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Wissemann J, Heidenreich A, Zimmermann H, Engelmann J, Jansen J, Suchanek D, Westermann D, Wolf D, Stachon P, Merz J. ADP as a novel stimulus for NLRP3-inflammasome activation in mice fails to translate to humans. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:291-302. [PMID: 37410223 PMCID: PMC11189352 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3-inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex that triggers an inflammatory response to certain danger signals. Recently adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was found to activate the NLRP3-inflammasome in murine macrophages via the P2Y1 receptor. Blockade of this signaling pathway reduced disease severity in a murine colitis-model. However, the role of the ADP/P2Y1-axis has not yet been studied in humans. This present study confirmed ADP-dependent NLRP3-inflammasome activation in murine macrophages, but found no evidence for a role of ADP in inflammasome activation in humans. We investigated the THP1 cell line as well as primary monocytes and further looked at macrophages. Although all cells express the three human ADP-receptors P2Y1, P2Y12 and P2Y13, independent of priming, neither increased ASC-speck formation could be detected with flow cytometry nor additional IL-1β release be found in the culture supernatant of ADP stimulated cells. We now show for the first time that the responsiveness of monocytes and macrophages to ADP as well as the regulation of its purinergic receptors is very much dependent on the species. Therefore the signaling pathway found to contribute to colitis in mice is likely not applicable to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Wissemann
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Heidenreich
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helene Zimmermann
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Engelmann
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasper Jansen
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dymphie Suchanek
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Westermann
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Stachon
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Merz
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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2
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Fortuny-Gomez A, Fountain SJ. Pharmacological differences between human and mouse P2X4 receptor explored using old and new tools. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10018-x. [PMID: 38767821 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the P2X4 receptor as a therapeutic target for several cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurological conditions. Key to exploring the physiological and pathophysiological roles of P2X4 is access to selective compounds to probe function in cells, tissues and animal models. There has been a recent growth in selective antagonists for P2X4, though agonist selectivity is less well studied. As there are some known pharmacological differences between P2X receptors from different species, it is important to understand these differences when designing a pharmacological strategy to probe P2X4 function in human tissue and mouse models. Here, we provide a systematic comparison of agonist and antagonist pharmacology in 1321N1 cells expressing either human or mouse P2X4 orthologues. We identify a rank order of agonist potency of ATP > 2-MeSATP > αβmeATP = BzATP > CTP = γ-[(propargyl)-imido]-ATP for human P2X4 and ATP > 2-MeSATP = CTP > ATPγS = γ-[(propargyl)-imido]-ATP = BzATP for mouse. Human P2X4 is not activated by ATPγS but can be activated by αβmeATP. We identify a rank order of antagonist potency of BAY-1797 = PSB-12062 = BX-430 > 5-BDBD > TNP-ATP = PPADS for human P2X4 and BAY-1797 > PSB-12062 = PPADS > TNP-ATP for mouse. Mouse P2X4 is not antagonised by 5-BDBD or BX-430. The study reveals key pharmacological differences between human and mouse P2X4, highlighting caution when selecting tools for comparative studies between human and mouse and ascribing cellular responses of some commonly used agonists to P2X4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fortuny-Gomez
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Samuel J Fountain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
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3
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Guo Y, Mao T, Fang Y, Wang H, Yu J, Zhu Y, Shen S, Zhou M, Li H, Hu Q. Comprehensive insights into potential roles of purinergic P2 receptors on diseases: Signaling pathways involved and potential therapeutics. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00123-1. [PMID: 38565403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Purinergic P2 receptors, which can be divided into ionotropic P2X receptors and metabotropic P2Y receptors, mediate cellular signal transduction of purine or pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphate. Based on the wide expression of purinergic P2 receptors in tissues and organs, their significance in homeostatic maintenance, metabolism, nociceptive transmission, and other physiological processes is becoming increasingly evident, suggesting that targeting purinergic P2 receptors to regulate biological functions and signal transmission holds significant promise for disease treatment. AIM OF REVIEW This review highlights the detailed mechanisms by which purinergic P2 receptors engage in physiological and pathological progress, as well as providing prospective strategies for discovering clinical drug candidates. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The purinergic P2 receptors regulate complex signaling and molecular mechanisms in nervous system, digestive system, immune system and as a result, controlling physical health states and disease progression. There has been a significant rise in research and development focused on purinergic P2 receptors, contributing to an increased number of drug candidates in clinical trials. A few influential pioneers have laid the foundation for advancements in the evaluation, development, and of novel purinergic P2 receptors modulators, including agonists, antagonists, pharmaceutical compositions and combination strategies, despite the different scaffolds of these drug candidates. These advancements hold great potential for improving therapeutic outcomes by specifically targeting purinergic P2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshuo Guo
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tianqi Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yafei Fang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiayue Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Shige Shen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Mengze Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Huanqiu Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Qinghua Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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4
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Sluyter R, McEwan TBD, Sophocleous RA, Stokes L. Methods for studying P2X4 receptor ion channels in immune cells. J Immunol Methods 2024; 526:113626. [PMID: 38311008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The P2X4 receptor is a trimeric ligand-gated ion channel activated by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). P2X4 is present in immune cells with emerging roles in inflammation and immunity, and related disorders. This review aims to provide an overview of the methods commonly used to study P2X4 in immune cells, focusing on those methods used to assess P2RX4 gene expression, the presence of the P2X4 protein, and P2X4 ion channel activity in these cells from humans, dogs, mice and rats. P2RX4 gene expression in immune cells is commonly assessed using semi-quantitative and quantitative reverse-transcriptase-PCR. The presence of P2X4 protein in immune cells is mainly assessed using anti-P2X4 polyclonal antibodies with immunoblotting or immunochemistry, but the use of these antibodies, as well as monoclonal antibodies and nanobodies to detect P2X4 with flow cytometry is increasing. Notably, use of an anti-P2X4 monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry has revealed that P2X4 is present on immune cells with a rank order of expression in eosinophils, then neutrophils and monocytes, then basophils and B cells, and finally T cells. P2X4 ion channel activity has been assessed mainly by Ca2+ flux assays using the cell permeable Ca2+-sensitive dyes Fura-2 and Fluo-4 with fluorescence microscopy, spectrophotometry, or flow cytometry. However, other methods including electrophysiology, and fluorescence assays measuring Na+ flux (using sodium green tetra-acetate) and dye uptake (using YO-PRO-12+) have been applied. Collectively, these methods have demonstrated the presence of functional P2X4 in monocytes and macrophages, microglia, eosinophils, mast cells and CD4+ T cells, with other evidence suggestive of functional P2X4 in dendritic cells, neutrophils, B cells and CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Sluyter
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Tahnee B-D McEwan
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Reece A Sophocleous
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Leanne Stokes
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
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Woo MS, Ufer F, Sonner JK, Belkacemi A, Tintelnot J, Sáez PJ, Krieg PF, Mayer C, Binkle-Ladisch L, Engler JB, Bauer S, Kursawe N, Vieira V, Mannebach S, Freichel M, Flockerzi V, Vargas P, Friese MA. Calcium channel β3 subunit regulates ATP-dependent migration of dendritic cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1653. [PMID: 37729408 PMCID: PMC10511199 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Migratory dendritic cells (migDCs) continuously patrol tissues and are activated by injury and inflammation. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released by damaged cells or actively secreted during inflammation and increases migDC motility. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which ATP accelerates migDC migration is not understood. Here, we show that migDCs can be distinguished from other DC subsets and immune cells by their expression of the voltage-gated calcium channel subunit β3 (Cavβ3; CACNB3), which exclusively facilitates ATP-dependent migration in vitro and during tissue damage in vivo. By contrast, CACNB3 does not regulate lipopolysaccharide-dependent migration. Mechanistically, CACNB3 regulates ATP-dependent inositol 1,4,5-trisphophate receptor-controlled calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum. This, in turn, is required for ATP-mediated suppression of adhesion molecules, their detachment, and initiation of migDC migration. Thus, Cacnb3-deficient migDCs have an impaired migration after ATP exposure. In summary, we identified CACNB3 as a master regulator of ATP-dependent migDC migration that controls tissue-specific immunological responses during injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel S Woo
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Ufer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana K Sonner
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anouar Belkacemi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Joseph Tintelnot
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pablo J Sáez
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
- Cell Communication and Migration Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paula F Krieg
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Mayer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Binkle-Ladisch
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Broder Engler
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Bauer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Kursawe
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Vieira
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Mannebach
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Klaver D, Thurnher M. P2Y 11/IL-1 receptor crosstalk controls macrophage inflammation: a novel target for anti-inflammatory strategies? Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:501-511. [PMID: 37016172 PMCID: PMC10073626 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although first cloning of the human ATP receptor P2Y11 was successful 25 years ago, the exact downstream signaling pathways of P2Y11 receptor, which can couple to Gq and Gs proteins, have remained unclear. Especially the lack of rodent models as well as the limited availability of antibodies and pharmacological tools have hampered examination of P2Y11 expression and function. Many meaningful observations related to P2Y11 have been made in primary immune cells, indicating that P2Y11 receptors are important regulators of inflammation and cell migration, also by controlling mitochondrial activity. Our recent studies have shown that P2Y11 is upregulated during macrophage development and activates signaling through IL-1 receptor, which is well known for its ability to direct inflammatory and migratory processes. This review summarizes the results of the first transcriptomic and secretomic analyses of both, ectopic and native P2Y11 receptors, and discusses how P2Y11 crosstalk with the IL-1 receptor may govern anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic processes in human M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Klaver
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Thurnher
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Klaver D, Gander H, Dobler G, Rahm A, Thurnher M. The P2Y11 receptor of human M2 macrophages activates canonical and IL-1 receptor signaling to translate the extracellular danger signal ATP into anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic responses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:519. [PMID: 36107259 PMCID: PMC9476423 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cytoprotective ATP receptor P2Y11 is upregulated during M2 macrophage differentiation and contributes to the anti-inflammatory properties of this macrophage subset. Here, we studied P2Y11-induced reprogramming of human M2 macrophages at the level of mRNA and protein expression. Upregulation of IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) and its known downstream effectors VEGF, CCL20 and SOCS3 as well as downregulation of the ATP-degrading ecto-ATPase CD39 emerged as hallmarks of P2Y11 activation. The anti-inflammatory signature of the P2Y11 transcriptome was further characterized by the downregulation of P2RX7, toll-like receptors and inflammasome components. P2Y11-induced IL-1R upregulation formed the basis for reinforced IL-1 responsiveness of activated M2 macrophages, as IL-1α and IL-1ß each enhanced P2Y11-induced secretion of VEGF and CCL20 as well as the previously reported shedding of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2). Raising intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) in M2 macrophages through phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition enhanced P2Y11-driven responses. The cAMP-binding effector, exchange protein activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1), which is known to induce SOCS3, differentially regulated the P2Y11/IL-1R response because pharmacological Epac1 inhibition enhanced sTNFR2 and CCL20 release, but had no effect on VEGF secretion. In addition to cAMP, calcium and protein kinase C participated in P2Y11 signaling. Our study reveals how P2Y11 harnesses canonical and IL-1R signaling to promote an anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic switch of human M2 macrophages, which may be controlled in part by an Epac1-SOCS3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Klaver
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Gander
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriele Dobler
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Rahm
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Thurnher
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66a, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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8
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Day-Walsh PE, Keeble B, Pirabagar G, Fountain SJ, Kroon PA. Transcriptional and Post-Translational Regulation of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-B (JAM-B) in Leukocytes under Inflammatory Stimuli. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158646. [PMID: 35955781 PMCID: PMC9369439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs; comprising JAM-A, -B and -C) act as receptors for viruses, mediate cell permeability, facilitate leukocyte migration during sterile and non-sterile inflammation and are important for the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity. As such, they are implicated in the development of both communicable and non-communicable chronic diseases. Here, we investigated the expression and regulation of JAM-B in leukocytes under pathogen- and host-derived inflammatory stimuli using immunoassays, qPCR and pharmacological inhibitors of inflammatory signalling pathways. We show that JAM-B is expressed at both the mRNA and protein level in leukocytes. JAM-B protein is localised to the cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus and in the nucleus around ring-shaped structures. We also provide evidence that JAM-B nuclear localisation occurs via the classical importin-α/β pathway, which is likely mediated through JAM-B protein nuclear localisation signals (NLS) and export signals (NES). In addition, we provide evidence that under both pathogen- and host-derived inflammatory stimuli, JAM-B transcription is regulated via the NF-κB-dependent pathways, whereas at the post-translational level JAM-B is regulated by ubiquitin-proteosome pathways. Anaphase-promoting ubiquitin ligase complex (APC/C) and herpes simplex virus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP/USP) were identified as candidates for JAM-B ubiquitination and de-ubiquitination, respectively. The expression and regulation of JAM-B in leukocytes reported here is a novel observation and contrasts with previous reports. The data reported here suggest that JAM-B expression in leukocytes is under the control of common inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla E. Day-Walsh
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Food Innovation & Health Programme, Norwich Research Park, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (P.E.D.-W.); (B.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Bryony Keeble
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Food Innovation & Health Programme, Norwich Research Park, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (P.E.D.-W.); (B.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Gothai Pirabagar
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Food Innovation & Health Programme, Norwich Research Park, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (P.E.D.-W.); (B.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Samuel J. Fountain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - Paul A. Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Food Innovation & Health Programme, Norwich Research Park, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (P.E.D.-W.); (B.K.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Sophocleous RA, Ooi L, Sluyter R. The P2X4 Receptor: Cellular and Molecular Characteristics of a Promising Neuroinflammatory Target. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105739. [PMID: 35628550 PMCID: PMC9147237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenosine 5′-triphosphate-gated P2X4 receptor channel is a promising target in neuroinflammatory disorders, but the ability to effectively target these receptors in models of neuroinflammation has presented a constant challenge. As such, the exact role of P2X4 receptors and their cell signalling mechanisms in human physiology and pathophysiology still requires further elucidation. To this end, research into the molecular mechanisms of P2X4 receptor activation, modulation, and inhibition has continued to gain momentum in an attempt to further describe the role of P2X4 receptors in neuroinflammation and other disease settings. Here we provide an overview of the current understanding of the P2X4 receptor, including its expression and function in cells involved in neuroinflammatory signalling. We discuss the pharmacology of P2X4 receptors and provide an overview of P2X4-targeting molecules, including agonists, positive allosteric modulators, and antagonists. Finally, we discuss the use of P2X4 receptor modulators and antagonists in models of neuroinflammatory cell signalling and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece Andrew Sophocleous
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (R.A.S.); (L.O.)
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (R.A.S.); (L.O.)
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Ronald Sluyter
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (R.A.S.); (L.O.)
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +612-4221-5508
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10
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P2X4 Inhibition reduces microglia inflammation and apoptosis by NLRP3 and improves nervous system defects in rat brain trauma model. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 99:224-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Chauvin P, Morzadec C, de Latour B, Llamas-Gutierrez F, Luque-Paz D, Jouneau S, Vernhet L. Soluble CD163 is produced by monocyte-derived and alveolar macrophages, and is not associated with the severity of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Innate Immun 2022; 28:138-151. [PMID: 35522300 PMCID: PMC9136464 DOI: 10.1177/17534259221097835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The soluble form of the membrane hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 (sCD163), released by shedding, is a strong marker for macrophage activation. Serum sCD163 levels rise in several acute inflammatory states and some fibrosing diseases. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MoDM) differentiated by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-MoDM) contribute to the pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), an irreversible and rapidly fatal interstitial lung disease. Since M-MoDM express high membrane CD163 levels, we thus postulated that sCD163 could be a relevant biomarker for macrophage activation in IPF. We found that M-MoDM constitutively released higher amounts of sCD163 (49.5 ± 24.5 ng/ml) than monocytes (0.45 ± 0.32 ng/ml) or MoDM differentiated with granulocyte macrophage-stimulating factor (2.24 ± 0.98 ng/ml). The basal production of sCD163 by M-MoDM was increased following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (123.4 ± 54.9 ng/ml) or ATP (168.9 ± 41.8 ng/ml). The sCD163 release was controlled by metalloproteases but not through ADAM17 activation. Moreover, CD163-positive macrophages and sCD163 were detected in pulmonary tissues and alveolar fluids of Caucasian patients with IPF, respectively. IPF alveolar macrophages constitutively secreted sCD163 amounts (67.6 ± 44.6 ng/µg RNA) which were significantly higher than those released by alveolar macrophages isolated from controls (19.2 ± 7.6 ng/µg RNA) or patients with other interstitial lung disease (31.5 ± 16.6 ng/µg RNA). However, the concentrations of sCD163 in blood serum collected from 155 patients with IPF did not correlate with the severity of their disease. In conclusion, our results show that M-MoDM constituted a pertinent model to study the regulation of sCD163 production. Yet, serum sCD163 values could not provide a prognostic biomarker for IPF in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Chauvin
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche
en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, France
| | - Claudie Morzadec
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé,
environnement et travail), Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand de Latour
- Service de Chirurgie cardio-thoracique et vasculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire,
Rennes, France
| | | | - David Luque-Paz
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche
en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, France
| | - Stéphane Jouneau
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche
en santé, environnement et travail), Rennes, France
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre de compétences pour les maladies
pulmonaires rares de Bretagne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire,
Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Vernhet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé,
environnement et travail), Rennes, France
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12
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Bidula S, Bin Nadzirin I, Cominetti MM, Hickey H, Cullum SA, Searcey M, Schmid R, Fountain SJ. Structural basis of the negative allosteric modulation of 5-BDBD at human P2X4 receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 101:33-44. [PMID: 34718224 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X4 receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel activated by extracellular ATP. P2X4 activity is associated with neuropathic pain, vasodilation and pulmonary secretion and therefore of therapeutic interest. The structure-activity relationship of P2X4 antagonists is poorly understood. Here we elucidate the structure-activity of 5-BDBD at human P2X4 by combining pharmacology, electrophysiology, molecular modelling and medicinal chemistry. 5-BDBD antagonised P2X4 in a non-competitive manner but lacked effect at human P2X2. Molecular modelling and site-directed mutagenesis suggested an allosteric binding site for 5-BDBD located between two subunits in the body region of P2X4, with M109, F178, Y300 and I312 on one subunit, and R301 on the neighbouring subunit as key residues involved in antagonist binding. The bromine group of 5-BDBD was redundant for the antagonist activity of 5-BDBD, though an interaction between the carbonyl group of 5-BDBD and R301 in P2X4 was significantly associated with 5-BDBD activity. 5-BDBD could inhibit the closed channel but poorly inhibited the channel in the open/desensitising state. We hypothesize that this is due to constriction of the allosteric site following transition from closed to open channel state. We propose that M109, F178, Y300, R301 and I312 are key residues for 5-BDBD binding, provide a structural explanation of how they contribute to 5-BDBD antagonism, and highlight that the limited action of 5-BDBD on open versus closed channels is due to a conformational change in the allosteric site. Significance Statement Activity of P2X4 receptor is associated with neuropathic pain, inflammation and vasodilatation. Molecular information regarding small molecule interaction with P2X4 is very limited. Here we provide a structural explanation for the action of the small molecule antagonist 5-BDBD at the human P2X4 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Harry Hickey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
| | - Sean A Cullum
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Searcey
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Schmid
- Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J Fountain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
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13
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Nadzirin IB, Fortuny-Gomez A, Ngum N, Richards D, Ali S, Searcey M, Fountain SJ. Taspine is a natural product that suppresses P2X4 receptor activity via phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4859-4872. [PMID: 34398973 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & PURPOSE P2X4 is a ligand-gated cation channel activated by extracellular ATP, involved in neuropathic pain, inflammation and arterial tone. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Natural products were screened against human or mouse P2X4 activity using fura-2 loaded 1321N1 cells for measurement of intracellular Ca2+ responses; whole-cell currents were measured by patch clamp electrophysiological. Human primary macrophage chemokine release was used to assess effect of taspine on inflammatory cell function. An enzymatic assay was performed to assess the effect of taspine on recombinant PI3-kinase. KEY RESULTS A natural product screen identified taspine as an inhibitor of human P2X4 activity. Taspine inhibits human and mouse P2X4-mediated Ca2+ influx in 1321N1 cells expressing receptors (IC50 1.6±0.4 μM and 1.6±0.3 μM, respectively), but lacked activity at human P2X2, P2X3, P2X2/3 and P2X7 receptors. Taspine inhibited the maximal response at human and mouse P2X4 but had no effect on ATP potency. Taspine has a slow onset rate (~15 mins for half-maximal inhibition), irreversible over 30 minutes of washout. Taspine inhibits P2X4-mediated Ca2+ signalling in mouse BV-2 microglia cells and human primary macrophage. Taspine inhibited P2X4-mediated CXCL5 secretion in human primary macrophage. Taspine reversed ivermectin-induced potentiation of P2X4 currents in 1321N1 stably expressing cells. The known PI3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 mimicked the properties of taspine on P2X4-mediated Ca2+ influx and whole-cell currents. Taspine directly inhibited the enzymatic activity of recombinant PI3-kinase in a competitive manner. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taspine is a novel natural product P2X4 inhibitor, mediating its effect through PI3-kinase inhibitor rather than receptor antagonism. Taspine can inhibit the pro-inflammatory signalling by P2X4 in human primary macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzuddin Bin Nadzirin
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park.,Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Anna Fortuny-Gomez
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park
| | - Neville Ngum
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park
| | - David Richards
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park
| | - Seema Ali
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park
| | - Mark Searcey
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park
| | - Samuel J Fountain
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park
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14
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Savchenko AA, Borisov AG, Belenyuk VD, Moshev AV. Changes in the Subpopulation Composition and Phagocytic Activity of Monocytes in Patients with Kidney Cancer under the Influence of Metabolites In Vitro. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:362-366. [PMID: 34297298 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied changes in the subpopulation composition and phagocytic activity of monocytes in patients with kidney cancer under the influence of metabolites of the tumor microenvironment in vitro (lactate, ADP, and glutamate). Incubation with metabolites caused similar shifts in the monocyte subsets in kidney cancer patients (an increase in the relative content of classical CD14++CD16- monocytes and a decrease in the content of the fraction of intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocytes), but different changes in their phagocytic activity. The regulatory effect of metabolites on cells is realized by various mechanisms: receptor, metabolic, and epigenomic. The reactions of monocytes to metabolites in vitro confirm the existence of a distant metabolic effect of the tumor on blood cells that should be taken into account when developing new immunotherapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Savchenko
- Federal Research Centre Krasnoyarsk Research Center, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences - a Separate Division of the Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - A G Borisov
- Federal Research Centre Krasnoyarsk Research Center, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences - a Separate Division of the Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - V D Belenyuk
- Federal Research Centre Krasnoyarsk Research Center, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences - a Separate Division of the Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A V Moshev
- Federal Research Centre Krasnoyarsk Research Center, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences - a Separate Division of the Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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15
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Klaver D, Thurnher M. Control of Macrophage Inflammation by P2Y Purinergic Receptors. Cells 2021; 10:1098. [PMID: 34064383 PMCID: PMC8147772 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages comprise a phenotypically and functionally diverse group of hematopoietic cells. Versatile macrophage subsets engage to ensure maintenance of tissue integrity. To perform tissue stress surveillance, macrophages express many different stress-sensing receptors, including purinergic P2X and P2Y receptors that respond to extracellular nucleotides and their sugar derivatives. Activation of G protein-coupled P2Y receptors can be both pro- and anti-inflammatory. Current examples include the observation that P2Y14 receptor promotes STAT1-mediated inflammation in pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages as well as the demonstration that P2Y11 receptor suppresses the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and concomitantly promotes the release of soluble TNF receptors from anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Here, we review macrophage regulation by P2Y purinergic receptors, both in physiological and disease-associated inflammation. Therapeutic targeting of anti-inflammatory P2Y receptor signaling is desirable to attenuate excessive inflammation in infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Conversely, anti-inflammatory P2Y receptor signaling must be suppressed during cancer therapy to preserve its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Thurnher
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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16
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Gruenbacher G, Gander H, Dobler G, Rahm A, Klaver D, Thurnher M. The human G protein-coupled ATP receptor P2Y 11 is a target for anti-inflammatory strategies. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1541-1555. [PMID: 33463722 PMCID: PMC9328440 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The ATP receptor P2Y11, which couples to Gq and Gs proteins, senses cell stress and promotes cytoprotective responses. P2Y11 receptors are upregulated during differentiation of M2 macrophages. However, it is unclear whether and how P2Y11 receptors contribute to the anti‐inflammatory properties of M2 macrophages. Experimental Approach Transcriptome and secretome profiling of ectopic P2Y11 receptors was used to analyse their signalling and function. Findings were validated in human monocyte‐derived M2 macrophages. The suramin analogue NF340 and P2Y11 receptor‐knockout cells confirmed that agonist‐mediated responses were specific to P2Y11 receptor stimulation. Key Results Temporal transcriptome profiling of P2Y11 receptor stimulation showed a strong and tightly controlled response of IL‐1 receptors, including activation of the IL‐1 receptor target genes, IL6 and IL8. Secretome profiling confirmed the presence of IL‐6 and IL‐8 proteins and additionally identified soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) as targets of P2Y11 receptor activation. Raised levels of intracellular cAMP in M2 macrophages, after inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDE), especially PDE4, strongly increased P2Y11 receptor‐induced release of sTNFR2 through ectodomain shedding mediated by TNF‐α converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM17). Both IL‐1α and IL‐1ß synergistically enhanced P2Y11 receptor‐ induced IL‐6 and IL‐8 secretion and release of sTNFR2. During lipopolysaccharide‐induced activation of TLR4, which shares the downstream signalling pathway with IL‐1 receptors, P2Y11 receptors specifically prevented secretion of TNF‐α. Conclusions and Implications Targeting P2Y11 receptors activates IL‐1 receptor signalling to promote sTNFR2 release and suppress TLR4 signalling to prevent TNF‐α secretion, thus facilitating resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Gruenbacher
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Gander
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriele Dobler
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Rahm
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Klaver
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Thurnher
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Sophocleous RA, Miles NA, Ooi L, Sluyter R. P2Y 2 and P2X4 Receptors Mediate Ca 2+ Mobilization in DH82 Canine Macrophage Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228572. [PMID: 33202978 PMCID: PMC7696671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors of the P2 subclass are commonly found in human and rodent macrophages where they can be activated by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) or uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) to mediate Ca2+ mobilization, resulting in downstream signalling to promote inflammation and pain. However, little is understood regarding these receptors in canine macrophages. To establish a macrophage model of canine P2 receptor signalling, the expression of these receptors in the DH82 canine macrophage cell line was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry. P2 receptor function in DH82 cells was pharmacologically characterised using nucleotide-induced measurements of Fura-2 AM-bound intracellular Ca2+. RT-PCR revealed predominant expression of P2X4 receptors, while immunocytochemistry confirmed predominant expression of P2Y2 receptors, with low levels of P2X4 receptor expression. ATP and UTP induced robust Ca2+ responses in the absence or presence of extracellular Ca2+. ATP-induced responses were only partially inhibited by the P2X4 receptor antagonists, 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-ATP (TNP-ATP), paroxetine and 5-BDBD, but were strongly potentiated by ivermectin. UTP-induced responses were near completely inhibited by the P2Y2 receptor antagonists, suramin and AR-C118925. P2Y2 receptor-mediated Ca2+ mobilization was inhibited by U-73122 and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), indicating P2Y2 receptor coupling to the phospholipase C and inositol triphosphate signal transduction pathway. Together this data demonstrates, for the first time, the expression of functional P2 receptors in DH82 canine macrophage cells and identifies a potential cell model for studying macrophage-mediated purinergic signalling in inflammation and pain in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece Andrew Sophocleous
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (R.A.S.); (N.A.M.); (L.O.)
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Nicole Ashleigh Miles
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (R.A.S.); (N.A.M.); (L.O.)
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (R.A.S.); (N.A.M.); (L.O.)
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Ronald Sluyter
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (R.A.S.); (N.A.M.); (L.O.)
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +612-4221-5508
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18
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Vargas-Martínez EM, Gómez-Coronado KS, Espinosa-Luna R, Valdez-Morales EE, Barrios-García T, Barajas-Espinosa A, Ochoa-Cortes F, Montaño LM, Barajas-López C, Guerrero-Alba R. Functional expression of P2X1, P2X4 and P2X7 purinergic receptors in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173460. [PMID: 32805257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to examine the co-expression of the following purinergic receptor subunits: P2X1, P2X1del, P2X4, and P2X7 and characterize the P2X response in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Single-cell RT-PCR shows the presence of P2X1, P2X1del, P2X4, and P2X7 mRNA in 40%, 5%, 20%, and 90% of human MDMs, respectively. Of the studied human MDMs, 25% co-expressed P2X1 and P2X7 mRNA; 5% co-expressed P2X4 and P2X7; and 15% co-expressed P2X1, P2X4, and P2X7 mRNA. In whole-cell patch clamp recordings of human MDMs, rapid application of ATP (0.01 mM) evoked fast current activation and two different desensitization kinetics: 1. a rapid desensitizing current antagonized by PPADS (1 μM), reminiscent of the P2X1 receptor's current; 2. a slow desensitizing current, insensitive to PPADS but potentiated by ivermectin (3 μM), similar to the P2X4 receptor's current. Application of 5 mM ATP induced three current modalities: 1. slow current activation with no desensitization, similar to the P2X7 receptor current, present in 69% of human macrophages and antagonized by A-804598 (0.1 μM); 2. fast current activation and fast desensitization, present in 15% of human MDMs; 3. fast activation current followed by biphasic desensitization, observed in 15% of human MDMs. Both rapid and biphasic desensitization kinetics resemble those observed for the recombinant human P2X1 receptor expressed in oocytes. These data demonstrate, for the first time, the co-expression of P2X1, P2X4, and P2X7 transcripts and confirm the presence of functional P2X1, P2X4, and P2X7 receptors in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eydie M Vargas-Martínez
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Karen S Gómez-Coronado
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Rosa Espinosa-Luna
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Eduardo E Valdez-Morales
- Catedras CONACYT, Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Tonatiuh Barrios-García
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Alma Barajas-Espinosa
- Licenciatura en Enfermería, Escuela Superior de Huejutla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo, México
| | - Fernando Ochoa-Cortes
- Licenciatura en Enfermería, Escuela Superior de Huejutla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo, México
| | - Luis M Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - Carlos Barajas-López
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Raquel Guerrero-Alba
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México.
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