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Kundu M, Das S, Dey A, Mandal M. Dual perspective on autophagy in glioma: Detangling the dichotomous mechanisms of signaling pathways for therapeutic insights. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024:189168. [PMID: 39121913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a normal physiological process that aids the recycling of cellular nutrients, assisting the cells to cope with stressed conditions. However, autophagy's effect on cancer, including glioma, is uncertain and involves complicated molecular mechanisms. Several contradictory reports indicate that autophagy may promote or suppress glioma growth and progression. Autophagy inhibitors potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy or radiation therapy in glioma. Numerous compounds stimulate autophagy to cause glioma cell death. Autophagy is also involved in the therapeutic resistance of glioma. This review article aims to detangle the complicated molecular mechanism of autophagy to provide a better perception of the two-sided role of autophagy in glioma and its therapeutic implications. The protein and epigenetic modulators of the cytoprotective and cytotoxic role of autophagy are described in this article. Moreover, several signaling pathways are associated with autophagy and its effects on glioma. We have reviewed the molecular pathways and highlighted the signaling axis involved in cytoprotective and cytotoxic autophagy. Additionally, this article discusses the role of autophagy in therapeutic resistance, including glioma stem cell maintenance and tumor microenvironment regulation. It also summarizes several investigations on the anti-glioma effects of autophagy modulators to understand the associated mechanisms and provide insights regarding its therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Kundu
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Barasat, India; Center for Multidisciplinary Research & Innovations, Brainware University, Barasat, India.
| | - Subhayan Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India; Department of Allied Health Sciences, Brainware University, Barasat, India
| | - Ankita Dey
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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Mourya D, Dubey K, Jha S, Maurya R, Pandey AK. In Vitro Effects of Zirconia Nanoparticles: Uptake, Genotoxicity, and Mutagenicity in V-79 cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:927-940. [PMID: 37440118 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Zirconia nanoparticles are used in various industrial and biomedical applications such as dental implants, thermal barrier sprays, and fuel cells. The interaction of nanoparticles with the environment and humans is inevitable. Despite the enormous application potential of these nanoparticles, there are still some gaps in the literature regarding potential toxicological mechanisms and the genotoxicity of zirconia nanoparticles. The lung is one of the main exposure routes to nanomaterials; therefore, the present study was designed to determine the genotoxic and mutagenic effect of zirconia NPs in V-79 lung cells. Zirconia nanoparticles showed significant internalization in cells at 100 μg/mL and 150 μg/mL concentrations. Zirconia nanoparticles showed low cytotoxicity and were found to generate ROS in V-79 cells. In alkaline comet assay, zirconia nanoparticles (10 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL) exposed cells exhibited significant DNA strand breaks, while the neutral comet assay, which was used for double-strand break assessment, only revealed significant damage at 100 μg/mL. Chromosomal aberration induced by zirconia nanoparticles mainly resulted in the generation of gaps, few fragments, and breaks which signifies the low clastogenic activity of these nanoparticles in the V-79 cell line. In MN assay, zirconia nanoparticles resulted in no significant micronuclei induction at any given concentration. In the HPRT mutation assay, the particle shows a dose-dependent increase in the mutant frequency. It is evident from the result that zirconia nanoparticles cause dose-dependent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, but still, more studies are needed to evaluate the clastogenic potential and the possible mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Mourya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
- Nanomaterial Toxicology Laboratory, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group (FEST), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Kavita Dubey
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
- Nanomaterial Toxicology Laboratory, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group (FEST), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Shambhavi Jha
- Nanomaterial Toxicology Laboratory, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group (FEST), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Renuka Maurya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
- Nanomaterial Toxicology Laboratory, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group (FEST), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Alok Kumar Pandey
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, VishvigyanBhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
- Nanomaterial Toxicology Laboratory, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group (FEST), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box 80, Lucknow-226001, India.
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Cheng RYS, Ridnour LA, Wink AL, Gonzalez AL, Femino EL, Rittscher H, Somasundaram V, Heinz WF, Coutinho L, Rangel MC, Edmondson EF, Butcher D, Kinders RJ, Li X, Wong STC, McVicar DW, Anderson SK, Pore M, Hewitt SM, Billiar TR, Glynn SA, Chang JC, Lockett SJ, Ambs S, Wink DA. Interferon-gamma is quintessential for NOS2 and COX2 expression in ER - breast tumors that lead to poor outcome. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:319. [PMID: 37169743 PMCID: PMC10175544 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A strong correlation between NOS2 and COX2 tumor expression and poor clinical outcomes in ER breast cancer has been established. However, the mechanisms of tumor induction of these enzymes are unclear. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed correlations between NOS2 and COX2 expression and Th1 cytokines. Herein, single-cell RNAseq analysis of TNBC cells shows potent NOS2 and COX2 induction by IFNγ combined with IL1β or TNFα. Given that IFNγ is secreted by cytolytic lymphocytes, which improve clinical outcomes, this role of IFNγ presents a dichotomy. To explore this conundrum, tumor NOS2, COX2, and CD8+ T cells were spatially analyzed in aggressive ER-, TNBC, and HER2 + breast tumors. High expression and clustering of NOS2-expressing tumor cells occurred at the tumor/stroma interface in the presence of stroma-restricted CD8+ T cells. High expression and clustering of COX2-expressing tumor cells extended into immune desert regions in the tumor core where CD8+ T cell penetration was limited or absent. Moreover, high NOS2-expressing tumor cells were proximal to areas with increased satellitosis, suggestive of cell clusters with a higher metastatic potential. Further in vitro experiments revealed that IFNγ + IL1β/TNFα increased the elongation and migration of treated tumor cells. This spatial analysis of the tumor microenvironment provides important insight into distinct neighborhoods where stroma-restricted CD8+ T cells exist proximal to NOS2-expressing tumor niches that could have increased metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Y S Cheng
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lisa A Ridnour
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Adelaide L Wink
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ana L Gonzalez
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elise L Femino
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Helene Rittscher
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Veena Somasundaram
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - William F Heinz
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Leandro Coutinho
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, ICESP/HC, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo; and Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Cristina Rangel
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, ICESP/HC, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo; and Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elijah F Edmondson
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for NCI, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Donna Butcher
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratories, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for NCI, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Kinders
- Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoxian Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Systems Medicine and Bioengineering Department, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Stephen K Anderson
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Milind Pore
- Imaging Mass Cytometry Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sharon A Glynn
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Mary and Ron Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen J Lockett
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Wink
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
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4
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Cheng RY, Ridnour LA, Wink AL, Gonzalez AL, Femino EL, Rittscher H, Somasundarum V, Heinz WF, Coutinho L, Cristina Rangel M, Edmondson EF, Butcher D, Kinders RJ, Li X, Wong STC, McVicar DW, Anderson SK, Pore M, Hewitt SM, Billiar TR, Glynn S, Chang JC, Lockett SJ, Ambs S, Wink DA. Interferon-gamma is Quintessential for NOS2 and COX2 Expression in ER - Breast Tumors that Lead to Poor Outcome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.06.535916. [PMID: 37066331 PMCID: PMC10104135 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.06.535916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
A strong correlation between NOS2 and COX2 tumor expression and poor clinical outcomes in ER-breast cancer has been established. However, mechanisms of tumor induction of these enzymes are unclear. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed correlations between NOS2 and COX2 expression and Th1 cytokines. Herein, single cell RNAseq analysis of TNBC cells shows potent NOS2 and COX2 induction by IFNγ combined with IL1β or TNFα. Given that IFNγ is secreted by cytolytic lymphocytes, which improve clinical outcomes, this role of IFNγpresents a dichotomy. To explore this conundrum, tumor NOS2, COX2, and CD8 + T cells were spatially analyzed in aggressive ER-, TNBC, and HER2+ breast tumors. High expression and clustering of NOS2-expressing tumor cells occurred at the tumor/stroma interface in the presence of stroma-restricted CD8 + T cells. High expression and clustering of COX2-expressing tumor cells extended into immune desert regions in the tumor core where CD8 + T cell penetration was limited or absent. Moreover, high NOS2-expressing tumor cells were proximal to areas with increased satellitosis suggestive of cell clusters with a higher metastatic potential. Further in vitro experiments revealed that IFNγ+IL1β/TNFα increased elongation and migration of treated tumor cells. This spatial analysis of the tumor microenvironment provides important insight of distinct neighborhoods where stroma-restricted CD8 + T cells exist proximal to NOS2-expressing tumor niches that could have increased metastatic potential.
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Giotta Lucifero A, Luzzi S. Emerging immune-based technologies for high-grade gliomas. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:957-980. [PMID: 35924820 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2110072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The selection of a tailored and successful strategy for high-grade gliomas (HGGs) treatment is still a concern. The abundance of aberrant mutations within the heterogenic genetic landscape of glioblastoma strongly influences cell expansion, proliferation, and therapeutic resistance. Identification of immune evasion pathways opens the way to novel immune-based strategies. This review intends to explore the emerging immunotherapies for HGGs. The immunosuppressive mechanisms related to the tumor microenvironment and future perspectives to overcome glioma immunity barriers are also debated. AREAS COVERED An extensive literature review was performed on the PubMed/Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Only highly relevant articles in English and published in the last 20 years were selected. Data about immunotherapies coming from preclinical and clinical trials were summarized. EXPERT OPINION The overall level of evidence about the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies for HGGs is noteworthy. Monoclonal antibodies have been approved as second-line treatment, while peptide vaccines, viral gene strategies, and adoptive technologies proved to boost a vivid antitumor immunization. Malignant brain tumor-treating fields are ever-changing in the upcoming years. Constant refinements and development of new routes of drug administration will permit to design of novel immune-based treatment algorithms thus improving the overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Immune Landscape in PTEN-Related Glioma Microenvironment: A Bioinformatic Analysis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040501. [PMID: 35448032 PMCID: PMC9029006 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: PTEN gene mutations are frequently found in the genetic landscape of high-grade gliomas since they influence cell proliferation, proangiogenetic pathways, and antitumoral immune response. The present bioinformatics analysis explores the PTEN gene expression profile in HGGs as a prognostic factor for survival, especially focusing on the related immune microenvironment. The effects of PTEN mutation on the susceptibility to conventional chemotherapy were also investigated. Methods: Clinical and genetic data of GBMs and normal tissue samples were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-GBM and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) online databases, respectively. The genetic differential expressions were analyzed in both groups via the one-way ANOVA test. Kaplan−Meier survival curves were applied to estimate the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer platform was chosen to assess the response of PTEN-mutated GBMs to temozolomide (TMZ). p < 0.05 was fixed as statistically significant. On Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis databases, the linkage between immune cell recruitment and PTEN status was assessed through Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results: PTEN was found mutated in 22.2% of the 617 TCGA-GBMs patients, with a higher log2-transcriptome per million reads compared to the GTEx group (255 samples). Survival curves revealed a worse OS and DFS, albeit not significant, for the high-PTEN profile GBMs. Spearman’s analysis of immune cells demonstrated a strong positive correlation between the PTEN status and infiltration of Treg (ρ = 0.179) and M2 macrophages (ρ = 0.303). The half-maximal inhibitor concentration of TMZ was proven to be lower for PTEN-mutated GBMs compared with PTEN wild-types. Conclusions: PTEN gene mutations prevail in GBMs and are strongly related to poor prognosis and least survival. The infiltrating immune lymphocytes Treg and M2 macrophages populate the glioma microenvironment and control the mechanisms of tumor progression, immune escape, and sensitivity to standard chemotherapy. Broader studies are required to confirm these findings and turn them into new therapeutic perspectives.
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Oh KK, Adnan M, Cho DH. Uncovering a Hub Signaling Pathway of Antimicrobial-Antifungal-Anticancer Peptides’ Axis on Short Cationic Peptides via Network Pharmacology Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042055. [PMID: 35216171 PMCID: PMC8875113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short cationic peptides (SCPs) with therapeutic efficacy of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), antifungal peptides (AFPs), and anticancer peptides (ACPs) are known as an enhancement of the host defense system. Here, we investigated the uppermost peptide(s), hub signaling pathway(s), and their associated target(s) through network pharmacology. Firstly, we selected SCPs with positive amino acid residues on N- and C- terminals under 500 Dalton via RStudio. Secondly, the overlapping targets between the bacteria-responsive targets (TTD and OMIM) and AMPs’ targets were visualized by VENNY 2.1. Thirdly, the overlapping targets between AFPs’ targets and fungal-responsive targets were exhibited by VENNY 2.1. Fourthly, the overlapping targets between cancer-related targets (TTD and OMIM) and fungal-responsive targets were displayed by VENNY 2.1. Finally, a molecular docking study (MDS) was carried out to discover the most potent peptides on a hub signaling pathway. A total of 1833 SCPs were identified, and AMPs’, AFPs’, and ACPs’ filtration suggested that 197 peptides (30 targets), 81 peptides (6 targets), and 59 peptides (4 targets) were connected, respectively. The AMPs―AFPs―ACPs’ axis indicated that 27 peptides (2 targets) were associated. Each hub signaling pathway for the enhancement of the host defense system was “Inactivation of Rap1 signaling pathway on AMPs”, “Activation of Notch signaling pathway on AMPs―AFPs’ axis”, and “Inactivation of HIF-1 signaling pathway on AMPs―AFPs―ACPs’ axis”. The most potent peptides were assessed via MDS; finally, HPIK on STAT3 and HVTK on NOS2 and on HIF-1 signaling pathway were the most stable complexes. Furthermore, the two peptides had better affinity scores than standard inhibitors (Stattic, 1400 W). Overall, the most potent SCPs for the human defense system were HPIK on STAT3 and HVTK on NOS2, which might inactivate the HIF-1 signaling pathway.
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Oxygen Sparing Effect of Bacteriotherapy in COVID-19. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082898. [PMID: 34445055 PMCID: PMC8401839 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously reported that severe COVID-19 patients had higher chances of survival and a reduced risk of developing respiratory failure when administered with the probiotic formulation SLAB51. This study aimed to investigate further bacteriotherapy mechanisms and how early they are activated. Methods: We performed an analysis on the blood oxygenation parameters collected in sixty-nine severe COVID-19 patients requiring non-invasive oxygen therapy and presenting a CT lung involvement ≥50%. Twenty-nine patients received low-molecular-weight heparin, azithromycin and Remdesivir. In addition, forty subjects received SLAB51. Blood gas analyses were performed before the beginning of treatments and at 24 h. Results: The patients receiving only standard therapy needed significantly increased oxygen amounts during the 24 h observation period. Furthermore, they presented lower blood levels of pO2, O2Hb and SaO2 than the group also supplemented with oral bacteriotherapy. In vitro data suggest that SLAB51 can reduce nitric oxide synthesis in intestinal cells. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 infected patients may present lesions in the lungs compromising their gas exchange capability. The functionality of the organs essential for these patients’ survival depends mainly on the levels of pO2, O2Hb and SaO2. SLAB51 contains enzymes that could reduce oxygen consumption in the intestine, making it available for the other organs.
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Against the Resilience of High-Grade Gliomas: Gene Therapies (Part II). Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11080976. [PMID: 34439595 PMCID: PMC8393930 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High-grade gliomas (HGGs) still have a high rate of recurrence and lethality. Gene therapies were projected to overcome the therapeutic resilience of HGGs, due to the intrinsic genetic heterogenicity and immune evasion pathways. The present literature review strives to provide an updated overview of the novel gene therapies for HGGs treatment, highlighting evidence from clinical trials, molecular mechanisms, and future perspectives. Methods: An extensive literature review was conducted through PubMed/Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, using the keywords “high-grade glioma,” “glioblastoma,” and “malignant brain tumor”, combined with “gene therapy,” “oncolytic viruses,” “suicide gene therapies,” “tumor suppressor genes,” “immunomodulatory genes,” and “gene target therapies”. Only articles in English and published in the last 15 years were chosen, further screened based on best relevance. Data were analyzed and described according to the PRISMA guidelines. Results: Viruses were the most vehicles employed for their feasibility and transduction efficiency. Apart from liposomes, other viral vehicles remain largely still experimental. Oncolytic viruses and suicide gene therapies proved great results in phase I, II preclinical, and clinical trials. Tumor suppressor, immunomodulatory, and target genes were widely tested, showing encouraging results especially for recurrent HGGs. Conclusions: Oncolytic virotherapy and suicide genes strategies are valuable second-line treatment options for relapsing HGGs. Immunomodulatory approaches, tumor suppressor, and target genes therapies may implement and upgrade standard chemoradiotherapy. Future research aims to improve safety profile and prolonging therapeutic effectiveness. Further clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of gene-based therapies.
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Giotta Lucifero A, Luzzi S. Against the Resilience of High-Grade Gliomas: The Immunotherapeutic Approach (Part I). Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11030386. [PMID: 33803885 PMCID: PMC8003180 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The resilience of high-grade gliomas (HGGs) against conventional chemotherapies is due to their heterogeneous genetic landscape, adaptive phenotypic changes, and immune escape mechanisms. Innovative immunotherapies have been developed to counteract the immunosuppressive capability of gliomas. Nevertheless, further research is needed to assess the efficacy of the immuno-based approach. The aim of this study is to review the newest immunotherapeutic approaches for glioma, focusing on the drug types, mechanisms of action, clinical pieces of evidence, and future challenges. A PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis)-based literature search was performed on PubMed/Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov databases using the keywords “active/adoptive immunotherapy,” “monoclonal antibodies,” “vaccine,” and “engineered T cell.”, combined with “malignant brain tumor”, “high-grade glioma.” Only articles written in English published in the last 10 years were selected, filtered based on best relevance. Active immunotherapies include systemic temozolomide, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines. In several preclinical and clinical trials, adoptive immunotherapies, including T, natural killer, and natural killer T engineered cells, have been shown to be potential treatment options for relapsing gliomas. Systemic temozolomide is considered the backbone for newly diagnosed HGGs. Bevacizumab and rindopepimut are promising second-line treatments. Adoptive immunotherapies have been proven for relapsing tumors, but further evidence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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11
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Giotta Lucifero A, Baldoncini M, Brambilla I, Rutigliano M, Savioli G, Galzio R, Campero A, Lawton MT, Luzzi S. Gene Polymorphisms Increasing the Risk of Intracranial Aneurysms: Interleukin-6 -174G>C and -572G>C (Part II). ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2021; 92:e2021420. [PMID: 35441611 PMCID: PMC9179066 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92is4.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The interleukin-6 (IL-6), a proinflammatory cytokine, supports the adaptive immune response and regulates inflammatory processes. The -174 G>C and -572 G>C promoter polymorphisms of the IL-6 gene take part in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) and influence the clinical presentation of subarachnoid hemorrhage. This meta-analysis purposes to evaluate whether and which IL-6 allelic variations are related to a risk of IAs formation. Methods A PRISMA-based literature search was performed on the PubMed/Medline and Web of Science databases. The keywords used were "interleukin-6," "IL-6," "polymorphism," "interleukin-6 genotype," combined with "intracranial aneurysms" and "subarachnoid hemorrhage." Only human case-control studies, with a study (IAs) and a control group, written in English, and published in the last 15 years were selected. A meta-analysis was performed, estimating odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in fixed- or random-effects models, as applicable. Statistical analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.0 software. Results 9 studies were eligible. No associations were found between -174 G>C polymorphisms and IAs susceptibility. Notable results were reported by the analysis of -572G>C polymorphisms. -572GG/GC/CC genotypes were strongly related to IAs occurrence with a statistical significance of p=0.03, p=0.0009, and p=0.00001, respectively. Conclusion A higher incidence of -572G>C promoter polymorphisms were demonstrated in the IAs group, highlighting the pivotal role of inflammatory genes in the natural history of brain aneurysms. Additional studies are required considering the racial heterogenicity and the need to widen the population sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matias Baldoncini
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ilaria Brambilla
- Pediatric Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Rutigliano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Savioli
- Emergency Medicine and Surgery, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Renato Galzio
- Neurosurgery Unit, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Alvaro Campero
- Servicio de Neurocirugia, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Argentina,Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Padilla, San Miguel de Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Michael T. Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI), United States
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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12
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Giotta Lucífero A, Baldoncini M, Foiadelli T, Brambilla I, Savioli G, Galzio R, Campero A, Lawton MT, Luzzi S. Gene Polymorphisms Increasing the Risk of Intracranial Aneurysms: Interleukin-1β -511C>T (Part I). ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2021; 92:e2021419. [PMID: 35441612 PMCID: PMC9179052 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92is4.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are devastating cerebrovascular diseases with multifactorial etiology. The role of inflammation is indisputable, and interleukins are pivotal in supporting local inflammatory pathways and endothelial dysfunction at the aneurysm wall. In the light of insufficient evidence reported in the literature, this meta-analysis was aimed to investigate the genetic linkage between IL-1β (rs16944) -511C>T polymorphisms and IAs susceptibility. Methods A comprehensive online literature review was completed using the PubMed/Medline and Web of Science databases in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. "Interleukin-1β," "IL-1β," "polymorphism," "intracranial aneurysm," and "subarachnoid hemorrhage" were the main keywords. Only human case-control studies, published from 2005 to 2021, written in English or translated, were screened. In the statistical analysis, we applied the fixed- and random-effect models, according to the level of heterogeneity, to assess the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RevMan 5.0 software was used for the statistics. Results Only 4 studies were eligible, with a total of 2070 patients, 1050 of which were assigned to the study group. Combined results showed a statistically significant association between the risk of IAs and -511CC (OR=0.79, 95% CI [0.65-0.95], p=0.01), and CT (OR=0.69, 95% CI [0.58-0.82], p<0.0001; OR=0.71, 95% CI [0.55-0.93], p=0.01) allele variations, both in the fixed- and random- models. No correlation was identified for the -511TT genotype (p=0.42; p=0.78). All the texts showed a low level of publication bias. Conclusion The present meta-analysis proved a potential role of IL-1β -511CC/CT genotypes in the pathogenesis of IAs. Additional studies are imperative to explain the underlying neuroimmune mechanisms, also allowing tailoring the potential inflammatory-target therapies for IAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Giotta Lucífero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matias Baldoncini
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Hospital San Fernando, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thomas Foiadelli
- Pediatric Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Brambilla
- Pediatric Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Savioli
- Emergency Medicine and Surgery, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Renato Galzio
- Neurosurgery Unit, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Alvaro Campero
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina,Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Padilla, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Michael T. Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI), United States
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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13
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Bonuccelli A, Sciarrotta C, Esposito MG, Bianchi V, Miccoli M, Striano P, D’Angelo R, Valiani M, Randazzo E, Foiadelli T, Peroni D, Federico G, Orsini A. Peripheral Arterial Tonometry (EndoPAT)-measured Endothelial Dysfunction in Migraine with Aura children. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2021; 92:e2021345. [PMID: 35441605 PMCID: PMC9179064 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92is4.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between Migraine with Aura (MA) and vascular disease has been previously reported. We investigated whether pre-clinical vascular alterations, such as Endothelial Dysfunction, are already present in children and adolescents with Migraine with Aura. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 27 patients having Migraine with Aura, aged9 -18 years, and 31 age matched healthy control subjects to evaluateEndothelial Function by Peripheral Arterial Tonometry. This technique measures finger pulse wave amplitude, before and during reactive hyperaemia, and calculates the Augmentation Index (AI) and the Reactive Hyperaemia Index (RHI). We also set-up an Aura Severity Scale to assess disease severity and its relationship with AI and RHI alterations. RESULTS Also if the case-control study resulted only partially as significant, we found there is an inversely proportional relationship between the severity of the migraine measured with Aura Severity Scale and the values of the endoscore (a significantly reduced levels of AI (p-value <0,03) and a marginal reduction of RHI levels (p-value <0,07). CONCLUSION Further studies should explore the impact of pre-clinical vascular alterations in children and adolescents with Migraine with Aura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bonuccelli
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa
| | - Claudia Sciarrotta
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa
| | - Maria Grazia Esposito
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa
| | - Vanessa Bianchi
- Pediatric Diabetology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, ‘
| | - Mario Miccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Dinogmi, Giannina Gaslini’s. Istitute, University of Genoa
| | - Riccardo D’Angelo
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa
| | - Margherita Valiani
- Pediatric Diabetology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, ‘
| | - Emioli Randazzo
- Pediatric Diabetology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, ‘
| | - Thomas Foiadelli
- Pediatric Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Diego Peroni
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa,,Pediatric Diabetology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, ‘
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Pediatric Diabetology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, ‘
| | - Alessandro Orsini
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa
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14
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Luzzi S, Gragnaniello C, Giotta Lucifero A, Marasco S, Elsawaf Y, Del Maestro M, Elbabaa SK, Galzio R. Anterolateral approach for subaxial vertebral artery decompression in the treatment of rotational occlusion syndrome: results of a personal series and technical note. Neurol Res 2020; 43:110-125. [PMID: 33054694 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1831303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the results of a retrospective series and a technical note about the anterolateral approach for the treatment of the rotational occlusion syndrome (ROS) involving the subaxial V2 segment of the vertebral artery (VA). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data of a cohort of patients that underwent an anterolateral approach to decompress the VA as they suffered from ROS secondary to a subaxial compression. A dynamic study with ultrasonography, CT, MRI, and catheter-based angiography were obtained in all cases. Severe symptomatology and cerebellar-brainstem strokes were indications for surgery. The anterolateral approach involved a pre-sternocleidomastoid precarotid exposure. The retro-longus colli and pre-scalenic corridors were used to access the C5-C6 and C3-C4 segment, respectively, and to perform the decompression. RESULTS Twelve patients were treated. Recurrent drop attacks were present in all cases. Osteophytes at C5 and C6 were the most common causes of subaxial VA compression. Anterior decompression stand-alone was performed in all but 1 patient. A recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and a numbness of the C5 nerve root were the only complications observed, both transient. A satisfactory untethering of the VA with a complete recovery was achieved in all patients, apart from those with severe infratentorial strokes. DISCUSSION READ Anterolateral approach allows for an effective and safe treatment of the ROS involving the subaxial portion of the VA. Retro-longus colli and pre-scalenic corridors, developed through a precarotid exposure, have an anatomical rationale in decreasing the risks of complications. Decompression stand-alone is adequate in almost the totality of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy.,Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristian Gragnaniello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Marasco
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | - Yasmeen Elsawaf
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Leon Pediatric Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children , Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mattia Del Maestro
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo , Pavia, Italy.,School in Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | - Samer K Elbabaa
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Leon Pediatric Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children , Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Renato Galzio
- Neurosurgery Unit, Maria Cecilia Hospital , Cotignola, Italy
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15
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Foiadelli T, Naso M, Licari A, Orsini A, Magistrali M, Trabatti C, Luzzi S, Mosconi M, Savasta S, Marseglia GL. Advanced pharmacological therapies for neurofibromatosis type 1-related tumors. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:101-114. [PMID: 32608378 PMCID: PMC7975824 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i7-s.9961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant tumor-predisposition disorder that is caused by a heterozygous loss of function variant in the NF1 gene, which encodes a protein called neurofibromin. The absence of neurofibromin causes increased activity in the Rat sarcoma protein (RAS) signalling pathway, which results in an increased growth and cell proliferation. As a result, both oncological and non-oncological comorbidities contribute to a high morbidity and mortality in these patients. Optic pathways gliomas, plexiform neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) are the most frequent NF1-associated tumors. The treatment of these complications is often challenging, since surgery may not be feasible due to the location, size, and infiltrative nature of these tumors, and standard chemotherapy or radiotherapy are burdened by significant toxicity and risk for secondary malignancies. For these reasons, following the novel discoveries of the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in NF1 patients, emerging drugs targeting specific signalling pathways (i.e. the MEK/ERK cascade), have been developed with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Foiadelli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Matteo Naso
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Orsini
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mariasole Magistrali
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Trabatti
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Mario Mosconi
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Savasta
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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16
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Minimal Invasive Piezoelectric Osteotomy in Neurosurgery: Technic, Applications, and Clinical Outcomes of a Retrospective Case Series. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7020068. [PMID: 32456065 PMCID: PMC7357104 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To report the physical and technical principles, clinical applications, and outcomes of the minimal invasive piezoelectric osteotomy in a consecutive veterinary neurosurgical series. METHODS A series of 292 dogs and 32 cats underwent an osteotomy because a neurosurgical pathology performed with a Mectron Piezosurgery® bone scalpel (Mectron Medical Technology, Genoa, Italy) was retrospectively reviewed. Efficacy, precision, safety, and blood loss were evaluated intraoperatively by two different surgeons, on a case-by-case basis. Postoperative Rx and CT scans were used to assess the selectivity and precision of the osteotomy. A histological study on bony specimens at the osteotomized surface was carried out to evaluate the effects of piezoelectric cutting on the osteocytes and osteoblasts. All the patients underwent a six-months follow-up. A series of illustrative cases was reported. RESULTS All the osteotomies were clear-cut and precise. A complete sparing of soft and nervous tissues and vasculature was observed. The operative field was blood- and heat-free in all cases. A range of inserts, largely different in shape and length, were allowed to treat deep and difficult-to-reach sites. Two mechanical complications occurred. Average blood loss in dogs' group was 52, 47, and 56 mL for traumatic, degenerative, and neoplastic lesions, respectively, whereas it was 25 mL for traumatized cats. A fast recovery of functions was observed in most of the treated cases, early on, at the first sixth-month evaluation. Histology on bone flaps showed the presence of live osteocytes and osteoblasts at the osteotomized surface in 92% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Piezosurgery is based on the physical principle of the indirect piezo effect. Piezoelectric osteotomy is selective, effective, and safe in bone cutting during neurosurgical veterinary procedures. It can be considered a minimal invasive technique, as it is able to spare the neighboring soft tissues and neurovascular structures.
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17
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Palumbo P, Lombardi F, Augello FR, Giusti I, Dolo V, Leocata P, Cifone MG, Cinque B. Biological effects of selective COX-2 inhibitor NS398 on human glioblastoma cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:167. [PMID: 32435158 PMCID: PMC7222447 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inflammation-associated enzyme, has been implicated in tumorigenesis and progression of glioblastoma (GBM). The poor survival of GBM was mainly associated with the presence of glioma stem cells (GSC) and the markedly inflammatory microenvironment. To further explore the involvement of COX-2 in glioma biology, the effects of NS398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, were evaluated on GSC derived from COX-2 expressing GBM cell lines, i.e., U87MG and T98G, in terms of neurospheres' growth, autophagy, and extracellular vesicle (EV) release. Methods Neurospheres' growth and morphology were evaluated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Autophagy was measured by staining acidic vesicular organelles. Extracellular vesicles (EV), released from neurospheres, were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The autophagic proteins Beclin-1 and LC3B, as well as the EV markers CD63 and CD81, were analyzed by western blotting. The scratch assay test was used to evaluate the NS398 influence on GBM cell migration. Results Both cell lines were strongly influenced by NS398 exposure, as showed by morphological changes, reduced growth rate, and appearance of autophagy. Furthermore, the inhibitor led to a functional change of EV released by neurospheres. Indeed, EV secreted by NS398-treated GSC, but not those from control cells, were able to significantly inhibit adherent U87MG and T98G cell migration and induced autophagy in recipient cells, thus leading to effects quite similar to those directly caused by NS398 in the same cells. Conclusion Despite the intrinsic diversity and individual genetic features of U87MG and T98G, comparable effects were exerted by the COX-2 inhibitor NS398 on both GBM cell lines. Overall, our findings support the crucial role of the inflammatory-associated COX-2/PGE2 system in glioma and glioma stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palumbo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Giusti
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Pietro Leocata
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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18
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Savioli G, Ceresa IF, Macedonio S, Gerosa S, Belliato M, Iotti GA, Luzzi S, Del Maestro M, Mezzini G, Giotta Lucifero A, Lafe E, Simoncelli A, Manzoni F, Cobianchi L, Mosconi M, Cuzzocrea F, Benazzo F, Ricevuti G, Bressan MA. Trauma Coagulopathy and Its Outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56040205. [PMID: 32344710 PMCID: PMC7230692 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Trauma coagulopathy begins at the moment of trauma. This study investigated whether coagulopathy upon arrival in the emergency room (ER) is correlated with increased hemotransfusion requirement, more hemodynamic instability, more severe anatomical damage, a greater need for hospitalization, and hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU). We also analyzed whether trauma coagulopathy is correlated with unfavorable indices, such as acidemia, lactate increase, and base excess (BE) increase. Material and Methods: We conducted a prospective, monocentric, observational study of all patients (n = 503) referred to the Department of Emergency and Acceptance, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, for major trauma from 1 January 2018 to 30 January 2019. Results: Of the 503 patients, 204 had trauma coagulopathy (group 1), whereas 299 patients (group 2) did not. Group 1 had a higher hemotransfusion rate than group 2. In group 1, 15% of patients showed hemodynamic instability compared with only 8% of group 2. The shock index (SI) distribution was worse in group 1 than in group 2. Group 1 was more often hypotensive, tachycardic, and with low oxygen saturation, and had a more severe injury severity score than group 2. In addition, 47% of group 1 had three or more body districts involved compared with 23% of group 2. The hospitalization rate was higher in group 1 than in group 2 (76% vs. 58%). The length of hospitalization was >10 days for 45% of group 1 compared with 28% of group 2. The hospitalization rate in the ICU was higher in group 1 than in group 2 (22% vs. 14.8%). The average duration of ICU hospitalization was longer in group 1 than in group 2 (12.5 vs. 9.78 days). Mortality was higher in group 1 than in group 2 (3.92% vs. 0.98%). Group 1 more often had acidemia and high lactates than group 2. Group 1 also more often had BE <−6. Conclusions: Trauma coagulopathy patients, upon arrival in the ER, have greater hemotransfusion (p = 0.016) requirements and need hospitalization (p = 0.032) more frequently than patients without trauma coagulopathy. Trauma coagulopathy seems to be more present in patients with a higher injury severity score (ISS) (p = 0.000) and a greater number of anatomical districts involved (p = 0.000). Head trauma (p = 0.000) and abdominal trauma (p = 0.057) seem related to the development of trauma coagulopathy. Males seem more exposed than females in developing trauma coagulopathy (p = 0.018). Upon arrival in the ER, the presence of tachycardia or alteration of SI and its derivatives can allow early detection of patients with trauma coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Savioli
- Emergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.C.); (S.M.); (S.G.); (M.A.B.)
- PhD School in Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Iride Francesca Ceresa
- Emergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.C.); (S.M.); (S.G.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Sarah Macedonio
- Emergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.C.); (S.M.); (S.G.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Sebastiano Gerosa
- Emergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.C.); (S.M.); (S.G.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Mirko Belliato
- Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.B.); (G.A.I.)
| | - Giorgio Antonio Iotti
- Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.B.); (G.A.I.)
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.L.)
| | - Mattia Del Maestro
- PhD School in Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Mezzini
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.L.)
| | - Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.M.); (A.G.L.)
| | - Elvis Lafe
- Neuro Radiodiagnostic Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Simoncelli
- Neuro Radiodiagnostic Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Federica Manzoni
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Cobianchi
- General Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Mario Mosconi
- Orthopedics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (F.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Fabrizio Cuzzocrea
- Orthopedics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (F.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesco Benazzo
- Orthopedics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (F.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Cellular Pathophysiology and Clinical immunology Laboratory, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maria Antonietta Bressan
- Emergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (I.F.C.); (S.M.); (S.G.); (M.A.B.)
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Maccallini C, Gallorini M, Cataldi A, Amoroso R. Targeting iNOS As a Valuable Strategy for the Therapy of Glioma. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:339-344. [PMID: 31851765 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent primary tumors of the brain and spinal cord. Histologically, they share features of normal glial cells, but whether gliomas originate from normal glial cells, glial or neural precursors, stem cells, or other cell types remains a topic of investigation. The enhanced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been reported as a hallmark of chemoresistance in gliomas, and several lines of evidence have reported that a decreased proliferation of glioma cells could be related to the selective inhibition of iNOS. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of iNOS expression and activity modulation in the regulation of glioma pathogenesis, along with compounds that could act as therapeutic agents against glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maccallini
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Matarredona ER, Pastor AM. Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Communication between the Glioblastoma and Its Microenvironment. Cells 2019; 9:E96. [PMID: 31906023 PMCID: PMC7017035 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The glioblastoma is the most malignant form of brain cancer. Glioblastoma cells use multiple ways of communication with the tumor microenvironment in order to tune it for their own benefit. Among these, extracellular vesicles have emerged as a focus of study in the last few years. Extracellular vesicles contain soluble proteins, DNA, mRNA and non-coding RNAs with which they can modulate the phenotypes of recipient cells. In this review we summarize recent findings on the extracellular vesicles-mediated bilateral communication established between glioblastoma cells and their tumor microenvironment, and the impact of this dialogue for tumor progression and recurrence.
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Susa F, Limongi T, Dumontel B, Vighetto V, Cauda V. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles as a Reliable Tool in Cancer Nanomedicine. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1979. [PMID: 31835327 PMCID: PMC6966613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast diagnosis and more efficient therapies for cancer surely represent one of the huge tasks for the worldwide researchers' and clinicians' community. In the last two decades, our understanding of the biology and molecular pathology of cancer mechanisms, coupled with the continuous development of the material science and technological compounds, have successfully improved nanomedicine applications in oncology. This review argues on nanomedicine application of engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) in oncology. All the most innovative processes of EVs engineering are discussed together with the related degree of applicability for each one of them in cancer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Valentina Cauda
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy; (F.S.); (T.L.); (B.D.); (V.V.)
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22
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Luzzi S, Zoia C, Rampini AD, Elia A, Del Maestro M, Carnevale S, Morbini P, Galzio R. Lateral Transorbital Neuroendoscopic Approach for Intraconal Meningioma of the Orbital Apex: Technical Nuances and Literature Review. World Neurosurg 2019; 131:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.07.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Luzzi S, Crovace AM, Del Maestro M, Giotta Lucifero A, Elbabaa SK, Cinque B, Palumbo P, Lombardi F, Cimini A, Cifone MG, Crovace A, Galzio R. The cell-based approach in neurosurgery: ongoing trends and future perspectives. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02818. [PMID: 31844735 PMCID: PMC6889232 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examination of the current trends and future perspectives of the cell-based therapies in neurosurgery. METHODS A PubMed/MEDLINE-based systematic review has been performed combining the main Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) regarding the cell- and tissue-based therapies with the "Brain", "Spinal Cord", "Spine" and "Skull" MeSH terms. Only articles in English published in the last 10 years and pertinent to neurosurgery have been selected. RESULTS A total of 1,173 relevant articles have been chosen. Somatic cells and gene-modification technologies have undergone the greatest development. Immunotherapies and gene therapies have been tested for the cure of glioblastoma, stem cells mainly for brain and spinal cord traumatic injuries. Stem cells have also found a rationale in the treatment of the cranial and spinal bony defects, and of the intervertebral disc degeneration, as well.Most of the completed or ongoing trials concerning the cell-based therapies in neurosurgery are on phase 2. Future perspectives involve the need to overcome issues related to immunogenicity, oncogenicity and routes for administration. Refinement and improvement of vector design and delivery are required within the gene therapies. CONCLUSION The last decade has been characterised by a progressive evolution of neurosurgery from a purely mechanical phase to a new biological one. This trend has followed the rapid and parallel development of translational medicine and nanotechnologies.The introduction of new technologies, the optimisation of the already existing ones, and the reduction of costs are among the main challenges of the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Polo Didattico "Cesare Brusotti", Viale Brambilla, 74, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale C. Golgi, 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Alberto Maria Crovace
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11 – Policlinico di Bari, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Mattia Del Maestro
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale C. Golgi, 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- PhD School in Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Polo Didattico "Cesare Brusotti", Viale Brambilla, 74, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Polo Didattico "Cesare Brusotti", Viale Brambilla, 74, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Samer K. Elbabaa
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, 1222 S. Orange Avenue, 2nd Floor, MP 154, Orlando, FL, 32806, USA
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, via Coppito, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Paola Palumbo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, via Coppito, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, via Coppito, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, via Coppito, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, via Coppito, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - Antonio Crovace
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza G. Cesare, 11 – Policlinico di Bari, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Renato Galzio
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Polo Didattico "Cesare Brusotti", Viale Brambilla, 74, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale C. Golgi, 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy
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24
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Luzzi S, Giotta Lucifero A, Del Maestro M, Marfia G, Navone SE, Baldoncini M, Nuñez M, Campero A, Elbabaa SK, Galzio R. Anterolateral Approach for Retrostyloid Superior Parapharyngeal Space Schwannomas Involving the Jugular Foramen Area: A 20-Year Experience. World Neurosurg 2019; 132:e40-e52. [PMID: 31520759 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schwannomas encompassing the superior parapharyngeal space are challenging lesions because of the anatomical complexity of this region and the frequent involvement of the neurovascular structures of the jugular foramen. The purpose of this study is to report the technical aspects and the advantages of the anterolateral approach, here proposed for schwannomas of this complex area. METHODS The main steps of the anterolateral approach are described in detail, along with the results of a consecutive series of 38 patients with a retrostyloid superior parapharyngeal schwannoma involving the jugular foramen operated on by means of this route between 1999 and 2019. RESULTS The supine position is generally preferred. The medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, mastoid tip, and superior nuchal line are the landmarks for the hockey-stick skin incision. The accessory nerve is retrieved and mobilized cranially. Detachment of the sternocleidomastoid, digastric, and nuchal muscles allows for a 180° exposure of the extracranial side of the jugular foramen. Three working corridors, namely the pre-carotid, pre-jugular, and retro-jugular, allow access to the deeper part of the jugular foramen area and the superior parapharyngeal space. In the present series, a gross total resection was achieved in 89.4% of the patients. Three recurrences occurred after an average follow-up of 80.5 ± 51 months. CONCLUSIONS The anterolateral approach is highly effective in the treatment of retrostyloid superior parapharyngeal space schwannomas involving the jugular foramen. Its simplicity of execution, versatility, and very low morbidity are among its main strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Alice Giotta Lucifero
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mattia Del Maestro
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; PhD School in Experimental Medicine, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marfia
- Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy; Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Italian Air Force, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Elena Navone
- Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matias Baldoncini
- Microsurgical Neuroanatomy Laboratory-LaNeMic- II Division of Anatomy, Medicine School, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Neurological Surgery, San Fernando Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Nuñez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital El Cruce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alvaro Campero
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Padilla, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Samer K Elbabaa
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Pediatric Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Renato Galzio
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Santini SJ, Cordone V, Mijit M, Bignotti V, Aimola P, Dolo V, Falone S, Amicarelli F. SIRT1-Dependent Upregulation of Antiglycative Defense in HUVECs Is Essential for Resveratrol Protection against High Glucose Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090346. [PMID: 31480513 PMCID: PMC6770647 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs in hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes. Resveratrol (RSV) protects the endothelium upon high glucose (HG); however, the mechanisms underlying such protective effects are still debated. Here we identified key molecular players involved in the glycative/oxidative perturbations occurring in endothelial cells exposed to HG. In addition, we determined whether RSV essentially required SIRT1 to trigger adaptive responses in HG-challenged endothelial cells. We used primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) undergoing a 24-h treatment with HG, with or without RSV and EX527 (i.e., SIRT1 inhibitor). We found that HG-induced glycative stress (GS) and oxidative stress (OS), by reducing SIRT1 activity, as well as by diminishing the efficiency of MG- and ROS-targeting protection. RSV totally abolished the HG-dependent cytotoxicity, and this was associated with SIRT1 upregulation, together with increased expression of GLO1, improved ROS-scavenging efficiency, and total suppression of HG-related GS and OS. Interestingly, RSV failed to induce effective response to HG cytotoxicity when EX527 was present, thus suggesting that the upregulation of SIRT1 is essential for RSV to activate the major antiglycative and antioxidative defense and avoid MG- and ROS-dependent molecular damages in HG environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Jr Santini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Valeria Cordone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Mahmut Mijit
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Virginio Bignotti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Aimola
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Stefano Falone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
| | - Fernanda Amicarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
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