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Babaei K, Azimi Nezhad M, Sedigh Ziabari SN, Mirzajani E, Mozdarani H, Sharami SH, Farzadi S, Mirhafez SR, Naghdipour Mirsadeghi M, Norollahi SE, Saadatian Z, Samadani AA. TLR signaling pathway and the effects of main immune cells and epigenetics factors on the diagnosis and treatment of infertility and sterility. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35345. [PMID: 39165943 PMCID: PMC11333914 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), often known as spontaneous miscarriages occurring two or more times in a row, is a reproductive disease that affects certain couples. The cause of RPL is unknown in many cases, leading to difficulties in therapy and increased psychological suffering in couples. Toll-like receptors (TLR) have been identified as crucial regulators of inflammation in various human tissues. The occurrence of inflammation during parturition indicates that Toll-like receptor activity in tissues related to pregnancy may play a crucial role in the onset and continuation of normal function, as well as in various pregnancy complications like infection-related preterm. TLRs or their signaling molecules may serve as effective therapeutic targets for inhibiting premature activity. At the maternal-fetal interface, TLRs are found in both immune and non-immune cells, such as trophoblasts and decidual cells. TLR expression patterns are influenced by the phases of pregnancy. In this way, translational combinations like epigenetics, have indicated their impact on the TLRs.Importantly, abnormal DNA methylation patterns and histone alterations have an impressive performance in decreasing fertility by influencing gene expression and required molecular and cellular activities which are vital for a normal pregnancy and embryonic process. TLRs, play a central duty in the innate immune system and can regulate epigenetic elements by many different signaling pathways. The potential roles of TLRs in cells, epigenetics factors their ability to identify and react to infections, and their place in the innate immune system will all be covered in this narrative review essay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Babaei
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi Nezhad
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- UMR INSERM U 1122, IGE-PCV, Interactions Gène-Environment En Physiopathologie Cardiovascular Université De Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Seyedeh Nafise Sedigh Ziabari
- BSC of Midwifery, Reproductive Health Research Center, Al-Zahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mirzajani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hajar Sharami
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Al-Zahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sara Farzadi
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mirhafez
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Misa Naghdipour Mirsadeghi
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Reproductive Health Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elham Norollahi
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zahra Saadatian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Cozzolino M, Pellegrini L, Tartaglia S, Mancuso S, De Angelis F, Vaquero E, Alecsandru D, Pellicer A, Galliano D. Subcutaneous G-CSF administration improves IVF outcomes in patients with recurrent implantation failure presenting a KIR/HLA-C mismatch. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 165:104310. [PMID: 39106544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Despite advances in assisted reproductive technologies, many blastocysts are lost unexpectedly during implantation. Alterations in maternal immune tolerance towards fetal antigens may contribute to adverse IVF outcomes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether administering Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) to couples with a Human Leukocyte Antigen/Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (HLA/KIR) mismatch could positively modulate the implantation process in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). A KIR/HLA-C mismatch occurs when the interaction between KIRs and HLA-C causes an inhibition of NK cells, which may result in reduced G-CSF secretion leading to impaired placentation and increased risk of miscarriage, pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. DESIGN A retrospective monocentric cohort study conducted at the IVI Clinic in Rome, including women with a history of at least two failed blastocyst transfers. Couples underwent KIR and HLA-C testing. Couples with a KIR/HLA-C mismatch received G-CSF subcutaneously up to week nine of gestation. The mismatch included cases with inhibitory KIR genotypes and HLA-C2C2 females with HLA-C1C1, or C1C2 males or HLA-C1C2 females with male HLA-C2C2. The reproductive outcomes were assessed, and the logistic regression models controlled for potential confounders affecting IVF outcomes. RESULTS 79 patients with RIF and a KIR/HLA-C mismatch were included in the study. 30 patients were administered G-CSF, and 49 received no treatment. In the univariate analysis, no statistically significant differences were reported in the reproductive outcomes after IVF between the women treated with G-CSF and the control group. However, the logistic regression analysis that controlled for confounding factors showed that patients treated with subcutaneous G-CSF had statistically significant higher ongoing-pregnancy (aOR=3.808) and live-birth (aOR=4.998) rates, and a lower miscarriage rate (aOR=0.057). No statistically significant differences were found in other reproductive outcomes. CONCLUSION The use of subcutaneous G-CSF in patients with a KIR/HLA-C mismatch undergoing IVF may reduce miscarriage and improve live-birth rates. G-CSF may modulate NK-mediated immune mechanisms and improve trophoblast invasion and development. Randomized trials are warranted to validate these findings and enhance the chances of successful pregnancies in couples with an immunological mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cozzolino
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Roma, Rome, Italy; IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation-IIS la Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Silvio Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Dipartimento di Scienza della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Elena Vaquero
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Roma, Rome, Italy
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Andreescu M. Correlation Between Maternal-Fetus Interface and Placenta-Mediated Complications. Cureus 2024; 16:e62457. [PMID: 38882223 PMCID: PMC11180486 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a highly regulated biological phenomenon that involves the development of a semi-allogeneic fetus inside the uterus of the mother. The maternal-fetal interface is a critical junction where communication takes place between the fetal and maternal immune systems, which determine the outcome of the pregnancy. The interface is composed of the decidua and placenta. The main cells present at the maternal-fetal interface include invading trophoblasts, maternal immune cells, and decidual stromal cells. Although maternal tolerance is crucial for maintaining a successful pregnancy, the role of the placenta in pregnancy is also important. Dysregulation of the placenta leads to various placenta-mediated complications, such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and placental abruption. Although the exact mechanism involving these complications is unclear, research has elucidated various factors involved in these pregnancy disorders. This review aimed to provide a summary of the maternal-fetal interface and immune mechanisms involved in placenta-mediated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Andreescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, ROU
- Hematology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
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Vidal MS, Radnaa E, Vora N, Khanipov K, Antich C, Ferrer M, Urrabaz-Garza R, Jacob JE, Menon R. Establishment and comparison of human term placenta-derived trophoblast cells†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:950-970. [PMID: 38330185 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on the biology of fetal-maternal barriers has been limited by access to physiologically relevant cells, including trophoblast cells. In this study, we describe the development of a human term placenta-derived cytotrophoblast immortalized cell line (hPTCCTB) derived from the basal plate. Human-term placenta-derived cytotrophoblast immortalized cell line cells are comparable to their primary cells of origin in terms of morphology, marker expression, and functional responses. We demonstrate that these can transform into syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblasts. We also compared the hPTCCTB cells to immortalized chorionic trophoblasts (hFM-CTC), trophoblasts of the chorionic plate, and BeWo cells, choriocarcinoma cell lines of conventional use. Human-term placenta-derived cytotrophoblast immortalized cell line and hFM-CTCs displayed more similarity to each other than to BeWos, but these differ in syncytialization ability. Overall, this study (1) demonstrates that the immortalized hPTCCTB generated are cells of higher physiological relevance and (2) provides a look into the distinction between the spatially distinct placental and fetal barrier trophoblasts cells, hPTCCTB and hFM-CTC, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel S Vidal
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Natasha Vora
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kamil Khanipov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Cristina Antich
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rheanna Urrabaz-Garza
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jeena E Jacob
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
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Li L, Zhang Z, Li H, Zhou M, Li F, Chu C, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Ju H, Li X. Research progress on the STAT signaling pathway in pregnancy and pregnancy-associated disorders. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1331964. [PMID: 38235138 PMCID: PMC10792037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1331964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins, pivotal regulators of signaling cascades, undergo activation in response to the stimulation of cytokines and growth factors, and participate in biological processes, including inflammation, immune responses, cell proliferation, and differentiation. During the process of pregnancy, STAT signaling is involved in regulating embryonic implantation, endometrial decidualization, and establishing and maintaining maternal-fetal immune tolerance. Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant STAT signaling contributes to the occurrence and development of pregnancy disorders, including repeated implantation failure (RIF), preeclampsia (PE), recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), preterm birth (PTB) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the STAT signaling pathway holds promise for further understanding the establishment and maintenance of normal pregnancy, and thereby providing potent targets and strategic avenues for the prevention and management of ailments associated with pregnancy. In this review, we summarized the roles of the STAT signaling pathway and its related regulatory function in embryonic implantation, endometrial decidualization, and maternal-fetal immune tolerance. In conclusion, in-depth research on the mechanism of the STAT signaling pathway not only enhances our understanding of normal pregnancy processes but also offers STAT-based therapeutic approaches to protect women from the burden of pregnancy-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haoyang Li
- International Business School, Tianjin Foreign Studies University, Tianjin, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Ju
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Lintao RCV, Richardson LS, Chapa J, Dalmacio LMM, Menon R. Culture and Maintenance of Immune Cells to Model Innate Immune Status at the Feto-maternal Interface. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2781:119-130. [PMID: 38502448 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3746-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The inflammatory process leading to human labor is mostly facilitated by immune cells, which can be studied by isolating and characterizing primary immune cells from the feto-maternal interface. However, difficulty and inconsistency in sampling approaches of immune cells and short lifespan in vitro prevent their usage in mechanistic studies to understand the maternal-fetal immunobiology. To address these limitations, existing cell line models can be differentiated into immune-like cells for use in reproductive biology experiments. In this chapter, we discussed cell culture methods of maintaining and differentiating HL-60, THP-1, and NK-92 cells to obtain neutrophil-like, macrophage-like, and decidual natural killer-like cells, respectively, which can then be used together with intrauterine cells to elucidate and investigate immune mechanisms that contribute to parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C V Lintao
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lauren S Richardson
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jenieve Chapa
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Leslie Michelle M Dalmacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Bogović Crnčić T, Girotto N, Ilić Tomaš M, Krištofić I, Klobučar S, Batičić L, Ćurko-Cofek B, Sotošek V. Innate Immunity in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15442. [PMID: 37895126 PMCID: PMC10607674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorder clinically presented as Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD). The pathogenesis of AITD is caused by an inappropriate immune response related to genetic, non-genetic, and environmental factors. Pregnancy is one of the factors that have a great influence on the function of the thyroid gland because of the increased metabolic demand and the effects of hormones related to pregnancy. During pregnancy, an adaptation of the maternal immune system occurs, especially of the innate immune system engaged in maintaining adaptive immunity in the tolerant state, preventing the rejection of the fetus. Pregnancy-related hormonal changes (estrogen, progesterone, hCG) may modulate the activity of innate immune cells, potentially worsening the course of AITD during pregnancy. This especially applies to NK cells, which are associated with exacerbation of HD and GD. On the other hand, previous thyroid disorders can affect fertility and cause adverse outcomes of pregnancy, such as placental abruption, spontaneous abortion, and premature delivery. Additionally, it can cause fetal growth retardation and may contribute to impaired neuropsychological development of the fetus. Therefore, maintaining the thyroid equilibrium in women of reproductive age and in pregnant women is of the highest importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Bogović Crnčić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.C.); (M.I.T.)
| | - Neva Girotto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.C.); (M.I.T.)
| | - Maja Ilić Tomaš
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (T.B.C.); (M.I.T.)
| | - Ines Krištofić
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Klobučar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Lara Batičić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Božena Ćurko-Cofek
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Vlatka Sotošek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences II, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Benizio E, Moreira-Espinoza MJ, Triquell MF, Mezzano L, Díaz-Luján CM, Fretes RE. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are modified during the multiplication of Trypanosoma cruzi within the placental chorionic villi and are associated with the level of infection via the signaling pathway NF-κB. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 90:e13777. [PMID: 37766400 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Congenital Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) infection has been associated with changes in the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ during the pregnancy. Therefore, we propose to study the participation and dynamics of proinflammatory cytokines in the infection process of placental explants infected by T. cruzi in vitro. METHOD OF STUDY Chorionic villous explants (CVE) obtained of human term placentas (n = 8) from normal pregnancies were cultured with 105 trypomastigotes/mL of Tulahuen strain DTU VI for 0, 2, 4, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h. Explants were treated with sulfasalazine (SULF) (5 mM) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) (15 mM), as inhibitors molecules of NF-κB pathway, or LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 and 72 h p.i. Motile trypomastigotes were counted in culture supernatants. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA for TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-10 were performed in CVE and culture supernatants respectively. The parasite load was measured by RT-qPCR. RESULTS T. cruzi invades the chorionic villi from 4 h p.i. increasing significantly its DNA at 48 and 72 h p.i. of culture (parasite multiplication phase). They were detected in stromal cells, which was related to elevation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-10. The inhibition of NF-κB activity in the explants decreased the production of the analyzed cytokines, showing elevated levels of T. cruzi DNA during the multiplication phase of the parasite. CONCLUSIONS Placental tissue modifies the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines during the phase of parasite multiplication, but not during the invasion phase, which in turns modifies the level of infection via the signaling pathway NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelina Benizio
- Institute and Cathedra of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - INICSA (CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Humanas (IAPCH), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María José Moreira-Espinoza
- Institute and Cathedra of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - INICSA (CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Triquell
- Institute and Cathedra of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - INICSA (CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Humanas (IAPCH), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luciana Mezzano
- Institute and Cathedra of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - INICSA (CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cintia M Díaz-Luján
- Institute and Cathedra of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - INICSA (CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Humanas (IAPCH), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo E Fretes
- Institute and Cathedra of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Health Science Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - INICSA (CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Humanas (IAPCH), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
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Tang H, Li H, Li D, Peng J, Zhang X, Yang W. The Gut Microbiota of Pregnant Rats Alleviates Fetal Growth Restriction by Inhibiting the TLR9/MyD88 Pathway. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1213-1227. [PMID: 37416999 PMCID: PMC10580896 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2304.04020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a prevalent obstetric condition. This study aimed to investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in regulating the inflammatory response and gut microbiota structure in FGR. An FGR animal model was established in rats, and ODN1668 and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were administered. Changes in gut microbiota structure were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was conducted. HTR-8/Svneo cells were treated with ODN1668 and HCQ to evaluate cell growth. Histopathological analysis was performed, and relative factor levels were measured. The results showed that FGR rats exhibited elevated levels of TLR9 and myeloid differentiating primary response gene 88 (MyD88). In vitro experiments demonstrated that TLR9 inhibited trophoblast cell proliferation and invasion. TLR9 upregulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LBP), interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α while downregulating IL-10. TLR9 activated the TARF3-TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway. In vivo experiments showed HCQ reduced inflammation in FGR rats, and the relative cytokine expression followed a similar trend to that observed in vitro. TLR9 stimulated neutrophil activation. HCQ in FGR rats resulted in changes in the abundance of Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group at the family level and the abundance of Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group and Bacteroides at the genus level. TLR9 and associated inflammatory factors were correlated with Bacteroides, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group. FMT from FGR rats interfered with the therapeutic effects of HCQ. In conclusion, our findings suggest that TLR9 regulates the inflammatory response and gut microbiota structure in FGR, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of FGR and suggesting potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hanmei Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Weitao Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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Piekarska K, Dratwa M, Radwan P, Radwan M, Bogunia-Kubik K, Nowak I. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization procedure treated with prednisone. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250488. [PMID: 37744353 PMCID: PMC10511889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryo implantation is a key moment in pregnancy. Abnormal production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, their receptors and other immune factors may result in embryo implantation failure and pregnancy loss. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of selected pro- and anti-inflammatory factors in the blood plasma of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and control women who achieved pregnancy after natural conception. The examined patients were administered steroid prednisone. We present results concern the plasma levels of IFN-ɣ, BDNF, LIF, VEGF-A, sTNFR1 and IL-10. We found that IVF patients receiving steroids differed significantly from patients who were not administered such treatment in terms of IFN-γ and IL-10 levels. Moreover, IVF patients differed in secretion of all tested factors with the fertile controls. Our results indicated that women who secrete at least 1409 pg/ml of sTNFR1 have a chance to become pregnant naturally and give birth to a child, while patients after IVF must achieve a concentration of 962.3 pg/ml sTNFR1 in blood plasma for successful pregnancy. In addition, IVF patients secreting VEGF-A above 43.28 pg/ml have a greater risk of miscarriage or a failed transfer in comparison to women secreting below this value. In conclusion, fertile women present a different profile of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors compared to patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Piekarska
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Dratwa
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Radwan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Gameta Hospital, Rzgów, Poland
| | - Michał Radwan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Gameta Hospital, Rzgów, Poland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The Mazovian Academy in Plock, Płock, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogunia-Kubik
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunogenetics and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Izabela Nowak
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Department of Clinical Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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de Andrade Vieira Alves F, Nunes PCG, Arruda LV, Salomão NG, Rabelo K. The Innate Immune Response in DENV- and CHIKV-Infected Placentas and the Consequences for the Fetuses: A Minireview. Viruses 2023; 15:1885. [PMID: 37766291 PMCID: PMC10535478 DOI: 10.3390/v15091885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) are arthropod-borne viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae and Togaviridae families, respectively. Infection by both viruses can lead to a mild indistinct fever or even lead to more severe forms of the diseases, which are characterized by a generalized inflammatory state and multiorgan involvement. Infected mothers are considered a high-risk group due to their immunosuppressed state and the possibility of vertical transmission. Thereby, infection by arboviruses during pregnancy portrays a major public health concern, especially in countries where epidemics of both diseases are regular and public health policies are left aside. Placental involvement during both infections has been already described and the presence of either DENV or CHIKV has been observed in constituent cells of the placenta. In spite of that, there is little knowledge regarding the intrinsic earlier immunological mechanisms that are developed by placental cells in response to infection by both arboviruses. Here, we approach some of the current information available in the literature about the exacerbated presence of cells involved in the innate immune defense of the placenta during DENV and CHIKV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe de Andrade Vieira Alves
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro 20550170, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.A.V.A.); (L.V.A.)
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila Conrado Guerra Nunes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Laíza Vianna Arruda
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro 20550170, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.A.V.A.); (L.V.A.)
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natália Gedeão Salomão
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Kíssila Rabelo
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura e Biologia Tecidual, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/UERJ, Rio de Janeiro 20550170, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.A.V.A.); (L.V.A.)
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, RJ, Brazil
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12
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Flores-Espinosa P, Méndez I, Irles C, Olmos-Ortiz A, Helguera-Repetto C, Mancilla-Herrera I, Ortuño-Sahagún D, Goffin V, Zaga-Clavellina V. Immunomodulatory role of decidual prolactin on the human fetal membranes and placenta. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212736. [PMID: 37359537 PMCID: PMC10288977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The close interaction between fetal and maternal cells during pregnancy requires multiple immune-endocrine mechanisms to provide the fetus with a tolerogenic environment and protection against any infectious challenge. The fetal membranes and placenta create a hyperprolactinemic milieu in which prolactin (PRL) synthesized by the maternal decidua is transported through the amnion-chorion and accumulated into the amniotic cavity, where the fetus is bedded in high concentrations during pregnancy. PRL is a pleiotropic immune-neuroendocrine hormone with multiple immunomodulatory functions mainly related to reproduction. However, the biological role of PRL at the maternal-fetal interface has yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we have summarized the current information on the multiple effects of PRL, focusing on its immunological effects and biological significance for the immune privilege of the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Flores-Espinosa
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isabel Méndez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Claudine Irles
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U978, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine (SMBH), Bobigny, France
| | - Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Helguera-Repetto
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ismael Mancilla-Herrera
- Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Université Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)-S1151, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Verónica Zaga-Clavellina
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Jin M, Ji J, Chen X, Zhou Y, Wang D, Liu A. The emerging role of TET enzymes in the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface during decidualization and early pregnancy. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1066599. [PMID: 36685517 PMCID: PMC9850229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1066599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface in early pregnancy may lead to early pregnancy loss, fetal growth restriction, and preeclampsia. However, major questions about how epigenetic modifications regulate the immune microenvironment during the decidualization process and embryo implantation remain unanswered. DNA methylation, the main epigenetic mechanism involved in the endometrial cycle, is crucial for specific transcriptional networks associated with endometrial stromal cell (ESC) proliferation, hormone response, decidualization, and embryo implantation. Ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, responsible for catalyzing the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcyosine, 5-formylytosine, and 5-carboxylcyosine to achieve the DNA demethylation process, appear to play a critical role in decidualization and embryo implantation. Here, we provide a comprehensive view of their structural similarities and the common mechanism of regulation in the microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface during decidualization and early pregnancy. We also discuss their physiological role in the decidual immune microenvironment. Finally, we propose a key hypothesis regarding TET enzymes at the maternal-fetal interface between decidual immune cells and ESCs. Future work is needed to elucidate their functional role and examine therapeutic strategies targeting these enzymes in pregnancy-related disease preclinical models, which would be of great value for future implications in disease diagnosis or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiong Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dimin Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Aixia Liu, ; Dimin Wang,
| | - Aixia Liu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Department of Reproductive Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China,*Correspondence: Aixia Liu, ; Dimin Wang,
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14
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The Innate Defense in the Zika-Infected Placenta. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121410. [PMID: 36558744 PMCID: PMC9787577 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus that belongs to the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus and was first isolated 1947 in Uganda, Africa, from the serum of a sentinel Rhesus monkey. Since its discovery, the virus was responsible for major outbreaks in several different countries, being linked to severe complications in pregnant women, neonatal birth defects and the congenital zika syndrome. Maternal-fetal transmission of ZIKV can occur in all trimesters of pregnancy, and the role of the placenta and its cells in these cases is yet to be fully understood. The decidua basalis and chorionic villi, maternal-fetal components of the placenta, contain a rich immunological infiltrate composed by Hofbauer cells, mastocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages, primary cells of the innate immune response that have a role that still needs to be better investigated in ZIKV infection. Recent studies have already described several histopathological features and the susceptibility and permissiveness of placenta cells to infection by the Zika virus. In this review, we address some of the current knowledge on the innate immune responses against ZIKV, especially in the placenta.
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15
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Chen YX, Zhang QQ, Ge C, Yang J. Identification of hub genes, signaling pathways and immune infiltration of recurrent spontaneous abortion based on bioinformatics analysis with clinical verification. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 61:1027-1036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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16
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Ran Y, Chen R, Huang D, Qin Y, Liu Z, He J, Mei Y, Zhou Y, Yin N, Qi H. The landscape of circular RNA in preterm birth. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879487. [PMID: 36072601 PMCID: PMC9441874 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm birth (PTB) is a multifactorial syndrome that seriously threatens the health of pregnant women and babies worldwide. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been understood as important regulators of various physiological and pathological processes. However, the expression pattern and potential roles of circRNAs in PTB are largely unclear. Methods In this study, we extracted and analyzed the circRNA expression profiles in maternal and fetal samples of preterm and term pregnancies, including maternal plasma, maternal monocytes, myometrium, chorion, placenta, and cord blood. We identified the circRNAs which is associated with PTB in different tissues and explored their relationships from the perspective of the overall maternal-fetal system. Furthermore, co-expression analysis of circRNAs and mRNAs, target microRNAs (miRNAs), and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), provided new clues about possible mechanisms of circRNA function in PTB. In the end, we investigated the potential special biofunctions of circRNAs in different tissues and their common features and communication in PTB. Results Significant differences in circRNA types and expression levels between preterm and term groups have been proved, as well as between tissues. Nevertheless, there were still some PTB-related differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) shared by these tissues. The functional enrichment analysis showed that the DECs putatively have important tissue-specific biofunctions through their target miRNA and co-expressed mRNAs, which contribute to the signature pathologic changes of each tissue within the maternal-fetal system in PTB (e.g., the contraction of the myometrium). Moreover, DECs in different tissues might have some common biological activities, which are mainly the activation of immune-inflammatory processes (e.g., interleukin1/6/8/17, chemokine, TLRs, and complement). Conclusions In summary, our data provide a preliminary blueprint for the expression and possible roles of circRNAs in PTB, which lays the foundation for future research on the mechanisms of circRNAs in PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Ran
- Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruixin Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongni Huang
- Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youwen Mei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunqian Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nanlin Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Nanlin Yin, ; Hongbo Qi,
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Nanlin Yin, ; Hongbo Qi,
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El-Sheikh MR, Ahmed AY, ELMashad AERM, Talaye II, El-Hawary EES. Eosinophil count and tumor necrosis factor α in response to phototherapy treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a cross sectional study. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:103. [PMID: 35725569 PMCID: PMC9208093 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phototherapy (PT) is the most often utilized technique for treating and preventing severe hyperbilirubinemia in the term and preterm newborns. PT's proven benefit is that it decreases the requirement for exchange transfusions. To investigate the effect of PT on allergic response mediators in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia treated by PT, eosinophil counts and tumor necrosis factor alfa levels have been assessed. Methods This cross-sectional study included 100 full-term infants with indirect hyperbilirubinemia in the first two weeks of life who were indicated for PT. They were investigated by tumor necrosis factor α and eosinophil counts before and 72 h after starting PT. The used tests were paired with Student’s t-test and Pearson coefficient. Results Relative and absolute eosinophil counts and tumor necrosis factor alfa were significantly higher after PT than before (p < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between total serum bilirubin and both tumor necrosis factor alfa and eosinophil % (r = 0.442 and r = 0.362, respectively, P < 0.001) before PT. There was a significant positive correlation between total serum bilirubin and both eosinophil count and eosinophil % (r = 0.281and r = 0.339), respectively (P < 0.001) after PT. There was a significant positive correlation between both tumor necrosis factor alfa and eosinophil % after PT (r = 0.545, P < 0.001). Conclusions Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha and eosinophilic count increased after treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia by PT, which indicates an allergic response to PT in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Rabie El-Sheikh
- Pediatric and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Bahr St.، Tanta Qism 2, Tanta, 31527, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt.
| | - Amira Youssef Ahmed
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Rahman Mohamed ELMashad
- Pediatric and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, El Bahr St.، Tanta Qism 2, Tanta, 31527, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt
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Gorbunova O, Shirshev S. The effect of kisspeptin on the functional activity of peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils in the context of physiological pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 151:103621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lampiasi N. Interactions between Macrophages and Mast Cells in the Female Reproductive System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105414. [PMID: 35628223 PMCID: PMC9142086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) and macrophages (Mϕs) are innate immune cells that differentiate from early common myeloid precursors and reside in all body tissues. MCs have a unique capacity to neutralize/degrade toxic proteins, and they are hypothesized as being able to adopt two alternative polarization profiles, similar to Mϕs, with distinct or even opposite roles. Mϕs are very plastic phagocytic cells that are devoted to the elimination of senescent/anomalous endogenous entities (to maintain tissue homeostasis), and to the recognition and elimination of exogenous threats. They can adopt several functional phenotypes in response to microenvironmental cues, whose extreme profiles are the inflammatory/killing phenotype (M1) and the anti-inflammatory/healing phenotype (M2). The concomitant and abundant presence of these two cell types and the partial overlap of their defensive and homeostatic functions leads to the hypothesis that their crosstalk is necessary for the optimal coordination of their functions, both under physiological and pathological conditions. This review will examine the relationship between MCs and Mϕs in some situations of homeostatic regulation (menstrual cycle, embryo implantation), and in some inflammatory conditions in the same organs (endometriosis, preeclampsia), in order to appreciate the importance of their cross-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Lampiasi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione Biomedica, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Kobia FM, Maiti K, Obimbo MM, Smith R, Gitaka J. Potential pharmacologic interventions targeting TLR signaling in placental malaria. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:513-524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Olmos-Ortiz A, Hernández-Pérez M, Flores-Espinosa P, Sedano G, Helguera-Repetto AC, Villavicencio-Carrisoza Ó, Valdespino-Vazquez MY, Flores-Pliego A, Irles C, Rivas-Santiago B, Moreno-Verduzco ER, Díaz L, Zaga-Clavellina V. Compartmentalized Innate Immune Response of Human Fetal Membranes against Escherichia coli Choriodecidual Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062994. [PMID: 35328414 PMCID: PMC8949057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An infectious process into the uterine cavity represents a major endangered condition that compromises the immune privilege of the maternal-fetal unit and increases the risk for preterm birth (PTB) and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Fetal membranes are active secretors of antimicrobial peptides (AMP), which limit bacterial growth, such as Escherichia coli. Nevertheless, the antibacterial responses displayed by chorioamniotic membranes against a choriodecidual E. coli infection have been briefly studied. The objective of this research was to characterize the profile of synthesis, activity, and spatial distribution of a broad panel of AMPs produced by fetal membranes in response to E. coli choriodecidual infection. Term human chorioamniotic membranes were mounted in a two independent compartment model in which the choriodecidual region was infected with live E. coli (1 × 105 CFU/mL). Amnion and choriodecidual AMP tissue levels and TNF-α and IL-1β secretion were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The passage of bacterium through fetal membranes and their effect on structural continuity was followed for 24 h. Our results showed that E. coli infection caused a progressive mechanical disruption of the chorioamniotic membranes and an activated inflammatory environment. After the challenge, the amnion quickly (2-4 h) induced production of human beta defensins (HBD)-1, HBD-2, and LL-37. Afterwards (8-24 h), the amnion significantly produced HBD-1, HBD-2, HNP-1-3, S100A7, sPLA2, and elafin, whereas the choriodecidua induced LL-37 synthesis. Therefore, we noticed a temporal- and tissue-specific pattern regulation of the synthesis of AMPs by infected fetal membranes. However, fetal membranes were not able to contain the collagen degradation or the bacterial growth and migration despite the battery of produced AMPs, which deeply increases the risk for PTB and PROM. The mixture of recombinant HBDs at low concentrations resulted in increased bactericidal activity compared to each HBD alone in vitro, encouraging further research to study AMP combinations that may offer synergy to control drug-resistant infections in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (M.H.-P.); (P.F.-E.); (G.S.); (A.C.H.-R.); (Ó.V.-C.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Mayra Hernández-Pérez
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (M.H.-P.); (P.F.-E.); (G.S.); (A.C.H.-R.); (Ó.V.-C.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Pilar Flores-Espinosa
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (M.H.-P.); (P.F.-E.); (G.S.); (A.C.H.-R.); (Ó.V.-C.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Gabriela Sedano
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (M.H.-P.); (P.F.-E.); (G.S.); (A.C.H.-R.); (Ó.V.-C.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Addy Cecilia Helguera-Repetto
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (M.H.-P.); (P.F.-E.); (G.S.); (A.C.H.-R.); (Ó.V.-C.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Óscar Villavicencio-Carrisoza
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (M.H.-P.); (P.F.-E.); (G.S.); (A.C.H.-R.); (Ó.V.-C.); (A.F.-P.)
| | | | - Arturo Flores-Pliego
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (INPer), Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (M.H.-P.); (P.F.-E.); (G.S.); (A.C.H.-R.); (Ó.V.-C.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Claudine Irles
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, INPer, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | | | | | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Zaga-Clavellina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, INPer, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5520-9900 (ext. 478)
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Kong X, Chen X, Ou S, Wang W, Li R. Derivation of human triploid trophoblast stem cells. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:1183-1193. [PMID: 35243570 PMCID: PMC9107551 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02436-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) are counterparts of the precursor cells of the placenta and are valuable cell models for the study of placental development and the pathogenesis of placental diseases. The aim of this work was to establish a triploid human TSC (hTSC3PN) derived from the tripronuclear embryos, which are clinically discarded but readily available, for potential applications in basic placental research and disease modeling. METHODS Eighteen tripronuclear human zygotes from IVF were collected and cultured for 5-6 days. Five high-quality blastocysts were harvested and were individually cultured in hTSC medium. Finally, two hTSC lines were established after 10 days and could be passaged stably. RESULTS The karyotyping analysis showed that hTSC3PN contained three sets of chromosomes. And the hTSC3PN exhibited typical features of hTSCs, with the ability to differentiate into two trophoblast lineages: extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVTs) and syncytiotrophoblasts (STs). In addition, the hTSC3PN can mimic some vital features of trophoblast, including hormone secretion and invasion. Further studies showed that the proliferation and differentiation of hTSC3PN were reduced compared with normal hTSCs, which may be related to the disturbed metabolic signaling in hTSC3PN. CONCLUSIONS We established the triploid hTSC lines derived from tripronuclear embryos, which provides a potentially useful research model in vitro to study human placental biology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Kong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songbang Ou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China. .,Reproductive Medicine Center, The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, Kashgar, China.
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23
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Barbosa CG, Gómez-Hernández C, da Silva MV, Rezende-Oliveira K, Ferreira PTM, de Oliveira ACM, Desidério CS, Helmo FR, de Carvalho-Costa TM, Dos Santos IKP, Saraiva LKA, de Oliveira CJF, Machado JR, Ferro EAV, Rodrigues V, Ramirez LE. Congenital transmission of Mexican strains of Trypanosoma cruzi TcIa: interaction between parasite and human placental explants. Parasitology 2022; 149:418-426. [PMID: 34814960 PMCID: PMC11010536 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021002018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Congenital transmission of Chagas disease plays an important role in endemic countries because it is not a diagnosis that is encountered frequently in prenatal care. Due to limited information regarding congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in Mexico, the present study aimed to investigate protozoan infectivity and modulation of immune responses in human placental explants infected with T. cruzi Ia Mexican strains. The Inc-5 strain showed increased infectivity and modulated IL-1β, IL-10 and TLR-4, decreasing their expression after 24 h of infection. Both strains (Inc-5 and Ninoa) stimulated the production of TNF-α and decreased IL-6 levels 96 h after infection. An important detachment of the syncytiotrophoblast caused by infection with T. cruzi was observed after 24 h of infection. In this study, ex vivo infection of human placental villi was performed to better understand interactions involving parasitic T. cruzi and human placental tissue. It was concluded that the strains of TcIa present parasitism in placental tissue, modulation of the innate immune system of the placenta, and cause intense detachment of the syncytiotrophoblast, a fact that may be more associated with abortion and premature birth events than the congenital transmission itself, justifying the low rate of this transmission mechanism by this genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gomes Barbosa
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - César Gómez-Hernández
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Karine Rezende-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia – Pontal Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Tatiana Mutão Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Morais de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Chamberttan Souza Desidério
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues Helmo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Tamires Marielem de Carvalho-Costa
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Ketlen Pereira Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Lorena Kelly Alves Saraiva
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlo José Freire de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Santa Mônica, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Luís Eduardo Ramirez
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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Wong YP, Cheah FC, Wong KK, Shah SA, Phon SE, Ng BK, Lim PS, Khong TY, Tan GC. Gardnerella vaginalis infection in pregnancy: Effects on placental development and neonatal outcomes. Placenta 2022; 120:79-87. [PMID: 35231793 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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González-Mesa E, García-Fuentes E, Carvia-Pontiasec R, Lavado-Fernández AI, Cuenca-Marín C, Suárez-Arana M, Blasco-Alonso M, Benítez-Lara B, Mozas-Benítez L, González-Cazorla A, Egeberg-Neverdal H, Jiménez-López JS. Transmitted Fetal Immune Response in Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Infections during Pregnancy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020245. [PMID: 35204335 PMCID: PMC8870756 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Little is known about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the placenta, and whether the maternal inflammatory response is transmitted vertically. This research aims to provide information about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal and fetal immunity. (2) Methods: We have studied placental changes and humoral and cellular immunity in maternal and umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples from a group of pregnant women delivering after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. IgG and IgM SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, Interleukin 1b (IL1b), Interleukin 6 (IL6), and gamma-Interferon (IFN-γ), have been studied in the UCB samples. Lymphocyte subsets were studied according to CD3, CD8, CD4, CD34, and invariant natural Killer T cells (iNKT) markers. We used in situ hybridization techniques for the detection of viral RNA in placentas. (3) Results: During the study period, 79 pregnant women and their corresponding newborns were recruited. The main gestational age at the time of delivery was 39.1 weeks (SD 1.3). We did not find traces of the SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA in any of the analyzed placental samples. Detectable concentrations of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, IL1b, IL6, and IFN-γ, in UCB were found in all cases, but IgM antibodies anti-ARS-CoV-2 were systematically undetectable. We found significant correlations between fetal CD3+ mononuclear cells and UCB IgG concentrations. We also found significant correlations between UCB IgG concentrations and fetal CD3+/CD4+, as well as CD3+/CD8+ T cells subsets. We also discovered that fetal CD3+/CD8+ cell counts were significantly higher in those cases with placental infarctions. (4) Conclusion: we have not verified the placental transfer of SARS-CoV-2. However, we have discovered that a significant immune response is being transmitted to the fetus in cases of SARS-CoV-2 maternal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto González-Mesa
- Biochemistry and Inmunology Department, Malaga Biomedical Research Institute-IBIMA, University of Málaga, Surgical Specialities, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.B.-L.); (L.M.-B.); (A.G.-C.); (H.E.-N.); (J.S.J.-L.)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Málaga Regional Maternity Hospital (SSPA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.C.-M.); (M.S.-A.); (M.B.-A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Digestive System Clinical Management Unit, Malaga Biomedical Research Institute-IBIMA, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Rafael Carvia-Pontiasec
- Provincial Unit of Pathological Anatomy of Malaga, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, SSPA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (R.C.-P.); (A.I.L.-F.)
| | - Ana I. Lavado-Fernández
- Provincial Unit of Pathological Anatomy of Malaga, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, SSPA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (R.C.-P.); (A.I.L.-F.)
| | - Celia Cuenca-Marín
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Málaga Regional Maternity Hospital (SSPA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.C.-M.); (M.S.-A.); (M.B.-A.)
| | - María Suárez-Arana
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Málaga Regional Maternity Hospital (SSPA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.C.-M.); (M.S.-A.); (M.B.-A.)
| | - Marta Blasco-Alonso
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Málaga Regional Maternity Hospital (SSPA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.C.-M.); (M.S.-A.); (M.B.-A.)
| | - Blanca Benítez-Lara
- Biochemistry and Inmunology Department, Malaga Biomedical Research Institute-IBIMA, University of Málaga, Surgical Specialities, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.B.-L.); (L.M.-B.); (A.G.-C.); (H.E.-N.); (J.S.J.-L.)
| | - Laura Mozas-Benítez
- Biochemistry and Inmunology Department, Malaga Biomedical Research Institute-IBIMA, University of Málaga, Surgical Specialities, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.B.-L.); (L.M.-B.); (A.G.-C.); (H.E.-N.); (J.S.J.-L.)
| | - Ana González-Cazorla
- Biochemistry and Inmunology Department, Malaga Biomedical Research Institute-IBIMA, University of Málaga, Surgical Specialities, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.B.-L.); (L.M.-B.); (A.G.-C.); (H.E.-N.); (J.S.J.-L.)
| | - Herink Egeberg-Neverdal
- Biochemistry and Inmunology Department, Malaga Biomedical Research Institute-IBIMA, University of Málaga, Surgical Specialities, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.B.-L.); (L.M.-B.); (A.G.-C.); (H.E.-N.); (J.S.J.-L.)
| | - Jesús S. Jiménez-López
- Biochemistry and Inmunology Department, Malaga Biomedical Research Institute-IBIMA, University of Málaga, Surgical Specialities, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.B.-L.); (L.M.-B.); (A.G.-C.); (H.E.-N.); (J.S.J.-L.)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Málaga Regional Maternity Hospital (SSPA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.C.-M.); (M.S.-A.); (M.B.-A.)
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Stokkeland LMT, Giskeødegård GF, Ryssdal M, Jarmund AH, Steinkjer B, Madssen TS, Stafne SN, Stridsklev S, Løvvik TS, Iversen AC, Vanky E. Changes in Serum Cytokines Throughout Pregnancy in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:39-52. [PMID: 34529073 PMCID: PMC8684459 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with low-grade inflammation and increased incidence of pregnancy complications, but its influence on the maternal immune system in pregnancy is unknown. Longitudinal serum cytokine profiling is a sensitive measure of the complex immunological dynamics of pregnancy. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to determine the immunological dynamics of serum cytokines throughout pregnancy in women with PCOS and compare it to pregnancy in women without PCOS. METHODS A post hoc analysis was conducted of longitudinal serum samples from 2 randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter studies of pregnant women with PCOS and 2 studies of pregnant women without PCOS. Pregnant women with PCOS (n = 358) and without PCOS (n = 258, controls) provided 1752 serum samples from 4 time points in pregnancy (weeks 10, 19, 32, and 36). Main outcome measures included maternal serum levels of 22 cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) at 4 time points in pregnancy. RESULTS Women with PCOS showed marked immunological changes in serum cytokines throughout pregnancy. Compared to controls, women with PCOS showed higher levels of 17 cytokines and CRP at week 10 of pregnancy and a distinct cytokine development throughout pregnancy. The immunological dynamics in women with PCOS was significantly affected by maternal body mass index, smoking, and fetal sex. CONCLUSION Pregnancy in women with PCOS was associated with a strong early mobilization of inflammatory and other serum cytokines persisting throughout pregnancy, indicating a more activated immune status. These findings provide a novel basis for further study of PCOS and pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Live Marie T Stokkeland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence: Live M. T. Stokkeland, MD, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, PO Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Mariell Ryssdal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Hagen Jarmund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørg Steinkjer
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Signe N Stafne
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Solhild Stridsklev
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone S Løvvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann-Charlotte Iversen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eszter Vanky
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
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Olmos-Ortiz A, Olivares-Huerta A, García-Quiroz J, Avila E, Halhali A, Quesada-Reyna B, Larrea F, Zaga-Clavellina V, Díaz L. Cord Serum Calcitriol Inversely Correlates with Maternal Blood Pressure in Urinary Tract Infection-Affected Pregnancies: Sex-Dependent Immune Implications. Nutrients 2021; 13:3114. [PMID: 34578991 PMCID: PMC8467737 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) during pregnancy are frequently associated with hypertensive disorders, increasing the risk of perinatal morbidity. Calcitriol, vitamin D3's most active metabolite, has been involved in blood pressure regulation and prevention of UTIs, partially through modulating vasoactive peptides and antimicrobial peptides, like cathelicidin. However, nothing is known regarding the interplay between placental calcitriol, cathelicidin, and maternal blood pressure in UTI-complicated pregnancies. Here, we analyzed the correlation between these parameters in pregnant women with UTI and with normal pregnancy (NP). Umbilical venous serum calcitriol and its precursor calcidiol were significantly elevated in UTI. Regardless of newborn's sex, we found strong negative correlations between calcitriol and maternal systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the UTI cohort (p < 0.002). In NP, this relationship was observed only in female-carrying mothers. UTI-female placentas showed higher expression of cathelicidin and CYP27B1, the calcitriol activating-enzyme, compared to male and NP samples. Accordingly, cord-serum calcitriol from UTI-female neonates negatively correlated with maternal bacteriuria. Cathelicidin gene expression positively correlated with gestational age in UTI and with newborn anthropometric parameters. Our results suggest that vitamin D deficiency might predispose to maternal cardiovascular risk and perinatal infections especially in male-carrying pregnancies, probably due to lower placental CYP27B1 and cathelicidin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción “Dr. Carlos Gual Castro”, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (A.O.-H.); (J.G.-Q.); (E.A.); (A.H.); (F.L.)
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales 800, Lomas-Virreyes, Lomas de Chapultepec IV Sección, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico
| | - Alberto Olivares-Huerta
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción “Dr. Carlos Gual Castro”, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (A.O.-H.); (J.G.-Q.); (E.A.); (A.H.); (F.L.)
| | - Janice García-Quiroz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción “Dr. Carlos Gual Castro”, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (A.O.-H.); (J.G.-Q.); (E.A.); (A.H.); (F.L.)
| | - Euclides Avila
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción “Dr. Carlos Gual Castro”, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (A.O.-H.); (J.G.-Q.); (E.A.); (A.H.); (F.L.)
| | - Ali Halhali
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción “Dr. Carlos Gual Castro”, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (A.O.-H.); (J.G.-Q.); (E.A.); (A.H.); (F.L.)
| | - Braulio Quesada-Reyna
- División de Obstetricia, UMAE Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 4 “Luis Castelazo Ayala”, IMSS, Rio de la Magdalena 289, Tizapán San Ángel, Progreso Tizapán, Álvaro Obregón, Ciudad de Mexico 01090, Mexico;
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción “Dr. Carlos Gual Castro”, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (A.O.-H.); (J.G.-Q.); (E.A.); (A.H.); (F.L.)
| | - Verónica Zaga-Clavellina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Montes Urales 800, Lomas-Virreyes, Lomas de Chapultepec IV Sección, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico
| | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción “Dr. Carlos Gual Castro”, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (A.O.-H.); (J.G.-Q.); (E.A.); (A.H.); (F.L.)
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Yao Y, Hao F, Tang LC, Xu XH, Jin L. Downregulation of HDAC8 expression decreases CD163 levels and promotes the apoptosis of macrophages by activating the ERK signaling pathway in recurrent spontaneous miscarriage. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:521-531. [PMID: 32433749 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM) is a systemic disorder that has been defined as two or more pregnancies lost before the 20th week of gestation. Although the impaired function of macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface has been reported to be associated with RSM, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we revealed that HDAC8 plays a critical role in RSM. Our results show that the mRNA and protein expression of HDAC8 was decreased in decidual macrophages from RSM patients. Moreover, the knockdown of HDAC8 resulted in a significant decrease in CD163 expression and an increase in apoptosis in dTHP-1 macrophages. Mechanistically, the ERK signaling pathway was activated in HDAC8-knockdown macrophages. When HDAC8-knockdown cells were pretreated with the ERK inhibitor U0126, expression levels of CD163, activated caspases 3, 7 and 9, and the apoptosis rate, were rescued. Taken together, our current results suggest that HDAC8 plays an important role in macrophage activation and apoptosis and may contribute to maintaining normal pregnancy by increasing the expression of M2 marker genes and inhibiting the apoptosis of macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Yao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Fan Hao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Lin-Chen Tang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Liping Jin
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
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Silvano A, Seravalli V, Strambi N, Cecchi M, Tartarotti E, Parenti A, Di Tommaso M. Tryptophan metabolism and immune regulation in the human placenta. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 147:103361. [PMID: 34365162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The placenta represents the maternal-fetal vascular interface. It is capable of supplying the bioenergetic needs of the developing conceptus. It is composed of different cell types that engage in highly varied functions, ranging from attachment, invasion and vascular remodeling to cell fusion, hormone production, and nutrient transport. A deep knowledge of the immunological mechanisms responsible for maintaining an active tolerance towards an allogeneic fetus and the anti-inflammatory properties of the placenta can be useful to clarify the pathogenesis of adverse events in pregnancy. While the systemic mechanisms of this immunological regulation in pregnancy have been well studied, the metabolic processes involved in the placental immune response are still poorly understood. The aim of this review is to summarize the most important information concerning the immune regulation in pregnancy, focusing on the role of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism performed by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Silvano
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Viola Seravalli
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Noemi Strambi
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Cecchi
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Tartarotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Italy
| | - Astrid Parenti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Mariarosaria Di Tommaso
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Italy.
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Chatterjee S, Mishra S, Chowdhury KD, Ghosh CK, Saha KD. Various theranostics and immunization strategies based on nanotechnology against Covid-19 pandemic: An interdisciplinary view. Life Sci 2021; 278:119580. [PMID: 33991549 PMCID: PMC8114615 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is still a major risk to human civilization. Besides the global immunization policy, more than five lac new cases are documented everyday. Some countries newly implement partial/complete nationwid lockdown to mitigate recurrent community spreading. To avoid the new modified stain of SARS-CoV-2 spreading, some countries imposed any restriction on the movement of the citizens within or outside the country. Effective economical point of care diagnostic and therapeutic strategy is vigorously required to mitigate viral spread. Besides struggling with repurposed medicines, new engineered materials with multiple unique efficacies and specific antiviral potency against SARS-CoV-2 infection may be fruitful to save more lives. Nanotechnology-based engineering strategy sophisticated medicine with specific, effective and nonhazardous delivery mechanism for available repurposed antivirals as well as remedial for associated diseases due to malfeasance in immuno-system e.g. hypercytokinaemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome. This review will talk about gloomy but critical areas for nanoscientists to intervene and will showcase about the different laboratory diagnostic, prognostic strategies and their mode of actions. In addition, we speak about SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology, pathogenicity and host specific interation with special emphasis on altered immuno-system and also perceptualized, copious ways to design prophylactic nanomedicines and next-generation vaccines based on recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Chatterjee
- Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata-700006, India
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Kaustav Dutta Chowdhury
- Cyto-genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Rammohan College, 102/1, Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata-700009, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Ghosh
- School of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
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Placental Macrophages Demonstrate Sex-Specific Response to Intrauterine Inflammation and May Serve as a Marker of Perinatal Neuroinflammation. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 147:103360. [PMID: 34390899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is considered to be one of the most frequent causes of neonatal death. Prompt and effective measures to predict adverse fetal outcome following PTB are urgently needed. Placenta macrophages are a critical immune cell population during pregnancy, phenotypically divided into M1 and M2 subsets. An established mouse model of intrauterine inflammation (IUI) was applied. Placenta (labyrinth) and corresponding fetal brain were harvested within 24 hours post injection (hpi). Flow cytometry, Western blot, real-time qPCR, and regular histology were utilized to examine the cytokines, macrophage polarization, and sex-specificity. Placental exposure to LPS led to significantly reduced labyrinth thickness compared to PBS-exposed controls as early as 3 hpi, accompanied by apoptosis and necrosis. Pro-inflammatory M1 markers, Il-1β, and iNOS, and anti-inflammatory M2 marker Il-10 increased significantly in placentas exposed to IUI. Analysis of flow cytometry revealed that fetal macrophages (Hofbauer cell, HBCs) were mostly M1-like and that maternal inter-labyrinth macrophages (MIM) were M2-like in their features in IUI. Male fetuses displayed significantly decreased M2-like features in HBCs at 3 and 6 hpi, while female fetuses showed significant increase in M2-like features in MIM at 3 and 6 hpi. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the frequency of HBCs and corresponding microglial marker expression at 3 and 6 hpi. Placental macrophages demonstrated sex-specific features in response to IUI. Specifically, HBCs may be a potential biomarker for fetal brain injury at preterm birth.
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Olmos-Ortiz A, Flores-Espinosa P, Díaz L, Velázquez P, Ramírez-Isarraraz C, Zaga-Clavellina V. Immunoendocrine Dysregulation during Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Central Role of the Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8087. [PMID: 34360849 PMCID: PMC8348825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a transitory metabolic condition caused by dysregulation triggered by intolerance to carbohydrates, dysfunction of beta-pancreatic and endothelial cells, and insulin resistance during pregnancy. However, this disease includes not only changes related to metabolic distress but also placental immunoendocrine adaptations, resulting in harmful effects to the mother and fetus. In this review, we focus on the placenta as an immuno-endocrine organ that can recognize and respond to the hyperglycemic environment. It synthesizes diverse chemicals that play a role in inflammation, innate defense, endocrine response, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis, all associated with different perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (P.F.-E.)
| | - Pilar Flores-Espinosa
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (A.O.-O.); (P.F.-E.)
| | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Pilar Velázquez
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Ángeles México, Ciudad de México 11800, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Ramírez-Isarraraz
- Clínica de Urología Ginecológica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Zaga-Clavellina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
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Johnson LJ, Azari S, Webb A, Zhang X, Gavrilin MA, Marshall JM, Rood K, Seveau S. Human Placental Trophoblasts Infected by Listeria monocytogenes Undergo a Pro-Inflammatory Switch Associated With Poor Pregnancy Outcomes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:709466. [PMID: 34367171 PMCID: PMC8346206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.709466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta controls the growth of the fetus and ensures its immune protection. Key to these functions, the syncytiotrophoblast (SYN) is a syncytium formed by fusion of underlying mononuclear trophoblasts. The SYN covers the placental surface and is bathed in maternal blood to mediate nutritional and waste exchanges between the mother and fetus. The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes breaches the trophoblast barrier and infects the placental/fetal unit resulting in poor pregnancy outcomes. In this work, we analyzed the L. monocytogenes intracellular lifecycle in primary human trophoblasts. In accordance with previous studies, we found that the SYN is 20-fold more resistant to infection compared to mononuclear trophoblasts, forming a protective barrier to infection at the maternal interface. We show for the first time that this is due to a significant reduction in L. monocytogenes uptake by the SYN rather than inhibition of the bacterial intracellular division or motility. We here report the first transcriptomic analysis of L. monocytogenes-infected trophoblasts (RNA sequencing). Pathway analysis showed that infection upregulated TLR2, NOD-like, and cytosolic DNA sensing pathways, as well as downstream pro-inflammatory circuitry (NF-κB, AP-1, IRF4, IRF7) leading to the production of mediators known to elicit the recruitment and activation of maternal leukocytes (IL8, IL6, TNFα, MIP-1). Signature genes associated with poor pregnancy outcomes were also upregulated upon infection. Measuring the release of 54 inflammatory mediators confirmed the transcriptomic data and revealed sustained production of tolerogenic factors (IL-27, IL-10, IL-1RA, TSLP) despite infection. Both the SYN and mononuclear trophoblasts produced cytokines, but surprisingly, some cytokines were predominantly produced by the SYN (IL-8, IL-6) or by non-fused trophoblasts (TNFα). Collectively, our data support that trophoblasts act as placental gatekeepers that limit and detect L. monocytogenes infection resulting in a pro-inflammatory response, which may contribute to the poor pregnancy outcomes if the pathogen persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Johnson
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Siavash Azari
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mikhail A Gavrilin
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joanna M Marshall
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kara Rood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Stephanie Seveau
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Aplin JD, Jones CJP. Cell dynamics in human villous trophoblast. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:904-922. [PMID: 34125187 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Villous cytotrophoblast (vCTB) is a precursor cell population that supports the development of syncytiotrophoblast (vSTB), the high surface area barrier epithelium of the placental villus, and the primary interface between maternal and fetal tissue. In light of increasing evidence that the placenta can adapt to changing maternal environments or, under stress, can trigger maternal disease, we consider what properties of these cells empower them to exert a controlling influence on pregnancy progression and outcome. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE How are cytotrophoblast proliferation and differentiation regulated in the human placental villus to allow for the increasing demands of the fetal and environmental challenges and stresses that may arise during pregnancy? SEARCH METHODS PubMed was interrogated using relevant keywords and word roots combining trophoblast, villus/villous, syncytio/syncytium, placenta, stem, transcription factor (and the individual genes), signalling, apoptosis, autophagy (and the respective genes) from 1960 to the present. Since removal of trophoblast from its tissue environment is known to fundamentally change cell growth and differentiation kinetics, research that relied exclusively on cell culture has not been the main focus of this review, though it is mentioned where appropriate. Work on non-human placenta is not systematically covered, though mention is made where relevant hypotheses have emerged. OUTCOMES The synthesis of data from the literature has led to a new hypothesis for vCTB dynamics. We propose that a reversible transition can occur from a reserve population in G0 to a mitotically active state. Cells from the in-cycle population can then differentiate irreversibly to intermediate cells that leave the cycle and turn on genes that confer the capacity to fuse with the overlying vSTB as well as other functions associated with syncytial barrier and transport function. We speculate that alterations in the rate of entry to the cell cycle, or return of cells in the mitotic fraction to G0, can occur in response to environmental challenge. We also review evidence on the life cycle of trophoblast from the time that fusion occurs, and point to gaps in knowledge of how large quantities of fetal DNA arrive in maternal circulation. We critique historical methodology and make a case for research to re-address questions about trophoblast lifecycle and dynamics in normal pregnancy and the common diseases of pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction, where altered trophoblast kinetics have long been postulated. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The hypothesis requires experimental testing, moving research away from currently accepted methodology towards a new standard that includes representative cell and tissue sampling, assessment of cell cycle and differentiation parameters, and robust classification of cell subpopulations in villous trophoblast, with due attention to gestational age, maternal and fetal phenotype, disease and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Carolyn J P Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Lee B, Norwitz E, Hwang IS, Woo JY, Hwang SO, Lee HJ. Impact of Progesterone on Molecular Mechanisms of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:3137-3146. [PMID: 34106437 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role and mechanisms of progesterone in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms of action of progesterone in pre-labor full-term fetal amniotic membrane cells with and without stimulation by microbial, pro-inflammatory, or thrombogenic agents. Fetal amniotic membranes were collected from 30 women with a normal singleton pregnancy undergoing elective cesarean section at term prior to the onset of labor. The human amniotic epithelial cells isolated were pretreated with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate for 24 h. Then, cells were treated with and without TLR/NLR agonists, pro-inflammatory cytokines, or thrombin for 48 h. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, and caspase-3 activity measurement were performed. Progesterone stimulation decreased the expression of TLR2, TLR5, and Nod2 genes (alone and/or in combination with TLR/NLR agonists) and decreased the expression of IL-1β and IL-8 genes increased by stimulation with specific agonists for TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, Nod1, and Nod2. Moreover, progesterone decreased thrombin-induced IL-8 gene expression. Progesterone also decreased expression of Bax and Bid proteins (pro-apoptotic factors) increased by stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, NGAL, IL-18, and IL-1β) and thrombin. Progesterone stimulation alone as well as co-stimulation with TNF-α, NGAL, IL-18, IL-1β, or thrombin with progesterone either increased, decreased, or did not change the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, or XIAP genes (anti-apoptotic factors). These data suggest progesterone plays protective roles against PPROM through anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-thrombogenic actions on human-term fetal amniotic membrane cells. Progesterone alters pro-inflammatory cytokine- and thrombin-induced apoptosis by controlling the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banghyun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Errol Norwitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - In Sun Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Woo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ook Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Joong Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 271, Cheonbo-Ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea.
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Sánchez-Luquez K, Schadock IC, Gonçalves CV, Tornatore M, Finger-Jardim F, Avila EC, Soares MA, de Martínez AMB, Ellwanger JH, Chies JAB, da Hora VP. Impact of TLR7 and TLR9 polymorphisms on susceptibility to placental infections and pregnancy complications. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 146:103342. [PMID: 34102513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of the TLR7 Gln11Leu (rs179008) and TLR9 -1237 T/C (rs5743836) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on susceptibility to placental infections and pregnancy complications in 455 Brazilian women. Demographic, socioeconomic, gynecological, and clinical characteristics of the women were collected. Placental tissues were sampled from pregnant women and human and viral DNA was extracted. Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (Herpes simplex virus type 1, HSV-1), Human alphaherpesvirus 2 (Herpes simplex virus type 2, HSV-2) and Human betaherpesvirus 5 (Human cytomegalovirus, HCMV) were detected by nested PCR. TLR9 and TLR7 SNPs were genotyped by PCR amplification of bi-directional specific alleles (Bi-PASA) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), respectively. Infections at the time of birth were detected in 45.71 % of women. The presence of the TT genotype (recessive model) of the TLR7 SNP was associated with increased susceptibility to HSV-1 infection (O.R. = 2.23, p = 0.05). The presence of the C allele of the TLR9 SNP, in heterozygosis or homozygosis (dominant model), decreased the infection risk by HCMV (O.R. = 0.31, p-mod<0.05). The TT genotype (recessive model) of the TLR7 SNP was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with increased occurrence of pre-treated hypertension. The codominant model of the TLR9 SNP was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with reduced risk of hospitalization during pregnancy. In combination, the AA/CT (TLR7-TLR9) genotypes significantly decreased the risk of placental infection by HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 (O.R. = 0.47, p = 0.02), the susceptibility to all infectious agents considered in combination (O.R. = 0.4, p = 0.00), and the need of hospitalization (O.R. = 0.48, p = 0.02). In conclusion, TLR7 and TLR9 SNPs are potential modulating factors for the risk of placental infections and pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sánchez-Luquez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Ines Claudia Schadock
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carla Vitola Gonçalves
- Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Michele Tornatore
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Finger-Jardim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Emiliana Claro Avila
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Soares
- Oncovirology Program, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Barral de Martínez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vanusa Pousada da Hora
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Zaga-Clavellina V, Diaz L, Olmos-Ortiz A, Godínez-Rubí M, Rojas-Mayorquín AE, Ortuño-Sahagún D. Central role of the placenta during viral infection: Immuno-competences and miRNA defensive responses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166182. [PMID: 34058350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique immunological condition in which an "immune-diplomatic" dialogue between trophoblasts and maternal immune cells is established to protect the fetus from rejection, to create a privileged environment in the uterus and to simultaneously be alert to any infectious challenge. The maternal-placental-fetal interface (MPFI) performs an essential role in this immunological defense. In this review, we will address the MPFI as an active immuno-mechanical barrier that protects against viral infections. We will describe the main viral infections affecting the placenta and trophoblasts and present their structure, mechanisms of immunocompetence and defensive responses to viral infections in pregnancy. In particular, we will analyze infection routes in the placenta and trophoblasts and the maternal-fetal outcomes in both. Finally, we will focus on the cellular targets of the antiviral microRNAs from the C19MC cluster, and their effects at both the intra- and extracellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Zaga-Clavellina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México C.P. 11000, Mexico
| | - Lorenza Diaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, INPer, Ciudad de México C.P. 11000, Mexico
| | - Marisol Godínez-Rubí
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Argelia E Rojas-Mayorquín
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Guadalajara 45200, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB) CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico.
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Modulation of Bovine Endometrial Cell Receptors and Signaling Pathways as a Nanotherapeutic Exploration against Dairy Cow Postpartum Endometritis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061516. [PMID: 34071093 PMCID: PMC8224678 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The provision of updated information on the molecular pathogenesis of bovine endometritis with host-pathogen interactions and the possibility of exploring the cellular sensors mechanism in a nanotechnology-based drug delivery system against persistent endometritis were reported in this review. The mechanism of Gram-negative bacteria and their ligands has been vividly explored, with the paucity of research detail on Gram-positive bacteria in bovine endometritis. The function of cell receptors, biomolecules proteins, and sensors were reportedly essential in transferring signals into cell signaling pathways to induce immuno-inflammatory responses by elevating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, understanding endometrial cellular components and signaling mechanisms across pathogenesis are essential for nanotherapeutic exploration against bovine endometritis. The nanotherapeutic discovery that could inhibit infectious signals at the various cell receptors and signal transduction levels, interfering with transcription factors activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines and gene expression, significantly halts endometritis. Abstract In order to control and prevent bovine endometritis, there is a need to understand the molecular pathogenesis of the infectious disease. Bovine endometrium is usually invaded by a massive mobilization of microorganisms, especially bacteria, during postpartum dairy cows. Several reports have implicated the Gram-negative bacteria in the pathogenesis of bovine endometritis, with information dearth on the potentials of Gram-positive bacteria and their endotoxins. The invasive bacteria and their ligands pass through cellular receptors such as TLRs, NLRs, and biomolecular proteins of cells activate the specific receptors, which spontaneously stimulates cellular signaling pathways like MAPK, NF-kB and sequentially triggers upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The cascade of inflammatory induction involves a dual signaling pathway; the transcription factor NF-κB is released from its inhibitory molecule and can bind to various inflammatory genes promoter. The MAPK pathways are concomitantly activated, leading to specific phosphorylation of the NF-κB. The provision of detailed information on the molecular pathomechanism of bovine endometritis with the interaction between host endometrial cells and invasive bacteria in this review would widen the gap of exploring the potential of receptors and signal transduction pathways in nanotechnology-based drug delivery system. The nanotherapeutic discovery of endometrial cell receptors, signal transduction pathway, and cell biomolecules inhibitors could be developed for strategic inhibition of infectious signals at the various cell receptors and signal transduction levels, interfering on transcription factors activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines and genes expression, which may significantly protect endometrium against postpartum microbial invasion.
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Rong M, Yan X, Zhang H, Zhou C, Zhang C. Dysfunction of Decidual Macrophages Is a Potential Risk Factor in the Occurrence of Preeclampsia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:655655. [PMID: 34054819 PMCID: PMC8152936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.655655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multi-factorial and multi-genetic disorder that affects more than eight million mother and baby pairs each year. Currently, most of the attention to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia has been focused on placenta, but recent progresses suggest that excellent decidualization lays foundation for placentation and growth. Moreover, preeclampsia is associated with an imbalance in immunoregulatory mechanisms, however, how the immune regulatory system in the decidua affects preeclampsia is still unclear. In our study, after intersecting the genes of differentially expressed between preeclampsia and the control gotten by conventional expression profile analysis and the genes contained in the ligand receptor network, we found eight differentially expressed genes in a ligand-receptor relationship, and the eight genes have a characteristic: most of them participate in the interaction between decidual macrophages and other decidual immune cells. The results of single-cell sequencing of decidual cells further demonstrated that decidual macrophages affect the functions of other immune cells through export. As a result, abnormal gene expression affects the export function of decidual macrophages, which in turn affects the interaction of decidual macrophages with other immune cells, thereby destroying the original immune regulation mechanism, and ultimately leading to the occurrence of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Rong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Xingyu Yan
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongya Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Chan Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
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Todros T, Paulesu L, Cardaropoli S, Rolfo A, Masturzo B, Ermini L, Romagnoli R, Ietta F. Role of the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in the Pathophysiology of Pre-Eclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1823. [PMID: 33673075 PMCID: PMC7917653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are produced in pregnancy in response to the invading pathogens and/or nonmicrobial causes such as damage-associated molecules and embryonic semi-allogenic antigens. While inflammation is essential for a successful pregnancy, an excessive inflammatory response is implicated in several pathologies including pre-eclampsia (PE). This review focuses on the proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a critical regulator of the innate immune response and a major player of processes allowing normal placental development. PE is a severe pregnancy-related syndrome characterized by exaggerated inflammatory response and generalized endothelial damage. In some cases, usually of early onset, it originates from a maldevelopment of the placenta, and is associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (placental PE). In other cases, usually of late onset, pre-pregnancy maternal diseases represent risk factors for the development of the disease (maternal PE). Available data suggest that low MIF production in early pregnancy could contribute to the abnormal placentation. The resulting placental hypoxia in later pregnancy could produce high release of MIF in maternal serum typical of placental PE. More studies are needed to understand the role of MIF, if any, in maternal PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullia Todros
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy; (T.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Luana Paulesu
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.E.); (R.R.); (F.I.)
| | - Simona Cardaropoli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Rolfo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy; (T.T.); (A.R.)
| | | | - Leonardo Ermini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.E.); (R.R.); (F.I.)
| | - Roberta Romagnoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.E.); (R.R.); (F.I.)
| | - Francesca Ietta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.E.); (R.R.); (F.I.)
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Schust DJ, Bonney EA, Sugimoto J, Ezashi T, Roberts RM, Choi S, Zhou J. The Immunology of Syncytialized Trophoblast. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041767. [PMID: 33578919 PMCID: PMC7916661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multinucleate syncytialized trophoblast is found in three forms in the human placenta. In the earliest stages of pregnancy, it is seen at the invasive leading edge of the implanting embryo and has been called primitive trophoblast. In later pregnancy, it is represented by the immense, multinucleated layer covering the surface of placental villi and by the trophoblast giant cells found deep within the uterine decidua and myometrium. These syncytia interact with local and/or systemic maternal immune effector cells in a fine balance that allows for invasion and persistence of allogeneic cells in a mother who must retain immunocompetence for 40 weeks of pregnancy. Maternal immune interactions with syncytialized trophoblast require tightly regulated mechanisms that may differ depending on the location of fetal cells and their invasiveness, the nature of the surrounding immune effector cells and the gestational age of the pregnancy. Some specifically reflect the unique mechanisms involved in trophoblast cell–cell fusion (aka syncytialization). Here we will review and summarize several of the mechanisms that support healthy maternal–fetal immune interactions specifically at syncytiotrophoblast interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny J. Schust
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65202, USA; (T.E.); (R.M.R.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elizabeth A. Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Jun Sugimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan;
| | - Toshi Ezashi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65202, USA; (T.E.); (R.M.R.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - R. Michael Roberts
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65202, USA; (T.E.); (R.M.R.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sehee Choi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65202, USA; (T.E.); (R.M.R.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65202, USA; (T.E.); (R.M.R.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Berishvili E, Kaiser L, Cohen M, Berney T, Scholz H, Floisand Y, Mattsson J. Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia: the Case for Placenta-derived Cell Therapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:63-70. [PMID: 32696426 PMCID: PMC7372209 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 500'000 fatalities due to COVID-19 have been reported globally and the death toll is still rising. Most deaths are due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as a result of an excessive immune response and a cytokine storm elicited by severe SARS-CoV-2 lung infection, rather than by a direct cytopathic effect of the virus. In the most severe forms of the disease therapies should aim primarily at dampening the uncontrolled inflammatory/immune response responsible for most fatalities. Pharmacological agents - antiviral and anti-inflammatory molecules - have not been able so far to achieve compelling results for the control of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Cells derived from the placenta and/or fetal membranes, in particular amniotic epithelial cells (AEC) and decidual stromal cells (DSC), have established, well-characterized, potent anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties that make them attractive candidates for a cell-based therapy of COVID19 pneumonia. Placenta-derived cells are easy to procure from a perennial source and pose minimal ethical issues for their utilization. In view of the existing clinical evidence for the innocuousness and efficiency of systemic administration of DSCs or AECs in similar conditions, we advocate for the initiation of clinical trials using this strategy in the treatment of severe COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterine Berishvili
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical and Public Health Research, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1, rue Michel-Servet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Virology Laboratory and Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Transplantation, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Department of Transplant Medicine, Department of Cellular Therapy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvar Floisand
- Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Gloria and Seymour Epstein Chair in Cell Therapy and Transplantation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cinicola B, Conti MG, Terrin G, Sgrulletti M, Elfeky R, Carsetti R, Fernandez Salinas A, Piano Mortari E, Brindisi G, De Curtis M, Zicari AM, Moschese V, Duse M. The Protective Role of Maternal Immunization in Early Life. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:638871. [PMID: 33996688 PMCID: PMC8113393 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.638871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With birth, the newborn is transferred from a quasi-sterile environment to the outside world. At this time, the neonatal immune system is inexperienced and continuously subject to a process of development as it encounters different antigenic stimuli after birth. It is initially characterized by a bias toward T helper 2 phenotype, reduced T helper 1, and cytotoxic responses to microbial stimuli, low levels of memory, and effector T and B cells and a high production of suppressive T regulatory cells. The aim of this setting, during fetal life, is to maintain an anti-inflammatory state and immune-tolerance. Maternal antibodies are transferred during pregnancy through the placenta and, in the first weeks of life of the newborn, they represent a powerful tool for protection. Thus, optimization of vaccination in pregnancy represents an important strategy to reduce the burden of neonatal infections and sepsis. Beneficial effects of maternal immunization are universally recognized, although the optimal timing of vaccination in pregnancy remains to be defined. Interestingly, the dynamic exchange that takes place at the fetal-maternal interface allows the transfer not only of antibodies, but also of maternal antigen presenting cells, probably in order to stimulate the developing fetal immune system in a harmless way. There are still controversial effects related to maternal immunization including the so called "immunology blunting," i.e., a dampened antibody production following infant's vaccination in those infants who received placentally transferred maternal immunity. However, clinical relevance of this phenomenon is still not clear. This review will provide an overview of the evolution of the immune system in early life and discuss the benefits of maternal vaccination. Current maternal vaccination policies and their rationale will be summarized on the road to promising approaches to enhance immunity in the neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Cinicola
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Conti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Terrin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mayla Sgrulletti
- Pediatric Immunopathology and Allergology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Ph.D. Program in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Reem Elfeky
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Infection, Immunity & Inflammation Department, Institute of Child Health, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ane Fernandez Salinas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Piano Mortari
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Brindisi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario De Curtis
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zicari
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Moschese
- Pediatric Immunopathology and Allergology Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Duse
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Naim N, Amrit FRG, McClendon TB, Yanowitz JL, Ghazi A. The molecular tug of war between immunity and fertility: Emergence of conserved signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000103. [PMID: 33169418 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction and immunity are energy intensive, intimately linked processes in most organisms. In women, pregnancy is associated with widespread immunological adaptations that alter immunity to many diseases, whereas, immune dysfunction has emerged as a major cause for infertility in both men and women. Deciphering the molecular bases of this dynamic association is inherently challenging in mammals. This relationship has been traditionally studied in fast-living, invertebrate species, often in the context of resource allocation between life history traits. More recently, these studies have advanced our understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of the immunity-fertility dialogue. Here, we review the molecular connections between reproduction and immunity from the perspective of human pregnancy to mechanistic discoveries in laboratory organisms. We focus particularly on recent invertebrate studies identifying conserved signaling pathways and transcription factors that regulate resource allocation and shape the balance between reproductive status and immune health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Naim
- Departments of Pediatrics, Developmental Biology and Cell Biology and Physiology, John, G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francis R G Amrit
- Departments of Pediatrics, Developmental Biology and Cell Biology and Physiology, John, G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - T Brooke McClendon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Judith L Yanowitz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arjumand Ghazi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Developmental Biology and Cell Biology and Physiology, John, G. Rangos Sr. Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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45
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Cornish EF, Filipovic I, Åsenius F, Williams DJ, McDonnell T. Innate Immune Responses to Acute Viral Infection During Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:572567. [PMID: 33101294 PMCID: PMC7556209 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.572567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological adaptations in pregnancy allow maternal tolerance of the semi-allogeneic fetus but also increase maternal susceptibility to infection. At implantation, the endometrial stroma, glands, arteries and immune cells undergo anatomical and functional transformation to create the decidua, the specialized secretory endometrium of pregnancy. The maternal decidua and the invading fetal trophoblast constitute a dynamic junction that facilitates a complex immunological dialogue between the two. The decidual and peripheral immune systems together assume a pivotal role in regulating the critical balance between tolerance and defense against infection. Throughout pregnancy, this equilibrium is repeatedly subjected to microbial challenge. Acute viral infection in pregnancy is associated with a wide spectrum of adverse consequences for both mother and fetus. Vertical transmission from mother to fetus can cause developmental anomalies, growth restriction, preterm birth and stillbirth, while the mother is predisposed to heightened morbidity and maternal death. A rapid, effective response to invasive pathogens is therefore essential in order to avoid overwhelming maternal infection and consequent fetal compromise. This sentinel response is mediated by the innate immune system: a heritable, highly evolutionarily conserved system comprising physical barriers, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and a variety of immune cells—principally neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells—which express pattern-receptors that detect invariant molecular signatures unique to pathogenic micro-organisms. Recognition of these signatures during acute infection triggers signaling cascades that enhance antimicrobial properties such as phagocytosis, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of the complement system. As well as coordinating the initial immune response, macrophages and dendritic cells present microbial antigens to lymphocytes, initiating and influencing the development of specific, long-lasting adaptive immunity. Despite extensive progress in unraveling the immunological adaptations of pregnancy, pregnant women remain particularly susceptible to certain acute viral infections and continue to experience mortality rates equivalent to those observed in pandemics several decades ago. Here, we focus specifically on the pregnancy-induced vulnerabilities in innate immunity that contribute to the disproportionately high maternal mortality observed in the following acute viral infections: Lassa fever, Ebola virus disease (EVD), dengue fever, hepatitis E, influenza, and novel coronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Cornish
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iva Filipovic
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrika Åsenius
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Williams
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas McDonnell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Expression and Functionality Study of 9 Toll-Like Receptors in 33 Drug-Naïve Non-Affective First Episode Psychosis Individuals: A 3-Month Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176106. [PMID: 32854231 PMCID: PMC7504008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a pivotal component of the innate immune system that seem to have a role in the pathogenesis of psychosis. The purpose of this work was to compare the expression and functionality of 9 TLRs in three peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (monocytes, B cells, and T cells) between 33 drug-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) individuals and 26 healthy volunteers, at baseline and after 3-month of antipsychotic treatment. The expression of TLRs 1–9 were assessed by flow cytometry. For the assessment of the TLR functionality, cells collected in sodium heparin tubes were polyclonally stimulated for 18 h, with different agonists for human TLR1–9. The results of our study highlight the role that TLR5 and TLR8 might play in the pathophysiology of psychosis. We found a lower expression of these receptors in FEP individuals, regarding healthy volunteers at baseline and after 3-month of treatment on the three PBMCs subsets. Most TLRs showed a lower functionality (especially reduced intracellular levels of TNF-α) in patients than in healthy volunteers. These results, together with previous evidence, suggest that individuals with psychosis might show a pattern of TLR expression that differs from that of healthy volunteers, which could vary according to the intensity of immune/inflammatory response.
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47
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Role of Human Leukocyte Antigens at the Feto-Maternal Interface in Normal and Pathological Pregnancy: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134756. [PMID: 32635423 PMCID: PMC7370064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful maternal tolerance of the semi-allogeneic fetus provides an apparent immunologic paradox. Indeed, deep invasion of placental trophoblast cells into maternal uterine tissue and the following growth of the fetus have to be tolerated by a pregnant woman’s immune system. Among the various possible protective mechanisms that may be involved in human pregnancy, the expression of a non-classical pattern of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules and the complete lack of expression of HLA class II molecules in placental tissues seem to be the most relevant mechanisms of fetal escape from maternal immune recognition. The importance of HLA molecules in fetal toleration by the maternal immune system is highlighted by pregnancy complications occurring in cases of abnormal HLA molecule expression at the maternal–fetal interface. In this review, we summarize evidences about the role of placental HLA molecules in normal and pathological pregnancies.
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48
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Jiménez-Pelayo L, García-Sánchez M, Collantes-Fernández E, Regidor-Cerrillo J, Horcajo P, Gutiérrez-Expósito D, Espinosa J, Benavides J, Osoro K, Pfarrer C, Ortega-Mora LM. Crosstalk between Neospora caninum and the bovine host at the maternal-foetal interface determines the outcome of infection. Vet Res 2020; 51:83. [PMID: 32552750 PMCID: PMC7302351 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan cyst-forming parasite that is considered one of the main causes of abortion. The pathogenic mechanisms associated with parasite virulence at the maternal-foetal interface that are responsible for the outcome of infection are largely unknown. Here, utilizing placentomes from cattle experimentally infected with high-virulence (Nc-Spain7) and low-virulence (Nc-Spain1H) isolates, we studied key elements of the innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), at 10 and 20 days post-infection (dpi). The low-virulence isolate elicited a robust immune response characterized by upregulation of genes involved in pathogen recognition, chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, crucial for its adequate control. In addition, Nc-Spain1H triggered the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and other mechanisms implicated in the maintenance of ECM integrity to ensure foetal survival. In contrast, local immune responses were initially (10 dpi) impaired by Nc-Spain7, allowing parasite multiplication. Subsequently (20 dpi), a predominantly pro-inflammatory Th1-based response and an increase in leucocyte infiltration were observed. Moreover, Nc-Spain7-infected placentomes from animals carrying non-viable foetuses exhibited higher expression of the IL-8, TNF-α, iNOS and SERP-1 genes and lower expression of the metalloproteases and their inhibitors than Nc-Spain7-infected placentomes from animals carrying viable foetuses. In addition, profound placental damage characterized by an alteration in the ECM organization in necrotic foci, which could contribute to foetal death, was found. Two different host-parasite interaction patterns were observed at the bovine placenta as representative examples of different evolutionary strategies used by this parasite for transmission to offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jiménez-Pelayo
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta García-Sánchez
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Collantes-Fernández
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Regidor-Cerrillo
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET-innova, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Horcajo
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Espinosa
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), 24346 León, Spain
| | - Julio Benavides
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), 24346 León, Spain
| | - Koldo Osoro
- Regional Service for Research and Agri-Food Development (SERIDA), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Christiane Pfarrer
- Department of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SALUVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Schumacher A, Zenclussen AC. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Mediated Immune Responses That Facilitate Embryo Implantation and Placentation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2896. [PMID: 31921157 PMCID: PMC6914810 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) serves as one of the first signals provided by the embryo to the mother. Exactly at the time when the first step of the implantation process is initiated and the blastocyst adheres to the maternal endometrium, the embryonic tissue starts to actively secrete hCG. Shortly thereafter, the hormone can be detected in the maternal circulation where its concentration steadily increases throughout early pregnancy as it is continuously released by the forming placenta. Accumulating evidence underlines the critical function of hCG for embryo implantation and placentation. hCG not only regulates biological aspects of these early pregnancy events but also supports maternal immune cells in their function as helpers in the establishment of an adequate embryo-endometrial relationship. In view of its early presence in the maternal circulation, hCG has the potential to influence both local uterine immune cell populations as well as peripheral ones. The current review aims to summarize recent literature on the participation of innate and adaptive immune cells in embryo implantation and placentation with a specific focus on their regulation by hCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Schumacher
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ana C Zenclussen
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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