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Yang YN, Zhan JG, Cao Y, Wu CM. From ancient wisdom to modern science: Gut microbiota sheds light on property theory of traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024:S2095-4964(24)00337-6. [PMID: 38937158 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The property theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been practiced for thousands of years, playing a pivotal role in the clinical application of TCM. While advancements in energy metabolism, chemical composition analysis, machine learning, ion current modeling, and supercritical fluid technology have provided valuable insight into how aspects of TCM property theory may be measured, these studies only capture specific aspects of TCM property theory in isolation, overlooking the holistic perspective inherent in TCM. To systematically investigate the modern interpretation of the TCM property theory from multidimensional perspectives, we consulted the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) to compile a list of Chinese materia medica (CMM). Then, using the Latin names of each CMM and gut microbiota as keywords, we searched the PubMed database for relevant research on gut microbiota and CMM. The regulatory patterns of different herbs on gut microbiota were then summarized from the perspectives of the four natures, the five flavors and the meridian tropism. In terms of the four natures, we found that warm-natured medicines promoted the colonization of specific beneficial bacteria, while cold-natured medicines boosted populations of some beneficial bacteria while suppressing pathogenic bacteria. Analysis of the five flavors revealed that sweet-flavored and bitter-flavored CMMs positively influenced beneficial bacteria while inhibiting harmful bacteria. CMMs with different meridian tropism exhibited complex modulative patterns on gut microbiota, with Jueyin (Liver) and Taiyin (Lung) meridian CMMs generally exerting a stronger effect. The gut microbiota may be a biological indicator for characterizing the TCM property theory, which not only enhances our understanding of classic TCM theory but also contributes to its scientific advancement and application in healthcare. Please cite this article as: Yang YN, Zhan JG, Cao Y, Wu CM. From ancient wisdom to modern science: Gut microbiota sheds light on property theory of traditional Chinese medicine. J Integr Med. 2024; Epub ahead of print.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jia-Guo Zhan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chong-Ming Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhai Y, Wei X, Yang X, Deng C, Li Q, Wang W, Hao R. Effects of grape seed procyanidins on the lipid metabolism of growing-finishing pigs based on transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. Meat Sci 2024; 213:109504. [PMID: 38555738 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated how lipid metabolism in the longissimus thoracis is influenced by the diet supplemented with grape seed procyanidins (GSPs) in growing-finishing pigs. Forty-eight crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to four groups, each receiving a basal diet, or basal diet added with 150, 200, and 250 mg/kg GSPs. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were employed to explore differential gene and metabolite regulation. The expression of key lipid metabolism-related genes was tested via qRT-PCR, and the lipid and fatty acid composition of the longissimus thoracis were determined. Dietary GSPs at different concentrations upregulated lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which is involved in lipolysis, and significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1B (CPT1B) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), implicated in transmembrane transport of fatty acids. Dietary supplementation of GSPs at 200 or 250 mg/kg markedly reduced total cholesterol and triglyceride content in longissimus thoracis. Dietary GSPs significantly decreased the contents of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and saturated fatty acids, while increasing unsaturated fatty acids. In conclusion, GSPs may regulate lipid metabolism, reducing cholesterol level, and improving fatty acid composition in the longissimus thoracis of growing-finishing pigs. Our findings provide evidence for the beneficial effects of GSPs as pig feed additives for improving lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yan Zhai
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xinxin Wei
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Chao Deng
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Qinghong Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Ruirong Hao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Breeding of Shanxi Province, Taigu 030801, China.
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Pan Y, Luo X, Gong P. Spatholobi caulis: A systematic review of its traditional uses, chemical constituents, biological activities and clinical applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116854. [PMID: 37393029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Spatholobi caulis (SC), the dried vine stem of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn, is known as Ji Xue Teng in China, and has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat anaemia, menstrual abnormalities, rheumatoid arthritis, purpura, etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW: The aim of this review is to provide a systematic and updated summary of the traditional uses, chemical constituents, biological activities and clinical applications of SC. In addition, several suggestions for future research on SC are also proposed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extensive information and data on SC were obtained from electronic databases (ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, SpringerLink and Wiley Online). Additional information was collected from Ph.D. and MSc dissertations, published books, and classic material medica. RESULTS To date, phytochemical studies have revealed that approximately 243 chemical ingredients have been isolated from SC and identified, including flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, volatile oils, sesquiterpenoids and other compounds. Many studies have indicated that extracts and pure constituents from SC possess a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumour, haematopoietic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiviral and antibacterial effects, as well as other activities. SC could be applied to the treatment of leukopenia, aplastic anemic, endometriosis, etc. according to the clinical reports. The traditional efficacies of SC is due to the biological functions of its chemical compounds, especially flavonoids. However, research investigating the toxicological effects of SC is relatively limited. CONCLUSIONS SC is widely used in TCM formulae and its some traditional efficacies has been confirmed by extensive recent pharmacological and clinical studies. Most the biological activities of the SC may be attributed to flavonoids. However, in-depth studies on the molecular mechanisms of the effective ingredients and extracts of SC are limited. Further systematic studies focusing on pharmacokinetics, toxicology and quality control are needed to ensure the effective and safe application of SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehua Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Puyang Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Cheng L, Shi L, He C, Wang C, Lv Y, Li H, An Y, Duan Y, Dai H, Zhang H, Huang Y, Fu W, Sun W, Zhao B. Mulberry leaf flavonoids activate BAT and induce browning of WAT to improve type 2 diabetes via regulating the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:812-829. [PMID: 38035937 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf is a well-established traditional Chinese botanical and culinary resource. It has found widespread application in the management of diabetes. The bioactive constituents of mulberry leaf, specifically mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLFs), exhibit pronounced potential in the amelioration of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This potential is attributed to their ability to safeguard pancreatic β cells, enhance insulin resistance, and inhibit α-glucosidase activity. Our antecedent research findings underscore the substantial therapeutic efficacy of MLFs in treating T2D. However, the precise mechanistic underpinnings of MLF's anti-T2D effects remain the subject of inquiry. Activation of brown/beige adipocytes is a novel and promising strategy for T2D treatment. In the present study, our primary objective was to elucidate the impact of MLFs on adipose tissue browning in db/db mice and 3T3-L1 cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism. The results manifested that MLFs reduced body weight and food intake, alleviated hepatic steatosis, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased lipolysis and thermogenesis in db/db mice. Moreover, MLFs activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) and induced the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes by increasing the expressions of brown adipocyte marker genes and proteins such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and beige adipocyte marker genes such as transmembrane protein 26 (Tmem26), thereby promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Mechanistically, MLFs facilitated the activation of BAT and the induction of WAT browning to ameliorate T2D primarily through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. These findings highlight the unique capacity of MLF to counteract T2D by enhancing BAT activation and inducing browning of IWAT, thereby ameliorating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. As such, MLFs emerge as a prospective and innovative browning agent for the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Lu Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Changhao He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yinglan Lv
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Huimin Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yongcheng An
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yuhui Duan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wanxin Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Weiguang Sun
- GuangZhou Baiyunshan Xingqun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510288, China.
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Zhao Y, Li M, Guo J, Fang J, Geng R, Wang Y, Liu T, Kang SG, Huang K, Tong T. Cedrol, a Major Component of Cedarwood Oil, Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200665. [PMID: 37143286 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Excellent health-promoting effects of cedrol (CED), including anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, and antinociceptive effects, have been reported. The present study aims to investigate the preventive effects of CED on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and the related metabolic syndrome, and to delineate the underlying mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten-week-old C57BL/6J mice are fed chow, HFD, or HFD supplemented with CED (0.2% w/w) for 19 weeks. Results demonstrate that CED effectively reduces HFD-induced body weight gain, decreases visceral fat pad weight, and significantly prevents adipocyte hypertrophy in mice. HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and gluconeogenesis are ameliorated by CED supplementation. 16S rRNA analysis reveals that CED does not change gut microbiota composition at the phylum and genus levels, indicating that CED may have limited effects on gut microbiota in HFD-fed mice. Further transcriptome analysis of epididymal white adipose tissue reveals reprogrammed RNA profiles by CED. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that incorporating CED in the diet can prevent HFD-induced obesity and related metabolic syndrome, and highlight that CED can be a promising dietary component for obesity therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruixuan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Seong-Gook Kang
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muangun, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
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Bae SJ, Lee WY, Bak SB, Kim YE, Kim MJ, Kim YW. Unraveling the Antioxidant Capacity of Spatholobi caulis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Multiscale Network Approach Integrated with Experimental Validation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051097. [PMID: 37237962 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem that is closely associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Spatholobi caulis (SC) is a herbal medicine with potential hepatoprotective effects; however, its active compounds and underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored. In this study, we combined a multiscale network-level approach with experimental validation to investigate SC's antioxidant properties and their impact on NAFLD. Data collection and network construction were performed, and active compounds and key mechanisms were identified through multi-scale network analysis. Validation was conducted using in vitro steatotic hepatocyte models and in vivo high-fat diet-induced NAFLD models. Our findings revealed that SC treatment improved NAFLD by modulating multiple proteins and signaling pathways, including AMPK signaling pathways. Subsequent experiments showed that SC treatment reduced lipid accumulation and oxidative stress. We also validated SC's effects on AMPK and its crosstalk pathways, emphasizing their role in hepatoprotection. We predicted procyanidin B2 to be an active compound of SC and validated it using a lipogenesis in vitro model. Histological and biochemical analyses confirmed that SC ameliorated liver steatosis and inflammation in mice. This study presents SC's potential use in NAFLD treatment and introduces a novel approach for identifying and validating active compounds in herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Bae
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yung Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Been Bak
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jin Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonju 38066, Republic of Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Q, Bai Y, Wang W, Li J, Zhang L, Tang Y, Yue S. Role of herbal medicine and gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of obesity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116127. [PMID: 36603782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Obesity is a common metabolic dysfunction disease, which is highly correlated with the homeostasis of gut microbiota (GM). The dysregulation of GM on energy metabolism, immune response, insulin resistance and endogenous metabolites (e.g., short chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids) can affect the occurrence and development of obesity. Herbal medicine (HM) has particular advantages and definite therapeutic effects in the prevention and treatment of obesity, but its underlying mechanism is not fully clear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this review, the representative basic and clinical anti-obesity studies associated with the homeostasis of GM regulated by HM including active components, single herb and herbal formulae were summarized and discussed. We aim to provide a state of art reference for the mechanism research of HM in treating obesity and the further development of new anti-obesity drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant information was collected by searching keywords (obesity, herbal medicine, prescriptions, mechanism, GM, short chain fatty acids, etc.) from scientific databases (CNKI, PubMed, SpringerLink, Web of Science, SciFinder, etc.). RESULTS GM dysbiosis did occur in obese patients and mice, whiles the intervention of GM could ameliorate the condition of obesity. HM (e.g., berberine, Ephedra sinica, Rehjnannia glutinosa, and Buzhong Yiqi prescription) has been proved to possess a certain regulation on GM and an explicit effect on obesity, but the exact mechanism of HM in improving obesity by regulating GM remains superficial. CONCLUSION GM is involved in HM against obesity, and GM can be a novel therapeutic target for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
| | - Yaya Bai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
| | - Wenxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
| | - Jiajia Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yuping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
| | - Shijun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Heritage Base, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China.
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Dietary Supplementation of Methyl Cedryl Ether Ameliorates Adiposity in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030788. [PMID: 36771494 PMCID: PMC9919899 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl cedryl ether (MCE) is a derivative of cedrol and is widely used as a fragrance compound. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventative effects of MCE on obesity and related metabolic syndromes and to delineate the mechanisms from the perspective of gut microbiota and white adipose tissues (WAT) transcriptomic profiles. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned into 3 groups and fed with chow diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD supplemented with 0.2% (w/w) MCE for 13 weeks. We found that MCE significantly reduced body weight, inhibited adipocyte hypertrophy, and ameliorated hepatic steatosis under HFD conditions. MCE dietary supplementation downregulated the expression of adipogenesis genes (FAS and C/EBPα) and upregulated the mRNA levels of thermogenesis genes (PGC-1α, PRDM16, UCP1, Cidea, Cytc, and COX4) in epididymal WAT. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that MCE improved gut microbiota dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice, as manifested by the alteration of strains associated with obesity. Further transcriptome analysis of WAT indicated that MCE dramatically changed the gene expression profiles. Our results demonstrate the anti-obesity effect of MCE under HFD conditions, highlighting the nutraceutical potential of MCE for preventing obesity.
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Xiao J, Shang W, Zhao Z, Jiang J, Chen J, Cai H, He J, Cai Z, Zhao Z. Pharmacodynamic Material Basis and Potential Mechanism Study of Spatholobi Caulis in Reversing Osteoporosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:3071147. [PMID: 37089711 PMCID: PMC10121353 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3071147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the mechanism of Spatholobi Caulis (SC) in treating osteoporosis (OP) integrated zebrafish model and bioinformatics. Methods Skeleton staining coupled with image quantification was performed to evaluate the effects of SC on skeleton mineralization area (SSA) and total optical density (TOD). Zebrafish locomotor activity was monitored using the EthoVision XT. Bioactive compounds of SC and their corresponding protein targets were acquired from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Potential therapeutic targets for OP were summarized through retrieving 5 databases, and then, the overlapping genes between SC and OP were acquired. The core genes were selected by CytoHubba. Subsequently, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis of the intersection target genes were carried out by R software. Finally, the molecular docking simulation was manipulated between the ingredients and the hub genes. Results Compared with the model group, SC significantly increased the SSA and TOD at 10 mg/mL and improved the locomotor activity in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.001). 33 components of SC were associated with 72 OP-related genes including 10 core genes (MAPK1, VEGFA, MMP9, AKT1, AR, IL6, CALM3, TP53, EGFR, and CAT). Advanced Glycation End Product (AGE) Receptor for AGE (RAGE) signaling pathway was screened out as the principal pathway of SC in anti-OP. The bioactive components (Aloe-emodin, Emodin, Formononetin, Licochalcone A, Luteolin, and Lopac-I-3766) have excellent affinity to core genes (MAPK1, VEGFA, MMP9, AKT1, and IL6). Conclusion SC had the hierarchical network characteristics of "multicomponents/multitargets/multifunctions/multipathways" in reversing OP, but AGE-RAGE signaling pathway may be the main regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Xiao
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Shang
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of TCM, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjin He
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihui Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Wang L, Gou X, Ding Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Du L, Peng W, Fan G. The interplay between herbal medicines and gut microbiota in metabolic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1105405. [PMID: 37033634 PMCID: PMC10079915 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, metabolic diseases are becoming a major public health problem. Herbal medicines are medicinal materials or preparations derived from plants and are widely used in the treatment of metabolic diseases due to their good curative effects and minimal side effects. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota plays an important role in the herbal treatment of metabolic diseases. However, the mechanisms involved are still not fully understood. This review provides a timely and comprehensive summary of the interactions between herbal medicines and gut microbiota in metabolic diseases. Mechanisms by which herbal medicines treat metabolic diseases include their effects on the gut microbial composition, the intestinal barrier, inflammation, and microbial metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids and bile acids). Herbal medicines can increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Akkermansia and Blautia), reduce the abundance of harmful bacteria (e.g., Escherichia-Shigella), protect the intestinal barrier, and alleviate inflammation. In turn, gut microbes can metabolize herbal compounds and thereby increase their bioavailability and bioactivity, in addition to reducing their toxicity. These findings suggest that the therapeutic effects of herbal medicines on metabolic diseases are closely related to their interactions with the gut microbiota. In addition, some methods, and techniques for studying the bidirectional interaction between herbal medicines and gut microbiota are proposed and discussed. The information presented in this review will help with a better understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of herbal medicines and the key role of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Ding
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Leilei Du
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Fan, ; Wei Peng, ; Leilei Du,
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Fan, ; Wei Peng, ; Leilei Du,
| | - Gang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Fan, ; Wei Peng, ; Leilei Du,
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11
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Bae SJ, Bak SB, Kim YW. Coordination of AMPK and YAP by Spatholobi Caulis and Procyanidin B2 Provides Antioxidant Effects In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213730. [PMID: 36430207 PMCID: PMC9694094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is vulnerable to oxidative attacks from heavy metals, such as iron, as well as some drugs, including acetaminophen. It has been shown that enhanced oxidative stress in the liver leads to excessive ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in organ injury. The beneficial effects of Spatholobi Caulis (SC), a natural herbal medicine, include treating ischemic stroke, inhibiting tumor cell invasion, pro-angiogenic activities, and anti-inflammatory properties. Scientific studies on its effects against hepatotoxic reagents (e.g., iron and acetaminophen), as well as their underlying mechanisms, are insufficient. This study examined the antioxidant effects and mechanisms of SC in vitro and in vivo. In cells, the proinflammatory mediator, arachidonic acid (AA), plus iron, significantly induced an increase in ROS generation, the damage in mitochondrial membrane potential, and the resulting apoptosis, which were markedly blocked by SC. More importantly, SC affected the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related proteins, which were vital to regulating oxidative stress in cells. In addition, SC mediated the expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP)-related proteins. Among the active compounds in SC, the procyanidin B2, but not liquiritigenin, daidzein, and genistein, significantly inhibited the cytotoxicity induced by AA + iron, and activated the LKB1-AMPK pathway. In mice, the oral administration of SC alleviated the elevations of ALT and histological changes by the acetaminophen-induced liver injury. These results reveal the potential of SC and a key bioactive component, procyanidin B2, as antioxidant candidates for hepatoprotection.
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12
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Zuo J, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Liu J, Wu Q, Shen Y, Jin L, Wu M, Ma Z, Tong H. Sargassum fusiforme fucoidan ameliorates diet-induced obesity through enhancing thermogenesis of adipose tissues and modulating gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:728-740. [PMID: 35907465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a global epidemic. Sargassum fusiforme fucoidan (Fuc) is a group of water-soluble heteropolysaccharides that exhibits a wide range of medicinal functions. It consists of l-fucose and sulfate groups, with l-fucose as the main monosaccharide. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of Fuc on diet-induced obesity (DIO) in C57BL/6J female mice. Fuc significantly alleviated obesity in mice induced by high-fat high-fructose (HFHF) feeding, inhibiting body weight gain, reducing fat accumulation, and improving hepatic steatosis. In addition, Fuc significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by enhancing the phosphorylation level of AKT (at Ser473) in the adipose tissues. Mechanistically, although Fuc did not decrease the energy intake in DIO mice, it significantly increased the energy expenditure by up-regulating the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the adipose tissues. Notably, Fuc also improved the obesity-driven dysbiosis of gut microbiota and decreased the relative abundance of the obesity-related intestinal bacteria. However, Fuc was unable to alleviate DIO-induced metabolic disorders in pseudo-sterile mice. Our findings suggested that Fuc might remodel gut microbiota and exert its weight loss and hypolipidemic effects by increasing the energy expenditure, thus providing a novel perspective for treating obesity and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Zuo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qifang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yizhe Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Li Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Zengling Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Haibin Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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13
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Li M, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Geng R, Fang J, Kang SG, Huang K, Tong T. Eugenol, A Major Component of Clove Oil, Attenuates Adiposity and Modulates Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200387. [PMID: 36029106 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Eugenol (EU), the major aromatic compound derived from clove oil, is being focused recently due to its potential in preventing several chronic conditions. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the potential of EU in obesity prevention and to delineate the mechanisms involved. METHODS AND RESULTS Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD supplemented with EU (0.2%, w/w) for 13 weeks. EU significantly reduced obesity-related indexes including final body weight, body weight gain, adipocyte size, visceral fat-pad weight, and fasting blood glucose. EU prevented HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, as indicated by the increase of Firmicutes and decrease of Desulfobacterota at phylum level, and the increase of Dubosiella, Blautia, unclassified_f_Oscillospiraceae, and unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae, and the decrease of Alistipes, Alloprevotella, and Bilophila at genus level. Notably, the obesity-related indexes were positively correlated with the relative abundances of Bacteroides, unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, Colidextribacter, and Bilophila, and negatively correlated with the relative abundances of norank_f_Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. Moreover, the preventive effects of EU on obesity were accompanied by the transcriptomic reprogramming of white adipose tissue. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that EU prevents the HFD-induced adiposity and modulates gut dysbiosis, and highlighted the potential of EU in obesity intervention as a functional dietary supplement. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruixuan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingjing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Seong-Gook Kang
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muangun, 58554, Korea
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R. China, Beijing, 100083, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing, 100083, China
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14
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Liu Y, Xiang Q, Liang Q, Shi J, He J. Genus Spatholobus: a comprehensive review on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. Food Funct 2022; 13:7448-7472. [PMID: 35766524 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00895e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Edible medicinal plants are important sources for the development of health beneficial products and drugs. Several species of the genus Spatholobus are considered as medicinal and food homologous plants in various Asian countries for the treatment of menstrual pain, anemia, paralysis, arthralgia, etc. Regarding this genus, mounting investigations on different aspects have been conducted; however, a comprehensive review about these findings is yet to be compiled. Herein, we reviewed the up-to-date information on the botanical description, distribution, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the Spatholobus species for the first time to support their development potential. Thus far, 175 phytochemicals have been isolated, and flavonoids are the predominant constituents. Furthermore, 141 compounds show the ideal characteristic behavior of a drug-like molecule. Besides, the compounds and crude extracts of this genus have been demonstrated to exert a wide range of in vitro and in vivo bioactivities, such as antitumor activity, antioxidant activity, antiinflammatory activity, antiischemic activity, antimicrobial activity, and neuroprotective activity. Toxicity studies have revealed that Spatholobus species seem to have no apparent toxic effects. Even so, the need for in-depth studies to reveal the scientific connotation of the widely documented traditional actions, the structure-activity relationship of the bioactive compounds, and the systematic toxic reactions are warranted, and also to provide essential evidence for the beneficial use of Spatholobus plants and developing novel health care products and therapeutic drug from this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Liu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610212, China.,Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Qian Xiang
- Healthcare-associated Infection Control Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Qi Liang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| | - Jun He
- Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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15
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The Ameliorating Effect of Lizhong-Tang on Antibiotic-Associated Imbalance in the Gut Microbiota in Mouse. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12146943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Some herbal medicines have anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal effects. This study analyzed the modulating effect of gut microbiota of anti-inflammatory herbal medicines on antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). The anti-inflammatory effects of 10 herbal medicines and Lizhong-tang active compounds were studied by measuring the nitric oxide production in an in vitro experiment. This was followed by an in vivo experiment in which the anti-diarrheal effects of Lizhong-tang and Magnolia officinalis in a lincomycin-induced AAD mouse model were measured. Changes in the intestinal microflora were observed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Both Lizhong-tang and M. officinalis were effective against AAD, with Lizhong-tang’s anti-diarrheal effects being particularly effective. In addition, the active compounds of Lizhong-tang, liquiritin and 6-gingerol, inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, thus showing an anti-inflammatory effect. Gut microbiota analysis showed that Lizhong-tang could alter the composition of the gut microbiota and ameliorated imbalance in the gut microbiota in a lincomycin-induced AAD mouse model.
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16
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He L, Yang FQ, Tang P, Gao TH, Yang CX, Tan L, Yue P, Hua YN, Liu SJ, Guo JL. Regulation of the intestinal flora: A potential mechanism of natural medicines in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113091. [PMID: 35576662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus comprises a group of heterogeneous disorders, which are usually subdivided into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the onset of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes primarily involves autoimmune insulin deficiency. In comparison, type 2 diabetes is contributed by the pathological state of insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. In recent years, significant differences were found in the abundance of microflora, intestinal barrier, and intestinal metabolites in diabetic subjects when compared to normal subjects. To further understand the relationship between diabetes mellitus and intestinal flora, this paper summarizes the interaction mechanism between diabetes mellitus and intestinal flora. Furthermore, the natural compounds found to treat diabetes through intestinal flora were classified and summarized. This review is expected to provide a valuable resource for the development of new diabetic drugs and the applications of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying He
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Fang-Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Pan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Ting-Hui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Cai-Xia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Li Tan
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Pan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Hua
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Si-Jing Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jin-Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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17
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Du L, Wang Q, Ji S, Sun Y, Huang W, Zhang Y, Li S, Yan S, Jin H. Metabolomic and Microbial Remodeling by Shanmei Capsule Improves Hyperlipidemia in High Fat Food-Induced Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:729940. [PMID: 35573781 PMCID: PMC9094705 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.729940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia refers to a chronic disease caused by systemic metabolic disorder, and its pathophysiology is very complex. Shanmei capsule (SM) is a famous preparation with a long tradition of use for anti-hyperlipidemia treatment in China. However, the regulation mechanism of SM on hyperlipidemia has not been elucidated so far. In this study, a combination of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS techniques and 16S rDNA gene sequencing was performed to investigate the effects of SM treatment on plasma metabolism-mediated change and intestinal homeostasis. The results indicated that SM potently ameliorated high-fat diet-induced glucose and lipid metabolic disorders and reduced the histopathological injury. Pathway analysis indicated that alterations of differential metabolites were mainly involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, linolenic acid metabolism, α-linoleic acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. These changes were accompanied by a significant perturbation of intestinal microbiota characterized by marked increased microbial richness and changed microbiota composition. There were many genera illustrating strong correlations with hyperlipidemia-related markers (e.g., weight gains, GLU, and total cholesterol), including the Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group and the Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group. Overall, this study initially confirmed that hyperlipidemia is associated with metabolic disturbance and intestinal microbiota disorders, and SM can be employed to help decrease hyperlipidemia risk, including improving the abnormal metabolic profile and maintaining the gut microbial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shikai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shikai Yan, ; Huizi Jin,
| | - Huizi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shikai Yan, ; Huizi Jin,
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18
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Chernukha I, Fedulova L, Kotenkova E. White, beige and brown adipose tissue: structure, function, specific features and possibility formation and divergence in pigs. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2022. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2022-1-10-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Traditionally, mammalian adipose tissue is divided into white (white adipose tissue – WAT) and brown (brown adipose tissue – BAT). While the functions of WAT are well known as the triglyceride depot, the role of BAT in mammalian physiology has been under close investigation. The first description of the role of BAT in maintaining thermogenesis dates back to 1961. This article offers a review of structural and functional specificity of white, beige and brown adipose tissue.
Results and discussion. The differences and descriptions of adipocytes and their impact on the maintenance of the main functions of the mammalian body are described in this manuscript. In particular, thermogenesis, stress response, obesity, type II diabetes. In addition to WAT and BAT, an intermediate form was also detected in the body – beige fat (BeAT or Brite). The opposite opinions regarding the presence of three types of adipose tissue in the human and animal bodies are presented. Studies on the identification of uncoupling proteins 1 and 3 and their role in the transformation of white fat into beige/brown are considered. Basically, the data on the factors of endogenous and exogenous nature on their formation are given on the example of the human body.
Conclusion. With an abundance of publications on the keywords: “white, brown fat”, these studies, in the overwhelming majority, are devoted to the role of these fats in the formation of human thermogenesis, the assessment of the impact on obesity. Pigs have also been suggested to lack functional BAT, which is a major cause of neonatal death in the swine industry, therefore the focus on investigating role of different types of adipose tissue in pigs seems very promising in order to understand whether there is a compensating mechanism of thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chernukha
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS
| | - Liliya Fedulova
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS
| | - Elena Kotenkova
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS
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19
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Li R, Xue Z, Li S, Zhou J, Liu J, Zhang M, Panichayupakaranant P, Chen H. Mulberry leaf polysaccharides ameliorate obesity through activation of brown adipose tissue and modulation of the gut microbiota in high-fat diet fed mice. Food Funct 2021; 13:561-573. [PMID: 34951619 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02324a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Improving energy homeostasis and the gut microbiota is a promising strategy to improve obesity and related metabolic disorders. Mulberry leaf is one of the traditional Chinese medicines and functional diets. In this work, a mouse model induced by high-fat diet (HFD) was used to reveal the role of mulberry leaf polysaccharides (MLP). It was found that MLP had a significant effect in limiting body weight gain (reduced by 19.95%, 35.47% and 52.46%, respectively), ameliorating hepatic steatosis and regulating lipid metabolism in HFD induced obese mice (P < 0.05). RT-PCR and western blot analysis suggested that these metabolic improvements were mediated by inducing the development of brown-like adipocytes in inguinal white adipose tissue and enhancing brown adipose tissue activity. Besides, 16S rRNA sequencing results led to the inference that MLP could mitigate the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Together, these findings indicated that MLP possess great potential as a diet supplement or medication for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Zihan Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Shuqin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Jingna Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Junyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.
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20
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Ahluwalia MK. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics-A personalized approach to nutrition. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 108:277-340. [PMID: 34844714 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases has been on an upward trajectory for some time and this puts an enormous burden on the healthcare expenditure. Lifestyle modifications including dietary interventions hold an immense promise to manage and prevent these diseases. Recent advances in genomic research provide evidence that focussing these efforts on individual variations in abilities to metabolize nutrients (nutrigenetics) and exploring the role of dietary compounds on gene expression (nutrigenomics and nutri-epigenomics) can lead to more meaningful personalized dietary strategies to promote optimal health. This chapter aims to provide examples on these gene-diet interactions at multiple levels to support the need of embedding targeted dietary interventions as a way forward to prevent, avoid and manage diseases.
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21
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Cheng L, Wang J, Dai H, Duan Y, An Y, Shi L, Lv Y, Li H, Wang C, Ma Q, Li Y, Li P, Du H, Zhao B. Brown and beige adipose tissue: a novel therapeutic strategy for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adipocyte 2021; 10:48-65. [PMID: 33403891 PMCID: PMC7801117 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1870060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian adipose tissue can be divided into two major types, namely, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). According to classical view, the main function of WAT is to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides, while BAT is a thermogenic tissue that acts a pivotal part in maintaining the core body temperature. White adipocytes display high plasticity and can transdifferentiate into beige adipocytes which have many similar morphological and functional properties with brown adipocytes under the stimulations of exercise, cold exposure and other factors. This phenomenon is also known as 'browning of WAT'. In addition to transdifferentiation, beige adipocytes can also come from de novo differentiation from tissue-resident progenitors. Activating BAT and inducing browning of WAT can accelerate the intake of glycolipids and reduce the insulin secretion requirement, which may be a new strategy to improve glycolipids metabolism and insulin resistance of obese and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This review mainly discusses the significance of brown and beige adipose tissues in the treatment of obesity and T2DM, and focuses on the effect of the browning agent on obesity and T2DM, which provides a brand-new theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yuhui Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yongcheng An
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yinglan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quantao Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Haifeng Du
- The Third Municipal Hospital of Chengde, Chengde, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
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22
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Oleuropein Ameliorates Advanced Stage of Type 2 Diabetes in db/ db Mice by Regulating Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072131. [PMID: 34206641 PMCID: PMC8308455 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported the therapeutic effects of oleuropein (OP) consumption on the early stage of type 2 diabetes. However, the efficacy of OP on the advanced stage of type 2 diabetes has not been investigated, and the relationship between OP and intestinal flora has not been studied. Therefore, in this study, to explore the relieving effects of OP intake on the advanced stage of type 2 diabetes and the regulatory effects of OP on intestinal microbes, diabetic db/db mice (17-week-old) were treated with OP at the dose of 200 mg/kg for 15 weeks. We found that OP has a significant effect in decreasing fasting blood glucose levels, improving glucose tolerance, lowering the homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance index, restoring histopathological features of tissues, and promoting hepatic protein kinase B activation in db/db mice. Notably, OP modulates gut microbiota at phylum level, increases the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Deferribacteres, and decreases the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. OP treatment increases the relative abundance of Akkermansia, as well as decreases the relative abundance of Prevotella, Odoribacter, Ruminococcus, and Parabacteroides at genus level. In conclusion, OP may ameliorate the advanced stage of type 2 diabetes through modulating the composition and function of gut microbiota. Our findings provide a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of advanced stage type 2 diabetes.
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23
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Effects of bioactive components of Pu-erh tea on gut microbiomes and health: A review. Food Chem 2021; 353:129439. [PMID: 33743430 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pu-erh tea is a post-fermentation tea with unique flavor and multiple health benefits. Due to the various microorganisms involved in the post-fermentation process, Pu-erh tea contains highly complex components, which have rich interactions with the gut microbiomes (GMs). Because the structure and homeostasis of GMs are closely related to human wellness and the various diseases progress, the beneficial effects of Pu-erh tea on GMs have a great potential for application in health care. However, there is no systematic summary of the bioactive components of Pu-erh tea, and their effects on the GMs. Here, we review the current studies on the effects of Pu-erh tea and its bioactive components on the structure of GMs as well as on health improvement, and further discuss the relevant quality indicators. This "components - function - indicators" clue will hopefully stimulate the standardization of Pu-erh tea fermentation process and the development of its functional products.
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24
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Han HS, Lee HH, Gil HS, Chung KS, Kim JK, Kim DH, Yoon J, Chung EK, Lee JK, Yang WM, Shin YK, Ahn HS, Lee SH, Lee KT. Standardized hot water extract from the leaves of Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. alleviates obesity via the AMPK pathway and modulation of the gut microbiota composition in high fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:2672-2685. [PMID: 33656018 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02185g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing health problem worldwide as it is the major risk factor for metabolic diseases. In the present study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of WHS by examining its effects on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or a high fat diet (HFD) with or without WHS. At the end of the experiment, we observed the changes in their body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight and lipid profiles in plasma. We performed western blot and histological analyses of WAT and liver to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of action. We also conducted fecal 16S rRNA analysis for investigating the gut microbiota. Our results indicated that pre- and post-oral administration of WHS significantly prevented body weight gain and reduced body fat weight in HFD-induced obese mice. In addition, WHS was found to improve adipocyte hypertrophy and liver fat accumulation by regulating the AMPK and AKT/mTOR pathways. WHS ameliorated hyperlipidemia by reducing total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and decreased the energy metabolism-related hormones, leptin and insulin, in mouse plasma. Furthermore, we found that WHS modulated gut dysbiosis by normalizing HFD-induced changes. Taken together, our in vivo data implicate that WHS can be considered as a potential dietary supplement for alleviating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Soo Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Li X, Wu D, Niu J, Sun Y, Wang Q, Yang B, Kuang H. Intestinal Flora: A Pivotal Role in Investigation of Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:237-268. [PMID: 33622213 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal flora is essential for maintaining host health and plays a unique role in transforming Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). TCM, as a bodyguard, has saved countless lives and maintained human health in the long history, especially in this COVID-19 pandemic. Pains of diseases have been removed from the effective TCM therapy, such as TCM preparation, moxibustion, and acupuncture. With the development of life science and technology, the wisdom and foresight of TCM has been more displayed. Furthermore, TCM has been also inherited and developed in innovation to better realize the modernization and globalization. Nowadays, intestinal flora transforming TCM and TCM targeted intestinal flora treating diseases have been important findings in life science. More and more TCM researches showed the significance of intestinal flora. Intestinal flora is also a way to study TCM to elucidate the profound theory of TCM. Processing, compatibility, and properties of TCM are well demonstrated by intestinal flora. Thus, it is no doubt that intestinal flora is a core in TCM study. The interaction between intestinal flora and TCM is so crucial for host health. Therefore, it is necessary to sum up the latest results in time. This paper systematically depicted the profile of TCM and the importance of intestinal flora in host. What is more, we comprehensively summarized and discussed the latest progress of the interplay between TCM and intestinal flora to better reveal the core connotation of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Jingjie Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
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26
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Zhao T, Wang Z, Liu Z, Xu Y. Pivotal Role of the Interaction Between Herbal Medicines and Gut Microbiota on Disease Treatment. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:336-346. [PMID: 32208116 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200324151530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With the recognition of the important role of gut microbiota in both health and disease progression, attempts to modulate its composition, as well as its co-metabolism with the organism, have attracted special attention. Abundant studies have demonstrated that dysfunction or imbalance of gut microbiota is closely related to disease progression, including endocrine diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Herbal medicines have been applied to prevent and treat diseases worldwide for hundreds of years. Although the underlying mechanism seems to be complex, one of the important ones is through modulating gut microbiota. In this review, co-metabolism between herbal medicines and microbiota, as well as the potential pathways are summarized from most recent published papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, Macao
| | - Zhe Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, Macao
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, Macao
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27
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Ma P, He P, Xu CY, Hou BY, Qiang GF, DU GH. Recent developments in natural products for white adipose tissue browning. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:803-817. [PMID: 33308601 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)60021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Excess accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) causes obesity which is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Obesity is a serious concern because it has been the leading causes of death worldwide, including diabetes, stroke, heart disease and cancer. Therefore, uncovering the mechanism of obesity and discovering anti-obesity drugs are crucial to prevent obesity and its complications. Browning, inducing white adipose tissue to brown or beige (brite) fat which is brown-like fat emerging in WAT, becomes an appealing therapeutic strategy for obesity and metabolic disorders. Due to lack of efficacy or intolerable side-effects, the clinical trials that promote brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and browning of WAT have not been successful in humans. Obviously, more specific means still need to be developed to activate browning of white adipose tissue. In this review, we summarized seven kinds of natural products (alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, long chain fatty acids, phenolic acids, else and extract) promoting white adipose tissue browning which can ameliorate the metabolic disorders, including obesity, dislipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes. Since natural products are important drug sources and the browning property plays a significant role in not only obesity treatment but also in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) improvement, natural products of inducing browning may be an irreplaceable drug discovery orientation for obesity, diabetes and even other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chun-Yang Xu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Bi-Yu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gui-Fen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guan-Hua DU
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
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28
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Zhang C, He X, Sheng Y, Yang C, Xu J, Zheng S, Liu J, Xu W, Luo Y, Huang K. Allicin-induced host-gut microbe interactions improves energy homeostasis. FASEB J 2020; 34:10682-10698. [PMID: 32619085 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001007r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allicin (diallylthiosulfinate) is a natural food compound with multiple biological and pharmacological functions. However, the mechanism of beneficial role of Allicin on energy homeostasis is not well studied. Gut microbiota (GM) profoundly affects host metabolism via microbiota-host interactions and coevolution. Here, we investigated the interventions of beneficial microbiome induced by Allicin on energy homeostasis, particularly obesity, and related complications. Interestingly, Allicin treatment significantly improved GM composition and induced the most significant alteration enrichment of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Importantly, transplantation of the Allicin-induced GM to HFD mice (AGMT) played a remarkable role in decreasing adiposity, maintaining glucose homeostasis, and ameliorating hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, AGMT was effective in modulating lipid metabolism, activated brown adipose tissues (BATs), induced browning in sWAT, reduced inflammation, and inhibited the degradation of intestinal villi. Mechanically, AGMT significantly increased Blautia [short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing microbiota] and Bifidobacterium in HFD mice, also increased the SCFAs in the cecum, which has been proved many beneficial effects on energy homeostasis. Our study highlights that Allicin-induced host-gut microbe interactions plays an important role in regulating energy homeostasis, which provides a promising potential therapy for obesity and metabolic disorders based on host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhai Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Sheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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29
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Zheng Y, Gou X, Zhang L, Gao H, Wei Y, Yu X, Pang B, Tian J, Tong X, Li M. Interactions Between Gut Microbiota, Host, and Herbal Medicines: A Review of New Insights Into the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:360. [PMID: 32766169 PMCID: PMC7379170 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) are a major subset of complementary and alternative medicine. They have been employed for the efficient clinical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for centuries. However, the related underlying mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. It has been found out that microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of T2DM. An interplay between gut microbiota and host occurs mainly at the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier. The host movements influence the composition and abundance of gut microbiota, whereas gut microbiota in turn modulate the metabolic and immunological activities of the host. Intestinal dysbiosis, endotoxin-induced metabolic inflammation, immune response disorder, bacterial components and metabolites, and decreased production of short-chain fatty acids are considered significant pathogenic mechanisms underlying T2DM. The interaction between gut microbiota and HMs during T2DM treatment has been investigated in human, animal, and in vitro studies. HMs regulate the composition of beneficial and harmful bacteria and decrease the inflammation caused by gut microbiota. Furthermore, the metabolism of gut microbiota modulates HM biotransformation. In this review, we have summarized such research findings, with the aim to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic mechanisms of HMs in T2DM and to provide new insights into specific targeted HM-based therapies and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Gou
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanjia Gao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaxing Tian
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xiaolin Tong
| | - Min Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Min Li
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30
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Li C, Zhang H, Li X. The Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3371-3381. [PMID: 33061498 PMCID: PMC7524185 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s274534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the lipid deposition caused by the imbalance between energy intake and consumption caused by a variety of factors. Obesity can lead to multiple systemic complications. At present, the treatment of obesity is mainly lifestyle intervention, drug weight loss, and weight loss surgery, but the curative effect is limited or the side effects are serious. Traditional Chinese medicine plays a unique role in the treatment of obesity. Existing studies have found that traditional Chinese medicine can treat obesity in a variety of ways, such as regulating intestinal microflora, enhancing hormone level, regulating fat metabolism, and so on. In this review, we will introduce and summarize the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaohua Li Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai200137, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +86 021-58670561 Email
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