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Xu L, Jia J, Yu J, Miao S, Zhang Y. The impact of aerobic exercise timing on BMAL1 protein expression and antioxidant responses in skeletal muscle of mice. Free Radic Res 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38946540 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2348789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
It is well known that the adaptations of muscular antioxidant system to aerobic exercise depend on the frequency, intensity, duration, type of the exercise. Nonetheless, the timing of aerobic exercise, related to circadian rhythms or biological clock, may also affect the antioxidant defense system, but its impact remains uncertain. Bain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) is the core orchestrator of molecular clock, which can maintain cellular redox homeostasis by directly controlling the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). So, our research objective was to evaluate the impacts of aerobic exercise training at various time points of the day on BMAL1 and NRF2-mediated antioxidant system in skeletal muscle. C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the control group, the group exercising at Zeitgeber Time 12 (ZT12), and the group exercising at ZT24. Control mice were not intervened, while ZT12 and ZT24 mice were trained for four weeks at the early and late time point of their active phase, respectively. We observed that the skeletal muscle of ZT12 mice exhibited higher total antioxidant capacity and lower reactive oxygen species compared to ZT24 mice. Furthermore, ZT12 mice improved the colocalization of BMAL1 with nucleus, the protein expression of BMAL1, NRF2, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, heme oxygenase 1, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit and glutathione reductase in comparison to those of ZT24 mice. In conclusion, the 4-week aerobic training performed at ZT12 is more effective for enhancing NRF2-mediated antioxidant responses of skeletal muscle, which may be attributed to the specific activation of BMAL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Jia
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Shudan Miao
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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2
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Malheiro LFL, Fernandes MM, Oliveira CA, Barcelos IDS, Fernandes AJV, Silva BS, Ávila JS, Soares TDJ, Amaral LSDB. Renoprotective mechanisms of exercise training against acute and chronic renal diseases - A perspective based on experimental studies. Life Sci 2024; 346:122628. [PMID: 38614303 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Regular exercise training can lead to several health benefits, reduce mortality risk, and increase life expectancy. On the other hand, a sedentary lifestyle is a known risk factor for chronic diseases and increased mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent a significant global health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. The progression from AKI to CKD is well-recognized in the literature, and exercise training has emerged as a potential renoprotective strategy. Thus, this article aims to review the main molecular mechanisms underlying the renoprotective actions of exercise training in the context of AKI and CKD, focusing on its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, and autophagy regulatory effects. For that, bibliographical research was carried out in Medline/PubMed and Scielo databases. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in renal diseases are not fully understood, experimental studies demonstrate that oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and dysregulation of fibrotic and autophagic processes play central roles in the development of tissue damage. Increasing evidence has suggested that exercise can beneficially modulate these mechanisms, potentially becoming a safe and effective non-pharmacological strategy for kidney health protection and promotion. Thus, the evidence base discussed in this review suggests that an adequate training program emerges as a valuable tool for preserving renal function in experimental animals, mainly through the production of antioxidant enzymes, nitric oxide (NO), irisin, IL-10, and IL-11. Future research can continue to explore these mechanisms to develop specific guidelines for the prescription of exercise training in different populations of patients with kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Fabiana Luz Malheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil
| | - Mariana Masimessi Fernandes
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Caroline Assunção Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil
| | - Isadora de Souza Barcelos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Ana Jullie Veiga Fernandes
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Bruna Santos Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Júlia Spínola Ávila
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Telma de Jesus Soares
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Brazil
| | - Liliany Souza de Brito Amaral
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Brazil.
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3
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Meng Q, Su CH. The Impact of Physical Exercise on Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress: Balancing the Benefits and Risks. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:573. [PMID: 38790678 PMCID: PMC11118032 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review comprehensively evaluates the effects of physical exercise on oxidative and nitrosative stress, mainly focusing on the role of antioxidants. Using a narrative synthesis approach, data from empirical studies, reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2004 and 2024 were collated from databases like PubMed, EBSCO (EDS), and Google Scholar, culminating in the inclusion of 41 studies. The quality of these studies was rigorously assessed to ensure the clarity of objectives, coherence in arguments, comprehensive literature coverage, and depth of critical analysis. Findings revealed that moderate exercise enhances antioxidant defenses through hormesis, while excessive exercise may exacerbate oxidative stress. The review also highlights that while natural dietary antioxidants are beneficial, high-dose supplements could impede the positive adaptations to exercise. In conclusion, the review calls for more focused research on tailored exercise and nutrition plans to further understand these complex interactions and optimize the health outcomes for athletes and the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Meng
- School of Physical Education, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China;
- Sport and Health Research Center, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chun-Hsien Su
- Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111369, Taiwan
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111369, Taiwan
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4
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Wang Y. The interplay of exercise and polyphenols in cancer treatment: A focus on oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38690720 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Exercise has been demonstrated to induce an elevated production of free radicals, leading to the onset of oxidative stress. Numerous studies highlight the positive impacts of aerobic exercise, primarily attributed to the increase in overall antioxidant capacity. The evidence suggests that engaging in aerobic exercise contributes to a reduction in the likelihood of advanced cancer and mortality. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the generation of free radicals and the collective antioxidant defense system, encompassing both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Typically, oxidative stress triggers the formation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species, instigating or advancing various issues in cancers and other diseases. The pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance serves as a direct measure of this imbalance in oxidative stress. Polyphenols contain a variety of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, flavanols, and phenolic acids, conferring antioxidant properties. Previous research highlights the potential of polyphenols as antioxidants, with documented effects on reducing cancer risk by influencing processes such as proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This is primarily attributed to their recognized antioxidant capabilities. Considering the extensive array of signaling pathways associated with exercise and polyphenols, this overview will specifically focus on oxidative stress, the antioxidant efficacy of polyphenols and exercise, and their intricate interplay in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Wang
- College of Physical Education, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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5
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Oliveira CA, Mercês ÉAB, Portela FS, Malheiro LFL, Silva HBL, De Benedictis LM, De Benedictis JM, Silva CCDE, Santos ACL, Rosa DP, Velozo HS, de Jesus Soares T, de Brito Amaral LS. An integrated view of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity: characteristics, common molecular mechanisms, and current clinical management. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s10157-024-02490-x. [PMID: 38678166 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-024-02490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is a chemotherapy drug widely prescribed to treat various neoplasms. Although fundamental for the therapeutic action of the drug, its cytotoxic mechanisms trigger adverse effects in several tissues, such as the kidney, liver, and heart, which limit its clinical use. In this sense, studies point to an essential role of damage to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the pathophysiology of tissue injuries. Due to the limitation of effective preventive and therapeutic measures against CP-induced toxicity, new strategies with potential cytoprotective effects have been studied. Therefore, this article is timely in reviewing the characteristics and main molecular mechanisms common to renal, hepatic, and cardiac toxicity previously described, in addition to addressing the main validated strategies for the current management of these adverse events in clinical practice. We also handle the main promising antioxidant substances recently presented in the literature to encourage the development of new research that consolidates their potential preventive and therapeutic effects against CP-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Assunção Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Érika Azenathe Barros Mercês
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Santos Portela
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Lara Fabiana Luz Malheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Helloisa Souza Velozo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Telma de Jesus Soares
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Liliany Souza de Brito Amaral
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil.
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Silişteanu SC, Antonescu E, Duică L, Totan M, Cucu AI, Costea AI. Lumbar Paravertebral Muscle Pain Management Using Kinesitherapy and Electrotherapeutic Modalities. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:853. [PMID: 38667615 PMCID: PMC11050304 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12080853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain is considered a public health problem internationally. Low back pain is a cause of disability that occurs in adolescents and causes negative effects in adults as well. The work environment and physical and psychosocial factors can influence the occurrence and evolution of low back pain. METHODS The purpose of this paper is to highlight the physiological and functional changes in young adults with painful conditions of the lumbar spine, after using exercise therapy. The study was of the longitudinal type and was carried out over a period 6 months in an outpatient setting. The rehabilitation treatment included electrotherapeutic modalities and kinesitherapy. RESULTS The results obtained when evaluating each parameter, for all moments, show statistically significant values in both groups. The results obtained regarding the relationship between the therapeutic modalities specific to rehabilitation medicine and low back pain are consistent with those reported in studies. CONCLUSIONS Depending on the clinical-functional status of each patient, kinesitherapy can accelerate the heart rate and increase the blood pressure and oxygen saturation of the arterial blood, values that can later return to their initial levels, especially through training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sînziana Călina Silişteanu
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (S.C.S.); (A.I.C.); (A.I.C.)
| | - Elisabeta Antonescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Lavinia Duică
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Maria Totan
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Andrei Ionuţ Cucu
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (S.C.S.); (A.I.C.); (A.I.C.)
| | - Andrei Ioan Costea
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (S.C.S.); (A.I.C.); (A.I.C.)
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Ayaz A, Zaman W, Radák Z, Gu Y. Harmony in Motion: Unraveling the Nexus of Sports, Plant-Based Nutrition, and Antioxidants for Peak Performance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:437. [PMID: 38671884 PMCID: PMC11047508 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between plant-based nutrition, antioxidants, and their impact on athletic performance forms the cornerstone of this comprehensive review. Emphasizing the pivotal importance of dietary choices in the realm of sports, this paper sets the stage for an in-depth exploration of how stress and physical performance are interconnected through the lens of nutrition. The increasing interest among athletes in plant-based diets presents an opportunity with benefits for health, performance, and recovery. It is essential to investigate the connection between sports, plants, and antioxidants. Highlighting the impact of nutrition on recovery and well-being, this review emphasizes how antioxidants can help mitigate oxidative stress. Furthermore, it discusses the growing popularity of plant-based diets among athletes. It elaborates on the importance of antioxidants in combating radicals addressing stress levels while promoting cellular health. By identifying rich foods, it emphasizes the role of a balanced diet in ensuring sufficient intake of these beneficial compounds. Examining stress within the context of sports activities, this review provides insights into its mechanisms and its impact on athletic performance as well as recovery processes. This study explores the impact of plant-based diets on athletes including their types, potential advantages and challenges. It also addresses the drawbacks of relying on plant-based diets, concerns related to antioxidant supplementation and identifies areas where further research is needed. Furthermore, the review suggests directions for research and potential innovations in sports nutrition. Ultimately it brings together the aspects of sports, plant-based nutrition, and antioxidants to provide a perspective for athletes, researchers and practitioners. By consolidating existing knowledge, it offers insights that can pave the way for advancements in the ever-evolving field of sports nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ayaz
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary;
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
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Sánchez-Sánchez JL, He L, Morales JS, de Souto Barreto P, Jiménez-Pavón D, Carbonell-Baeza A, Casas-Herrero Á, Gallardo-Gómez D, Lucia A, Del Pozo Cruz B, Valenzuela PL. Association of physical behaviours with sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2024; 5:e108-e119. [PMID: 38310891 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical behaviours (ie, physical activity and sedentary behaviour) might have a role in the development of sarcopenia, although the evidence is unclear. We aimed to explore the association of total and intensity-specific levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with sarcopenia and its components (ie, muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance) in older adults. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis and searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to July 26, 2022, for peer-reviewed, observational studies or baseline data from randomised clinical trials conducted in older adults (ie, individual age ≥60 years or mean age ≥65 years) and published in English that reported on the association of physical activity or sedentary behaviour or both with sarcopenia (or its determinants: muscle mass or strength, and physical performance). Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were measured by any method. The main outcome was sarcopenia, which could be diagnosed by any means. Estimates were extracted and pooled using Bayesian meta-analytic models and publication bias was assessed using the Egger's test. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022315865. FINDINGS We identified 15 766 records, of which 124 studies (230 174 older adults; 121 301 [52·7%] were female and 108 873 [47·3%] were male) were included in the systematic review. 86 studies were subsequently included in the meta-analysis. Higher levels of total physical activity were inversely associated with sarcopenia both cross-sectionally (21 studies, n=59 572; odds ratio 0·49, 95% credible interval 0·37-0·62) and longitudinally (four studies, n=7545; 0·51, 0·27-0·94). A protective association was also identified for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in cross-sectional research (five studies, n=6787; 0·85, 0·71-0·99), whereas no association was identified for the remaining physical behaviours (ie, steps, light physical activity, or sedentary behaviour). INTERPRETATION Total and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity are inversely associated with sarcopenia. These findings might support the importance of moderate-to-vigorous, rather than light, intensity physical activity-based interventions to prevent sarcopenia. FUNDING None. TRANSLATION For the Spanish translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Sánchez-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain; Health Sciences Department, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Lingxiao He
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Javier S Morales
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain; Biomedical Research Innovation Institute of Cádiz, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- IHU HealthAge, Toulouse, France; Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; Maintain Aging Research Team, Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche en santé des POPulations (CERPOP), Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain; Biomedical Research Innovation Institute of Cádiz, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Carbonell-Baeza
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain; Biomedical Research Innovation Institute of Cádiz, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Álvaro Casas-Herrero
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; Geriatric Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Gallardo-Gómez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Fitness Across Lifespan Research Group, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain; Biomedical Research Innovation Institute of Cádiz, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Baek S, Kim J, Nam MH, Park SM, Lee TS, Kang SY, Kim JY, Yoon HJ, Kwon SH, Park J, Lee SJ, Oh SJ, Lim K, Kim BS, Lee KP, Moon BS. Saengmaeksan, a traditional polyherbal formulation containing Panax ginseng, improves energy metabolism during exercise. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296487. [PMID: 38285695 PMCID: PMC10824426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Saengmaeksan (SMS), a representative oriental medicine that contains Panax ginseng Meyer, Liriope muscari, and Schisandra chinensis (1:2:1), is used to improve body vitality and enhance physical activity. However, there is limited scientific evidence to validate the benefits of SMS. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo regulatory effects of SMS and its constituents on energy metabolism and the underlying molecular mechanisms. For this, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, 3D holotomographic microscopy, western blotting, and glucose uptake experiments using 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) were performed using L6 cells to investigate in vitro energy metabolism changes. In addition, 18F-fluorocholine (18F-FCH) and 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) analyses, immunohistochemistry, and respiratory gas analysis were performed in mice post-endurance exercise on a treadmill. In the energy metabolism of L6 cells, a significant reversal in glucose uptake was observed in the SMS-treated group, as opposed to an increase in uptake over time compared to the untreated control group. Furthermore, P. ginseng alone and SMS significantly decreased the volume of lipid droplets. SMS also regulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphorylation of p38, mitochondrial morphology, and the expression of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE/Ref-1) in H2O2-stimulated L6 cells. In addition, SMS treatment was found to regulate whole body and muscle energy metabolism in rats subjected to high-intensity exercise, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Therefore, SMS containing P. ginseng ameliorated imbalanced energy metabolism through oxidative stress-induced APE/Ref-1 expression. SMS may be a promising supplemental option for metabolic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Baek
- Research & Development Center, UMUST R&D Corporation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hee Nam
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Mi Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Sup Lee
- Division of RI Applications, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Young Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hai-Jeon Yoon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hae Kwon
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jonghoon Park
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ju Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bom Sahn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Pa Lee
- Research & Development Center, UMUST R&D Corporation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Seok Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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10
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Carrera-Quintanar L, Funes L, Herranz-López M, Vicente-Salar N, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Moya-Ramón M, Pons A, Micol V, Roche E. Acute Antioxidant Response to Two Types of Exercises: 2000 M Run vs. Burpee Test. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:144. [PMID: 38397742 PMCID: PMC10886302 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity results in oxidative stress, as evidenced by the increased production of reactive oxygen, nitrogen species, and inflammatory mediators. The management of these components is instrumental for antioxidant adaptation to exercise and post-exercise recovery. Therefore, the present report aims to study the antioxidant response to two types of exercise (a 2000 m run and a burpee test) in healthy volunteers after a long period of inactivity (1-2 months). Antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde content) were measured in neutrophils, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and plasma. These parameters were determined under basal conditions and immediately post-exercise. Compared to those in basal state, neutrophil superoxide dismutase (28.3 vs. 22.9 pkat/109 cells), glutathione peroxidase (147.5 vs. 120.1 nkat/109 cells), and catalase (106.3 vs. 57.9 k/109 cells) were activated significantly (p < 0.05) after the burpee test. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited only significant (p < 0.05) catalase activation (113.6 vs. 89.4 k/109 cells) after the burpee test. Other enzymes, such as glutathione reductase and myeloperoxidase, tended to increase post-exercise, although the differences from baseline were not significant. Finally, compared to basal conditions, the protein carbonyl (24.5 vs. 14.5 mmol/L) and malondialdehyde (39.6 vs. 18.3 mmol/L) contents increased significantly (p < 0.05) in neutrophils and in plasma (115.1 vs. 97.8 and 130.2 vs. 123.4 μmol/L, respectively) after the burpee test. In conclusion, high-intensity exercise seems to induce immediate oxidative stress in inactive individuals, and the acute antioxidant response was slightly greater after the burpee test than after the 2000 m run. Glutathione-dependent antioxidant systems are activated immediately as protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar
- Doctorate in Translational Nutrition Sciences (DCNT) University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Lorena Funes
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Healthcare Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - María Herranz-López
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Healthcare Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Néstor Vicente-Salar
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Manuel Moya-Ramón
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Center, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Antoni Pons
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition/Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Healthcare Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition/Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition/Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Henriquez-Olguin C, Meneses-Valdes R, Kritsiligkou P, Fuentes-Lemus E. From workout to molecular switches: How does skeletal muscle produce, sense, and transduce subcellular redox signals? Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:355-365. [PMID: 37923089 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is crucial for maintaining human health and overall quality of life. Acute exercise introduces a multifaceted intracellular stress, with numerous post-translational modifications believed to underpin the health benefits of sustained exercise training. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are posited to serve as second messengers, triggering cytoprotective adaptations such as the upregulation of enzymatic scavenger systems. However, a significant knowledge gap exists between the generation of oxidants in muscle and the exact mechanisms driving muscle adaptations. This review delves into the current research on subcellular redox biochemistry and its role in the physiological adaptations to exercise. We propose that the subcellular regulation of specific redox modifications is key to ensuring specificity in the intracellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henriquez-Olguin
- The August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 1509, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Roberto Meneses-Valdes
- The August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | | | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
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12
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Dahleh MMM, Araujo SM, Bortolotto VC, Torres SP, Machado FR, Meichtry LB, Musachio EAS, Guerra GP, Prigol M. The implications of exercise in Drosophila melanogaster: insights into Akt/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway associated with Hsp70 regulation in redox balance maintenance. J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:479-493. [PMID: 37500966 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential effects of exercise on the responses of energy metabolism, redox balance maintenance, and apoptosis regulation in Drosophila melanogaster to shed more light on the mechanisms underlying the increased performance that this emerging exercise model provides. Three groups were evaluated for seven days: the control (no exercise or locomotor limitations), movement-limited flies (MLF) (no exercise, with locomotor limitations), and EXE (with exercise, no locomotor limitations). The EXE flies demonstrated greater endurance-like tolerance in the swimming test, associated with increased citrate synthase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity and lactate levels, and metabolic markers in exercise. Notably, the EXE protocol regulated the Akt/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway, which was associated with decreased Hsp70 activation, culminating in glutathione turnover regulation. Moreover, reducing the locomotion environment in the MLF group decreased endurance-like tolerance and did not alter citrate synthase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity, or lactate levels. The MLF treatment promoted a pro-oxidant effect, altering the Akt/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway and increasing Hsp70 levels, leading to a poorly-regulated glutathione system. Lastly, we demonstrated that exercise could modulate major metabolic responses in Drosophila melanogaster aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, associated with apoptosis and cellular redox balance maintenance in an emergent exercise model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Stífani Machado Araujo
- Laboratory Human and Animal Bio Health, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Realeza, PR, CEP 85770-000, Brazil
| | | | - Stéphanie Perreira Torres
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Franciéle Romero Machado
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Luana Barreto Meichtry
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Elize Aparecida Santos Musachio
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Petri Guerra
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil.
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13
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Zhang S, Qiu X, Zhang Y, Huang C, Lin D. Metabolomic Analysis of Trehalose Alleviating Oxidative Stress in Myoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13346. [PMID: 37686153 PMCID: PMC10488301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose, a naturally occurring non-toxic disaccharide, has attracted considerable attention for its potential in alleviating oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. In this study, our aim was to elucidate the metabolic mechanisms underlying the protective effects of trehalose against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in C2C12 myoblasts. Our results show that both trehalose treatment and pretreatment effectively alleviate the H2O2-induced decrease in cell viability, reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and attenuate lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, using NMR-based metabolomics analysis, we observed that trehalose treatment and pretreatment modulate the metabolic profile of myoblasts, specifically regulating oxidant metabolism and amino acid metabolism, contributing to their protective effects against oxidative stress. Importantly, our results reveal that trehalose treatment and pretreatment upregulate the expression levels of P62 and Nrf2 proteins, thereby activating the Nrf2-NQO1 axis and effectively reducing oxidative stress. These significant findings highlight the potential of trehalose supplementation as a promising and effective strategy for alleviating oxidative stress in skeletal muscle and provide valuable insights into its potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Caihua Huang
- Research and Communication Center of Exercise and Health, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China;
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.Z.); (X.Q.); (Y.Z.)
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14
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Kurtoğlu A, Konar N, Akçınar F, Çar B, Üremiş N, Türköz Y, Eken Ö, Ceylan Hİ, Knappova V, Barasinska M, Gabrys T. Effects of chronic core training on serum and erythrocyte oxidative stress parameters in amputee football players. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1188843. [PMID: 37362427 PMCID: PMC10287970 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1188843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The positive impact of aerobic exercise on blood oxidative stress parameters is well documented. However, the effect of core exercises on these parameters in amputee football players (AF) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of core exercises on blood oxidative stress parameters in this population. Methods: Experimental method was adopted in the study. Eleven elite AF players participated in the study. The participants were divided randomly into two groups a core exercise group (CEG) and a control group (CG). Blood measurements were taken before and after the 8-week core exercise program. Blood measurements included erythrocyte Total Oxidant Status (eTOS), erythrocyte Total Antioxidant Status (eTAS), erythrocyte oxidative stress index (eOSI), serum nitric oxide (sNO), serum Total Oxidant Status (sTOS), serum Total Antioxidant Status (sTAS), serum oxidative stress index (sOSI), serum total thiol (sTT), serum native thiol (sNT), and serum disulfide (sDS) parameters were studied. Results: According to the results of the study, a significant difference was found between the 0th and eighth week pre-aerobic training load (ATL) sTOS (p = .028) values of CEG values. A significant difference was found in sTOS (p = .028) and sOSI (p = .028) values after the 0th and eighth-week pre-ATL. A significant difference was found in the sTOS (p = .043) and sOSI values (p = .043) of CG at week 0th and eighth-week pre-ATL. Conclusion: Overall, the results suggest that core exercises had a positive effect on blood oxidative stress parameters in AF players by reducing blood total oxidant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kurtoğlu
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Türkiye
| | - Nurettin Konar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Türkiye
| | - Faruk Akçınar
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Science, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Bekir Çar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Türkiye
| | - Nuray Üremiş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Yusuf Türköz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Özgür Eken
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Teaching, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Inonu University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Halil İbrahim Ceylan
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Kazim Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Vera Knappova
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czechia
| | | | - Tomasz Gabrys
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czechia
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15
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Bustamante-Sanchez Á, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Martínez-Guardado I, Martín-Rodríguez A, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Antioxidants and Sports Performance. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102371. [PMID: 37242253 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant response in training adaptations and sports performance has been a large issue investigated in the last few years. The present review aims to analyze the role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant response in sports performance. For this aim, the production of reactive oxygen species in physical activities, the effect of reactive oxygen species on sports performance, the relationship between reactive oxygen species and training adaptations, inflammation, and the microbiota, the effect of antioxidants on recovery and sports performance, and strategies to use antioxidants supplementations will be discussed. Finally, practical applications derived from this information are discussed. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during physical activity greatly influences sports performance. This review concludes that ROS play a critical role in the processes of training adaptation induced by resistance training through a reduction in inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress, as well as appropriate molecular signaling. Additionally, it has been established that micronutrients play an important role in counteracting free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species, which cause oxidative stress, and the effects of antioxidants on recovery, sports performance, and strategies for using antioxidant supplements, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, resveratrol, coenzyme Q10, selenium, and curcumin to enhance physical and mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Zdziechowski A, Gluba-Sagr A, Rysz J, Woldańska-Okońska M. Why Does Rehabilitation Not (Always) Work in Osteoarthritis? Does Rehabilitation Need Molecular Biology? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098109. [PMID: 37175818 PMCID: PMC10179350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease among the human population worldwide. OA causes functional impairment, leads to disability and poses serious socioeconomic burden. The rehabilitation offers a function-oriented method to reduce the disability using diverse interventions (kinesiotherapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, education, and pharmacotherapy). OA as a widespread disease among elderly patients is often treated by rehabilitation specialists and physiotherapists, however the results of rehabilitation are sometimes unsatisfactory. The understanding of molecular mechanisms activated by rehabilitation may enable the development of more effective rehabilitation procedures. Molecular biology methods may prove crucial in rehabilitation as the majority of rehabilitation procedures cannot be estimated in double-blinded placebo-controlled trials commonly used in pharmacotherapy. This article attempts to present and estimate the role of molecular biology in the development of modern rehabilitation. The role of clinicians in adequate molecular biology experimental design is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Zdziechowski
- Department of Internal Diseases, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Medical University, 90-700 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Gluba-Sagr
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marta Woldańska-Okońska
- Department of Internal Diseases, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Medical University, 90-700 Łódź, Poland
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17
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Šet V, Lenasi H. Does Hyperbaric Oxygenation Improve Athletic Performance? J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:482-493. [PMID: 35900773 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Šet, V, and Lenasi, H. Does hyperbaric oxygenation improve athletic performance? J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 482-493, 2023-Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been suggested to affect oxygen availability and performance, and delay the onset of fatigue. Many mechanisms of HBO-induced alterations have been proposed, including modulation of various metabolic pathways, and the antioxidant defense mechanisms. As exercise per se affects similar aspects, it is tempting to speculate that simultaneous application of both, exercise and HBO might have synergistic effects. The aim of this review was to search through the currently available literature and evaluate the effect of acute exposure to HBO on exercise performance, potential effects of a combination of HBO and physical training, and to elucidate some possible mechanisms behind. We conducted searches in the PubMed and Scopus databases (search term: "hyperbaric" AND "oxygen" AND "exercise") and in relevant hyperbaric textbook and assessed potentially eligible full texts for details. Meta-analysis could not be performed because of a few available and rather heterogeneous studies. Twenty-seven studies were included in the final assessment (14 on exercise during HBO, 9 on exercise following HBO, 4 on applying HBO during recovery and rest between exercise bouts, and 3 on a combination of HBO and training). The results are contradictory, showing either positive or none ergogenic effects. There is some risk of bias and placebo effect. Discrepant findings of the available studies might partly be explained by different protocols applied, both regarding HBO and exercise intensity and regimen. There is a need for further research with well-designed trials to evaluate the effect of HBO on performance before recommending it to routine use in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Šet
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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18
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Bojarczuk A, Dzitkowska-Zabielska M. Polyphenol Supplementation and Antioxidant Status in Athletes: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010158. [PMID: 36615815 PMCID: PMC9823453 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants in sports exercise training remain a debated research topic. Plant-derived polyphenol supplements are frequently used by athletes to reduce the negative effects of exercise-induced oxidative stress, accelerate the recovery of muscular function, and enhance performance. These processes can be efficiently modulated by antioxidant supplementation. The existing literature has failed to provide unequivocal evidence that dietary polyphenols should be promoted specifically among athletes. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge regarding polyphenols' bioavailability, their role in exercise-induced oxidative stress, antioxidant status, and supplementation strategies in athletes. Overall, we draw attention to the paucity of available evidence suggesting that most antioxidant substances are beneficial to athletes. Additional research is necessary to reveal more fully their impact on exercise-induced oxidative stress and athletes' antioxidant status, as well as optimal dosing methods.
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19
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Powers SK, Goldstein E, Schrager M, Ji LL. Exercise Training and Skeletal Muscle Antioxidant Enzymes: An Update. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010039. [PMID: 36670901 PMCID: PMC9854578 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pivotal observation that muscular exercise is associated with oxidative stress in humans was first reported over 45 years ago. Soon after this landmark finding, it was discovered that contracting skeletal muscles produce oxygen radicals and other reactive species capable of oxidizing cellular biomolecules. Importantly, the failure to eliminate these oxidant molecules during exercise results in oxidation of cellular proteins and lipids. Fortuitously, muscle fibers and other cells contain endogenous antioxidant enzymes capable of eliminating oxidants. Moreover, it is now established that several modes of exercise training (e.g., resistance exercise and endurance exercise) increase the expression of numerous antioxidant enzymes that protect myocytes against exercise-induced oxidative damage. This review concisely summarizes the impact of endurance, high-intensity interval, and resistance exercise training on the activities of enzymatic antioxidants within skeletal muscles in humans and other mammals. We also discuss the evidence that exercise-induced up-regulation of cellular antioxidants reduces contraction-induced oxidative damage in skeletal muscles and has the potential to delay muscle fatigue and improve exercise performance. Finally, in hopes of stimulating further research, we also discuss gaps in our knowledge of exercise-induced changes in muscle antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K. Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, Deland, FL 32723, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Erica Goldstein
- Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, Deland, FL 32723, USA
| | - Matthew Schrager
- Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, Deland, FL 32723, USA
| | - Li Li Ji
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55455, USA
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20
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Vargas-Mendoza N, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Angeles-Valencia M, Anguiano-Robledo L, González-López LL, Sosa-Gómez A, Fregoso-Aguilar T, Esquivel-Chirino C, Ruiz-Velazco-Benítez YA, Morales-González JA. Phytochemicals and modulation of exercise-induced oxidative stress: a novel overview of antioxidants. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:8292-8314. [PMID: 36505319 PMCID: PMC9730074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The practice of physical exercise induces a series of physiological changes in the body at different levels, either acutely or chronically. During exercise, the increase in oxygen consumption promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which are necessary to maintain homeostasis. ROS/RNS activate cellular signaling pathways, such as the antioxidant cytoprotective systems, inflammation, and cell proliferation, which are crucial for cell survival. However, in exhaustive-extended physical exercise, workloads can exceed the endogenous antioxidant defenses, which may be related to impairment of muscle contraction, fatigue, and a decrease in athletic performance. This review addresses the role of some antioxidants from plant-derived extracts called phytochemicals that can mediate the response to oxidative stress induced by physical exercise by activating signaling pathways, such as Nrf2/Keap1/ARE, responsible for the endogenous antioxidant response and possibly having an impact on sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | - Marcelo Angeles-Valencia
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Liliana Anguiano-Robledo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Laura Ligia González-López
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud Unidad Santo Tomas, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Sosa-Gómez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud Unidad Santo Tomas, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Tomás Fregoso-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Hormonas y Conducta, Departamento de Fisiología, ENCB Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Cesar Esquivel-Chirino
- Área de Básicas Médicas, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - José A Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
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HAIBO X, ALBATTAT A, PHUOC JC, BAOGUI W. Explore the role of irisin in mitohormesis by PGC-1α. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.22.04790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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The Effects of Exercise Training on Mitochondrial Function in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012559. [PMID: 36293409 PMCID: PMC9603958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Exercise training is potentially an effective non-pharmacological strategy to restore mitochondrial health in CVD. However, how exercise modifies mitochondrial functionality is inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review using the PubMed; Scopus and Web of Science databases to investigate the effect of exercise training on mitochondrial function in CVD patients. Search terms included “mitochondria”, “exercise”, “aerobic capacity”, and “cardiovascular disease” in varied combination. The search yielded 821 records for abstract screening, of which 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. We summarized the effect of exercise training on mitochondrial morphology, biogenesis, dynamics, oxidative capacity, antioxidant capacity, and quality. Amongst these parameters, only oxidative capacity was suitable for a meta-analysis, which demonstrated a significant effect size of exercise in improving mitochondrial oxidative capacity in CVD patients (SMD = 4.78; CI = 2.99 to 6.57; p < 0.01), but with high heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 75%, p = 0.003). Notably, aerobic exercise enhanced succinate-involved oxidative phosphorylation. The majority of the results suggested that exercise improves morphology and biogenesis, whereas findings on dynamic, antioxidant capacity, and quality, were inadequate or inconclusive. A further randomized controlled trial is clearly required to explain how exercise modifies the pathway of mitochondrial quantity and quality in CVD patients.
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Cento AS, Leigheb M, Caretti G, Penna F. Exercise and Exercise Mimetics for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:249-259. [PMID: 35881303 PMCID: PMC9522759 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The incidence of musculoskeletal disorders affecting bones, joints, and muscles is dramatically increasing in parallel with the increased longevity of the worldwide population, severely impacting on the individual's quality of life and on the healthcare costs. Inactivity and sedentary lifestyle are nowadays considered the main drivers of age-associated musculoskeletal disorders and exercise may counteract such alterations also in other bone- and muscle-centered disorders. This review aims at clarifying the potential use of exercise training to improve musculoskeletal health. RECENT FINDINGS Both the skeletal muscle and the bone are involved in a complex crosstalk determining, in part through tissue-specific and inflammatory/immune released factors, the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders. Exercise is able to modulate the levels of those molecules and several associated molecular pathways. Evidence from preclinical and clinical trials supports the adoption of exercise and the future use of exercise mimicking drugs will optimize the care of individuals with musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia S Cento
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello, 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Leigheb
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, "Maggiore della Carità" Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caretti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello, 30, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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El Assar M, Álvarez-Bustos A, Sosa P, Angulo J, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Effect of Physical Activity/Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Muscle and Vascular Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158713. [PMID: 35955849 PMCID: PMC9369066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional status is considered the main determinant of healthy aging. Impairment in skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system, two interrelated systems, results in compromised functional status in aging. Increased oxidative stress and inflammation in older subjects constitute the background for skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system alterations. Aged skeletal muscle mass and strength impairment is related to anabolic resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress and inflammation as well as a reduced antioxidant response and myokine profile. Arterial stiffness and endothelial function stand out as the main cardiovascular alterations related to aging, where increased systemic and vascular oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role. Physical activity and exercise training arise as modifiable determinants of functional outcomes in older persons. Exercise enhances antioxidant response, decreases age-related oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signals, and promotes the activation of anabolic and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways in skeletal muscle. Additionally, exercise improves endothelial function and arterial stiffness by reducing inflammatory and oxidative damage signaling in vascular tissue together with an increase in antioxidant enzymes and nitric oxide availability, globally promoting functional performance and healthy aging. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in aged musculoskeletal and vascular systems and how physical activity/exercise influences functional status in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Sosa
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
| | - Javier Angulo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología (IRYCIS-UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-683-93-60 (ext. 6411)
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Pani P, Bal NC. Avian adjustments to cold and non-shivering thermogenesis: whats, wheres and hows. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:2106-2126. [PMID: 35899483 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Avian cold adaptation is hallmarked by innovative strategies of both heat conservation and thermogenesis. While minimizing heat loss can reduce the thermogenic demands of body temperature maintenance, it cannot eliminate the requirement for thermogenesis. Shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) are the two synergistic mechanisms contributing to endothermy. Birds are of particular interest in studies of NST as they lack brown adipose tissue (BAT), the major organ of NST in mammals. Critical analysis of the existing literature on avian strategies of cold adaptation suggests that skeletal muscle is the principal site of NST. Despite recent progress, isolating the mechanisms involved in avian muscle NST has been difficult as shivering and NST co-exist with its primary locomotory function. Herein, we re-evaluate various proposed molecular bases of avian skeletal muscle NST. Experimental evidence suggests that sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) and ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) are key in avian muscle NST, through their mediation of futile Ca2+ cycling and thermogenesis. More recent studies have shown that SERCA regulation by sarcolipin (SLN) facilitates muscle NST in mammals; however, its role in birds is unclear. Ca2+ signalling in the muscle seems to be common to contraction, shivering and NST, but elucidating its roles will require more precise measurement of local Ca2+ levels inside avian myofibres. The endocrine control of avian muscle NST is still poorly defined. A better understanding of the mechanistic details of avian muscle NST will provide insights into the roles of these processes in regulatory thermogenesis, which could further inform our understanding of the evolution of endothermy among vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punyadhara Pani
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Naresh C Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle Myogenesis and Muscle Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040755. [PMID: 35453440 PMCID: PMC9026549 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The contractile activity, high oxygen consumption and metabolic rate of skeletal muscle cause it to continuously produce moderate levels of oxidant species, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Under normal physiological conditions, there is a dynamic balance between the production and elimination of ROS/RNS. However, when the oxidation products exceed the antioxidant defense capacity, the body enters a state of oxidative stress. Myogenesis is an important process to maintain muscle homeostasis and the physiological function of skeletal muscle. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a key role in myogenesis and skeletal muscle physiology and pathology. In this review, we summarize the sources of reactive oxygen species in skeletal muscle and the causes of oxidative stress and analyze the key role of oxidative stress in myogenesis. Then, we discuss the relationship between oxidative stress and muscle homeostasis and physiopathology. This work systematically summarizes the role of oxidative stress in myogenesis and muscle diseases and provides targets for subsequent antioxidant therapy and repair of inflammatory damage in noninflammatory muscle diseases.
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Jaroslawska J, Gospodarska E, Korytko A. Increasing energy expenditure through exercise and low ambient temperature offers oxidative protection to the hypothalamus after high-fat feeding to mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13095. [PMID: 35138671 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of weight loss produced by increased energy expenditure on measures of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage have not been investigated in the hypothalamus of diet-induced obese mice. The present study aimed to characterize the effects of either a low housing temperature of 17°C or daily exercise on a treadmill on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced abnormalities in the hypothalamic tissue of mice. Exercise and low ambient temperature protocols were designed to produce energy deficit through increased energy expenditure. Forty mice aged 8 weeks were assigned to one of four conditions: chow diet (n = 10), HFD (n = 10), HFD and 5 weeks of either exercise training (ET; n = 10) or an ambient temperature of 17°C (n = 10). Mice were killed at the age of 31 weeks. In comparison with HFD treatment alone, both interventions reduced body adiposity (14.6% and 27.6% reduction for the ET and 17°C groups, respectively). Moreover, exposing obese mice to ET and 17°C restored mitochondrial DNA content (41.3% and 32.6% increase for the ET and 17°C groups, respectively), decreased level of lipid peroxidation as assessed by the detection of 4-hydroxy-nonenal protein adducts (12.8% and 29.4% reduction for the ET and 17°C groups, respectively) and normalized the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (Tnfα: 73.9% and 62%; Il1β: 54.5% and 39.6%; Il6: 33.1% and 35.6% reduction for the ET and 17°C groups, respectively), as well as several proteins associated with mitochondrial respiratory chain (OxPhos Complex I: 75.7% and 53.9%; Complex III: 33% and 36%; Complex V: 42% and 36.9% reduction for the ET and 17°C groups, respectively) in hypothalamic cells. Negative energy balance induced through either lower ambient temperature or exercise resulted in substantial and similar improvements in markers of inflammation and mitochondrial damage in the hypothalamus of mice with diet-induced obesity, potentially by reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jaroslawska
- Department of Biological Functions of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Emilia Gospodarska
- Department of Biological Functions of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Korytko
- Collegium Medicum, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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Strategies of the acupuncture treatment for delayed-onset muscle soreness based on pathophysiology. WORLD JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE-MOXIBUSTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Wang Z, Bo H, Song Y, Li C, Zhang Y. Mitochondrial ROS Produced by Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria Promote the Decisive Signal for UPRmt Activation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7436577. [PMID: 35237690 PMCID: PMC8885241 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7436577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) can repair and remove misfolded or unfolded proteins in mitochondria and enhance mitochondrial protein homeostasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by regular exercise is a crucial signal for promoting health, and skeletal muscle mitochondria are the primary source of ROS during exercise. To verify whether UPRmt is related to ROS produced by mitochondria in skeletal muscle during regular exercise, we adapted MitoTEMPO, mitochondrially targeted antioxidants, and ROS production by mitochondria. Our results showed that mitochondrial ROS is the key factor for activating UPRmt in different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise, Physiology and Sports Medicine, Research Center for Exercise & Health Science, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hai Bo
- Department of Military Training Medicines, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Yu Song
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise, Physiology and Sports Medicine, Research Center for Exercise & Health Science, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Can Li
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise, Physiology and Sports Medicine, Research Center for Exercise & Health Science, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise, Physiology and Sports Medicine, Research Center for Exercise & Health Science, Tianjin 301617, China
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30
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Yousefian M, Taghian F, Sharifi G, Hosseini SA. High-intensity interval training along with spirulina algae consumption and caloric restriction ameliorated the Nrf1/Tfam/Mgmt and ATP5A1 pathway in the heart tissue of obese rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14061. [PMID: 35037261 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nrf1/Tfam/MGMT and ATP5A1 might be a pivotal network in cardiovascular disease-inducing obesity. Therefore, we evaluated eight weeks of exercise, caloric restriction, and spirulina algae consumption on the heart in obese rats. In this study, obese rats were compared with a healthy group. First, we induced obese rats with a 60%-high-fat diet. Then, after eight weeks, obese rats were randomly divided into eight groups: obese rats without treatment (HFD), obese rats treated with spirulina algae (HFD-SA), obese rats conducted exercise (HFD-EX), obese rats treated with spirulina algae and exercise (HFD-SA+EX), obese rats treated with caloric restriction (HFD-CR), obese rats treated with caloric restriction and exercise (HFD-CR+EX), obese rats treated with spirulina algae and caloric restriction (HFD-SA+CR), and obese rats treated with SA+CR+EX (HFD-SA+CR+EX). Also, the exercise protocol was performed for eight weeks, three sessions per week at an intensity of 80%-110% of maximum running speed. The spirulina algae were consumed by gavage (100 mg/kg/day), and caloric restriction used 60% of the food consumed. We found that SA+CR+EX significantly modified the Nrf1/Tfam/MGMT and ATP5A1 network in cardiovascular disease-inducing obesity rats (p < .01). Moreover, we predicted SA could be bound to Tfam and MGMT protein targets. Hence, exercise, caloric restriction, and spirulina algae had a synergistic effect on mitochondrial biogenesis in the heart tissue of obese rats (p < .01). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: According to artificial intelligence and medical biology servers, we discovered that mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress are dominant phenomena in the cardiovascular system. Nrf1/Tfam/MGMT and ATP5A1, as pivotal regulators of oxidative stress, could play an utmost important role in the cardiovascular disease-inducing obesity molecular pathway. Furthermore, several studies have indicated that environmental factors such as the western diet and physical inactivity disrupted the mitochondrial dynamic, which led to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). We predicted the binding power of the Spirulina's small molecules on Tfam and Mgmt proteins based on drug-discovery technology and pharmacokinetic parameters. Considering oxidative stress and mitochondrial machinery related to the action of some molecular pathways, mitochondria-related nuclear-encoded proteins, and ROS, this study evaluated the high-intensity interval training, caloric restriction, and spirulina consumption on heart mitochondrial biogenesis in obese rats. Our data might provide a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease-inducing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Yousefian
- Department of Sports Physiology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Taghian
- Department of Sports Physiology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sharifi
- Department of Sports Physiology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Department of Sports Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
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Coombs GS, Rios-Monterrosa JL, Lai S, Dai Q, Goll AC, Ketterer MR, Valdes MF, Uche N, Benjamin IJ, Wallrath LL. Modulation of muscle redox and protein aggregation rescues lethality caused by mutant lamins. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102196. [PMID: 34872044 PMCID: PMC8646998 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human LMNA gene cause a collection of diseases called laminopathies, which includes muscular dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy. The LMNA gene encodes lamins, filamentous proteins that form a meshwork on the inner side of the nuclear envelope. How mutant lamins cause muscle disease is not well understood, and treatment options are currently limited. To understand the pathological functions of mutant lamins so that therapies can be developed, we generated new Drosophila models and human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes. In the Drosophila models, muscle-specific expression of the mutant lamins caused nuclear envelope defects, cytoplasmic protein aggregation, activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 redox pathway, and reductive stress. These defects reduced larval motility and caused death at the pupal stage. Patient-derived cardiomyocytes expressing mutant lamins showed nuclear envelope deformations. The Drosophila models allowed for genetic and pharmacological manipulations at the organismal level. Genetic interventions to increase autophagy, decrease Nrf2/Keap1 signaling, or lower reducing equivalents partially suppressed the lethality caused by mutant lamins. Moreover, treatment of flies with pamoic acid, a compound that inhibits the NADPH-producing malic enzyme, partially suppressed lethality. Taken together, these studies have identified multiple new factors as potential therapeutic targets for LMNA-associated muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Coombs
- Biology Department, Waldorf University, Forest City, IA, USA
| | | | - Shuping Lai
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Qiang Dai
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ashley C Goll
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Margaret R Ketterer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Maria F Valdes
- Biology Department, Waldorf University, Forest City, IA, USA
| | - Nnamdi Uche
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WO, USA
| | - Ivor J Benjamin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Lori L Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Kawamura A, Hashimoto S, Suzuki M, Ueno H, Sugita M. Oligomerized polyphenols in lychee fruit extract supplements may improve high-intensity exercise performance in male athletes: a pilot study. Phys Act Nutr 2021; 25:8-15. [PMID: 34727683 PMCID: PMC8580582 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2021.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by prolonged high-intensity exercise can cause structural and functional damage. Antioxidant polyphenol supplementation, which reduces ROS levels, may improve high-intensity exercise performance. We evaluated the effect of lychee fruit extract, which contains high levels of low-molecular-weight oligomerized polyphenols, on high-intensity exercise performance. [Methods] Ten male athletes were included in an open-label trial that consisted of control and intervention phases, with a 7-day washout period between phases. The participants were administered oligomerized lychee fruit extract for seven days, whereas no intervention was given in the control phase. High-intensity intermittent exercise and the Wingate test were performed. The power output, blood lactate levels, reactive oxygen metabolite levels, biological antioxidant potential, heart rate, and rate of perceived exertion were measured. [Results] The average power output was significantly higher in the intervention phase than in the control phase (P < 0.01), while the change in blood lactate levels was significantly lower in the intervention phase than in the control phase (P < 0.05). The average heart rate was significantly higher in the intervention phase than in the control phase (P < 0.05), without changing the rate of perceived exertion. Although there was no difference in reactive oxygen metabolite levels between the phase, the change in biological antioxidant potential was larger in the intervention phase than in the control phase (P = 0.06). The Wingate test showed no significant differences between the phase. [Conclusion] Short-term loading with oligomerized lychee fruit extract may increase performance during high-intensity intermittent exercise by improving metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Kawamura
- Sports Science Research Promotion Centre, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Hashimoto
- Sports Science Research Promotion Centre, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ueno
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sugita
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang Z, Xia T, Jin S, Liu X, Pan R, Yan M, Chang Q. Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Muscle Atrophy Leads to Fatigue in Mice by Inhibiting the AMPK Signaling Pathway. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101321. [PMID: 34680438 PMCID: PMC8533263 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, an increasing number of people are suffering from fatigue due to the state of their lifestyles, such as sedentary work in a relatively small space, irregular sleep patterns, or the lack of movement and exercise. The present study was designed to simulate the occurrence of fatigue in the above populations through a chronic restraint stress (CRS) model, and to reveal its dynamic processes and potential underlying molecular mechanisms. ICR mice were subjected to 8 h of restraint stress each day for 5, 10, or 15 days. It was found that the weight-loaded swimming performance, grip strength, and locomotor activity of the mice all decreased under CRS treatment, and that up to 15 days of CRS induced notable fatigue. Gastrocnemius muscle atrophy and some abnormal biochemical parameters related to fatigue under CRS were observed. Furthermore, transcriptome data showed that the changes in muscle cell metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction were associated with the AMPK signaling pathway in CRS-treated mice. Western blotting analysis of the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway revealed that CRS could decrease mitochondrial biogenesis and reduce the numbers of type I skeletal muscle fibers in the gastrocnemius of mice. CRS could also block the protective mitophagic flux to inhibit the abnormal clearance of damaged mitochondria. Our study suggests a critical link between muscle atrophy and CRS-induced fatigue in mice, suggesting that the pharmacological promotion of muscle and mitochondrial function can be used as a treatment for stress-induced fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mingzhu Yan
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (Q.C.); Tel.: +86-10-5783-3468 (M.Y.); +86-10-5783-3224 (Q.C.)
| | - Qi Chang
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (Q.C.); Tel.: +86-10-5783-3468 (M.Y.); +86-10-5783-3224 (Q.C.)
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34
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Experimental models of lipid overload and their relevance in understanding skeletal muscle insulin resistance and pathological changes in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Biochimie 2021; 196:182-193. [PMID: 34563603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It remains essential to decipher some of the pathological mechanisms that link obesity with deteriorating human health. Insulin resistance, due to enhanced free fatty acid substrate delivery, results in disrupted glucose homeostasis and altered mitochondrial oxidative capacity, which is a characteristic feature of an obese state. In fact, as a major site for regulating glucose homeostasis and energy production in response to insulin, the skeletal muscle has become an interesting target tissue to understand the impact of lipid overload on the development of insulin resistance and impaired mitochondrial respiratory function. In addition to systematically retrieving the discussed data, the current review brings an essential perspective in understanding the relevance of experimental models of lipid overload such as high fat diets in understanding the pathological link between insulin resistance and pathological changes in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Importantly, inclusion of evidence from transgenic model highlights some of the unique molecular targets that are implicated in the development of insulin resistance and inefficient mitochondrial respiration processes within an obese state. Importantly, saturation with lipid products such as ceramides and diacylglycerols, especially within the skeletal muscle, appears to be instrumental in paving the path leading to worsening of metabolic complications. These metabolic consequences mostly interfere with the efficiency of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, leading to overproduction of toxic reactive oxygen species. Therefore, therapeutic agents that reverse the effects of lipid overload by improving insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial oxidative capacity are crucial for the management or even treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Kruk J, Aboul-Enein BH, Duchnik E. Exercise-induced oxidative stress and melatonin supplementation: current evidence. J Physiol Sci 2021; 71:27. [PMID: 34470608 PMCID: PMC8409271 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-021-00812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin possesses the indoleamine structure and exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions and other physiological properties. Physical exercise can influence secretion of melatonin. Melatonin is used as a natural supplement among athletes to regulate sleep cycles and protect muscles against oxidative damage. Despite decades of research, there is still a lack of a comprehensive and critical review on melatonin supplementation and physical activity relationship. The aim of this literature review is to examine the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other biological functions played by melatonin with reference to the effect of physical exercise on melatonin secretion and the effect of this compound supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress in athletes. Evidence shows that intense exercises disturb antioxidant status of competitive athletes, whereas supplementation with melatonin strengthens antioxidant status in trained athletes in various sports as the compound showed high potency in reduction of the oxidative stress and inflammation markers generated during intense and prolonged exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kruk
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
| | | | - Ewa Duchnik
- Department of Aesthetic Dermatology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Vargas-Mendoza N, Angeles-Valencia M, Morales-González Á, Morales-Martínez M, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I, Fregoso-Aguilar T, Delgado-Olivares L, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Morales-González JA. Effect of Silymarin Supplementation in Lung and Liver Histological Modifications during Exercise Training in a Rodent Model. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:jfmk6030072. [PMID: 34564191 PMCID: PMC8482127 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training induces adaptive physiological and morphological modifications in the entire organism; however, excessive loads of training may increase damage in tissues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of silymarin in lung and liver histological changes in rats subjected to exercise training (ET). METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to an 8-week ET treadmill program 5 days per week, 60 min/session, and were previously administered 100 mg ascorbic acid or 100 mg of silymarin. RESULTS Silymarin increased alveolar and bronchial muscle size, improve vascularization, and reduced tissue inflammation. In liver, silymarin promoted the reduction of lipid content. CONCLUSION Silymarin supplementation may improve inflammation in pulmonary tissue after 8 weeks of the ET treadmill program, improve cell recovery, and reduce intrahepatic lipid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.A.-V.)
| | - Marcelo Angeles-Valencia
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.A.-V.)
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n Esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizabal, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico;
| | - Mauricio Morales-Martínez
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Universidad Intercontinental, Insurgentes Sur 4303, Santa Úrsula Xitla, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14420, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - Tomás Fregoso-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Hormonas y Conducta, Departamento de Fisiología, ENCB Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07700, Mexico;
| | - Luis Delgado-Olivares
- Centro de Investigación Interdisciplinario, Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito Actopan-Tilcuauttla, s/n, Ex Hacienda La Concepción, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.A.-V.)
- Correspondence: (E.O.M.-S.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (E.O.M.-S. & J.A.M.-G.)
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.A.-V.)
- Correspondence: (E.O.M.-S.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (E.O.M.-S. & J.A.M.-G.)
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Jia N, Zhou Y, Dong X, Ding M. The antitumor mechanisms of aerobic exercise: A review of recent preclinical studies. Cancer Med 2021; 10:6365-6373. [PMID: 34387383 PMCID: PMC8446393 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise is an important non‐pharmacological means of antitumor intervention, but related mechanisms are poorly understood. In this review, previous studies are summarized from the aspects of tumor oxygenation, autophagy versus apoptosis, and organismal immunity. Current findings on the antitumor effects of aerobic exercise involve AMPK signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, Th1/Th2 cytokine balance related to immunity, PD‐1/PD‐L1 immunosuppressive signaling, and related cytokine pathways. Several directions for further research are proposed, including whether newly discovered subgroups of cytokines influence the effects of aerobic exercise on tumors, tailoring corresponding exercise prescriptions based on the bidirectional effects of certain cytokines at different stages, identifying the potential effects of exercise time and intensity, and elucidating details of the unclear mechanisms. Through the discussion of the existing data, we hope to provide new ideas for the future research of exercise therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxin Jia
- College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaosheng Dong
- College of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Ding
- College of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Hu X, Mu L, Zhu L, Chang X, Nie L, Wang L, Li G. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides attenuate cardiovascular oxidative stress injury by enhancing the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in exhaustive exercise rats. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:643. [PMID: 34278476 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate exercise is beneficial to physical and mental health. When the amount of exercise and exercise intensity exceeds a certain limit and reaches the state of exhaustion, oxidative stress levels in the body increase, which can lead to oxidative stress‑associated damage. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is one of the primary active ingredients extracted from wolfberry. Following exhausting exercise in rats, LBP supplements decrease damage to the myocardium and blood vessels, indicating that LBP exerts a protective effect on the cardiovascular system. The Kelch‑like ECH‑associated protein 1 (Keap1)/NF‑E2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) anti‑oxidative stress signaling pathway improves total oxidizing ability; anti‑apoptosis and other aspects serve a vital role. In the present study, LBP intervention was performed in vivo and in vitro to observe its effect on the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and oxidative stress‑associated indicators in order to clarify its protective mechanism. For the in vivo experiments, 60 male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control and aerobic, exhaustive and exhaustive exercise + LBP (200 mg/kg/day) groups. For the in vitro experiments, a rat thoracic aortic endothelial cell (RTAEC) oxidative stress model was established using angiotensin II (AngII) and divided into blank control, LBP (3,200 µg/ml), AngII (1x10‑4 mol/l) and AngII + LBP groups. For in vitro experiments, small interfering (si)RNA (50 nmol) was used to transfect RTAEC and induce gene silencing of Nrf2. ELISA, hematoxylin and eosin staining, TUNEL, immunofluorescence, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR were used to evaluate and verify the effect of LBP on oxidative stress indicators and the expression of Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidative stress signaling pathway. The in vivo experiments showed that LBP decreased the expression of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and AngII, as well as apoptosis of blood vessels and cardiomyocytes and expression of TNF‑α in rats following exhaustive exercise. Meanwhile, LBP enhanced expression of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and downstream associated protein glutamyl‑cysteine synthetase catalytic subunit (GCLC), quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutamate‑cysteine ligase modified subunit (GCLM) in the thoracic aorta and myocardium of rats following exhaustive exercise. In RTAEC in vitro, LBP decreased the expression of MDA and TNF‑α in the supernatant, promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased expression levels of GCLC, NQO1 and GCLM. Following siNrf2 transfection into endothelial cells, the anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant stress effects of LBP were decreased. LBP was found to enhance the expression of the Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant stress signaling pathway in endothelial cells, decreasing oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. Moreover, LBP improved the antioxidant stress ability of endothelial cells and alleviated injury of myocardial vascular tissue, thereby protecting the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Le Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lingqin Zhu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Chang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Nie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of General Practice, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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40
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Schmitt A, Brändle AL, Herzog P, Röchner F, Fragasso A, Munz B. Effects of the anti-oxidant PDTC in combination with a single bout of treadmill running on murine skeletal muscle. Redox Rep 2021; 25:70-79. [PMID: 32808587 PMCID: PMC7480603 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2020.1807088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Skeletal muscle adaptation to physical activity is dependent on various factors. Important signaling mediators are reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, recent research suggests that ROS have both beneficial and deleterious effects on exercise adaptation, dependent on training intensity and training status, so that the question of whether anti-oxidants should be taken in connection with exercise cannot easily be answered. Thus, it is important to gain more insight into the complex roles of ROS in regulating training adaptation. Methods: The effects of ROS inhibition on skeletal muscle training adaptation were analyzed by applying the anti-oxidant PDTC, which is also an inhibitor of the ROS-activated transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), to juvenile mice in connection with a single bout of treadmill running. Results: We found that PDTC inhibits exercise-mediated induction of specific stress- and inflammation-associated genes. Other genes, specifically those encoding metabolic and mitochondrial factors, were affected to a lesser extent and there appeared to be little effect on the microRNA (miR) profile. Discussion: Our data suggest that anti-oxidants regulate distinct sets of adaptation-relevant genes, which might have important implications for the design of exercise-based preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Schmitt
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Medical Clinic, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne-Lena Brändle
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Medical Clinic, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pascal Herzog
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Medical Clinic, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Röchner
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Medical Clinic, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annunziata Fragasso
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Medical Clinic, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Munz
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Medical Clinic, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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41
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Wang Y, Zhou W, Lyu C, Li Q, Kou F, Jiang M, Wei H. Metabolomics study on the intervention effect of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae extract in exercise-induced exhaustion rat using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1178:122805. [PMID: 34224965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The metabolomics approach based on the gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was adopted to explore the underlying mechanism of the anti-fatigue effect of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM), a famous herbal medicine in China used for multiple biological functions, in load-weighted swimming test in rat, combined with biochemical parameters evaluations. As a result, the metabolomics study followed by orthogonal partial least-square (OPLS) analysis could differentiate metabolic profiling between the control and exhaustive exercise group, showing the rats underwent an obvious metabolic perturbation, whereas RSM treatment restored scores plot close to normal and showed regulatory effects on the muscle metabolic profiles. The changed metabolic pathways of the potential biomarkers in response to the effect of RSM treatment for exhaustive exercise rats included in glucose metabolism (glucose, lactic acid, alanine), glutathione metabolism (glycine, glutamate, 5-oxo-proline), TCA cycle (succinic acid), arginine biosynthesis (glutamine, ornithine, urea), glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism (serine, glycine), oxidative stress (taurine) and purine metabolism (inosine). In addition, intervention of RSM increased hepatic glycogen, muscle glycogen and serum glucose, and decreased triglyceride and blood urea nitrogen levels, indicating RSM treatment may regulate energy metabolism by increasing the rate of fat utilization, decrease the protein and carbohydrate utilization. Furthermore, RSM reduced exhaustive exercise-induced accumulation of the lipid peroxidation byproduct malonaldehyde and elevated antioxidants' levels, including reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase, which might be a positive reflection of improved oxidant-antioxidant balance. Moreover, RSM could protect against exercise-induced muscle damage by attenuating creatine kinase release. In summary, RSM provided a good anti-fatigue effect by regulating energy metabolism, oxidant-antioxidant balance, and the endogenous metabolites in the exercising muscle. This study demonstrates that metabolomics is an effective tool for the estimation of the potential anti-fatigue effect of RSM and for the illustration of its pharmacological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chunming Lyu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fang Kou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Hai Wei
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Hao Y, Xing M, Gu X. Research Progress on Oxidative Stress and Its Nutritional Regulation Strategies in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1384. [PMID: 34068057 PMCID: PMC8152462 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to the dramatic increase in the production of free radicals in human and animal bodies or the decrease in the ability to scavenging free radicals, thus breaking the antioxidation-oxidation balance. Various factors can induce oxidative stress in pig production. Oxidative stress has an important effect on pig performance and healthy growth, and has become one of the important factors restricting pig production. Based on the overview of the generation of oxidative stress, its effects on pigs, and signal transduction pathways, this paper discussed the nutritional measures to alleviate oxidative stress in pigs, in order to provide ideas for the nutritional research of anti-oxidative stress in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xianhong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.H.); (M.X.)
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Kalugina KK, Sukhareva KS, Churkinа AI, Kostareva AA. Autophagy as a Pathogenetic Link and
a Target for Therapy of Musculoskeletal System Diseases. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rosado-Pérez J, Castelán-Martínez OD, Mújica-Calderón AJ, Sánchez-Rodríguez MA, Mendoza-Núñez VM. Effect of Tai Chi on Markers of Oxidative Stress: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073458. [PMID: 33810466 PMCID: PMC8037964 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to synthesize the evidence of the effect of practicing Tai Chi on oxidative stress markers (OxSM). Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducting using the MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Epistemonikos, Lilacs, and Ovid databases to identify randomized (RCT) and non-randomized (NRCT) clinical trials that evaluated the Tai Chi effect on OxSM compared to sedentary behavior, walking or yoga. Pooled mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated using the inverse variance method to determine the effect of Tai Chi on OxSM. PROSPERO register: CRD42019138362. Results: Five RCT and five NRCT were included. Compared to sedentary behavior, regular Tai Chi practice increases the levels of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (MD = 34.97 U/mL, (95%CI, 9.45 to 60.48), 344 participants) and catalase (MD = 15.63 U/mL, (95%CI, 4.05 to 27.22), 110 participants), as well as reducing the levels of lipoperoxides (MD = −0.02 µmol/L, (95%CI, −0.04 to −0.00), 234 participants). For comparisons with walking or yoga, only one study per activity was identified comparing the effect on OxSM. Conclusions: Regular Tai Chi practice increases the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as reducing the levels of lipoperoxides. More studies are necessary to determine the effect of Tai Chi on OxSM when compared to other physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Rosado-Pérez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México P.C. 09230, Mexico; (J.R.-P.); (A.J.M.-C.); (M.A.S.-R.)
| | - Osvaldo D. Castelán-Martínez
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México P.C. 09230, Mexico;
| | - Abril J. Mújica-Calderón
- Research Unit on Gerontology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México P.C. 09230, Mexico; (J.R.-P.); (A.J.M.-C.); (M.A.S.-R.)
| | - Martha A. Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México P.C. 09230, Mexico; (J.R.-P.); (A.J.M.-C.); (M.A.S.-R.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México P.C. 09230, Mexico; (J.R.-P.); (A.J.M.-C.); (M.A.S.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5623-0721; Fax: +52-55-5773-6330
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Imai N, Kobayashi Y, Uenishi K. The Intake of Kiwifruits Improve the Potential Antioxidant Capacity in Male Middle- and Long-Distance Runners Routinely Exposed to Oxidative Stress in Japan. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9030037. [PMID: 33802573 PMCID: PMC7998308 DOI: 10.3390/sports9030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidation damages cells and muscles, and thus, causes injuries and fatigue, which negatively affect the conditioning of athletes. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of high-antioxidant fruits (kiwifruit) intake on oxidative stress level (d-ROMs) and antioxidant activity (BAP) in male middle- and long-distance runners routinely exposed to oxidative stress. This study was performed from May to July 2017 (Study 1) and October to December 2018 (Study 2). The subjects in Study 1 were 30 male runners, of which 15 consumed two yellow kiwifruits (Zespri® SunGold Kiwifruit) per day for one month of the survey period (Intake group). The subjects of Study 2 were 20 male runners who had high d-ROMs from preliminary testing. These runners consumed two yellow kiwifruits (Zespri® SunGold Kiwifruit) per day for two months. d-ROMs and BAP were measured using a free radical analyzer. In study 1, the d-ROMs decreased while the potential antioxidant capacity (BAP/d-ROMs ratio) increased in the Intake group. In study 2, BAP/d-ROMs ratio was higher after one and two months compared to that at pre-intervention. Study findings suggested that consumption of kiwifruits may reduce oxidative stress levels and increase antioxidant activity, resulting in improved potential antioxidant capacity.
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Effect of Different Exercise Modalities on Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1947928. [PMID: 33628774 PMCID: PMC7892233 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1947928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced benefits are being increasingly recognized in promoting health and preventing diseases. However, initial adaption to exercise response can have different effects on cells, including an increase in the formation of oxidants and inflammatory mediators that ultimately leads to oxidative stress, but this scenario depends on the exercise type and intensity and training status of the individual. Therefore, we aimed to understand the effect of different types of exercise on oxidative stress. Indeed, exercise-induced minimum oxidative stress is required for regulating signaling pathways. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, a search for relevant articles was carried out on PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar using a broad range of synonyms such as oxidants, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, exercise, physical training, aerobic exercise, and strength exercise until 2019. This study selected a total of 18 articles for assessing the oxidative damage using various parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO), and F1-isoprostanes and enzymatic antioxidants. We observed that any type of exercise can increase the oxidative damage in an exercise type and intensity manner. Further, the training status of the individual and specific oxidative damage marker plays a crucial role in predicting earlier oxidative damage in the exercise condition. However, some of the studies that we included for review did not perform follow-up evaluations. Therefore, follow-up programs using larger numbers need to be performed to confirm our findings.
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Thirupathi A, Pinho RA, Ugbolue UC, He Y, Meng Y, Gu Y. Effect of Running Exercise on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 11:610112. [PMID: 33551836 PMCID: PMC7854914 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.610112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise induced health benefits are limited by the overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS and further oxidative stress could potentially induce muscle damage which could result in poor exercise performance. However, predicting ROS induced oxidative stress in response to endurance training has several limitations in terms of selecting biomarkers that are used to measure oxidative stress. Objective: The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the suitable biomarkers that predict oxidative stress status among runners. Methods: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, a search for relevant articles was carried out on PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar using related search terms such as oxidative damage, ROS, exercise, physical training, running, marathon, and ultramarathon. Results: Outcomes included (1) running programs like a half-marathon, ultramarathon, and iron-man race, (2) measuring biochemical assessment of oxidative damage markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), and F1-isoprostones, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants level. Conclusions: This study concluded that a running exercise does not elicit a response to specific biomarkers of oxidative stress, instead, oxidative damage markers of lipids, proteins, and various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants are expressed according to the training status of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ukadike C Ugbolue
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Yuhuan He
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yao Meng
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Rahimi G, Heydari S, Rahimi B, Abedpoor N, Niktab I, Safaeinejad Z, Peymani M, Seyed Forootan F, Derakhshan Z, Esfahani MHN, Ghaedi K. A combination of herbal compound (SPTC) along with exercise or metformin more efficiently alleviated diabetic complications through down-regulation of stress oxidative pathway upon activating Nrf2-Keap1 axis in AGE rich diet-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:14. [PMID: 33468193 PMCID: PMC7816367 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SPTC is a mix of four herbal components (Salvia officinalis, Panax ginseng, Trigonella foenum-graeceum, and Cinnamomum zeylanicum) which might be prevented the development of AGE rich diet-induced diabetic complication and liver injury through activated the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related-factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway. Nrf2, as a master regulator of antioxidant response elements by activating cytoprotective genes expression, is decreased oxidative stress that associated with hyperglycemia and increases insulin sensitivity. the aim of this study was to assess whether the combination therapy of SPTC along with exercise or metformin moderate oxidative stress related liver injurie with more favorable effects in the treatment of AGE rich diet-induced type 2 diabetic mice. METHODS We induced diabetes in C57BL/6 mice by AGE using a diet supplementation and limitation of physical activity. After 16 weeks of intervention, AGE fed mice were compared to control mice. Diabetic mice were assigned into seven experimental groups (each group; n = 5): diabetic mice, diabetic mice treated with SPTC (130 mg/kg), diabetic mice treated with Salvia Officinalis (65 mg/kg), diabetic mice treated with metformin (300 mg/kg), diabetic mice with endurance exercise training, diabetic mice treated with SPTC + metformin (130/300 mg/kg), diabetic mice treated with SPTC + exercise training. RESULTS SPTC + exercise and SPTC + metformin reduced diabetic complications like gain weight, water and calorie intake, blood glucose, insulin, and GLUT4 content more efficiently than each treatment. These combinations improved oxidative stress hemostasis by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and attenuating keap1 protein more significantly. CONCLUSION Eventually, combined treatment of SPTC with exercise or metformin as a novel approach had more beneficial effects to prevent the development of diabetes and oxidative stress associated with hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golbarg Rahimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Azadi Sq., Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
| | - Salime Heydari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Azadi Sq., Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
| | - Bahareh Rahimi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Azadi Sq., Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan Street, Salman Street, Isfahan, 816513-1378 Iran
| | - Iman Niktab
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan Street, Salman Street, Isfahan, 816513-1378 Iran
| | - Zahra Safaeinejad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan Street, Salman Street, Isfahan, 816513-1378 Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Derakhshan
- Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan Street, Salman Street, Isfahan, 816513-1378 Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Azadi Sq., Isfahan, 81746-73441 Iran
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Kawamura A, Aoi W, Abe R, Kobayashi Y, Kuwahata M, Higashi A. Astaxanthin-, β-Carotene-, and Resveratrol-Rich Foods Support Resistance Training-Induced Adaptation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010113. [PMID: 33466842 PMCID: PMC7830030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance training adaptively increases the muscle strength associated with protein anabolism. Previously, we showed that the combined intake of astaxanthin, β-carotene, and resveratrol can accelerate protein anabolism in the skeletal muscle of mice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of anabolic nutrient-rich foods on muscle adaptation induced by resistance training. Twenty-six healthy men were divided into control and intervention groups. All participants underwent a resistance training program twice a week for 10 weeks. Astaxanthin-, β-carotene-, and resveratrol-rich foods were provided to the intervention group. Body composition, nutrient intake, maximal voluntary contraction of leg extension, oxygen consumption, and serum carbonylated protein level were measured before and after training. The skeletal muscle mass was higher after training than before training in both groups (p < 0.05). Maximal voluntary contraction was increased after training in the intervention group (p < 0.05), but not significantly increased in the control group. Resting oxygen consumption was higher after training in the intervention group only (p < 0.05). As an oxidative stress marker, serum carbonylated protein level tended to be lower immediately after exercise than before exercise in the intervention group only (p = 0.056). Intake of astaxanthin-, β-carotene-, and resveratrol-rich foods supported resistance training-induced strength and metabolic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Kawamura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 6068522, Japan; (A.K.); (R.A.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.)
- Sports Science Research Promotion Center, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 1588508, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 6068522, Japan; (A.K.); (R.A.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-703-5417
| | - Ryo Abe
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 6068522, Japan; (A.K.); (R.A.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.)
- Department of Nutrition Management, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama 6418510, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kobayashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 6068522, Japan; (A.K.); (R.A.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Masashi Kuwahata
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 6068522, Japan; (A.K.); (R.A.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Akane Higashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 6068522, Japan; (A.K.); (R.A.); (Y.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.)
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Memme JM, Hood DA. Molecular Basis for the Therapeutic Effects of Exercise on Mitochondrial Defects. Front Physiol 2021; 11:615038. [PMID: 33584337 PMCID: PMC7874077 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.615038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is common to many organ system disorders, including skeletal muscle. Aging muscle and diseases of muscle are often accompanied by defective mitochondrial ATP production. This manuscript will focus on the pre-clinical evidence supporting the use of regular exercise to improve defective mitochondrial metabolism and function in skeletal muscle, through the stimulation of mitochondrial turnover. Examples from aging muscle, muscle-specific mutations and cancer cachexia will be discussed. We will also examine the effects of exercise on the important mitochondrial regulators PGC-1α, and Parkin, and summarize the effects of exercise to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g., ROS production, apoptotic susceptibility, cardiolipin synthesis) in muscle pathology. This paper will illustrate the breadth and benefits of exercise to serve as "mitochondrial medicine" with age and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Memme
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A. Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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