sustainable management of insect pests to ensure food security. This paper reviewed and critically discussed the use of CRISPR-Cas genome-editing technology in long-term insect pest management. The emphasis of this review was on the prospective uses of the CRISPR-Cas system for insect stress management in crop production through the creation of genome-edited crop plants or insects. The potential and the difficulties of using CRISPR-Cas technology to reduce pest stress in crop plants were critically examined and discussed.
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Zhao P, Xue H, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhang K, Li D, Ji J, Niu L, Gao X, Luo J, Cui J. Knockdown of cytochrome P450 gene CYP6AB12 based on nanomaterial technology reduces the detoxification ability of Spodoptera litura to gossypol. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105284. [PMID: 36464384 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In insects, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s or CYPs) play an important role in the detoxification and metabolism of exogenous plant allelochemicals. In this study, a P450 gene CYP6AB12 was identified and characterized from Spodoptera litura. The cDNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) encoding 511 amino acid residues. CYP6AB12 was expressed at different ages of S. litura, with the highest levels found in the third and fourth instar larvae. Its highest expression was found in the midgut and fat body of fourth instar larvae fed with gossypol. Moreover, these expression levels were substantially increased compared with those from larvae fed with control diet. Gene silencing was then conducted by smearing dsRNA mixed with nanomaterials onto the cuticle. CYP6AB12 expression was significantly decreased in the midgut and fat body, and the net weight increase was substantially lower than that of the control group, indicating that the treatment group had more sensitivity to gossypol than the control. These results reveal that CYP6AB12 plays an important role in the detoxification and metabolism of gossypol, thus further confirming that P450s have a broad ability to detoxify and metabolize plant allelochemicals. It provides an important molecular basis for the exploration of detoxification metabolism and pest control of S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Xue
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lin Niu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Junyu Luo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China.
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10
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Karmakar S, Das P, Panda D, Xie K, Baig MJ, Molla KA. A detailed landscape of CRISPR-Cas-mediated plant disease and pest management. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111376. [PMID: 35835393 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing technology has rapidly evolved to knock-out genes, create targeted genetic variation, install precise insertion/deletion and single nucleotide changes, and perform large-scale alteration. The flexible and multipurpose editing technologies have started playing a substantial role in the field of plant disease management. CRISPR-Cas has reduced many limitations of earlier technologies and emerged as a versatile toolbox for genome manipulation. This review summarizes the phenomenal progress of the use of the CRISPR toolkit in the field of plant pathology. CRISPR-Cas toolbox aids in the basic studies on host-pathogen interaction, in identifying virulence genes in pathogens, deciphering resistance and susceptibility factors in host plants, and engineering host genome for developing resistance. We extensively reviewed the successful genome editing applications for host plant resistance against a wide range of biotic factors, including viruses, fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, nematodes, insect pests, and parasitic plants. Recent use of CRISPR-Cas gene drive to suppress the population of pathogens and pests has also been discussed. Furthermore, we highlight exciting new uses of the CRISPR-Cas system as diagnostic tools, which rapidly detect pathogenic microorganism. This comprehensive yet concise review discusses innumerable strategies to reduce the burden of crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priya Das
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Debasmita Panda
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Kabin Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mirza J Baig
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India.
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11
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Luo YS, Abdellah YAY, Hafeez M, Yang X, Hou WT, Kong XH, Wang RL. Herbivore-induced tomato plant volatiles lead to the reduction of insecticides susceptibility in Spodoptera litura. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105215. [PMID: 36127062 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) have been associated with plant-plant-herbivorous-natural enemies communication and an enhanced response to the subsequent attack. Spodoptera litura is a serious cosmopolitan pest that has developed a high level of resistance to many insecticides. However, the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanism by which HIPV priming reduces S. litura larval sensitivity to insecticides remains largely unknown. This study was conducted to explore the potential of volatile from undamaged, or artificially damaged, or S. litura-damaged tomato plants on the susceptibility of S. litura to the insecticides beta-cypermethrin indoxacarb and chlorpyrifos. We found that larvae exposed to volatile from S. litura-damaged or artificially damaged tomato plants were significantly less susceptible to the three insecticides than those exposed to volatile from undamaged tomato plants. Elevated activities of detoxifying enzymes [cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and esterases (ESTs)], were expressed in S. litura larvae exposed to volatile from S. litura-damaged tomato plants than those exposed to volatile from undamaged tomato plants. Similarly, seven detoxification-related genes [GSTs (SlGSTe1, SlGSTo1, and SlGSTe3) and P450s (CYP6B48, CYP9A40, CYP321A7, and CYP321B1)] in the midgut and fat body of larvae were up-regulated under exposure to volatile from S. litura-damaged tomato plants. Increased volatile organic compounds emissions were detected in the headspace of tomato plants damaged by S. litura compared to the undamaged plants. Collectively, these findings suggest that HIPVs can considerably reduce caterpillar susceptibility to insecticides, possibly through induction-enhanced detoxification mechanisms, and provide valuable information for implementing an effective integrated pest management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yousif Abdelrahman Yousif Abdellah
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wen-Tao Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xu-Hui Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Rui-Long Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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12
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Hafeez M, Ullah F, Khan MM, Wang Z, Gul H, Li X, Huang J, Siddiqui JA, Qasim M, Wang RL, Imran M, Assiri MA, Rehman M, Fahad S, Lu Y. Comparative low lethal effects of three insecticides on demographical traits and enzyme activity of the Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60198-60211. [PMID: 35414161 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many species of devastating insect pests have acquired a high degree of resistance to insecticides in the field during the last few decades. Spodoptera exigua, for example, is the most damaging pests of economic crops with a worldwide spread. In a present study, the comparative growth, reproduction, and detoxification enzyme activity were evaluated along with exposure to three insecticides at low lethal doses of lufenuron, indoxacarb, and spinosad as compared to the control. Results indicate that the larval developmental time was significantly extended on lufenuron (21.5 ± 29 days) followed by indoxacarb (20.28 ± 0.24 days) and spinosad (19.74 ± 0.23 days) as compared to that on the control (18.13 ± 0.13 days). Similarly, the lowest number of eggs of S. exigua females were recorded on lufenuron (328.75 ± 50.81 eggs) followed by spinosad (367 ± 36.4 eggs) and indoxacarb (411.58 ± 42.38 eggs) as compared to that on the control (560.2 ± 13.47). Interestingly, the lowest intrinsic rate of increase (r) (0.121 ± 0.009) and highest mean generation time (T) (36.2 ± 0.35 days) were observed when larvae were treated to a low lethal concentration (LC20) of lufenuron as compared to that of indoxacarb, spinosad, and control. In addition, considerably lower activity of all detoxification enzymes in larvae was recorded on lufenuron after control as compared to that on indoxacarb and spinosad. Our study serves as a reference and basis for the toxicity and low lethal evaluation of lufenuron, indoxacarb, and spinosad on life table parameters and enzymatic properties in S. exigua, which may contribute to identifying targets for effective control of S. exigua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Musa Khan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhangqian Wang
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hina Gul
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- Red Imported Fire Ant Research Center, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Kohsar University Murree, Punjab, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Rui-Long Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University Wushan, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muzammal Rehman
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- Department of Agronomy, University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Yaobin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Hillary VE, Ceasar SA. Prime editing in plants and mammalian cells: Mechanism, achievements, limitations, and future prospects. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200032. [PMID: 35750651 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) system has revolutionized genetic research in the life sciences. Four classes of CRISPR/Cas-derived genome editing agents, such as nuclease, base editor, recombinase, and prime editor have been introduced for engineering the genomes of diverse organisms. The recently introduced prime editing system offers precise editing without many off-target effects than traditional CRISPR-based systems. Many researchers have successfully applied this gene-editing toolbox in diverse systems for various genome-editing applications. This review presents the mechanism of prime editing and summarizes the details of the prime editing system applied in plants and mammalian cells for precise genome editing. We also discuss the advantages, limitations, and potential future applications of prime editing in these systems. This review enables the researcher to gain knowledge on prime editing tools and their potential applications in plants and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Edwin Hillary
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - S Antony Ceasar
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India
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14
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Hafeez M, Li X, Ullah F, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Huang J, Fernández-Grandon GM, Khan MM, Siddiqui JA, Chen L, Ren XY, Zhou S, Lou Y, Lu Y. Down-Regulation of P450 Genes Enhances Susceptibility to Indoxacarb and Alters Physiology and Development of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugipreda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Front Physiol 2022; 13:884447. [PMID: 35615670 PMCID: PMC9125154 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.884447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a pest of many important crops globally. Effective control is challenging, with the pest exhibiting resistance to different synthetic pesticides across various groups. However, the mechanisms employed by resistant insects for overexpression of relevant detoxification genes remain unclear. The activity of detoxification enzymes was investigated in this study. Additionally, using RNA interference (RNAi), a functional analysis was completed of two P450s genes in an indoxacarb resistant population of fall armyworms. Elevated resistance levels (resistance ratio = 31.37-fold) in indoxacarb-selected populations of FAW were observed after 14 generations. The qRT-PCR showed higher expression of two cytochrome P450 genes, CYP321A7 and CYP6AE43, in this selected population compared to the control population. RNAi was applied to knock down the P450 dsCYP321A7 and dsCYP6AE43 genes in the FAW larvae. Droplet feeding of the dsRNAs (CYP321A7 and CYP6AE43) via an artificial diet significantly increased mortality rates in the indoxacarb treated population. A shorter larval developmental time of FAW was detected in all dsRNAs-fed larvae. Correspondingly, larval mass was reduced by dsRNAs in indoxacarb resistant populations of fall armyworm. Larval feeding assays demonstrate that dsRNAs targeting, specifically of CYP321A7 and CYP6AE43 enzymes, could be a beneficial technique in the management of indoxacarb resistant populations. Further study on the potential use of dsRNA and its application should be conducted in efforts to counter the development of resistance in FAW against various insecticides in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Muhammad Musa Khan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- Red Imported Fire Ant Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Integrated Plant Protection Center, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Xiao Yun Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yonggen Lou, ; Yaobin Lu,
| | - Yaobin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yonggen Lou, ; Yaobin Lu,
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15
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Gao S, Liu K, Liu H, Yin S, Guo X, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Li R. Functional analysis of a cytochrome P450 gene CYP9Z6 responding to terpinen-4-ol in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 183:105065. [PMID: 35430067 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tribolium castaneum is an agricultural and stored pest found throughout the world. The cytochrome P450 genes of T. castaneum can encode various detoxification enzymes and catabolize heterologous substances, conferring tolerance to insecticides. Herein, we describe the identification of a P450 gene (CYP9Z6) from T. castaneum and investigated its expression profile and potential role in the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol. TcCYP9Z6 expression was significantly induced after exposure to terpinen-4-ol, and RNA-mediated silencing of TcCYP9Z6 increased terpinen-4-ol-induced larval mortality from 47.75% to 63.92%, showing that TcCYP9Z6 is closely related to the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol. The developmental expression profile revealed that TcCYP9Z6 was mainly expressed in late adults and late larvae. Tissue expression profiling revealed that the highest TcCYP9Z6 expression occurred in the head, in both the adult and the larval tissues, followed by the gut in larvae and the antennae in adults. These developmental stages and tissues with high TcCYP9Z6 expression are closely related to the detoxification of heterologous substances. These results indicated that TcCYP9Z6 may play a pivotal role in the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol, which provides support for using TcCYP9Z6 a potential gene for the RNAi-mediated prevention and control of T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Se Yin
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Xinlong Guo
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China.
| | - Ruimin Li
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China.
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16
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Katsavou E, Riga M, Ioannidis P, King R, Zimmer CT, Vontas J. Functionally characterized arthropod pest and pollinator cytochrome P450s associated with xenobiotic metabolism. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 181:105005. [PMID: 35082029 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 family (P450s) of arthropods includes diverse enzymes involved in endogenous essential physiological functions and in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics, insecticides and plant allelochemicals. P450s can also establish insecticide selectivity in bees and pollinators. Several arthropod P450s, distributed in different phylogenetic groups, have been associated with xenobiotic metabolism, and some of them have been functionally characterized, using different in vitro and in vivo systems. The purpose of this review is to summarize scientific publications on arthropod P450s from major insect and mite agricultural pests, pollinators and Papilio sp, which have been functionally characterized and shown to metabolize xenobiotics and/or their role (direct or indirect) in pesticide toxicity or resistance has been functionally validated. The phylogenetic relationships among these P450s, the functional systems employed for their characterization and their xenobiotic catalytic properties are presented, in a systematic approach, including critical aspects and limitations. The potential of the primary P450-based metabolic pathway of target and non-target organisms for the development of highly selective insecticides and resistance-breaking formulations may help to improve the efficiency and sustainability of pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Katsavou
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Riga
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Rob King
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Christoph T Zimmer
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Werk Stein, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein CH4332, Switzerland
| | - John Vontas
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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17
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Hafeez M, Li X, Chen L, Ullah F, Huang J, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Siddiqui JA, Zhou SX, Ren XY, Imran M, Assiri MA, Lou Y, Lu Y. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification CYP302A1 gene involved in host plant adaptation in Spodoptera frugieprda. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1079442. [PMID: 36762173 PMCID: PMC9906809 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1079442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is a destructive and polyphagous pest of many essential food crops including maize and rice. The FAW is hard to manage, control, or eradicate, due to its polyphagous nature and voracity of feeding. Here, we report the characterization and functional analysis of the detoxification gene CYP302A1 and how S. frugieprda larvae use a detoxification mechanism to adapt host plants. Results demonstrated that CYP302A1 expression levels were much higher in midgut tissue and the older S. frugiperda larvae. Our current studies revealed the enhanced P450 activity in the midguts of S. frugiperda larvae after exposure to rice plants as compared to corn plants and an artificial diet. Furthermore, higher mortality was observed in PBO treated larvae followed by the exposure of rice plants as compared to the corn plant. The dsRNA-fed larvae showed downregulation of CYP302A1 gene in the midgut. At the same time, higher mortality, reduced larval weight and shorter developmental time was observed in the dsRNA-fed larvae followed by the exposure of rice plant as compared to the corn plant and DEPC-water treated plants as a control. These results concluded that the inducible P450 enzyme system and related genes could provide herbivores with an ecological opportunity to adapt to diverse host plants by utilizing secondary compounds present in their host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Limin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Integrated Plant Protection Center, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shu-xing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-yun Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yonggen Lou, ; Yaobin Lu,
| | - Yaobin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yonggen Lou, ; Yaobin Lu,
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Amezian D, Nauen R, Le Goff G. Comparative analysis of the detoxification gene inventory of four major Spodoptera pest species in response to xenobiotics. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 138:103646. [PMID: 34469782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) comprises some of the most polyphagous and destructive agricultural pests worldwide. The success of many species of this genus is due to their striking abilities to adapt to a broad range of host plants. Superfamilies of detoxification genes play a crucial role in the adaption to overcome plant defense mechanisms mediated by numerous secondary metabolites and toxins. Over the past decade, a substantial amount of expression data in Spodoptera larvae was produced for those genes in response to xenobiotics such as plant secondary metabolites, but also insecticide exposure. However, this information is scattered throughout the literature and in most cases does not allow to clearly identify candidate genes involved in host-plant adaptation and insecticide resistance. In the present review, we analyzed and compiled information on close to 600 pairs of inducers (xenobiotics) and induced genes from four main Spodoptera species: S. exigua, S. frugiperda, S. littoralis and S. litura. The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s; encoded by CYP genes) were the most upregulated detoxification genes across the literature for all four species. Most of the data was provided from studies on S. litura, followed by S. exigua, S. frugiperda and S. littoralis. We examined whether these detoxification genes were reported for larval survival under xenobiotic challenge in forward and reverse genetic studies. We further analyzed whether biochemical assays were carried out showing the ability of corresponding enzymes and transporters to breakdown and excrete xenobiotics, respectively. This revealed a clear disparity between species and the lack of genetic and biochemical information in S. frugiperda. Finally, we discussed the biological importance of detoxification genes for this genus and propose a workflow to study the involvement of these enzymes in an ecological and agricultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Amezian
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, F-06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany.
| | - Gaëlle Le Goff
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, F-06903, Sophia Antipolis, France.
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Hou WT, Staehelin C, Elzaki MEA, Hafeez M, Luo YS, Wang RL. Functional analysis of CYP6AE68, a cytochrome P450 gene associated with indoxacarb resistance in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104946. [PMID: 34446184 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a widely distributed, highly polyphagous pest that can cause severe damage to a variety of economically important crops. Various populations have developed resistance to different classes of insecticides. In this study, we report on two indoxacarb-resistant S. litura populations, namely Ind-R (resistance ratio = 18.37-fold) derived from an indoxacarb-susceptible (Ind-S) population and a population caught from a field (resistance ratio = 46.72-fold). A synergist experiment showed that piperonyl butoxide (PBO) combined with indoxacarb produced higher synergistic effects (synergist ratio = 5.29) in the Ind-R population as compared to Ind-S (synergist ratio = 3.08). Elevated enzyme activity of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) was observed for Ind-R (2.15-fold) and the Field-caught population (4.03-fold) as compared to Ind-S, while only minor differences were noticed in the activities of esterases and glutathione S-transferases. Furthermore, expression levels of P450 genes of S. litura were determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR to explore differences among the three populations. The results showed that the mRNA levels of CYP6AE68, a novel P450 gene belonging to the CYP6 family, were constitutively overexpressed in Ind-R (32.79-fold) and in the Field-caught population (68.11-fold). CYP6AE68 expression in S. litura was further analyzed for different developmental stages and in different tissues. Finally, we report that RNA interference-mediated silencing of CYP6AE68 increased the mortality of fourth-instar larvae exposed to indoxacarb at the LC50 dose level (increase by 33.89%, 29.44% and 22.78% for Ind-S, Ind-R and the Field-caught population, respectively). In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that expression levels of CYP6AE68 in S. litura larvae are associated with indoxacarb resistance and that CYP6AE68 may play a significant role in detoxification of indoxacarb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Christian Staehelin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, East Campus, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | | | - Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yu-Sen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rui-Long Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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20
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Khan MM, Khan AH, Ali MW, Hafeez M, Ali S, Du C, Fan Z, Sattar M, Hua H. Emamectin benzoate induced enzymatic and transcriptional alternation in detoxification mechanism of predatory beetle Paederus fuscipes (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) at the sublethal concentration. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1227-1241. [PMID: 34117552 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the detoxification enzyme activity and the transcriptional profile changes in the second instar through RNA-sequencing technology due to emamectin benzoate (EB) were assessed. The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450) enzyme activity was not altered by EB due to the change in concentration and exposure time in all treatments. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme was not considerably varying in all treatments, while exposure time significantly changed the enzyme activity. Results showed that the esterase (Ests) activity was elevated with the increasing concentrations and exposure time. Two libraries were generated, containing 107,767,542 and 108,142,289 clean reads for the samples treated with LC30 of EB and control. These reads were grouped into 218,070 transcripts and 38,097 unigenes. A total of 2257 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from these unigenes, of which 599 up-regulated and 1658 were down-regulated. The majority of these DEGs related to pesticides resistance were identified in numerous Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, e.g., steroid hormone biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, drug metabolism-other enzymes, chemical carcinogenesis, pathways of cancer, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, drug metabolism of cytochrome P450, linoleic acid metabolism, retinol metabolism, and insect hormone biosynthesis. These pathways also shared the same genes as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), Esterase (Ests), UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs), and ATP-binding cassettes (ABCs). A heatmap analysis also showed that regulation of genes in a pathway causes a series of gene expression regulation in subsequent pathways. Our quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) results were consistent with the DEG's data of transcriptome analysis. The comprehensive transcriptome sequence resource attained through this study evidence that the EB induces significant modification in enzyme activity and transcriptome profile of Paederus fuscipes, which may enable more significant molecular underpinnings behind the insecticide-resistance mechanism for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Musa Khan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key laboratory of crop genetic improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Waqar Ali
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shahbaz Ali
- Fareed Biodiversity and Conservation Centre, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Cailian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zeyun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Muzammil Sattar
- Plant Protection Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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21
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Resistance in the Genus Spodoptera: Key Insect Detoxification Genes. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060544. [PMID: 34208014 PMCID: PMC8230579 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) includes species that are among the most important crop pests in the world. These polyphagous species are able to feed on many plants, including corn, rice and cotton. In addition to their ability to adapt to toxic compounds produced by plants, they have developed resistance to the chemical insecticides used for their control. One of the main mechanisms developed by insects to become resistant involves detoxification enzymes. In this review, we illustrate some examples of the role of major families of detoxification enzymes such as cytochromes P450, carboxyl/cholinesterases, glutathione S-transferases (GST) and transporters such as ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in insecticide resistance. We compare available data for four species, Spodoptera exigua, S. frugiperda, S. littoralis and S. litura. Molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of these genes in resistance will be described, including the duplication of the CYP9A cluster, over-expression of GST epsilon or point mutations in acetylcholinesterase and ABCC2. This review is not intended to be exhaustive but to highlight the key roles of certain genes.
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Hafeez M, Li XW, Zhang JM, Zhang ZJ, Huang J, Wang LK, Khan MM, Shah S, Fernández-Grandon GM, Lu YB. Role of digestive protease enzymes and related genes in host plant adaptation of a polyphagous pest, Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:611-626. [PMID: 33629522 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary success of phytophagous insects depends on their ability to efficiently exploit plants as a source of energy for survival. Herbivorous insects largely depend on the efficiency, flexibility, and diversity of their digestive physiology and sophistication of their detoxification system to use chemically diverse host plants as food sources. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a polyphagous pest of many commercially important crops. To elucidate the ability of this insect pest to adapt to host plant mechanisms, we evaluated the impact of primary (corn) and alternate (rice) host plants after 11 generations on gut digestive enzymatic activity and expression profiles of related genes. Results indicated that the total protease and class-specific trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like protease activity of S. frugiperda significantly differed among host plant treatments. The class-specific protease profiles greatly differed in S. frugiperda midguts upon larval exposure to different treatments with inhibitors compared with treatments without inhibitors. Similarly, the single and cumulative effects of the enzyme-specific inhibitors TLCK, TPCK, and E-64 significantly increased larval mortality and reduced larval growth/mass across different plant treatments. Furthermore, the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results revealed increased transcription of two trypsin (SfTry-3, SfTry-7) and one chymotrypsin gene (Sfchym-9), which indicated that they have roles in host plant adaptation. Knockdown of these genes resulted in significantly reduced mRNA expression levels of the trypsin genes. This was related to the increased mortality observed in treatments compared with the dsRED control. This result indicates possible roles of S. frugiperda gut digestive enzymes and related genes in host plant adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jin-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Li-Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Muhammad Musa Khan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Sakhawat Shah
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | | | - Yao-Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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23
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Hafeez M, Li X, Zhang Z, Huang J, Wang L, Zhang J, Shah S, Khan MM, Xu F, Fernández-Grandon GM, Zalucki MP, Lu Y. De Novo Transcriptomic Analyses Revealed Some Detoxification Genes and Related Pathways Responsive to Noposion Yihaogong ® 5% EC (Lambda-Cyhalothrin 5%) Exposure in Spodoptera frugiperda Third-Instar Larvae. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020132. [PMID: 33546242 PMCID: PMC7913311 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Insect pest resistance to synthetic insecticides is a major problem that limits efficient management and thus decreases productivity for farmers and increases the use of harmful materials that pollute the environment and endanger humans and beneficial organisms. A major approach for resistance management is understanding how insect pest field populations develop resistance at molecular levels. To provide a comprehensive insight into the resistance mechanisms of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae to lambda-cyhalothrin 5%, we investigated the molecular basis of resistance mechanism in field collected population of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) to lambda-cyhalothrin 5% insecticide, a pyrethroid insecticide by using de novo transcriptomics analysis. We found that resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin 5% can be metabolic by increasing the levels of detoxifying enzymes such as P450, GST and UGT and related genes to insecticide resistance in the field population. The obtained transcriptome information provides large gene resources available for further studying the resistance development of Spodoptera frugiperda to pesticides. The DGE data provide comprehensive insights into the gene expression profiles of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) to lambda-cyhalothrin 5% and will facilitate the study of the role of each gene in lambda-cyhalothrin resistance development. Abstract The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous, invasive insect pest which causes significant losses in important crops wherever it has spread. The use of pesticides in agriculture is a key tool in the management of many important crop pests, including S. frugiperda, but continued use of insecticides has selected for various types of resistance, including enzyme systems that provide enhanced mechanisms of detoxification. In the present study, we analyzed the de novo transcriptome of S. frugiperda larvae exposed to Noposion Yihaogong® 5% emulsifiable concentrate (EC) insecticide focusing on detoxification genes and related pathways. Results showed that a total of 1819 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in larvae after being treated with Noposion Yihaogong® 5% EC insecticide, of which 863 were up- and 956 down-regulated. Majority of these differentially expressed genes were identified in numerous Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including metabolism of xenobiotics and drug metabolism. Furthermore, many of S. frugiperda genes involved in detoxification pathways influenced by lambda-cyhalothrin stress support their predicted role by further co-expression network analysis. Our RT-qPCR results were consistent with the DEG’s data of transcriptome analysis. The comprehensive transcriptome sequence resource attained through this study enriches the genomic platform of S. frugiperda, and the identified DEGs may enable greater molecular underpinnings behind the insecticide-resistance mechanism caused by lambda-cyhalothrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (J.H.); (L.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (J.H.); (L.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (J.H.); (L.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (J.H.); (L.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Likun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (J.H.); (L.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (J.H.); (L.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Sakhawat Shah
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Muhammad Musa Khan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Fei Xu
- Central Laboratory of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | | | - Myron P. Zalucki
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Yaobin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (M.H.); (X.L.); (Z.Z.); (J.H.); (L.W.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhang YC, Gao SS, Xue S, An SH, Zhang KP. Disruption of the cytochrome P450 CYP6BQ7 gene reduces tolerance to plant toxicants in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 172:263-269. [PMID: 33453254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In insects, the cytochrome P450 CYP6B family plays key roles in the detoxification of toxic plant substances. However, the function of CYP6 family genes in degrading plant toxicants in Tribolium castaneum, an extremely destructive global storage pest, have yet to be elucidated. In this study, a T. castaneum CYP gene, TcCYP6BQ7, was characterized. TcCYP6BQ7 expression was significantly induced after exposure to essential oil of the plant Artemisia vulgaris (EOAV). Spatiotemporal expression profiling revealed that TcCYP6BQ7 expression was higher in larval and adult stages of T. castaneum than in other developmental stages, and that TcCYP6BQ7 was predominantly expressed in the brain and hemolymph from the late larval stage. TcCYP6BQ7 silencing by RNA interference increased larvae mortality in response to EOAV from 49.67% to 71.67%, suggesting that this gene is associated with plant toxicant detoxification. Combined results from this study indicate that the CYP6 family gene TcCYP6BQ7 likely plays a pivotal role in influencing the susceptibility of T. castaneum to plant toxicants. These findings may have implications for the development of novel therapeutics to control this agriculturally important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chen Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Huanghe Road 73, Wenfeng District, 455000 Anyang, Henan province, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Jinshui District, 450002 Zhengzhou, Henan province, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Gao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Huanghe Road 73, Wenfeng District, 455000 Anyang, Henan province, PR China.
| | - Shuang Xue
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Huanghe Road 73, Wenfeng District, 455000 Anyang, Henan province, PR China
| | - Shi-Heng An
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Jinshui District, 450002 Zhengzhou, Henan province, PR China
| | - Kun-Peng Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Huanghe Road 73, Wenfeng District, 455000 Anyang, Henan province, PR China
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25
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Wu Z, Pu X, Shu B, Bin S, Lin J. Transcriptome analysis of putative detoxification genes in the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3857-3870. [PMID: 32483911 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a notorious pest that transmits the causal agent of huanglongbing (also called citrus greening disease). Resistance to insecticide in this destructive pest poses a serious threat to the citrus industry. To date, no systemic studies on genes coding for detoxification enzymes has been carried out on D. citri. RESULTS Multiple transcriptomes were generated through deep sequencing of RNA libraries. Candidate genes potentially involved in detoxification including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and esterases (ESTs) were systematically identified by searching the transcriptomes and a draft genome assembly. A total of 49, 14 and 20 genes were found encoding CYPs, GSTs, and ESTs, respectively, in D. citri. The total numbers of candidate detoxification genes were much smaller than the counterparts reported in other insect species, which may reflect the strict oligophagy of this insect species. Developmental stage- and tissue-specific expression patterns of the identified genes as well as their responses to insecticide treatments identified a small set of genes that could participate in detoxifying plant secondary metabolites and insecticides. CONCLUSION Our studies represent the most comprehensive investigation to date on identification, characterization and expression profiling of detoxification genes in D. citri. The information revealed in this study shall be useful in designing strategies to manage this important insect pest. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhen Wu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Pu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benshui Shu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Bin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintian Lin
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Tree Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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Lawrie RD, Mitchell III RD, Deguenon JM, Ponnusamy L, Reisig D, Pozo-Valdivia AD, Kurtz RW, Roe RM. Multiple Known Mechanisms and a Possible Role of an Enhanced Immune System in Bt-Resistance in a Field Population of the Bollworm, Helicoverpa zea: Differences in Gene Expression with RNAseq. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6528. [PMID: 32906662 PMCID: PMC7555151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several different agricultural insect pests have developed field resistance to Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) proteins (ex. Cry1Ac, Cry1F, etc.) expressed in crops, including corn and cotton. In the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea, resistance levels are increasing; recent reports in 2019 show up to 1000-fold levels of resistance to Cry1Ac, a major insecticidal protein in Bt-crops. A common method to analyze global differences in gene expression is RNA-seq. This technique was used to measure differences in global gene expression between a Bt-susceptible and Bt-resistant strain of the bollworm, where the differences in susceptibility to Cry1Ac insecticidal proteins were 100-fold. We found expected gene expression differences based on our current understanding of the Bt mode of action, including increased expression of proteases (trypsins and serine proteases) and reduced expression of Bt-interacting receptors (aminopeptidases and cadherins) in resistant bollworms. We also found additional expression differences for transcripts that were not previously investigated, i.e., transcripts from three immune pathways-Jak/STAT, Toll, and IMD. Immune pathway receptors (ex. PGRPs) and the IMD pathway demonstrated the highest differences in expression. Our analysis suggested that multiple mechanisms are involved in the development of Bt-resistance, including potentially unrecognized pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger D. Lawrie
- Department of Biology/Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Program, 850 Main Campus Dr, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Campus Box 7647, 3230 Ligon Street, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (J.M.D.); (L.P.)
| | - Robert D. Mitchell III
- Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Research Laboratory Genomics Center, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA;
| | - Jean Marcel Deguenon
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Campus Box 7647, 3230 Ligon Street, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (J.M.D.); (L.P.)
| | - Loganathan Ponnusamy
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Campus Box 7647, 3230 Ligon Street, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (J.M.D.); (L.P.)
| | - Dominic Reisig
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Vernon G. James Research & Extension Center, 207 Research Station Road, Plymouth, NC 27962, USA; (D.R.); (A.D.P.-V.)
| | - Alejandro Del Pozo-Valdivia
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Vernon G. James Research & Extension Center, 207 Research Station Road, Plymouth, NC 27962, USA; (D.R.); (A.D.P.-V.)
| | - Ryan W. Kurtz
- Cotton Incorporated, 6399 Weston Parkway, Cary, NC 27513, USA;
| | - R. Michael Roe
- Department of Biology/Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Program, 850 Main Campus Dr, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Campus Box 7647, 3230 Ligon Street, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (J.M.D.); (L.P.)
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Tyagi S, Kesiraju K, Saakre M, Rathinam M, Raman V, Pattanayak D, Sreevathsa R. Genome Editing for Resistance to Insect Pests: An Emerging Tool for Crop Improvement. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20674-20683. [PMID: 32875201 PMCID: PMC7450494 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants are challenged incessantly by several biotic and abiotic stresses during their entire growth period. As with other biotic stress factors, insect pests have also posed serious concerns related to yield losses due to which agricultural productivity is at stake. In plants, trait modification for crop improvement was initiated with breeding approaches followed by genetic engineering. However, stringent regulatory policies for risk assessment and lack of social acceptance for genetically modified crops worldwide have incited researchers toward alternate strategies. Genome engineering or genome editing has emerged as a new breeding technique with the ability to edit the genomes of plants, animals, microbes, and human beings. Several gene editing strategies are being executed with continuous emergence of variants. The scientific community has unraveled the utility of various editing tools from endonucleases to CRISPR/Cas in several aspects related to plant growth, development, and mitigation of stresses. The categorical focus on the development of tools and techniques including designing of binary vectors to facilitate ease in genome engineering are being pursued. Through this Review, we embark upon the conglomeration of various genome editing strategies that can be and are being used to design insect pest resistance in plants. Case studies and novel crop-based approaches that reiterate the successful use of these tools in insects as well as in plants are highlighted. Further, the Review also provides implications for the requirement of a specific regulatory framework and risk assessment of the edited crops. Genome editing toward insect pest management is here to stay, provided uncompromising efforts are made toward the identification of amiable target genes.
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Rebuzzini P, Civello C, Nantia Akono E, Fassina L, Zuccotti M, Garagna S. Chronic cypermethrin exposure alters mouse embryonic stem cell growth kinetics, induces Phase II detoxification response and affects pluripotency and differentiation gene expression. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 32214279 PMCID: PMC7036707 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide uncontrolled use of synthetic pyrethroids contaminates water and soil leading to health hazards. Cypermethrin (CYP), the most used pyrethroid, induces detrimental effects on adults and embryos at different stages of development of several vertebrate species. In Mammals, CYP-induced alterations have been previously described in adult somatic cells and in post-implantation embryos. It remains unknown whether CYP has effects during pre-implantation development. Studies to access pre-implantation embryo toxicity are complicated by the restricted number of blastocysts that may be obtained, either in vivo or in vitro. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are an in vitro model study that overcomes these limitations, as millions of pluripotent cells are available to the analysis. Also, ESCs maintain the same pluripotency characteristics and differentiation capacity of the inner cell mass (ICM) present in the blastocyst, from which they derive. In this work, using mouse R1 ESCs, we studied CYP-induced cell death, ROS production, the activation of oxidative stress-related and detoxification responses and the population growth kinetics following 72 h exposure at the 0.3 mM LD50 dose. Also, the expression levels of pluripotency genes in exposed ESCs and of markers of the three germ layers after their differentiation into embryoid bodies (EBs) were determined. Two apoptotic waves were observed at 12-24 h and at 72 h. The increase of ROS production, at 24 h until the end of the culture period, was accompanied by the induction, at 48 h, of redox-related Cat, Sod1, Sod2, Gpx1 and Gpx4 genes. Up-regulation of Cyp1b1, but not of Cyp1a1, phase I gene was detected at 72 h and induction of Nqo1, Gsta1 and Ugt1a6 phase II genes began at 24 h exposure. The results show that exposed R1 ESCs activate oxidative stress-related and detoxification responses, although not sufficient, during the culture period tested, to warrant recovery of the growth rate observed in untreated cells. Also, CYP exposure altered the expression of Oct-4 and Nanog pluripotency genes in ESCs and, when differentiated into EBs, the expression of Fgf5, Brachyury and Foxa2, early markers of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm germ layers, respectively. NIH/3T3 cells, a differentiated cell line of embryonic origin, were used for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rebuzzini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia.
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Hafeez M, Qasim M, Ali S, Yousaf HK, Waqas M, Ali E, Ahmad MA, Jan S, Bashir MA, Noman A, Wang M, Gharmh HA, Khan KA. Expression and functional analysis of P450 gene induced tolerance/resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in quercetin fed larvae of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:77-87. [PMID: 31889821 PMCID: PMC6933212 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) is an agronomical important and most devastating polyphagous pest that damages a variety of crops around the globe including China. Quercetin is one of the abundant dietary flavonoids and the important defense allelochemicals in plants. Therefore, the changes in insect detoxification enzymes activities in response to plants allelochemicals may result increased the sensitivity to insecticides. In this study, we examined the induced effect of quercetin on larval tolerance to lambda-cyhalothrin in S. exigua. Application of cytochrome P450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO) significantly synergized the lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity in quercetin-fed S. exigua larvae. Moreover, larval weight significantly reduced in quercetin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and quercetin + lambda-cyhalothrin treatment. Furthermore, our results showed that the P450 detoxification enzyme effectively increased in all treatments as compared to the control. Quantitative Real-time PCR analysis revealed that expression level of CYP6AE10 significantly upregulated in larvae treated with quercetin, lambda-cyhalothrin and quercetin + lambda-cyhalothrin in the midgut and fat body respectively. In addition, RNAi mediated knockdown of CYP6AE10 in S. exigua larvae significantly decreased the transcription level of target cytochrome P450 gene followed by the exposure with quercetin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and quercetin + lambda-cyhalothrin. Similarly, the knockdown of CYP6AE10 by the injection of dsRNA led to increased mortality after the treatment with respective chemicals. Overall, these data showed that P450s might possibly play an important role in the metabolic adaptation of S. exigua larvae to its host plant defense allelochemicals as well as insecticides. In conclusion, S. exigua can take benefit from its host plant's secondary metabolites to elaborate its defense against synthetic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hafeez
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24630, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Kamran Yousaf
- College of Plant Protection Department of Entomology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Ehsan Ali
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Afaq Ahmad
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, China
| | - Saad Jan
- Department of Agriculture Entomology Section, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24630, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Bashir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mo Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Hamed A. Gharmh
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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Hafeez M, Liu S, Yousaf HK, Jan S, Wang RL, Fernández-Grandon GM, Li X, Gulzar A, Ali B, Rehman M, Ali S, Fahad M, Lu Y, Wang M. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of a cytochrome P450 gene enhanced the toxicity of α-cypermethrin in xanthotoxin-fed larvae of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 162:6-14. [PMID: 31836055 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) is a highly polyphagous agricultural pest that is distributed worldwide. However, the adaptive mechanisms of S. exigua for various insecticides and defensive substances in host plants are unknown. Insect P450 monooxygenases play an important role in the detoxification of plant toxins and insecticides, leading to insecticides resistance. We investigated the induced effects of xanthotoxin exposure on detoxification enzyme activity and larval tolerance to α-cypermethrin in S. exigua. Our results showed that the lethal concentration (LC50) of α-cypermethrin for xanthotoxin-exposed larvae was 2.1-fold higher than in the control. Moreover, cytochrome P450 enzyme activity was significantly elevated by upregulation of P450 genes in treated larvae. RT-qPCR results showed that CYP9A10 expression level was significantly increased in all treatments, while maximal expression level was observed in xanthotoxin+α-cypermethrin-fed larvae. RNAi-mediated silencing of CYP9A10 further increased mortality by 18%, 26% and 35% at 48 h and by 27%, 43% and 55% at 72 h when larvae were exposed to diets containing chemicals as compared to the control. The results show that CYP9A10 might play an important role in xanthotoxin and α-cypermethrin detoxification in S. exigua. RNAi-mediated silencing could provide an effective synergistic agent for pest control or insecticide resistance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hafeez
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Sisi Liu
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
| | - Hafiz Kamran Yousaf
- College of Plant Protection Department of Entomology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Saad Jan
- Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Department of Agriculture Entomology Section, Pakistan
| | - Rui-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | | | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Asim Gulzar
- Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Bahar Ali
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Muzammal Rehman
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Bacha Khan University Charsadda, 24420 Department of Agriculture Entomology Section, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fahad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab 60000, Pakistan
| | - Yaobin Lu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
| | - Mo Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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Ullah F, Gul H, Wang X, Ding Q, Said F, Gao X, Desneux N, Song D. RNAi-Mediated Knockdown of Chitin Synthase 1 ( CHS1) Gene Causes Mortality and Decreased Longevity and Fecundity in Aphis gossypii. INSECTS 2019; 11:insects11010022. [PMID: 31888020 PMCID: PMC7023125 DOI: 10.3390/insects11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is a vital part of the insect exoskeleton and peritrophic membrane, synthesized by chitin synthase (CHS) enzymes. Chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) is a crucial enzyme in the final step of chitin biosynthetic pathway and consequently plays essential role towards insect growth and molting. RNA interference (RNAi) is an agent that could be used as an extremely target-specific and ecologically innocuous tactic to control different insect pests associated with economically important crops. The sole purpose of the current study is to use CHS1 as the key target gene against the cotton-melon aphid, Aphis gossypii, via oral feeding on artificial diets mixed with dsRNA-CHS1. Results revealed that the expression level of CHS1 gene significantly decreased after the oral delivery of dsRNA-CHS1. The knockdown of CHS1 gene caused up to 43%, 47%, and 59% mortality in third-instar nymph after feeding of dsCHS1 for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, as compared to the control. Consistent with this, significantly lower longevity (approximately 38%) and fecundity (approximately 48%) were also found in adult stage of cotton-melon aphids that were fed with dsCHS1 for 72 h at nymphal stage. The qRT-PCR analysis of gene expression demonstrated that the increased mortality rates and lowered longevity and fecundity of A. gossypii were attributed to the downregulation of CHS1 gene via oral-delivery-mediated RNAi. The results of current study confirm that CHS1 could be an appropriate candidate target gene for the RNAi-based control of cotton-melon aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farman Ullah
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.U.); (H.G.); (X.W.); (Q.D.); (X.G.)
| | - Hina Gul
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.U.); (H.G.); (X.W.); (Q.D.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiu Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.U.); (H.G.); (X.W.); (Q.D.); (X.G.)
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.U.); (H.G.); (X.W.); (Q.D.); (X.G.)
| | - Fazal Said
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.U.); (H.G.); (X.W.); (Q.D.); (X.G.)
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRA, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France;
| | - Dunlun Song
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.U.); (H.G.); (X.W.); (Q.D.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence:
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