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Mishra B, Yadav AS, Malhotra D, Mitra T, Sinsinwar S, Radharani NNV, Sahoo SR, Patnaik S, Kundu GC. Chitosan Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Curcumin Suppresses Tumor Growth in Breast Cancer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1294. [PMID: 39120399 PMCID: PMC11314098 DOI: 10.3390/nano14151294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin is a nutraceutical known to have numerous medicinal effects including anticancer activity. However, due to its poor water solubility and bioavailability, the therapeutic impact of curcumin against cancer, including breast cancer, has been constrained. Encapsulating curcumin into chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) is an effective method to increase its bioavailability as well as antitumorigenic activity. In the current study, the effects of curcumin-encapsulated CHNPs (Cur-CHNPs) on cell migration, targeted homing and tumor growth were examined using in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models. Cur-CHNPs possessed a monodispersed nature with long-term colloidal stability, and demonstrated significant inhibition of cell viability in vitro, which was potentiated by 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Outcomes of the in vivo imaging studies confirmed effective tumor targeting and retention ability of Cur-CHNPs, thereby suppressing breast tumor growth in mice models. Overall, the results demonstrated that Cur-CHNPs could be an effective candidate drug formulation for management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnalee Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India; (B.M.); (A.S.Y.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (N.N.V.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Amit Singh Yadav
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India; (B.M.); (A.S.Y.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (N.N.V.R.); (S.P.)
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune 411007, India
| | - Diksha Malhotra
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India; (B.M.); (A.S.Y.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (N.N.V.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Tandrima Mitra
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India; (B.M.); (A.S.Y.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (N.N.V.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Simran Sinsinwar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India; (B.M.); (A.S.Y.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (N.N.V.R.); (S.P.)
| | - N. N. V. Radharani
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India; (B.M.); (A.S.Y.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (N.N.V.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Saroj Ranjan Sahoo
- Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar 751024, India;
| | - Srinivas Patnaik
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India; (B.M.); (A.S.Y.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (N.N.V.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Gopal C. Kundu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India; (B.M.); (A.S.Y.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (S.S.); (N.N.V.R.); (S.P.)
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune 411007, India
- Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar 751024, India;
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2
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Cai Z, Zeng Y, Liu Z, Zhu R, Wang W. Curcumin Alleviates Epidermal Psoriasis-Like Dermatitis and IL-6/STAT3 Pathway of Mice. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:2399-2408. [PMID: 37675183 PMCID: PMC10478781 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s423922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Background To further investigate why curcumin (CUR) can attenuate psoriasis-like dermatitis of mice. Methods and Results Sixteen mice were randomized into four groups. The control group used carrier cream, and the model and the CUR group were applied with topical 5% imiquimod in the naked mice skin once a day for 6 days (62.5 mg/day/mice). Meanwhile, the control and model mice were given the same dose of saline by oral means, while mice in the CUR groups received oral drug doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg once a day for 6 days, respectively. CUR could largely improve imiquimod-induced lesions of mice. By using the ELISA and qPCR, we found that the protein and mRNA levels of epidermal TNF-α and IL-6 were inhibited by CUR. The phosphorylation levels of STAT3 and its downstream associated protein levels (eg, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and Pim1) in skin tissues of different groups were also inhibited by CUR. Furthermore, the results of immunohistochemistry also showed the repressed effect of CUR for the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and p-STAT3 in psoriasis-like lesions of mice. Conclusion CUR can effectively ameliorate the featured lesions of psoriasis mice, which may be closely associated with the involvement of IL-6/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibin Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University/Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, 201199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuohang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University/Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, 201199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruizheng Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University/Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, 201199, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wuqing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University/Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, 201199, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Bachmeier BE. Novel Insights into the Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin and Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108837. [PMID: 37240182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyphenol curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is extracted from the plant turmeric (Curcuma longa), and it is widely used as a spice component or coloring agent [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice E Bachmeier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Clariano M, Marques V, Vaz J, Awam S, Afonso MB, Jesus Perry M, Rodrigues CMP. Monocarbonyl Analogs of Curcumin with Potential to Treat Colorectal Cancer. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300222. [PMID: 36807727 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has a plethora of biological properties, making this compound potentially effective in the treatment of several diseases, including cancer. However, curcumin clinical use is compromised by its poor pharmacokinetics, being crucial to find novel analogs with better pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties. Here, we aimed to evaluate the stability, bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles of monocarbonyl analogs of curcumin. A small library of monocarbonyl analogs of curcumin 1a-q was synthesized. Lipophilicity and stability in physiological conditions were both assessed by HPLC-UV, while two different methods assessed the electrophilic character of each compound monitored by NMR and by UV-spectroscopy. The potential therapeutic effect of the analogs 1a-q was evaluated in human colon carcinoma cells and toxicity in immortalized hepatocytes. Our results showed that the curcumin analog 1e is a promising agent against colorectal cancer, with improved stability and efficacy/safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Clariano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, iMed.ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanda Marques
- Faculty of Pharmacy, iMed.ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Vaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, iMed.ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Salma Awam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, iMed.ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta B Afonso
- Faculty of Pharmacy, iMed.ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Jesus Perry
- Faculty of Pharmacy, iMed.ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmacy, iMed.ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Santhamoorthy M, Vy Phan TT, Ramkumar V, Raorane CJ, Thirupathi K, Kim SC. Thermo-Sensitive Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-polyacrylamide) Hydrogel for pH-Responsive Therapeutic Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194128. [PMID: 36236077 PMCID: PMC9572693 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-response polymeric nanoparticles have emerged as a carrier system for various types of therapeutic delivery. In this study, we prepared a dual pH- and thermo-sensitive copolymer hydrogel (HG) system (PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG), using N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAm) and acrylamide (AAm) as comonomers. The synthesized PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG was characterized using various instrumental characterizations. Moreover, the PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG's thermoresponsive phase transition behavior was investigated, and the results showed that the prepared HG responds to temperature changes. In vitro drug loading and release behavior of PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG was investigated using Curcumin (Cur) as the model cargo under different pH and temperature conditions. The PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG showed pH and temperature-responsive drug release behavior and demonstrated about 65% Cur loading efficiency. A nearly complete release of the loaded Cur occurred from the PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG over 4 h at pH 5.5 and 40 °C. The cytotoxicity study was performed on a liver cancer cell line (HepG2 cells), which revealed that the prepared PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG showed good biocompatibility, suggesting that it could be applied as a drug delivery carrier. Moreover, the in vitro cytocompatibility test (MTT assay) results revealed that the PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG is biocompatible. Therefore, the PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG has the potential to be useful in the delivery of drugs in solid tumor-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhappan Santhamoorthy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (K.T.); (S.-C.K.)
| | - Thi Tuong Vy Phan
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Hai Chau, Danang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Hai Chau, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Vanaraj Ramkumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | | | - Kokila Thirupathi
- Department of Physics, Sri Moogambigai College of Arts and Science for Women, Palacode 636808, India
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (K.T.); (S.-C.K.)
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (K.T.); (S.-C.K.)
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Ojo OA, Adeyemo TR, Rotimi D, Batiha GES, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Iyobhebhe ME, Elebiyo TC, Atunwa B, Ojo AB, Lima CMG, Conte-Junior CA. Anticancer Properties of Curcumin Against Colorectal Cancer: A Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:881641. [PMID: 35530318 PMCID: PMC9072734 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.881641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and reoccurring diseases, as well as the world’s second largest cause of mortality. Despite existing preventative, diagnostic, and treatment methods, such as chemotherapy, the number of instances rises year after year. As a result, new effective medications targeting specific checkpoints should be developed to combat CRC. Natural compounds, such as curcumin, have shown significant anti-colorectal cancer characteristics among medications that can be used to treat CRC. These chemicals are phenolic compounds that belong to the curcuminoids category. Curcumin exerts its anti-proliferative properties against CRC cell lines in vitro and in vivo via a variety of mechanisms, including the suppression of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways, the stoppage of the cell cycle, and the activation of autophagy. Curcumin also has anti-angiogenesis properties. Thus, this review is aimed at emphasizing the biological effect and mode of action of curcumin on CRC. Furthermore, the critical role of these substances in CRC chemoprevention was emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo,
| | - Temiloluwa Rhoda Adeyemo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Damilare Rotimi
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department and Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Matthew Eboseremen Iyobhebhe
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Tobiloba Christiana Elebiyo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | - Bukola Atunwa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Unit, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETED), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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7
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Xu X, Jia L, Ma X, Li H, Sun C. Application Potential of Plant-Derived Medicines in Prevention and Treatment of Platinum-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:792331. [PMID: 35095502 PMCID: PMC8793340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.792331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As observed with other chemotherapeutic agents, the clinical application of platinum agents is a double-edged sword. Platinum-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a common adverse event that negatively affects clinical outcomes and patients’ quality of life. Considering the unavailability of effective established agents for preventing or treating PIPN and the increasing population of cancer survivors, the identification and development of novel, effective interventions are the need of the hour. Plant-derived medicines, recognized as ideal agents, can not only help improve PIPN without affecting chemotherapy efficacy, but may also produce synergy. In this review, we present a brief summary of the mechanisms of platinum agents and PIPN and then focus on exploring the preventive or curative effects and underlying mechanisms of plant-derived medicines, which have been evaluated under platinum-induced neurotoxicity conditions. We identified 11 plant extracts as well as 17 plant secondary metabolites, and four polyherbal preparations. Their effects against PIPN are focused on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, glial activation and inflammation response, and ion channel dysfunction. Also, ten clinical trials have assessed the effect of herbal products in patients with PIPN. The understanding of the molecular mechanism is still limited, the quality of clinical trials need to be further improved, and in terms of their efficacy, safety, and cost effectiveness studies have not provided sufficient evidence to establish a standard practice. But plant-derived medicines have been found to be invaluable sources for the development of natural agents with beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of PIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liqun Jia
- Oncology Department of Integrative Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huayao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China.,Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Chalichem NSS, Jupudi S, Yasam VR, Basavan D. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory action of Calebin A: An in silico and in vitro analysis. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 12:663-672. [PMID: 34756798 PMCID: PMC8642699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, the enhancers of incretin are used for the treatment of diabetes. The non-glycaemic actions of these drugs (under developmental stage) also proved that repurposing of these molecules may be advantageous for other few complicated disorders like cardiovascular diseases, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc. OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed to investigate the DPP-IV inhibitory potential of Calebin-A, one of the constituents of Curcuma longa. MATERIAL AND METHODS The phytoconstituent was subjected for various in silico studies (using Schrödinger Suite) like, Docking analysis, molecular mechanics combined with generalized Born model and solvent accessibility method (MMGBSA) and Induced fit docking (IFD) after validating the protein using Ramachandran plot. Further, the protein-ligand complex was subjected to molecular dynamic simulation studies for 50 nanoseconds. And finally, the results were confirmed through enzyme inhibition study. RESULTS Insilico results revealed possible inhibitory binding interactions in the catalytic pocket (importantly Glu205, Glu206 and Tyr 662 etc.) and binding affinity in terms of glide g-score and MMGBSA dG bind values were found to be -6.2 kcal/mol and -98.721 kcal/mol. Further, the inhibitory action towards the enzyme was confirmed by an enzyme inhibition assay, in which it showed dose-dependent inhibition, with maximum % inhibition of 55.9 at 26.3 μM. From molecular dynamic studies (50 nanoseconds), it was understood that Calebin A was found to be stable for about 30 nanoseconds in maintaining inhibitory interactions. CONCLUSION From the in silico and in vitro analysis, the current research emphasizes the consideration of Calebin A to be as a promising or lead compound for the treatment of several ailments where DPP-IV action is culprit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehru Sai Suresh Chalichem
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, INDIA), Ooty, 643001, India.
| | - Srikanth Jupudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, INDIA), Ooty, 643001, India
| | - Venkata Ramesh Yasam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, INDIA), Ooty, 643001, India
| | - Duraiswamy Basavan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, INDIA), Ooty, 643001, India
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Liakopoulou A, Mourelatou E, Hatziantoniou S. Exploitation of traditional healing properties, using the nanotechnology's advantages: The case of curcumin. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1143-1155. [PMID: 34150524 PMCID: PMC8190487 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) has a long history of use as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and wound healing agent, for the treatment of various skin conditions. Encapsulation in nanocarriers may overcome the administration limitations of CUR, such as lipophilicity and photodegradation. Lipid nanocarriers with different matrix fluidity (Solid Lipid Nanoparticles; SLN, Nanostructured Lipid Carriers; NLC, and Nanoemulsion; NE) were prepared for the topical delivery of curcumin (CUR). The occlusive properties and film forming capacity, as well as the release profile of incorporated CUR, its protection against photodegradation and wound healing were studied in vitro, using empty nanocarriers or free CUR as control. The results suggest that incorporation of CUR in nanocarriers offers a significant protection against photodegradation that is not influenced by the matrix fluidity. However, this characteristic regulates properties such as the occlusion, the release rate and wound healing ability of CUR. Nanoparticles of low fluidity provided better surface occlusion, film forming capacity and retention of the incorporated CUR. All nanocarriers but especially NLC, achieved faster wound healing at lower dose of incorporated CUR. In conclusion, nanotechnology may enhance the action of CUR against skin conditions. Important characteristics of the nanocarrier such as matrix fluidity should be taken into consideration in the design of CUR nanosystems of optimal efficiency.
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Key Words
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CA, cellulose acetate
- CUR, curcumin
- Curcumin
- DLS, Dynamic Light Scattering
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DPBS, Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline
- ELS, Electrophoretic Light Scattering
- EtOH, ethanol
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- MeOH, methanol
- NE, nanoemulsion
- NLC, nanostructured lipid carriers
- Nanoemulsion
- Nanostructured lipid carrier
- Occlusion
- P/S, penicillin/streptomycin
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PdI, polydispersity index
- RH, relative humidity
- RT, room temperature
- SD, standard deviation
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- SLN, solid lipid nanoparticles
- Solid lipid nanoparticle
- TG, triglyceride
- Topical application
- UV-VIS, ultraviolet – visible spectrophotometry
- WFI, water for injection
- Wound healing
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Liakopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Elena Mourelatou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, CY-2417, P.O. Box 24005, CY-1700, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sophia Hatziantoniou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
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Lin CY, Kao SH, Hung LC, Chien HJ, Wang WH, Chang YW, Chen YH. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin E2 Production Is Inhibited by Tellimagrandin II in Mouse and Human Macrophages. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11050411. [PMID: 33946374 PMCID: PMC8146495 DOI: 10.3390/life11050411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis develops from a serious microbial infection that causes the immune system to go into overdrive. The major microorganisms that induce sepsis are Gram-negative bacteria with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in their cell walls. Nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are the key factors involved in the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory process. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of polyphenol Tellimagrandin II (TGII) on anti-inflammatory activity and its underlying basic mechanism in murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and human monocyte-derived macrophages. Macrophages with more than 90% cell viability were found in the cytotoxicity assay under 50 μM TGII. Pre- or post-treatment with TGII significantly reduced LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) protein and mRNA expression, reducing LPS-induced COX-2 protein. Downstream of NOS2 and COX-2, NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were significantly inhibited by TGII. Upstream of NOS2 and COX-2, phospho-p65, c-fos and phospho-c-jun were also reduced after pre-treatment with TGII. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are also critical to nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) stimulation, and phospho-p38 expression was found to have been blocked by TGII. TGII efficiently reduces LPS-induced NO production and its upstream regulatory factors, suggesting that TGII may be a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (H.-J.C.); (W.-H.W.)
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (S.-H.K.); (L.-C.H.); (Y.-W.C.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shih-Han Kao
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (S.-H.K.); (L.-C.H.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Ling-Chien Hung
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (S.-H.K.); (L.-C.H.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Hsin-Ju Chien
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (H.-J.C.); (W.-H.W.)
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (H.-J.C.); (W.-H.W.)
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (S.-H.K.); (L.-C.H.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Yu-Wei Chang
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (S.-H.K.); (L.-C.H.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (H.-J.C.); (W.-H.W.)
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (S.-H.K.); (L.-C.H.); (Y.-W.C.)
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 5677); Fax: +886-7-322-8547
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Forouzanfar F, Majeed M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Telomerase: A Target for Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1286:135-143. [PMID: 33725351 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55035-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Telomerases are attractive targets for development of new anticancer agents. Most tumors express the enzyme telomerase that maintains telomere length and thus ensures indefinite cell proliferation, a hallmark of cancer. Curcumin has been shown to be effective against several types of malignancies and has also been shown to have inhibitory effects on telomerase activity. Hence, the aim of this chapter is to review the available investigations of curcumin on telomerase activity. Based on the findings obtained from the different studies here, we conclude that the telomerase inhibitory effects of curcumin are integral to its anticancer activity, and thus curcumin may be useful therapeutically in the cancer field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
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12
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Wang N, Zhang Y, Liu H, Wang A, Ren T, Gou J, Zhang Y, Yin T, He H, Tang X. Toxicity Reduction and Efficacy Promotion of Doxorubicin in the Treatment of Breast Tumors Assisted by Enhanced Oral Absorption of Curcumin-Loaded Lipid-Polyester Mixed Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4533-4547. [PMID: 33201717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR), a polyphenol derived from turmeric, exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, it has poor water solubility, stability, and oral bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, lipid-polyester mixed nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in enteric polymer-EudragitL100-55(Eu) were formulated (CUR-NPs-Eu). NPs composed of mPEG-b-PCL have a hybrid core made up of middle chain triglyceride (MCT) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) for enhancing drug loading. The CUR-NPs with MCT content of 10% had a particle size of 121.2 ± 16.8 nm, ζ potential of -16.25 ± 1.38 mV, drug loading of 9.8%, and encapsulation efficiency of 87.4%. The transport of the CUR-NPs-Eu across Caco-2 monolayers is enhanced compared with CUR alone (1.98 ± 0.94 × 10-6 of curcumin versus 55.43 ± 6.06 × 10-6 cm/s of curcumin-loaded NPs) because of the non-disassociated nanostructure during absorption. The absolute bioavailability of CUR-NPs-Eu was 7.14%, which was drastically improved from 1.08% of the CUR suspension (CUR-Sus). Therefore, in the xenograft 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, increased drug accumulation in heart and tumor was noticed because of enhanced oral bioavailability of CUR. The chemosensitizing effect of CUR was attributed to its NF-κB reduction effect (148 ± 11.83 of DOX alone versus 104 ± 8.71 of combined therapy, ng/g tissue). The cardioprotective effect of CUR was associated with maintenance of cardiac antioxidant enzyme activity and down-regulation of NF-κB. This study provided a partial illustration of the mechanisms of chemosensitizing and cardioprotective effects of CUR utilizing the oral availability promotion effect brought by the NPs-Eu formulation. And these results further demonstrated that the capability of this NPs-Eu system in oral delivery of poorly soluble and poorly permeable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | | | | | - Andong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tianyang Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
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The Potential Effects of Curcumin on Pulmonary Fibroblasts of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)-Approaching with Next-Generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225458. [PMID: 33233354 PMCID: PMC7700625 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease. Currently, therapeutic options are limited for this fatal disease. Curcumin, with its pleiotropic effects, has been studied for its potential therapeutic utilities in various diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. However, the detailed mechanisms have not been studied comprehensively. We conducted a next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics study to investigate changes in the profiles of mRNA and microRNA after curcumin treatment in IPF fibroblasts. We identified 23 downregulated and 8 upregulated protein-coding genes in curcumin-treated IPF fibroblasts. Using STRING and IPA, we identified that suppression of cell cycle progression was the main cellular function associated with these differentially expressed genes. We also identified 13 downregulated and 57 upregulated microRNAs in curcumin-treated IPF fibroblasts. Further analysis identified a potential microRNA-mediated gene expression alteration in curcumin-treated IPF fibroblasts, namely, downregulated hsa-miR-6724-5p and upregulated KLF10. Therefore, curcumin might decrease the level of hsa-miR-6724-5p, leading to increased KLF10 expression, resulting in cell cycle arrest in curcumin-treated IPF fibroblasts. In conclusion, our findings might support the potential role of curcumin in the treatment of IPF, but further in-depth study is warranted to confirm our findings.
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A Computational Approach with Biological Evaluation: Combinatorial Treatment of Curcumin and Exemestane Synergistically Regulates DDX3 Expression in Cancer Cell Lines. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060857. [PMID: 32512851 PMCID: PMC7355417 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DDX3 belongs to RNA helicase family that demonstrates oncogenic properties and has gained wider attention due to its role in cancer progression, proliferation and transformation. Mounting reports have evidenced the role of DDX3 in cancers making it a promising target to abrogate DDX3 triggered cancers. Dual pharmacophore models were generated and were subsequently validated. They were used as 3D queries to screen the InterBioScreen database, resulting in the selection of curcumin that was escalated to molecular dynamics simulation studies. In vitro anti-cancer analysis was conducted on three cell lines such as MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and HeLa, which were evaluated along with exemestane. Curcumin was docked into the active site of the protein target (PDB code 2I4I) to estimate the binding affinity. The compound has interacted with two key residues and has displayed stable molecular dynamics simulation results. In vitro analysis has demonstrated that both the candidate compounds have reduced the expression of DDX3 in three cell lines. However, upon combinatorial treatment of curcumin (10 and 20 μM) and exemestane (50 μM) a synergism was exhibited, strikingly downregulating the DDX3 expression and has enhanced apoptosis in three cell lines. The obtained results illuminate the use of curcumin as an alternative DDX3 inhibitor and can serve as a chemical scaffold to design new small molecules.
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Mutual Two-Way Interactions of Curcumin and Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031055. [PMID: 32033441 PMCID: PMC7037549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, an herbal naturally occurring polyphenol, has recently been proposed for the treatment of neurodegenerative, neurological and cancer diseases due to its pleiotropic effect. Recent studies indicated that dysbiosis is associated with the abovementioned and other diseases, and gut microflora may be a new potential therapeutic target. The new working hypothesis that could explain the curative role of curcumin, despite its limited availability, is that curcumin acts indirectly on the brain, affecting the “gut–brain–microflora axis”, a complex two-way system in which the gut microbiome and its composition, are factors that preserve and determine brain health. It is therefore suspected that curcumin and its metabolites have a direct regulatory effect on gut microflora and vice versa, which may explain the paradox between curcumin’s poor bioavailability and its commonly reported therapeutic effects. Curcumin and its metabolites can have health benefits by eliminating intestinal microflora dysbiosis. In addition, curcumin undergoes enzymatic modifications by bacteria, forming pharmacologically more active metabolites than their parent, curcumin. In this review, we summarize a number of studies that highlight the interaction between curcumin and gut microbiota and vice versa, and we consider the possibility of microbiome-targeted therapies using curcumin, particularly in disease entities currently without causal treatment.
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Chang YW, Huang WC, Lin CY, Wang WH, Hung LC, Chen YH. Tellimagrandin II, A Type of Plant Polyphenol Extracted from Trapa bispinosa Inhibits Antibiotic Resistance of Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225790. [PMID: 31752109 PMCID: PMC6888525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a critical global concern. Identifying new candidates of anti-S. aureus agents is urgently required because the therapeutic strategies for infected patients are limited currently. Therefore, the present study investigated whether Tellimagrandin II (TGII), a pure compound extracted from the shells of Trapa bispinosa, exhibits antibacterial effects against MRSA. We first showed that TGII exerted potent inhibitory activity against MRSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 128 μg/mL. The obtained fractional inhibitory concentration suggested that TGII could alone exert antistaphylococcal activity, and TGII combined with low doses of antibiotics displayed synergistic effects against MRSA. Moreover, we found that TGII exerted bactericidal activity by reducing the expression of mecA followed by the negative regulation of the penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) of MRSA. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images further confirmed that TGII destroyed the integrity of the cell wall of MRSA and caused the loss of cytoplasm content. In conclusion, we evidenced the antibacterial effects of TGII against MRSA, which enables the effective dose of current antibiotics to be reduced and the predicament of drug-resistant S. aureus isolates to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Department of Laboratory, Taitung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taitung 95043, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Huang
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-H.W.); (L.-C.H.)
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-W.C.); (C.-Y.L.)
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-H.W.); (L.-C.H.)
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-H.W.); (L.-C.H.)
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chien Hung
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-H.W.); (L.-C.H.)
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Tropical Medicine and Infectious diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-H.W.); (L.-C.H.)
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, HsinChu 30010, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 5677)
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Curcumin as a Therapeutic Strategy in Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102498. [PMID: 31627369 PMCID: PMC6835576 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are classified as acute and chronic hepatic failures. In particular, chronic pathologies are the most common diseases in the World. Chronic pathologies of liver disease are the most common diseases in the world. There are many causes that induce a progressive and irreversible degeneration of the hepatic parenchyma, but, in general, they lead to the destruction of the normal balance between reactive oxygen stress (ROS) formation and ROS degradation within the liver. The prevalence of disabling diseases, including the hepatic diseases, is increasingly widespread, and it is important to find a safe, inexpensive, accessible and effective way to face this condition. Many recent studies have focused on different natural antioxidants, which could restore the physiological hepatic environment, thereby allowing the normal functioning of this organ. Natural products have been used to discover new leads for treating several diseases; among them, it is important to emphasize curcumin, which is a polyphenol obtained from Curcuma longa Linn, a plant naturally found throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
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