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Wu Y, Yao X, Shi X, Xu Z, Ren J, Shi M, Li M, Liu J, Du X. Myeloma extracellular vesicle-derived RAGE increases inflammatory responses and myotube atrophy in multiple myeloma through activation of the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway. Apoptosis 2024; 29:849-864. [PMID: 38117373 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia manifests as muscle atrophy and loss that is complicated with malignancy. This study explored the mechanism of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in multiple myeloma (MM) with sarcopenia. SP2/0 conditioned medium (CM) was collected to isolate SP2/0-EVs. C2C12 cells were incubated with SP2/0 CM or SP2/0-EVs. ROS, TNF-α, IL-6, MuRF1 and MyHC levels were detected by DCF-DA fluorescent probe, ELISA, and Western blot. GW4869 was used to inhibit EV secretion in SP2/0 to confirm its effect on muscle atrophy. Serum was collected from MM patients with or without sarcopenia to detect RAGE mRNA expression. SP2/0 cells were transfected with RAGE siRNA and C2C12 cells were treated with the isolated si-RAGE-EVs or/and TLR4 agonist. SP2/0 tumor-bearing mouse model was established. Healthy mice and SP2/0-tumor bearing mice were treated with SP2/0-EVs or si-RAGE-EVs. SP2/0 CM or SP2/0-EVs stimulated ROS, inflammatory responses, and myotube atrophy in C2C12 cells. GW4869 blocked EV secretion and the effects of SP2/0 CM. RAGE mRNA expression in serum EVs was increased in MM&Sarcopenia patients and RAGE knockdown in SP2/0-EVs partially nullified SP2/0-EVs' effects. SP2/0-EVs activated the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway by translocating RAGE. SP2/0-EVs-derived RAGE elevated ROS production, inflammation, and myotube atrophy in C2C12 cells and caused muscle loss in SP2/0 tumor-bearing mice by activating the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway. SP2/0-EVs partially recapitulated muscle loss in healthy mice. SP2/0-EVs-derived RAGE increased ROS production, inflammation, and myotube atrophy in MM through TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingchen Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjun Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junpeng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinru Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, No.8 Gongti South Rd, Chaoyang District, 100020, Beijing, China.
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Sheridan R, Brennan K, Bazou D, O’Gorman P, Matallanas D, Mc Gee MM. Multiple Myeloma Derived Extracellular Vesicle Uptake by Monocyte Cells Stimulates IL-6 and MMP-9 Secretion and Promotes Cancer Cell Migration and Proliferation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1011. [PMID: 38473370 PMCID: PMC10930391 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable haematological malignancy caused by uncontrolled growth of plasma cells. MM pathogenesis is attributed to crosstalk between plasma cells and the bone marrow microenvironment, where extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role. In this study, EVs secreted from a panel of MM cell lines were isolated from conditioned media by ultracentrifugation and fluorescently stained EVs were co-cultured with THP-1 monocyte cells. MM EVs from three cell lines displayed a differential yet dose-dependent uptake by THP-1 cells, with H929 EVs displaying the greatest EV uptake compared to MM.1s and U266 EVs suggesting that uptake efficiency is dependent on the cell line of origin. Furthermore, MM EVs increased the secretion of MMP-9 and IL-6 from monocytes, with H929 EVs inducing the greatest effect, consistent with the greatest uptake efficiency. Moreover, monocyte-conditioned media collected following H929 EV uptake significantly increased the migration and proliferation of MM cells. Finally, EV proteome analysis revealed differential cargo enrichment that correlates with disease progression including a significant enrichment of spliceosome-related proteins in H929 EVs compared to the U266 and MM.1s EVs. Overall, this study demonstrates that MM-derived EVs modulate monocyte function to promote tumour growth and metastasis and reveals possible molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sheridan
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland (K.B.)
| | - Kieran Brennan
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland (K.B.)
| | - Despina Bazou
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (D.B.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter O’Gorman
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (D.B.)
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Margaret M. Mc Gee
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland (K.B.)
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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Ding B, Chen Q, Wu Z, Li X, Ding Y, Wu Q, Han L, Wu H. In Vitro and In Vivo Analyses Reveal Tumor-Derived Exosome miR-558 Promotes Angiogenesis in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting Heparinase. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338241261615. [PMID: 38887096 PMCID: PMC11185026 DOI: 10.1177/15330338241261615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-558 in tumor angiogenesis by targeting heparinase (HPSE) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC)-derived exosomes. In the present study, the role of exosome miR-558 in angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo was investigated by cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, subcutaneous tumor formation in mice, and in vivo Matrigel plug assay. The target genes of miR-558 were detected by means of dual luciferase assay. It was found that TSCC cells secrete miR-558 into the extracellular environment, with exosome as the carrier. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) ingested exosomes, which not only increased the expression level of miR-558, but also enhanced their proliferation, migration, and tube formation functions. In vivo Matrigel plug assay demonstrated that TSCC cell-derived exosome miR-558 promoted neovascularization in vivo. Compared with negative control cells, TSCC cells overexpressing miR-558 formed subcutaneous tumors in nude mice, with larger volume, heavier mass, and more vascularization. Dual luciferase assay confirmed that HPSE was the direct target gene regulated by miR-558. HPSE promoted the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs, and the knockout of HPSE could downregulate the pro-angiogenic effect of miR-558. In summary, miR-558 in TSCC exosomes promotes the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs by targeting HPSE, and enhancing tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixiao Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qingwen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changshu Second People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Lab, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuancheng Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Long S, Long S, He H, Luo L, Liu M, Ding T. Exosomal miR-182 derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells drives carfilzomib resistance of multiple myeloma cells by targeting SOX6. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:937. [PMID: 38062424 PMCID: PMC10702080 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy. Drug resistance remains to be a major clinical challenge in MM therapy. In this study, we aim to investigate the functional roles of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC)-derived exosomal miR-182 on the carfilzomib resistance of MM and its underlying mechanism. METHODS qRT-PCR and Western blot methods were utilized to confirm the gene or protein expressions. CCK-8 and transwell assays were performed to measure the capabilities of proliferation, migration, and invasion. The molecular interactions were validated through ChIP and Dual luciferase assay. RESULTS Our findings indicated that miR-182 expression was upregulated in serum, BMSCs and BMSC-derived exosomes from MM patients. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a key transcriptional factor in tumor microenvironment, could boost miR-182 expression by directly binding to its promoter, thus favoring exosomal secretion. Moreover, exosomal miR-182 from BMSCs could be transferred to MM cells and was able to promote malignant proliferation, metastasis, and invasion, as well as decrease the sensitivity of MM cells against carfilzomib. Additionally, SOX6 was identified as a downstream target of miR-182 in MM cells, and its expression was negatively regulated by miR-182. Rescue experiments proved that loss of SOX6 in MM cells dramatically reversed the promoting roles of BMSC-secreted exosomal miR-182 on proliferation, metastasis, and carfilzomib resistance in MM cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings indicated that exosomal miR-182 derived from BMSCs contributed to the metastasis and carfilzomib resistance of MM cells by targeting SOX6. This study sheds light on the pathogenesis of the BMSC-derived exosome containing miR-182 in the malignant behaviors of MM cells and carfzomib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Long
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, No. 110, Jinggangshan Avenue, Jizhou District, Ji'an, 343000, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengping Long
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, No. 110, Jinggangshan Avenue, Jizhou District, Ji'an, 343000, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglei He
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, No. 110, Jinggangshan Avenue, Jizhou District, Ji'an, 343000, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, No. 110, Jinggangshan Avenue, Jizhou District, Ji'an, 343000, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, No. 110, Jinggangshan Avenue, Jizhou District, Ji'an, 343000, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ding
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, No. 110, Jinggangshan Avenue, Jizhou District, Ji'an, 343000, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Van Morckhoven D, Dubois N, Bron D, Meuleman N, Lagneaux L, Stamatopoulos B. Extracellular vesicles in hematological malignancies: EV-dence for reshaping the tumoral microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1265969. [PMID: 37822925 PMCID: PMC10562589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Following their discovery at the end of the 20th century, extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 50-1,000 nm have proven to be paramount in the progression of many cancers, including hematological malignancies. EVs are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures that include small EVs (commonly called exosomes) and large EVs (microparticles). They have been demonstrated to participate in multiple physiological and pathological processes by allowing exchange of biological material (including among others proteins, DNA and RNA) between cells. They are therefore a crucial way of intercellular communication. In this context, malignant cells can release these extracellular vesicles that can influence their microenvironment, induce the formation of a tumorigenic niche, and prepare and establish distant niches facilitating metastasis by significantly impacting the phenotypes of surrounding cells and turning them toward supportive roles. In addition, EVs are also able to manipulate the immune response and to establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment. This in turn allows for ideal conditions for heightened chemoresistance and increased disease burden. Here, we review the latest findings and reports studying the effects and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in various hematological malignancies. The study of extracellular vesicles remains in its infancy; however, rapid advances in the analysis of these vesicles in the context of disease allow us to envision prospects to improve the detection and treatment of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Morckhoven
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathan Dubois
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Departement of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Departement of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Basile Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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6
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Molecular Features of the Mesenchymal and Osteoblastic Cells in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415448. [PMID: 36555090 PMCID: PMC9779562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a monoclonal gammopathy characterized by biological heterogeneity and unregulated proliferation of plasma cells (PCs) in bone marrow (BM). MM is a multistep process based on genomic instability, epigenetic dysregulation and a tight cross-talk with the BM microenvironment that plays a pivotal role supporting the proliferation, survival, drug-resistance and homing of PCs. The BM microenvironment consists of a hematopoietic and a non-hematopoietic compartment, which cooperate to create a tumor environment. Among the non-hematopoietic component, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts (OBs) appear transcriptionally and functionally different in MM patients compared to healthy donors (HDs) and to patients with pre-malignant monoclonal gammopathies. Alterations of both MSCs and OBs underly the osteolytic lesions that characterize myeloma-associated bone disease. In this review, we will discuss the different characteristics of MSCs and OBs in MM patients, analyzing the transcriptome, the deregulated molecular pathways and the role performed by miRNAs and exosome in the pathophysiology of MM.
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Iskrzak J, Zygmunciak P, Misiewicz-Krzemińska I, Puła B. Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Myeloma-Cracking the Code to a Better Understanding of the Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225575. [PMID: 36428668 PMCID: PMC9688731 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell-derived malignancy that stands for around 1.5% of newly discovered cancer cases. Despite constantly improving treatment methods, the disease is incurable with over 13,000 deaths in the US and over 30,000 in Europe. Recent studies suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs) might play a significant role in the pathogenesis and evolution of MM. Further investigation of their role could prove to be beneficial in establishing new therapies and hence, improve the prognosis of MM patients. What is more, EVs might serve as novel markers in diagnosing and monitoring the disease. Great advancements concerning the position of EVs in the pathophysiology of MM have recently been shown in research and in this review, we would like to delve into the still expanding state of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Iskrzak
- Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indira Gandhi Str. 14, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Zygmunciak
- Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indira Gandhi Str. 14, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Misiewicz-Krzemińska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Chocimska Str. 5, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Puła
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indira Gandhi Str. 14, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-223-496-302; Fax: +48-223-496-335
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Bergantim R, Peixoto da Silva S, Polónia B, Barbosa MAG, Albergaria A, Lima J, Caires HR, Guimarães JE, Vasconcelos MH. Detection of Measurable Residual Disease Biomarkers in Extracellular Vesicles from Liquid Biopsies of Multiple Myeloma Patients-A Proof of Concept. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213686. [PMID: 36430163 PMCID: PMC9690807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring measurable residual disease (MRD) is crucial to assess treatment response in Multiple Myeloma (MM). Detection of MRD in peripheral blood (PB) by exploring Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), and their cargo, would allow frequent and minimally invasive monitoring of MM. This work aims to detect biomarkers of MRD in EVs isolated from MM patient samples at diagnosis and remission and compare the MRD-associated content between BM and PB EVs. EVs were isolated by size-exclusion chromatography, concentrated by ultrafiltration, and characterized according to their size and concentration, morphology, protein concentration, and the presence of EV-associated protein markers. EVs from healthy blood donors were used as controls. It was possible to isolate EVs from PB and BM carrying MM markers. Diagnostic samples had different levels of MM markers between PB and BM paired samples, but no differences between PB and BM were found at remission. EVs concentration was lower in the PB of healthy controls than of patients, and MM markers were mostly not detected in EVs from controls. This study pinpoints the potential of PB EVs from MM remission patients as a source of MM biomarkers and as a non-invasive approach for monitoring MRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Bergantim
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, Hospital Center of São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, FMUP—Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Peixoto da Silva
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Polónia
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mélanie A. G. Barbosa
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - André Albergaria
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Research Innovation Unit, Translational Research & Industry Partnerships Office, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lima
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Research Innovation Unit, Translational Research & Industry Partnerships Office, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R. Caires
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José E. Guimarães
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, Hospital Center of São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, FMUP—Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário IUCSESPU, 4585-116 Gandra-Paredes, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.E.G.); (M.H.V.); Tel.: +351-225-570-772 (J.E.G. & M.H.V.)
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.E.G.); (M.H.V.); Tel.: +351-225-570-772 (J.E.G. & M.H.V.)
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Comparative Analysis of Natural and Cytochalasin B-Induced Membrane Vesicles from Tumor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5363-5378. [DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there are numerous protocols for the isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Depending on the isolation method, it is possible to obtain vesicles with different characteristics, enriched with specific groups of proteins, DNA and RNA, which affect similar types of cells in the opposite way. Therefore, it is important to study and compare methods of vesicle isolation. Moreover, the differences between the EVs derived from tumor and mesenchymal stem cells are still poorly understood. This article compares EVs from human glioblastoma cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained by two different methods, ultracentrifugation and cytochalasin B-mediated induction. The size of the vesicles, the presence of the main EV markers, the presence of nuclear and mitochondrial components, and the molecular composition of the vesicles were determined. It has been shown that EVs obtained by both ultracentrifugation and cytochalasin B treatment have similar features, contain particles of endogenous and membrane origin and can interact with monolayer cultures of tumor cells.
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Lopes R, Caetano J, Barahona F, Pestana C, Ferreira BV, Lourenço D, Queirós AC, Bilreiro C, Shemesh N, Beck HC, Carvalho AS, Matthiesen R, Bogen B, Costa-Silva B, Serre K, Carneiro EA, João C. Multiple Myeloma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate the Bone Marrow Immune Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909880. [PMID: 35874665 PMCID: PMC9302002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), the third most frequent hematological cancer worldwide, is characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). One of the hallmarks of MM is a permissive BM microenvironment. Increasing evidence suggests that cell-to-cell communication between myeloma and immune cells via tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of MM. Hence, we aimed to explore BM immune alterations induced by MM-derived EV. For this, we inoculated immunocompetent BALB/cByJ mice with a myeloma cell line, MOPC315.BM, inducing a MM phenotype. Upon tumor establishment, characterization of the BM microenvironment revealed the expression of both activation and suppressive markers by lymphocytes, such as granzyme B and PD-1, respectively. In addition, conditioning of the animals with MOPC315.BM-derived EV, before transplantation of the MOPC315.BM tumor cells, did not anticipate the disease phenotype. However, it induced features of suppression in the BM milieu, such as an increase in PD-1 expression by CD4+ T cells. Overall, our findings reveal the involvement of MOPC315.BM-derived EV protein content as promoters of immune niche remodeling, strengthening the importance of assessing the mechanisms by which MM may impact the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Lopes
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Caetano
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Hemato-Oncology Department, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Barahona
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Pestana
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre of Statistics and Its Applications, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruna Velosa Ferreira
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Hemato-Oncology Department, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Lourenço
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Queirós
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Bilreiro
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Lisbon, Portugal
- Neural Plasticity and Neural Activity Laboratory, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Radiology Department, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Noam Shemesh
- Neural Plasticity and Neural Activity Laboratory, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hans Christian Beck
- Centre for Clinical Proteomics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ana Sofia Carvalho
- Computational and Experimental Biology, Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CEDOC); NOVA Medical School (NMS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rune Matthiesen
- Computational and Experimental Biology, Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CEDOC); NOVA Medical School (NMS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Systems Oncology, Champalimaud Physiology and Cancer Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Karine Serre
- Molecular Medicine Institute-Laço Hub, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emilie Arnault Carneiro
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina João
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Hemato-Oncology Department, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Cristina João,
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11
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Forster S, Radpour R. Molecular Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment on Multiple Myeloma Dissemination and Extramedullary Disease. Front Oncol 2022; 12:941437. [PMID: 35847862 PMCID: PMC9284036 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.941437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common malignant monoclonal disease of plasma cells. Aside from classical chemotherapy and glucocorticoids, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents and monoclonal antibodies are used in the current treatment scheme of MM. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a fundamental role in the development and progression of numerous solid and non-solid cancer entities. In MM, the survival and expansion of malignant plasma cell clones heavily depends on various direct and indirect signaling pathways provided by the surrounding bone marrow (BM) niche. In a number of MM patients, single plasma cell clones lose their BM dependency and are capable to engraft at distant body sites or organs. The resulting condition is defined as an extramedullary myeloma (EMM). EMMs are highly aggressive disease stages linked to a dismal prognosis. Emerging literature demonstrates that the dynamic interactions between the TME and malignant plasma cells affect myeloma dissemination. In this review, we aim to summarize how the cellular and non-cellular BM compartments can promote plasma cells to exit their BM niche and metastasize to distant intra-or extramedullary locations. In addition, we list selected therapy concepts that directly target the TME with the potential to prevent myeloma spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Forster
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Ramin Radpour,
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12
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Gilazieva Z, Ponomarev A, Rizvanov A, Solovyeva V. The Dual Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles in Carcinogenesis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060813. [PMID: 35741334 PMCID: PMC9220333 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane structures that play the role of intermediaries between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) because they have the ability to transport lipids, transcription factors, mRNA, and proteins. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major component of the TME and may have different effects on tumor progression using EVs. This review includes information about various studies which have reported that EVs from MSCs can have either antitumor or pro-tumor effects, depending on both the tumor type and developmental stage. It provides an overview of the published data on EV MSCs and their effect on tumor cells. In addition, the use of EV MSCs for the development of new methods for treating oncological diseases is described. Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play an important role in tumor progression. MSCs remodel the extracellular matrix, participate in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, promote the spread of metastases, and inhibit antitumor immune responses in the TME; however, there are also data pertaining to the antitumor effects of MSCs. MSCs activate the cell death mechanism by modulating the expression of proteins involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, angiogenesis receptors, and proapoptotic proteins. One of the main ways in which MSCs and TME interact is through the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by cells. Currently, data on the effects of both MSCs and their EVs on tumor cells are rather contradictory. Various studies have reported that EVs from MSCs can have either antitumor or pro-tumor effects, depending on both the tumor type and developmental stage. In this review, we discuss published data on EV MSCs and their effect on tumor cells. The molecular composition of vesicles obtained from MSCs is also presented in the review. In addition, the use of EV MSCs for the development of new methods for treating oncological diseases is described.
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Kim BG, Choi SH, Letterio JJ, Song JY, Huang AY. Overexpression of VEGF in the MOPC 315 Plasmacytoma Induces Tumor Immunity in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5235. [PMID: 35563626 PMCID: PMC9104487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has important effects on hematopoietic and immune cells. A link between VEGF expression, tumor progression, and metastasis has been established in various solid tumors; however, the impact of VEGF expression by hematopoietic neoplasias remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of VEGF in plasma cell neoplasia. Overexpression of VEGF in MOPC 315 tumor cells (MOPCSVm) had no effect on their growth in vitro. However, constitutive ectopic expression of VEGF dramatically reduced tumorigenicity of MOPC 315 when implanted subcutaneously into BALB/c mice. Mice implanted with MOPCSVm effectively rejected tumor grafts and showed strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity against parental MOPC 315 cells. MOPCSVm implants were not rejected in nude mice, suggesting the process is T-cell-dependent. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from recipients inoculated with MOPCSVm cells conferred immunity to naïve BALB/c mice, and mice surviving inoculation with MOPCSVm rejected the parental MOPC 315 tumor cells following a second inoculation. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that MOPCSVm induced a massive infiltration of CD3+ cells and MHC class II+ cells in vivo. In addition, exogenous VEGF induced the expression of CCR3 in T cells in vitro. Together, these data are the first to demonstrate that overexpression of VEGF in plasmacytoma inhibits tumor growth and enhances T-cell-mediated antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Gyu Kim
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.H.C.); (J.J.L.); (A.Y.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.H.C.); (J.J.L.); (A.Y.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - John J. Letterio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.H.C.); (J.J.L.); (A.Y.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Center for Pediatric Immunotherapy, Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Division of Applied Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea;
| | - Alex Y. Huang
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.H.C.); (J.J.L.); (A.Y.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Center for Pediatric Immunotherapy, Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Laurenzana I, Trino S, Lamorte D, De Stradis A, Santodirocco M, Sgambato A, De Luca L, Caivano A. Multiple Myeloma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Impair Normal Hematopoiesis by Acting on Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:793040. [PMID: 34977093 PMCID: PMC8716627 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.793040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells (PCs) in bone marrow (BM). MM-PCs progressively occupy and likely alter BM niches where reside hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) whose viability, self-renewal, proliferation, commitment, and differentiation are essential for normal hematopoiesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles released by normal and neoplastic cells, such as MM cells. They are important cell-to-cell communicators able to modify the phenotype, genotype, and the fate of the recipient cells. Investigation of mechanisms and mediators underlying HSPC-MM-PC crosstalk is warranted to better understand the MM hematopoietic impairment and for the identification of novel therapeutic strategies against this incurable malignancy. This study is aimed to evaluate whether EVs released by MM-PCs interact with HSPCs, what effects they exert, and the underlying mechanisms involved. Therefore, we investigated the viability, cell cycle, phenotype, clonogenicity, and microRNA profile of HSPCs exposed to MM cell line-released EVs (MM-EVs). Our data showed that: (i) MM cells released a heterogeneous population of EVs; (ii) MM-EVs caused a dose-dependent reduction of HSPCs viability; (iii) MM-EVs caused a redistribution of the HSPC pool characterized by a significant increase in the frequency of stem and early precursors accompanied by a reduction of late precursor cells, such as common myeloid progenitors (CMPs), megakaryocyte erythroid progenitors (MEPs), B and NK progenitors, and a slight increase of granulocyte macrophage progenitors (GMPs); (iv) MM-EVs caused an increase of stem and early precursors in S phase with a decreased number of cells in G0/G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner; (v) MM-EVs reduced the HSPC colony formation; and (vi) MM-EVs caused an increased expression level of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and activation of miRNAs. In conclusion, MM cells through the release of EVs, by acting directly on normal HSPCs, negatively dysregulate normal hematopoiesis, and this could have important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Daniela Lamorte
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Angelo De Stradis
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Santodirocco
- Trasfusional Medicine Department, Puglia CBB, Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Scientific Direction, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
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Cucchiari D, Tubita V, Rovira J, Ramirez-Bajo MJ, Banon-Maneus E, Lazo-Rodriguez M, Hierro-Garcia N, Borràs FE, Ventura-Aguiar P, Piñeiro GJ, Martorell J, Peri L, Musquera M, Hertig A, Oppenheimer F, Campistol JM, Diekmann F, Revuelta I. B Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reveal Residual B Cell Activity in Kidney Graft Recipients Undergoing Pre-Transplant Desensitization. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:781239. [PMID: 34977082 PMCID: PMC8716735 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.781239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Living-donor kidney transplant (LDKT) recipients undergoing desensitization for Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-incompatibility have a high risk of developing antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). The purpose of the study is to evaluate if residual B cell activity after desensitization could be estimated by the presence of circulating B cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BEVs).Methods: BEVs were isolated by Sepharose-based size exclusion chromatography and defined as CD19+ and HLA-II+ extracellular vesicles. We analyzed stored serum samples from positive crossmatch LDKT recipients before and after desensitization at first post-transplant biopsy and at 12-month protocol biopsy (n = 11). Control groups were formed by hypersensitized patients who were not submitted to desensitization (n = 10) and by low-risk recipients (n = 9). A prospective validation cohort of 11 patients also included the analysis of B cells subpopulations in recipients' blood and lymph nodes recovered upon graft implantation, along with BEVs analysis before and after desensitization.Results: We found out that CD19+ and HLA-II+BEVs dropped significantly after desensitization and relapse in patients who later developed ABMR was evident. We validated these findings in a proof-of-concept prospective cohort of 6 patients who received the same desensitization protocol and also in a control group of 5 LDKT recipients. In these patients, B cell subpopulations were also studied in recipients' blood and lymph nodes that were recovered before the graft implantation. We confirmed the significant drop in BEVs after desensitization and that this paralleled the reduction in CD19+cells in lymph nodes, while in peripheral blood B cells, this change was almost undetectable.Conclusions: BEVs reflected B cell residual activity after desensitization and this could be a valid surrogate of humoral alloreactivity in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cucchiari
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ignacio Revuelta
| | - Valeria Tubita
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Rovira
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J. Ramirez-Bajo
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisenda Banon-Maneus
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Lazo-Rodriguez
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Hierro-Garcia
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc E. Borràs
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, “Germans Trias i Pujol” Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pedro Ventura-Aguiar
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gastón J. Piñeiro
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lluís Peri
- Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Federico Oppenheimer
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M. Campistol
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fritz Diekmann
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Revuelta
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
- David Cucchiari
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Papanota AM, Karousi P, Kontos CK, Artemaki PI, Liacos CI, Papadimitriou MA, Bagratuni T, Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou E, Malandrakis P, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Gavriatopoulou M, Kastritis E, Avgeris M, Dimopoulos MA, Scorilas A, Terpos E. A Cancer-Related microRNA Signature Shows Biomarker Utility in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13144. [PMID: 34884950 PMCID: PMC8658678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, arising from terminally differentiated B cells, namely plasma cells. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that participate in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. In this study, we investigated the role of nine miRNAs in MM. CD138+ plasma cells were selected from bone marrow aspirates from MM and smoldering MM (sMM) patients. Total RNA was extracted and in vitro polyadenylated. Next, first-strand cDNA synthesis was performed using an oligo-dT-adapter primer. For the relative quantification of the investigated miRNAs, an in-house real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was developed. A functional in silico analysis of the miRNAs was also performed. miR-16-5p and miR-155-5p expression was significantly lower in the CD138+ plasma cells of MM patients than in those of sMM patients. Furthermore, lower levels of miR-15a-5p, miR-16-5p, and miR-222-3p were observed in the CD138+ plasma cells of MM patients with osteolytic bone lesions, compared to those without. miR-125b-5p was also overexpressed in the CD138+ plasma cells of MM patients with bone disease that presented with skeletal-related events (SREs). Furthermore, lower levels of miR-223-3p were associated with significantly worse overall survival in MM patients. In conclusion, we propose a miRNA signature with putative clinical utility in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea-Maria Papanota
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.-M.P.); (C.-I.L.); (T.B.); (E.E.-P.); (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Paraskevi Karousi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (C.K.K.); (P.I.A.); (M.-A.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Christos K. Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (C.K.K.); (P.I.A.); (M.-A.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Pinelopi I. Artemaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (C.K.K.); (P.I.A.); (M.-A.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Christine-Ivy Liacos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.-M.P.); (C.-I.L.); (T.B.); (E.E.-P.); (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Maria-Alexandra Papadimitriou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (C.K.K.); (P.I.A.); (M.-A.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Tina Bagratuni
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.-M.P.); (C.-I.L.); (T.B.); (E.E.-P.); (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Evangelos Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.-M.P.); (C.-I.L.); (T.B.); (E.E.-P.); (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Panagiotis Malandrakis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.-M.P.); (C.-I.L.); (T.B.); (E.E.-P.); (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.-M.P.); (C.-I.L.); (T.B.); (E.E.-P.); (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.-M.P.); (C.-I.L.); (T.B.); (E.E.-P.); (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.-M.P.); (C.-I.L.); (T.B.); (E.E.-P.); (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Margaritis Avgeris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (C.K.K.); (P.I.A.); (M.-A.P.); (M.A.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry-Molecular Diagnostics, Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.-M.P.); (C.-I.L.); (T.B.); (E.E.-P.); (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (C.K.K.); (P.I.A.); (M.-A.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (A.-M.P.); (C.-I.L.); (T.B.); (E.E.-P.); (P.M.); (I.N.-S.); (M.G.); (E.K.); (M.-A.D.)
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17
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tRNA Derivatives in Multiple Myeloma: Investigation of the Potential Value of a tRNA-Derived Molecular Signature. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121811. [PMID: 34944627 PMCID: PMC8698603 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy arising from the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells. tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) constitute a class of small non-coding RNAs, deriving from specific enzymatic cleavage of tRNAs. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of few studies to uncover the potential clinical significance of tRFs in MM. Total RNA was extracted from CD138+ plasma cells of MM and smoldering MM patients, and in vitro polyadenylated. First-strand cDNA synthesis was performed, priming from an oligo-dT-adaptor sequence. Next, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were developed for the quantification of six tRFs. Biostatistical analysis was performed to assess the results and in silico analysis was conducted to predict the function of one of the tRFs. Our results showed that elevated levels of five out of six tRFs are indicators of favorable prognosis in MM, predicting prolonged overall survival (OS), while two of them constitute potential molecular biomarkers of favorable prognosis in terms of disease progression. Moreover, three tRFs could be used as surrogate prognostic biomarkers along with the R-ISS staging system to predict OS. In conclusion, tRFs show molecular biomarker utility in MM, while their mechanisms of function merit further investigation.
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Akhmetzyanova I, Aaron T, Galbo P, Tikhonova A, Dolgalev I, Tanaka M, Aifantis I, Zheng D, Zang X, Fooksman D. Tissue-resident macrophages promote early dissemination of multiple myeloma via IL-6 and TNFα. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3592-3608. [PMID: 34550328 PMCID: PMC8945576 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by the presence of multiple foci in the skeleton. These distinct tumor foci represent cycles of tumor growth and dissemination that seed new clusters and drive disease progression. By using an intratibial Vk*MYC murine myeloma model, we found that CD169+ radiation-resistant tissue-resident macrophages (MPs) were critical for early dissemination of myeloma and disease progression. Depletion of these MPs had no effect on tumor proliferation, but it did reduce egress of myeloma from bone marrow (BM) and its spread to other bones. Depletion of MPs as a single therapy and in combination with BM transplantation improved overall survival. Dissemination of myeloma was correlated with an increased inflammatory signature in BM MPs. It was also correlated with the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) by tumor-associated MPs. Exogenous intravenous IL-6 and TNFα can trigger myeloma intravasation in the BM by increasing vascular permeability in the BM and by enhancing the motility of myeloma cells by reducing the adhesion of CD138. Moreover, mice that lacked IL-6 had defects in disseminating myeloma similar to those in MP-depleted recipients. Mice that were deficient in TNFα or TNFα receptor (TNFR) had defects in disseminating MM, and engraftment was also impaired. These effects on dissemination of myeloma required production of cytokines in the radiation-resistant compartment that contained these radiation-resistant BM MPs. Taken together, we propose that egress of myeloma cells from BM is regulated by localized inflammation in foci, driven in part by CD169+ MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tonya Aaron
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Phillip Galbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Anastasia Tikhonova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Masato Tanaka
- School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - David Fooksman
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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19
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Khalife J, Sanchez JF, Pichiorri F. The Emerging Role of Extracellular Vesicle-Associated RNAs in the Multiple Myeloma Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:689538. [PMID: 34235082 PMCID: PMC8255802 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.689538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of terminally differentiated plasma cells (PCs) that develop at multiple sites within the bone marrow (BM). MM is treatable but rarely curable because of the frequent emergence of drug resistance and relapse. Increasing evidence indicates that the BM microenvironment plays a major role in supporting MM-PC survival and resistance to therapy. The BM microenvironment is a complex milieu containing hematopoietic cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, osteoclasts and osteoblasts, all contributing to the pathobiology of MM, including PC proliferation, escape from immune surveillance, angiogenesis and bone disease development. Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogenous lipid structures released by all cell types and mediate local and distal cellular communication. In MM, EVs are key mediators of the cross-talk between PCs and the surrounding microenvironment because of their ability to deliver bioactive cargo molecules such as lipids, mRNAs, non-coding regulatory RNA and proteins. Hence, MM-EVs highly contribute to establish a tumor-supportive BM niche that impacts MM pathogenesis and disease progression. In this review, we will first highlight the effects of RNA-containing, MM-derived EVs on the several cellular compartments within the BM microenvironment that play a role in the different aspects of MM pathology. We will also touch on the prospective use of MM-EV-associated non-coding RNAs as clinical biomarkers in the context of “liquid biopsy” in light of their importance as a promising tool in MM diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Khalife
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - James F Sanchez
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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20
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Srivatsav AT, Kapoor S. The Emerging World of Membrane Vesicles: Functional Relevance, Theranostic Avenues and Tools for Investigating Membrane Function. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:640355. [PMID: 33968983 PMCID: PMC8101706 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.640355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are essential components of cell membranes and govern various membrane functions. Lipid organization within membrane plane dictates recruitment of specific proteins and lipids into distinct nanoclusters that initiate cellular signaling while modulating protein and lipid functions. In addition, one of the most versatile function of lipids is the formation of diverse lipid membrane vesicles for regulating various cellular processes including intracellular trafficking of molecular cargo. In this review, we focus on the various kinds of membrane vesicles in eukaryotes and bacteria, their biogenesis, and their multifaceted functional roles in cellular communication, host-pathogen interactions and biotechnological applications. We elaborate on how their distinct lipid composition of membrane vesicles compared to parent cells enables early and non-invasive diagnosis of cancer and tuberculosis, while inspiring vaccine development and drug delivery platforms. Finally, we discuss the use of membrane vesicles as excellent tools for investigating membrane lateral organization and protein sorting, which is otherwise challenging but extremely crucial for normal cellular functioning. We present current limitations in this field and how the same could be addressed to propel a fundamental and technology-oriented future for extracellular membrane vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin T. Srivatsav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Wadhwani Research Center of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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21
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Giannandrea D, Citro V, Lesma E, Bignotto M, Platonova N, Chiaramonte R. Restoring Tissue Homeostasis at Metastatic Sites: A Focus on Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:644109. [PMID: 33869035 PMCID: PMC8044846 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.644109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is the most common site of cancer metastasis and the spread of cancer cells to the bone is associated with poor prognosis, pain, increased risk of fractures, and hypercalcemia. The bone marrow microenvironment is an attractive place for tumor dissemination, due to the dynamic network of non-malignant cells. In particular, the alteration of the bone homeostasis favors the tumor homing and the consequent osteolytic or osteoblastic lesions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are reported to be involved in the metastatic process, promoting tumor invasion, escape from immune surveillance, extravasation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and metastasis, but the role of EVs in bone metastases is still unclear. Current results suggest the ability of tumor derived EVs in promoting bone localization and metastasis formation, altering the physiological balance between bone destruction and new bone depositions. Moreover, EVs from the bone marrow niche may support the onset of tumor metastasis. This review summarizes recent findings on the role of EVs in the pathological alterations of homeostasis that occur during bone metastasis to show novel potential EV-based therapeutic options to inhibit metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Citro
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Lesma
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Bignotto
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Natalia Platonova
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported an inverse correlation between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, and increasing evidence shows that similar genes and pathways are dysregulated in both diseases but in a contrasting manner. Given the genetic convergence of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), a family of rare neurodegenerative disorders commonly known as Batten disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases, we sought to explore the relationship between cancer and the NCLs. In this review, we survey data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and available literature on the roles of NCL genes in different oncogenic processes to reveal links between all the NCL genes and cancer-related processes. We also discuss the potential contributions of NCL genes to cancer immunology. Based on our findings, we propose that further research on the relationship between cancer and the NCLs may help shed light on the roles of NCL genes in both diseases and possibly guide therapy development.
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Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease: Implication of MicroRNAs in Its Molecular Background. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052375. [PMID: 33673480 PMCID: PMC7956742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy arising from terminally differentiated plasma cells. In the majority of cases, symptomatic disease is characterized by the presence of bone disease. Multiple myeloma bone disease (MMBD) is a result of an imbalance in the bone-remodeling process that leads to increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity. The molecular background of MMBD appears intriguingly complex, as several signaling pathways and cell-to-cell interactions are implicated in the pathophysiology of MMBD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the expression of their target mRNAs. Numerous miRNAs have been witnessed to be involved in cancer and hematological malignancies and their role has been characterized either as oncogenic or oncosuppressive. Recently, scientific research turned towards miRNAs as regulators of MMBD. Scientific data support that miRNAs finely regulate the majority of the signaling pathways implicated in MMBD. In this review, we provide concise information regarding the molecular pathways with a significant role in MMBD and the miRNAs implicated in their regulation. Moreover, we discuss their utility as molecular biomarkers and highlight the putative usage of miRNAs as novel molecular targets for targeted therapy in MMBD.
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Potential Role of microRNAs in inducing Drug Resistance in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020448. [PMID: 33672466 PMCID: PMC7923438 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for newly diagnosed subjects with multiple myeloma (MM) has significantly progressed in recent years. However, most MM patients relapse and after several salvage therapies, the onset of multidrug resistance provokes the occurrence of a refractory disease. A continuous and bidirectional exchange of information takes place between the cells of the microenvironment and neoplastic cells to solicit the demands of cancer cells. Among the molecules serving as messengers, there are microRNAs (miRNA), a family of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Numerous miRNAs are associated with drug resistance, also in MM, and the modulation of their expression or activity might be explored to reverse it. In this review we report the most recent studies concerning the relationship between miRNAs and chemoresistance to the most frequently used drugs, such as proteasome inhibitors, steroids, alkylating agents and immunomodulators. The experimental use of antagomirs or miRNA mimics have successfully been proven to counteract chemoresistance and display synergistic effects with antimyeloma drugs which could represent a fundamental moment to overcome resistance in MM treatment.
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25
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs): What we know of the mesmerizing roles of these tiny vesicles in hematological malignancies? Life Sci 2021; 271:119177. [PMID: 33577843 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease in which a bidirectional collaboration between malignant cells and surrounding microenvironment creates an appropriate platform which ultimately facilitates the progression of the disease. The discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) was a turning point in the modern era of cancer biology, as their importance in human malignancies has set the stage to widen research interest in the field of cell-to-cell communication. The implication in short- and long-distance interaction via horizontally transfer of cellular components, ranging from non-coding RNAs to functional proteins, as well as stimulating target cells receptors by the means of ligands anchored on their membrane endows these "tiny vesicles with giant impacts" with incredible potential to re-educate normal tissues, and thus, to re-shape the surrounding niche. In this review, we highlight the pathogenic roles of EVs in human cancers, with an extensive focus on the recent advances in hematological malignancies.
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26
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Ozensoy Guler O, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Carbonic anhydrase IX as a novel candidate in liquid biopsy. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:255-260. [PMID: 31790601 PMCID: PMC6896409 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1697251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the diagnostic techniques for the identification of tumour biomarkers, the liquid biopsy is considered one that offers future research on precision diagnosis and treatment of tumours in a non-invasive manner. The approach consists of isolating tumor-derived components, such as circulating tumour cells (CTC), tumour cell-free DNA (ctDNA), and extracellular vesicles (EVs), from the patient peripheral blood fluids. These elements constitute a source of genomic and proteomic information for cancer treatment. Within the tumour-derived components of the body fluids, the enzyme indicated with the acronym CA IX and belonging to the superfamily of carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) is a promising aspirant for checking tumours. CA IX is a transmembrane-CA isoform that is strongly overexpressed in many cancers being not much diffused in healthy tissues except the gastrointestinal tract. Here, it is summarised the role of CA IX as tumour-associated protein and its putative relationship in liquid biopsyfor diagnosing and monitoring cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozen Ozensoy Guler
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Claudiu. T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy
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27
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Cavallari C, Camussi G, Brizzi MF. Extracellular Vesicles in the Tumour Microenvironment: Eclectic Supervisors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6768. [PMID: 32942702 PMCID: PMC7555174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell survival and growth by providing inhibitory or stimulatory signals. Extracellular vesicles (EV) represent one of the most relevant cell-to-cell communication mechanism among cells within the TME. Moreover, EV contribute to the crosstalk among cancerous, immune, endothelial, and stromal cells to establish TME diversity. EV contain proteins, mRNAs and miRNAs, which can be locally delivered in the TME and/or transferred to remote sites to dictate tumour behaviour. EV in the TME impact on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, immune-escape, pre-metastatic niche formation and the stimulation of angiogenesis. Moreover, EV can boost or inhibit tumours depending on the TME conditions and their cell of origin. Therefore, to move towards the identification of new targets and the development of a novel generation of EV-based targeting approaches to gain insight into EV mechanism of action in the TME would be of particular relevance. The aim here is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of EV released from different TME cellular components and their role in driving TME diversity. Moreover, recent proposed engineering approaches to targeting cells in the TME via EV are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
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28
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Ahrens TD, Bang-Christensen SR, Jørgensen AM, Løppke C, Spliid CB, Sand NT, Clausen TM, Salanti A, Agerbæk MØ. The Role of Proteoglycans in Cancer Metastasis and Circulating Tumor Cell Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:749. [PMID: 32984308 PMCID: PMC7479181 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are accessible by liquid biopsies via an easy blood draw. They represent not only the primary tumor site, but also potential metastatic lesions, and could thus be an attractive supplement for cancer diagnostics. However, the analysis of rare CTCs in billions of normal blood cells is still technically challenging and novel specific CTC markers are needed. The formation of metastasis is a complex process supported by numerous molecular alterations, and thus novel CTC markers might be found by focusing on this process. One example of this is specific changes in the cancer cell glycocalyx, which is a network on the cell surface composed of carbohydrate structures. Proteoglycans are important glycocalyx components and consist of a protein core and covalently attached long glycosaminoglycan chains. A few CTC assays have already utilized proteoglycans for both enrichment and analysis of CTCs. Nonetheless, the biological function of proteoglycans on clinical CTCs has not been studied in detail so far. Therefore, the present review describes proteoglycan functions during the metastatic cascade to highlight their importance to CTCs. We also outline current approaches for CTC assays based on targeting proteoglycans by their protein cores or their glycosaminoglycan chains. Lastly, we briefly discuss important technical aspects, which should be considered for studying proteoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa D Ahrens
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara R Bang-Christensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VarCT Diagnostics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Caroline Løppke
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte B Spliid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicolai T Sand
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Clausen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Ø Agerbæk
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VarCT Diagnostics, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhao Y, Jia L, Zheng Y, Li W. Involvement of Noncoding RNAs in the Differentiation of Osteoclasts. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:4813140. [PMID: 32908541 PMCID: PMC7468661 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4813140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most important bone-resorbing cells, osteoclasts play fundamental roles in bone remodeling and skeletal health. Much effort has been focused on identifying the regulators of osteoclast metabolism. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) reportedly regulate osteoclast formation, differentiation, survival, and bone-resorbing activity to participate in bone physiology and pathology. The present review intends to provide a general framework for how ncRNAs and their targets regulate osteoclast differentiation and the important events of osteoclastogenesis they are involved in, including osteoclast precursor generation, early differentiation, mononuclear osteoclast fusion, and multinucleated osteoclast function and survival. This framework is beneficial for understanding bone biology and for identifying the potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets of bone diseases. The review also summarizes the results of in vivo experiments and classic experiment methods for osteoclast-related researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lingfei Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Multiple Myeloma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induce Osteoclastogenesis through the Activation of the XBP1/IRE1α Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082167. [PMID: 32759820 PMCID: PMC7465175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone disease severely affects the quality of life of over 70% of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, which daily experience pain, pathological fractures, mobility issues and an increased mortality. Recent data have highlighted the crucial role of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated unfolded protein response (UPR) in malignant transformation and tumor progression; therefore, targeting of UPR-related molecules may open novel therapeutic avenues. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and UPR pathways are constitutively activated in MM cells, which are characterized by an increased protein turnover as a consequence of high production of immunoglobulins and high rates of protein synthesis. A great deal of scientific data also evidenced that a mild activation of UPR pathway can regulate cellular differentiation. Our previous studies revealed that MM cell-derived small extracellular vesicle (MM-EV) modulated osteoclasts (OCs) function and induced OCs differentiation. Here, we investigated the role of the UPR pathway, and in particular of the IRE1α/XBP1 axis, in osteoclastogenesis induced by MM-EVs. By proteomic analysis, we identified UPR signaling molecules as novel MM-EV cargo, prompting us to evaluate the effects of the MM-EVs on osteoclastogenesis through UPR pathway. MM-EVs administration in a murine macrophage cell line rapidly induced activation of IRE1α by phosphorylation in S724; accordingly, Xbp1 mRNA splicing was increased and the transcription of NFATc1, a master transcription factor for OCs differentiation, was activated. Some of these results were also validated using both human primary OC cultures and MM-EVs from MM patients. Notably, a chemical inhibitor of IRE1α (GSK2850163) counteracted MM-EV-triggered OC differentiation, hampering the terminal stages of OCs differentiation and reducing bone resorption.
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Ribeiro P, Leitão L, Monteiro AC, Bortolin A, Moura B, Lamghari M, Neto E. Microfluidic-based models to address the bone marrow metastatic niche complexity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:27-36. [PMID: 32513499 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is a preferential metastatic site for solid cancers, contributing to higher morbidity and mortality among millions of oncologic patients worldwide. There are no current efficient therapies to minimize this health burden. Microfluidic based in vitro models emerge as powerful alternatives to animal testing, as well as promising tools for the development of personalized medicine solutions. The complexity associated with the BM metastatic niche originated a wide variety of microfluidic platforms designed to mimic this microenvironment. This review gathers the essential parameters to design an accurate in vitro microfluidic device, based on a comparative analysis of existing models created to address the different steps of the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Ribeiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Leitão
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C Monteiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrea Bortolin
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Moura
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Estrela Neto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Associação (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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Tamura H, Ishibashi M, Sunakawa-Kii M, Inokuchi K. PD-L1-PD-1 Pathway in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E924. [PMID: 32290052 PMCID: PMC7226506 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 expressed on tumor cells contributes to disease progression with evasion from tumor immunity. Plasma cells from multiple myeloma (MM) patients expressed higher levels of PD-L1 compared with healthy volunteers and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) patients, and its expression is significantly upregulated in relapsed/refractory patients. Furthermore, high PD-L1 expression is induced by the myeloma microenvironment and PD-L1+ patients with MGUS and asymptomatic MM tend to show disease progression. PD-L1 expression on myeloma cells was associated with more proliferative potential and resistance to antimyeloma agents because of activation of the Akt pathway through PD-1-bound PD-L1 in MM cells. Those data suggest that PD-L1 plays a crucial role in the disease progression of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Tamura
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan; (M.S.-K.); (K.I.)
| | - Mariko Ishibashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan;
| | - Mika Sunakawa-Kii
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan; (M.S.-K.); (K.I.)
| | - Koiti Inokuchi
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan; (M.S.-K.); (K.I.)
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Ghetti M, Vannini I, Storlazzi CT, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. Linear and circular PVT1 in hematological malignancies and immune response: two faces of the same coin. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:69. [PMID: 32228602 PMCID: PMC7104523 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as regulators of human carcinogenesis by affecting the expression of key tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. They are divided into short and long ncRNAs, according to their length. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are included in the second group and were recently discovered as being originated by back-splicing, joining either single or multiple exons, or exons with retained introns. The human Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 (PVT1) gene maps on the long arm of chromosome 8 (8q24) and encodes for 52 ncRNAs variants, including 26 linear and 26 circular isoforms, and 6 microRNAs. PVT1 genomic locus is 54 Kb downstream to MYC and several interactions have been described among these two genes, including a feedback regulatory mechanism. MYC-independent functions of PVT1/circPVT1 have been also reported, especially in the regulation of immune responses. We here review and discuss the role of both PVT1 and circPVT1 in the hematopoietic system. No information is currently available concerning their transforming ability in hematopoietic cells. However, present literature supports their cooperation with a more aggressive and/or undifferentiated cell phenotype, thus contributing to cancer progression. PVT1/circPVT1 upregulation through genomic amplification or rearrangements and/or increased transcription, provides a proliferative advantage to malignant cells in acute myeloid leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, Burkitt lymphoma, multiple myeloma (linear PVT1) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (circPVT1). In addition, PVT1 and circPVT1 regulate immune responses: the overexpression of the linear form in myeloid derived suppressor cells induced immune tolerance in preclinical tumor models and circPVT1 showed immunosuppressive properties in myeloid and lymphoid cell subsets. Overall, these recent data on PVT1 and circPVT1 functions in hematological malignancies and immune responses reflect two faces of the same coin: involvement in cancer progression by promoting a more aggressive phenotype of malignant cells and negative regulation of the immune system as a novel potential therapy-resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ghetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Ivan Vannini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
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Paracrine Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Angiogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:4356359. [PMID: 32215017 PMCID: PMC7085399 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4356359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the mesenchymal stromal cell- (MSC-) derived secretome is becoming increasingly intriguing from a clinical perspective due to its ability to stimulate endogenous tissue repair processes as well as its effective regulation of the immune system, mimicking the therapeutic effects produced by the MSCs. The secretome is a composite product secreted by MSC in vitro (in conditioned medium) and in vivo (in the extracellular milieu), consisting of a protein soluble fraction (mostly growth factors and cytokines) and a vesicular component, extracellular vesicles (EVs), which transfer proteins, lipids, and genetic material. MSC-derived secretome differs based on the tissue from which the MSCs are isolated and under specific conditions (e.g., preconditioning or priming) suggesting that clinical applications should be tailored by choosing the tissue of origin and a priming regimen to specifically correct a given pathology. MSC-derived secretome mediates beneficial angiogenic effects in a variety of tissue injury-related diseases. This supports the current effort to develop cell-free therapeutic products that bring both clinical benefits (reduced immunogenicity, persistence in vivo, and no genotoxicity associated with long-term cell cultures) and manufacturing advantages (reduced costs, availability of large quantities of off-the-shelf products, and lower regulatory burden). In the present review, we aim to give a comprehensive picture of the numerous components of the secretome produced by MSCs derived from the most common tissue sources for clinical use (e.g., AT, BM, and CB). We focus on the factors involved in the complex regulation of angiogenic processes.
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Raimondo S, Urzì O, Conigliaro A, Lo Bosco G, Parisi S, Carlisi M, Siragusa S, Raimondi L, De Luca A, Giavaresi G, Alessandro R. Extracellular Vesicle microRNAs Contribute to the Osteogenic Inhibition of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020449. [PMID: 32075123 PMCID: PMC7072478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone disease is the major complication associated with the progression of multiple myeloma (MM). Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as mediators of MM-associated bone disease by inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Here, we investigated a correlation between the EV-mediated osteogenic inhibition and MM vesicle content, focusing on miRNAs. By the use of a MicroRNA Card, we identified a pool of miRNAs, highly expressed in EVs, from MM cell line (MM1.S EVs), expression of which was confirmed in EVs from bone marrow (BM) plasma of patients affected by smoldering myeloma (SMM) and MM. Notably, we found that miR-129-5p, which targets different osteoblast (OBs) differentiation markers, is enriched in MM-EVs compared to SMM-EVs, thus suggesting a selective packaging correlated with pathological grade. We found that miR-129-5p can be transported to hMSCs by MM-EVs and, by the use of miRNA mimics, we investigated its role in recipient cells. Our data demonstrated that the increase of miR-129-5p levels in hMSCs under osteoblastic differentiation stimuli inhibited the expression of the transcription factor Sp1, previously described as a positive modulator of osteoblastic differentiation, and of its target the Alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), thus identifying miR-129-5p among the players of vesicle-mediated bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (O.U.); (A.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Ornella Urzì
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (O.U.); (A.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (O.U.); (A.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Giosuè Lo Bosco
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Sciences for technological innovation, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Sofia Parisi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (O.U.); (A.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Melania Carlisi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), Haematology Unit, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Sergio Siragusa
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), Haematology Unit, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (M.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Lavinia Raimondi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.R.); (A.D.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Angela De Luca
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.R.); (A.D.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.R.); (A.D.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (O.U.); (A.C.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Natoni A, Bohara R, Pandit A, O'Dwyer M. Targeted Approaches to Inhibit Sialylation of Multiple Myeloma in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:252. [PMID: 31637237 PMCID: PMC6787837 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation modulates different aspects of tumor biology, and it has long been recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Among the different forms of glycosylation, sialylation, the addition of sialic acid to underlying oligosaccharides, is often dysregulated in cancer. Increased expression of sialylated glycans has been observed in many types of cancer, including multiple myeloma, and often correlates with aggressive metastatic behavior. Myeloma, a cancer of plasma cells, develops in the bone marrow, and colonizes multiple sites of the skeleton including the skull. In myeloma, the bone marrow represents an essential niche where the malignant cells are nurtured by the microenvironment and protected from chemotherapy. Here, we discuss the role of hypersialylation in the metastatic process focusing on multiple myeloma. In particular, we examine how increased sialylation modulates homing of malignant plasma cells into the bone marrow by regulating the activity of molecules important in bone marrow cellular trafficking including selectins and integrins. We also propose that inhibiting sialylation may represent a new therapeutic strategy to overcome bone marrow-mediated chemotherapy resistance and describe different targeted approaches to specifically deliver sialylation inhibitors to the bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Natoni
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Raghvendra Bohara
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael O'Dwyer
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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