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Sawant S, Nandi SS, Gohil T, Jadhav A, Samudra P, Arora M, Rudra U, Deshpande J. A multiplex SNaPshot assay for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism associated with clinical severity of enterovirus infections. Gene 2024; 926:148618. [PMID: 38821327 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Non-polio enterovirus infections are known to cause a variety of diseases and neurological complications. It is also known that the severity of these diseases largely differs among individuals with different genotypes and alleles. The Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) within specific genes have a considerable effect on the immune response to enteroviruses and on the outcome of disease, leading to variations in complications and infection susceptibility. Knowing the distribution of such SNPs can be valuable for individual case management and studying epidemiological parameters of enterovirus infections. In this feasibility study, a multiplex version of the primer extension-based technique called the SNaPshot Assay has been developed to examine SNPs in various relevant genes for predicting the clinical severity of enterovirus infections. It is already established that this technique is precise, consistent, scalable, and likely to exhibit high throughput. The multiplex SNaPshot can investigate multiple genetic susceptibility markers simultaneously, and the assay can be used to identify vulnerable populations, understand the epidemiology of infections, and manage the outbreaks of enteroviruses. Based on the literature, 15 SNPs were identified which are suspected for higher susceptibility to the worst outcomes after enterovirus infection and the assay was developed. Blood samples of 100 healthy volunteers were collected and tested for assay feasibility as well as to know the proportions of 15 selected SNPs. After the analysis, seven SNPs have been identified and suggested to be considered for future assays. Based on the pilot test results, it appears that positivity for any three out of the identified seven SNPs might indicate a higher risk, and future studies correlated with clinical studies among patients with and without severe diseases utilizing this assay will provide robust parameters to determine at-risk individuals more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Sawant
- National Institute of Virology Mumbai Unit, Haffkine Institute Compound, AD Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
| | - Shyam Sundar Nandi
- National Institute of Virology Mumbai Unit, Haffkine Institute Compound, AD Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
| | - Trupti Gohil
- National Institute of Virology Mumbai Unit, Haffkine Institute Compound, AD Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
| | - Abhijeet Jadhav
- Scientist E, National Institute of Virology, Pune 411001, India.
| | - Prasanna Samudra
- National Institute of Virology Mumbai Unit, Haffkine Institute Compound, AD Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
| | - Meera Arora
- Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Memorial Hospital (Zonal) Byculla, Central Railway, Mumbai 400012, India.
| | - Ujjaini Rudra
- Dr. Balasaheb Vikhe Patil Rural Medical College, Loni 413736, India.
| | - Jagadish Deshpande
- National Institute of Virology Mumbai Unit, Haffkine Institute Compound, AD Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
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Hu Y, Zhao W, Lv Y, Li H, Li J, Zhong M, Pu D, Jian F, Song J, Zhang Y. NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis exacerbates coxsackievirus A16 and coxsackievirus A10-induced inflammatory response and viral replication in SH-SY5Y cells. Virus Res 2024; 345:199386. [PMID: 38705479 PMCID: PMC11091677 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10), more commonly etiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), are capable of causing severe neurological syndromes with high fatalities, but their neuropathogenesis has rarely been studied. Mounting evidence indicated that pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of cell death that might be widely involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of neurotropic viruses. Our study was designed to examine the effects of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in CV-A16- and CV-A10-induced inflammatory neuropathologic formation. In this work, it was showed that SH-SY5Y cells were susceptible to CV-A16 and CV-A10, and meanwhile their infections could result in a decreasing cell viability and an increasing LDH release as well as Caspase1 activation. Moreover, CV-A16 and CV-A10 infections triggered NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis and promoted the release of inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, activated NLRP3 accelerated the pyroptosis formation and aggravated the inflammatory response, but inhibited NLRP3 had a dampening effect on the above situation. Finally, it was further revealed that NLRP3 agonist enhanced the viral replication, but NLRP3 inhibitor suppressed the viral replication, suggesting that NLRP3-driven pyroptosis might support CV-A16 and CV-A10 production in SH-SY5Y cells. Together, our findings demonstrated a mechanism by which CV-A16 and CV-A10 induce inflammatory responses by evoking NLRP3 inflammasome-regulated pyroptosis, which in turn further stimulated the viral replication, providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of CV-A16 and CV-A10 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yaming Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Li
- National and Local Engineering Center for Infectious Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jiang Li
- National and Local Engineering Center for Infectious Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Mingmei Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dandan Pu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fuping Jian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Song
- National and Local Engineering Center for Infectious Biological Products, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Machado RS, Tavares FN, Sousa IP. Global landscape of coxsackieviruses in human health. Virus Res 2024; 344:199367. [PMID: 38561065 PMCID: PMC11002681 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Coxsackieviruses-induced infections, particularly in infants and young children, are one of the most important public health issues in low- and middle-income countries, where the surveillance system varies substantially, and these manifestations have been disregarded. They are widespread throughout the world and are responsible for a broad spectrum of human diseases, from mildly symptomatic conditions to severe acute and chronic disorders. Coxsackieviruses (CV) have been found to have 27 identified genotypes, with overlaps in clinical phenotypes between genotypes. In this review, we present a concise overview of the most recent studies and findings of coxsackieviruses-associated disorders, along with epidemiological data that provides comprehensive details on the distribution, variability, and clinical manifestations of different CV types. We also highlight the significant roles that CV infections play in the emergence of neurodegenerative illnesses and their effects on neurocognition. The current role of CVs in oncolytic virotherapy is also mentioned. This review provides readers with a better understanding of coxsackieviruses-associated disorders and pointing the impact that CV infections can have on different organs with variable pathogenicity. A deeper knowledge of these infections could have implications in designing current surveillance and prevention strategies related to severe CVs-caused infections, as well as encourage studies to identify the emergence of more pathogenic types and the etiology of the most common and most severe disorders associated with coxsackievirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiana S Machado
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brasil; Laboratório de Referência Regional em Enteroviroses, Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Rodovia BR 316‑ KM 07, S/N Bairro Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA 67030000, Brasil
| | - Fernando N Tavares
- Laboratório de Referência Regional em Enteroviroses, Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Rodovia BR 316‑ KM 07, S/N Bairro Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA 67030000, Brasil
| | - Ivanildo P Sousa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brasil.
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Hu Y, Zhong M, Lv Y, Zhao W, Qian B, Song J, Zhang Y. MST1/2 exerts a pivotal role in inducing neuroinflammation and Coxsackievirus-A10 replication by interacting with innate immunity. Virol J 2024; 21:89. [PMID: 38641810 PMCID: PMC11031903 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus-A10 (CV-A10), responsible for the hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) pandemic, could cause serious central nervous system (CNS) complications. The underlying molecular basis of CV-A10 and host interactions inducing neuropathogenesis is still unclear. The Hippo signaling pathway, historically known for a dominator of organ development and homeostasis, has recently been implicated as an immune regulator. However, its role in host defense against CV-A10 has not been investigated. Herein, it was found that CV-A10 proliferated in HMC3 cells and promoted the release of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)-mediated pathways, including TLR3-TRIF-TRAF3-TBK1-NF-κB axis, RIG-I/MDA5-MAVS-TRAF3-TBK1-NF-κB axis and TLR7-MyD88-IRAK1/IRAK4-TRAF6-TAK1-NF-κB axis, were examined to be elevated under CV-A10 infection. Meanwhile, it was further uncovered that Hippo signaling pathway was inhibited in HMC3 cells with CV-A10 infection. Previous studies have been reported that there exist complex relations between innate immune and Hippo signaling pathway. Then, plasmids of knockdown and overexpression of MST1/2 were transfected into HMC3 cells. Our results showed that MST1/2 suppressed the levels of inflammatory cytokines via interacting with TBK1 and IRAK1, and also enhanced virus production via restricting IRF3 and IFN-β expressions. Overall, these data obviously pointed out that CV-A10 accelerated the formation of neuroinflammation by the effect of the Hippo pathway on the PRRs-mediated pathway, which delineates a negative immunoregulatory role for MST1/2 in CV-A10 infection and the potential for this pathway to be pharmacologically targeted to treat CV-A10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Minigmei Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yaming Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Baojiang Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
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Cheng L, Zhong S, Xu X, Li J, Xie F, Lin Y, Zhang D. Chinese parents' intention to vaccinate their 0-5-year-old children with the EV-71 vaccine against hand, foot, and mouth disease and willingness-to-pay. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1336687. [PMID: 38525345 PMCID: PMC10958786 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1336687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine the intention and willingness-to-pay (WTP) of Chinese parents/guardians to vaccinate their children with the EV-71 vaccine. Knowledge levels about hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and the EV-71 vaccine were also investigated. Methods A cross-sectional, self-administered online survey was conducted between November 2022 and March 2023. A stratified multi-stage random sampling method was used to recruit parents/guardians of children aged 0-5 years in southeastern China. Results A total of 3,626 complete responses were received. The mean knowledge score of HFMD was 9.99 (±4.23) out of a total of 14 points. The majority of the participants reported a somewhat willing intent (58.8%), followed by an extremely willing intent (28.9%). Participants who did not consider the EV-71 vaccine expensive (OR = 2.94, 95%CI 2.45-3.53) perceived that the EV-71 vaccine is effective (OR = 2.73, 95%CI 1.52-4.90), and a high knowledge level of HFMD (OR = 1.90, 95%CI 1.57-2.29) had the highest significant odds of having an extremely willing intent to vaccinate their children with the EV-71 vaccine. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) of WTP for the EV-71 vaccine was CNY¥200/USD$28 (IQR CNY¥100-400/USD$14-56). The highest marginal WTP for the vaccine was mainly influenced by the perceived high cost of the vaccine. Those participants who did not consider the EV-71 vaccine expensive had more than 10 times higher odds of vaccinating their children (OR = 10.86, 95%CI 8.49-13.88). Perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers were also significant influencing factors in the highest marginal WTP. Conclusion The findings demonstrate the importance of improving health promotion and reducing the barriers to EV-71 vaccination. Therefore, it is important to improve health promotion and reduce the barriers to EV-71 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sumei Zhong
- Vaccine Clinical Trial Center, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Junrong Li
- Vaccine Clinical Trial Center, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fangqin Xie
- Vaccine Clinical Trial Center, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yulan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dongjuan Zhang
- Vaccine Clinical Trial Center, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Chen Y, Nguyet LA, Nhan LNT, Qui PT, Nhu LNT, Hong NTT, Ny NTH, Anh NT, Thanh LK, Phuong HT, Vy NHT, Thanh NTL, Khanh TH, Hung NT, Viet DC, Nam NT, Chau NVV, van Doorn HR, Tan LV, Clapham H. Age-time-specific transmission of hand-foot-and-mouth disease enterovirus serotypes in Vietnam: A catalytic model with maternal immunity. Epidemics 2024; 46:100754. [PMID: 38428358 PMCID: PMC10945305 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is highly prevalent in the Asia Pacific region, particularly in Vietnam. To develop effective interventions and efficient vaccination programs, we inferred the age-time-specific transmission patterns of HFMD serotypes enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6), coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10), coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from a case data collected during 2013-2018 and a serological survey data collected in 2015 and 2017. We proposed a catalytic model framework with good adaptability to incorporate maternal immunity using various mathematical functions. Our results indicate the high-level transmission of CV-A6 and CV-A10 which is not obvious in the case data, due to the variation of disease severity across serotypes. Our results provide statistical evidence supporting the strong association between severe illness and CV-A6 and EV-A71 infections. The HFMD dynamic pattern presents a cyclical pattern with large outbreaks followed by a decline in subsequent years. Additionally, we identify the age group with highest risk of infection as 1-2 years and emphasise the risk of future outbreaks as over 50% of children aged 6-7 years were estimated to be susceptible to CV-A16 and EV-A71. Our study highlights the importance of multivalent vaccines and active surveillance for different serotypes, supports early vaccination prior to 1 year old, and points out the potential utility for vaccinating children older than 5 years old in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Lam Anh Nguyet
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Phan Tu Qui
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - Nguyen Thi Han Ny
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen To Anh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Le Kim Thanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Huynh Thi Phuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Ha Thao Vy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | | | | | - Do Chau Viet
- Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Nguyen Van Vinh Chau
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - H Rogier van Doorn
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Le Van Tan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Clapham
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
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Shrestha S, Malla B, Sangsanont J, Sirikanchana K, Ngo HTT, Inson JGM, Enriquez MLD, Alam ZF, Setiyawan AS, Setiadi T, Takeda T, Kitajima M, Haramoto E. Detection of enteroviruses related to hand foot and mouth disease in wastewater of Asian communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169375. [PMID: 38110101 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is contagious and predominantly affects children below the age of five. HFMD-associated serotypes of Enterovirus A (EVA) family include EVA71, Coxsackievirus A type 6 (CVA6), 10 (CVA10), and 16 (CVA16). Although prevalent in numerous Asian countries, studies on HFMD-causing agents in wastewater are scarce. This study aimed to conduct wastewater surveillance in various Asian communities to detect and quantify serotypes of EVA associated with HFMD. In total, 77 wastewater samples were collected from Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam from March 2022 to February 2023. The detection ratio for CVA6 RNA in samples from Vietnam was 40 % (8/20). The detection ratio for CVA6 and EVA71 RNA each was 25 % (5/20) for the Indonesian samples, indicating the need for clinical surveillance of CVA6, as clinical reports have been limited. For the Philippines, 12 % (2/17) of the samples were positive for CVA6 and EVA71 RNA each, with only one quantifiable sample each. Samples from Thailand had a lower detection ratio (1/20) for CVA6 RNA, and the concentration was unquantifiable. Conversely, CVA10 and CVA16 RNAs were not detected in any of the samples. The minimum and maximum concentrations of CVA6 RNA were 2.7 and 3.9 log10 copies/L and those for EVA71 RNA were 2.5 and 4.9 log10 copies/L, respectively. This study underscores the importance of wastewater surveillance in understanding the epidemiology of HFMD-associated EVA serotypes in Asian communities. Long-term wastewater surveillance is recommended to monitor changes in dominant serotypes, understand seasonality, and develop effective prevention and control strategies for HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Shrestha
- Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Bikash Malla
- Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Jatuwat Sangsanont
- Department of Environmental Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Water Science and Technology for Sustainable Environmental Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kwanrawee Sirikanchana
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Rd., Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Huong Thi Thuy Ngo
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam; Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Lab, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward - Ha Dong District, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam.
| | - Jessamine Gail M Inson
- Department of Biology, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 1004, Philippines.
| | - Ma Luisa D Enriquez
- Department of Biology, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 1004, Philippines.
| | - Zeba F Alam
- Department of Biology, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 1004, Philippines.
| | - Ahmad Soleh Setiyawan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Tjandra Setiadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Tomoko Takeda
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Kitajima
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Eiji Haramoto
- Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan.
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8
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Wan Y, Song P, Liu J, Xu X, Lei X. A hybrid model for hand-foot-mouth disease prediction based on ARIMA-EEMD-LSTM. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:879. [PMID: 38102558 PMCID: PMC10722819 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease that poses a serious threat to children all over the world. However, the current prediction models for HFMD still require improvement in accuracy. In this study, we proposed a hybrid model based on autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and long short-term memory (LSTM) to predict the trend of HFMD. METHODS The data used in this study was sourced from the National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, China. The daily reported incidence of HFMD from 1 January 2015 to 27 July 2023 was collected to develop an ARIMA-EEMD-LSTM hybrid model. ARIMA, LSTM, ARIMA-LSTM and EEMD-LSTM models were developed to compare with the proposed hybrid model. Root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and coefficient of determination (R2) were adopted to evaluate the performances of the prediction models. RESULTS Overall, ARIMA-EEMD-LSTM model achieved the most accurate prediction for HFMD, with RMSE, MAPE and R2 of 4.37, 2.94 and 0.996, respectively. Performing EEMD on the residual sequence yields 11 intrinsic mode functions. EEMD-LSTM model is the second best, with RMSE, MAPE and R2 of 6.20, 3.98 and 0.996. CONCLUSION Results showed the advantage of ARIMA-EEMD-LSTM model over the ARIMA model, the LSTM model, the ARIMA-LSTM model and the EEMD-LSTM model. For the prevention and control of epidemics, the proposed hybrid model may provide a more powerful help. Compared with other three models, the two integrated with EEMD method showed significant improvement in predictive capability, offering novel insights for modeling of disease time series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wan
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, No1 Medical College Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Song
- Big Data Center for Children's Medical Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136. Zhongshan 2Nd Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangchen Liu
- School of Mathematical Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Big Data Center for Children's Medical Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No 136. Zhongshan 2Nd Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xun Lei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, No1 Medical College Rd, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Yoo B, Kim MG, Min AY, Seo DW, Kim SH, Kim SH. Optimization of RT-PCR methods for enterovirus detection in groundwater. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23028. [PMID: 38149210 PMCID: PMC10750030 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs), which belong to the Picornaviridae family, infect individuals asymptomatically or cause mild symptoms (fever, runny nose, cough, skin rash, sneezing, mouth blister). Severe cases can cause various diseases, such as acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, aseptic meningitis, or myocarditis, especially in infants. These viruses can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route via contaminated water. In this study, we established a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for detecting EVs in water sample using Coxsackievirus B5 (CV-B5) and Echovirus 30 (E-30), which belong to species B of the four species of EVs (EV-A to D). Several methods have been investigated and compared for the detection of EVs, including real-time reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction and conventional RT-PCR. The most sensitive primer sets were selected, and the PCR conditions were modified to increase sensitivity. We also quantified the detection limits of real-time and conventional RT-PCR. The detection limits of conventional RT-PCR were detected in 105-106 copy/mL for CV-B5 and 106-107 copy/mL for E-30, respectively. This optimized method for detecting EVs is expected to contribute substantially to the investigation of EV outbreaks in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boeun Yoo
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Gyeong Kim
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - A Young Min
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Won Seo
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Kim
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Han Kim
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
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10
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Zheng D, Shen L, Wen W, Ling F, Miao Z, Sun J, Lin H. The impact of EV71 vaccination program on hand, foot and mouth disease in Zhejiang Province, China: A negative control study. Infect Dis Model 2023; 8:1088-1096. [PMID: 37745754 PMCID: PMC10514095 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To estimate the potential causal impact of Enterovirus A71 (EV71) vaccination program on the reduction of EV71-infected hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Zhejiang Province. Methods We utilized the longitudinal surveillance dataset of HFMD and EV71 vaccination in Zhejiang Province during 2010-2019. We estimated vaccine efficacy using a Bayesian structured time series (BSTS) model, and employed a negative control outcome (NCO) model to detect unmeasured confounding and reveal potential causal association. Results We estimated that 20,132 EV71 cases (95% CI: 16,733, 23,532) were prevented by vaccination program during 2017-2019, corresponding to a reduction of 29% (95% CI: 24%, 34%). The effectiveness of vaccination increased annually, with reductions of 11% (95% CI: 6%, 16%) in 2017 and 66% (95% CI: 61%, 71%) in 2019. Children under 5 years old obtained greater benefits compared to those over 5 years. Cities with higher vaccination coverage experienced a sharper EV71 reduction compared to those with lower coverage. The NCO model detected no confounding factors in the association between vaccination and EV71 cases reduction. Conclusions This study suggested a potential causal effect of the EV71 vaccination, highlighting the importance of achieving higher vaccine coverage to control the HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashan Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Lingzhi Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, China
| | - Wanqi Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Feng Ling
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, China
| | - Ziping Miao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, China
| | - Jimin Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310051, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
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11
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Shrestha S, Malla B, Haramoto E. Monitoring hand foot and mouth disease using long-term wastewater surveillance in Japan: Quantitative PCR assay development and application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165926. [PMID: 37527711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious disease that primarily affects children under five years of age. It is mainly caused by serotypes of Enterovirus A (EVA): EVA71, Coxsackievirus A types 6 (CVA6), 10 (CVA10), and 16 (CVA16). Despite being highly prevalent in Japan and other countries in the Asia-Pacific region, few studies have investigated HFMD pathogens in wastewater. The present study aimed to develop a highly sensitive and broadly reactive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay of dominant serotype CVA6, to revise previously developed CVA6, CVA10, and CVA16 assays, and to test these assays in wastewater samples from Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. The new-CVA6 qPCR assay was developed with maximal nucleotide percent identity among CVA6 isolates from Japan. The new-CVA6 and revised assays were highly sensitive and had the ability to quantify respective positive controls at levels as low as 1 copy/μL. Among the 53 grab influent samples collected between March 2022 and March 2023, EVA71, CVA10, and CVA16 RNA were not detected in any samples, whereas the new-CVA6 assay could detect CVA6 RNA in 38 % (20/53) of samples. CVA6 RNA was detected at a significantly higher concentration in the summer season (3.3 ± 0.8 log10 copies/L; 79 % (11/14)) than in autumn (2.7 ± 0.6 log10 copies/L; 69 % (9/13)). The seasonal trend of CVA6 RNA detection in wastewater aligned with the trend of HFMD case reports in the catchment of the wastewater treatment plant. This is the first study to report the detection and seasonal trends of the EVA serotypes associated with HFMD in wastewater samples in Japan. It provides evidence that wastewater-based epidemiology is applicable even for diseases that are prevalent only in specific population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Shrestha
- Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Bikash Malla
- Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Eiji Haramoto
- Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan.
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12
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Bubba L, Benschop KSM, Blomqvist S, Duizer E, Martin J, Shaw AG, Bailly JL, Rasmussen LD, Baicus A, Fischer TK, Harvala H. Wastewater Surveillance in Europe for Non-Polio Enteroviruses and Beyond. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2496. [PMID: 37894154 PMCID: PMC10608818 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater surveillance (WWS) was developed in the early 1960s for the detection of poliovirus (PV) circulation in the population. It has been used to monitor several pathogens, including non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs), which are increasingly recognised as causes of morbidity in children. However, when applying WWS to a new pathogen, it is important to consider the purpose of such a study as well as the suitability of the chosen methodology. With this purpose, the European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network (ENPEN) organised an expert webinar to discuss its history, methods, and applications; its evolution from a culture-based method to molecular detection; and future implementation of next generation sequencing (NGS). The first simulation experiments with PV calculated that a 400 mL sewage sample is sufficient for the detection of viral particles if 1:10,000 people excrete poliovirus in a population of 700,000 people. If the method is applied correctly, several NPEV types are detected. Despite culture-based methods remaining the gold standard for WWS, direct methods followed by molecular-based and sequence-based assays have been developed, not only for enterovirus but for several pathogens. Along with case-based sentinel and/or syndromic surveillance, WWS for NPEV and other pathogens represents an inexpensive, flexible, anonymised, reliable, population-based tool for monitoring outbreaks and the (re)emergence of these virus types/strains within the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bubba
- European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network (E.N.P.E.N.), 1207 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kimberley S. M. Benschop
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (K.S.M.B.); (E.D.)
| | - Soile Blomqvist
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 95, 70701 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Erwin Duizer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (K.S.M.B.); (E.D.)
| | - Javier Martin
- Division of Vaccines, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, UK;
| | - Alexander G. Shaw
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Jean-Luc Bailly
- Laboratoire Micro-Organismes Genome Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Lasse D. Rasmussen
- Virus Surveillance and Research Section Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Anda Baicus
- Enteric Viral Infections Laboratory, Cantacuzino National Institute for Medical-Military Research and Development, 020123 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Thea K. Fischer
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Nordsjaelland, 3400 Hilleroed, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heli Harvala
- Microbiology Services National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, London NW9 5BG, UK;
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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13
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Lai J, Li Z, Pan L, Huang Y, Zhou Z, Ma C, Guo J, Xu L. Research progress on pathogenic and therapeutic mechanisms of Enterovirus A71. Arch Virol 2023; 168:260. [PMID: 37773227 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infection has become a major global public health problem, especially for infants and young children. The results of epidemiological research show that EV-A71 infection can cause acute hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and complications of the nervous system in severe cases, including aseptic pediatric meningoencephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and even death. Many studies have demonstrated that EV-A71 infection may trigger a variety of intercellular and intracellular signaling pathways, which are interconnected to form a network that leads to the innate immune response, immune escape, inflammation, and apoptosis in the host. This article aims to provide an overview of the possible mechanisms underlying infection, signaling pathway activation, the immune response, immune evasion, apoptosis, and the inflammatory response caused by EV-A71 infection and an overview of potential therapeutic strategies against EV-A71 infection to better understand the pathogenesis of EV-A71 and to aid in the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Lai
- Academy of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhishan Li
- Academy of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Pan
- The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yunxia Huang
- The Sixth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifei Zhou
- Academy of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Academy of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiachun Guo
- Academy of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingqing Xu
- Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China.
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14
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Liu T, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Gai X, Chen L, Liu L, Yang L, Wang B. Network pharmacology-based exploration identified the antiviral efficacy of Quercetin isolated from mulberry leaves against enterovirus 71 via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1260288. [PMID: 37795035 PMCID: PMC10546324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1260288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mulberry leaf (ML) is known for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, historically documented in "Shen Nong's Materia Medica". This study aimed to investigate the effects of ML on enterovirus 71 (EV71) using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments. Methods: We successfully pinpointed shared targets between mulberry leaves (ML) and the EV71 virus by leveraging online databases. Our investigation delved into the interaction among these identified targets, leading to the identification of pivotal components within ML that possess potent anti-EV71 properties. The ability of these components to bind to the targets was verified by molecular docking. Moreover, bioinformatics predictions were used to identify the signaling pathways involved. Finally, the mechanism behind its anti-EV71 action was confirmed through in vitro experiments. Results: Our investigation uncovered 25 active components in ML that targeted 231 specific genes. Of these genes, 29 correlated with the targets of EV71. Quercetin, a major ingredient in ML, was associated with 25 of these genes. According to the molecular docking results, Quercetin has a high binding affinity to the targets of ML and EV71. According to the KEGG pathway analysis, the antiviral effect of Quercetin against EV71 was found to be closely related to the NF-κB signaling pathway. The results of immunofluorescence and Western blotting showed that Quercetin significantly reduced the expression levels of VP1, TNF-α, and IL-1β in EV71-infected human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. The phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 was reduced, and the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway was suppressed by Quercetin. Furthermore, our results showed that Quercetin downregulated the expression of JNK, ERK, and p38 and their phosphorylation levels due to EV71 infection. Conclusion: With these findings in mind, we can conclude that inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway is a critical mechanism through which Quercetin exerts its anti-EV71 effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrun Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yingyu Li
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Lumeng Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | | | - Yuxuan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xuejie Gai
- The Affiliated First Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Limin Yang
- School of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Baixin Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
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15
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Storm KK, De Herdt D, Couderé K, Verweij JJ, Torn L, Hundscheid T, van Wering HM. Severe neonatal enterovirus infection in twins with different outcomes: A case report. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1181698. [PMID: 37744436 PMCID: PMC10511746 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1181698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses are among the most common causes of acute viral illness worldwide, and in neonates, the clinical course of these infections is heterogeneous. Severe complications, such as myocarditis, are associated with high mortality rates. In this case report, we present the clinical course of premature twins born at 35 weeks of gestational age, suffering from a severe neonatal enterovirus infection with cardiac involvement, which proved fatal in one of the twins. This course led to prompt identification in the other twin and facilitated timely transfer to a neonatal intensive care unit with neonatal hemodynamic expertise, and facilitated the timely transfer to a neonatal intensive care nit with hemodynamic expertise and immediate availability of AZCMO would it have been indicated. Early supportive therapy in the other twin contributed to a positive outcome. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of early recognition in averting adverse consequences. As a recommendation, we propose routine screening of enterovirus in viral panels for febrile newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K. Storm
- Department of Pediatrics, Amphia Hospital, Breda, Netherlands
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daan De Herdt
- Department of Pediatrics, Amphia Hospital, Breda, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Karen Couderé
- Microvida, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Jaco J. Verweij
- Microvida, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | | | - Leo Torn
- Department of Pediatrics, Amphia Hospital, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Tim Hundscheid
- Department of Neonatology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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16
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Xu H, Chen P, Guo S, Shen X, Lu Y. Progress in etiological diagnosis of viral meningitis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1193834. [PMID: 37583954 PMCID: PMC10423822 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1193834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology techniques such as polymerase chain reaction and molecular biochip, the etiological diagnosis of viral encephalitis has a very big step forward. At present, the etiological examination of viral meningitis mainly includes virus isolation, serological detection and molecular biological nucleic acid detection. This article reviews the progress in etiological diagnosis of viral meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xu
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of General Practice, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shihan Guo
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaokai Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Emergency Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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17
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Hu Y, Cui F, Wang S, Liu C, Zhang S, Wang R, Song J, Zhang Y. MicroRNA expression profile of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in response to coxsackievirus A10 infection reveals a potential role of miR-143-3p in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1217984. [PMID: 37577373 PMCID: PMC10419304 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1217984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) has been one of the main etiologies of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics in recent years and can cause mild to severe illness and even death. Most of these severe and fatal cases were closely associated with neurological impairments, but the potential mechanism of neuropathological injury triggered by CV-A10 infection has not been elucidated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), implicated in the regulation of gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner, play a vital role in the pathogenesis of various central nervous system (CNS) diseases; therefore, they serve as diagnostic biomarkers and are emerging as novel therapeutic targets for CNS injuries. To gain insights into the CV-A10-induced regulation of host miRNA-processing machinery, we employed high-throughput sequencing to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in CV-A10-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and further analyzed the potential functions of these miRNAs during CV-A10 infection. The results showed that CV-A10 infection could induce 189 and 302 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs in HUVECs at 24 and 72 hpi, respectively, compared with the uninfected control. Moreover, the expression of four selected miRNAs and their relevant mRNAs was determined to verify the sequencing data by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methods. After that, gene target prediction and functional annotation revealed that the targets of these dysregulated miRNAs were mostly enriched in cell proliferation, signal transduction, cAMP signalling pathway, cellular response to interleukin-6, ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation, negative regulation of glial cell differentiation, neuron migration, positive regulation of neuron projection development, etc., which were primarily involved in the processes of basic physiology, host immunity, and neurological impairments and further reflected vital regulatory roles of miRNA in viral pathogenicity. Finally, the construction of a miRNA-regulated network also suggested that the complex regulatory mechanisms mediated by miRNAs might be involved in viral pathogenesis and virus-host interactions during CV-A10 infection. Furthermore, among these dysregulated miRNAs, miR-143-3p was demonstrated to be involved in the maintenance of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Virology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Fengxian Cui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Shenglan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shengxiong Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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18
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Tomatis Souverbielle C, Erdem G, Sánchez PJ. Update on nonpolio enterovirus and parechovirus infections in neonates and young infants. Curr Opin Pediatr 2023; 35:380-389. [PMID: 36876331 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment strategies of nonpolio enterovirus and parechovirus (PeV) infections, and identify research gaps. RECENT FINDINGS There is currently no approved antiviral agent for enterovirus or PeV infections, although pocapavir may be provided on a compassionate basis. Elucidation of the structure and functional features of enterovirus and PeV may lead to novel therapeutic strategies, including vaccine development. SUMMARY Nonpolio human enterovirus and PeV are common childhood infections that are most severe among neonates and young infants. Although most infections are asymptomatic, severe disease resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality occurs worldwide and has been associated with local outbreaks. Long-term sequelae are not well understood but have been reported following neonatal infection of the central nervous system. The lack of antiviral treatment and effective vaccines highlight important knowledge gaps. Active surveillance ultimately may inform preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guliz Erdem
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases
| | - Pablo J Sánchez
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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19
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Yu SL, Chung NH, Lin YC, Liao YA, Chen YC, Chow YH. Human SCARB2 Acts as a Cellular Associator for Helping Coxsackieviruses A10 Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:932. [PMID: 37112912 PMCID: PMC10144829 DOI: 10.3390/v15040932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina, which can result in severe neurological symptoms in children. CVA10 does not use the common enterovirus 71 (EV71) receptor, human SCARB2 (hSCARB2, scavenger receptor class B, member 2), for infection but instead uses another receptor, such as KREMEN1. Our research has shown that CVA10 can infect and replicate in mouse cells expressing human SCARB2 (3T3-SCARB2) but not in the parental NIH3T3 cells, which do not express hSCARB2 for CVA10 entry. Knocking down endogenous hSCARB2 and KREMEN1 with specific siRNAs inhibited CVA10 infection in human cells. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed that VP1, a main capsid protein where virus receptors for attaching to the host cells, could physically interact with hSCARB2 and KREMEN1 during CVA10 infection. It is the efficient virus replication following virus attachment to its cellular receptor. It resulted in severe limb paralysis and a high mortality rate in 12-day-old transgenic mice challenged with CVA10 but not in wild-type mice of the same age. Massive amounts of CVA10 accumulated in the muscles, spinal cords, and brains of the transgenic mice. Formalin inactivated CVA10 vaccine-induced protective immunity against lethal CVA10 challenge and reduced the severity of disease and tissue viral loads. This is the first report to show that hSCARB2 serves as an associate to aid CVA10 infection. hSCARB2-transgenic mice could be useful in evaluating anti-CVA10 medications and studying the pathogenesis induced by CVA10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Yu
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; (S.-L.Y.); (N.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Hsiang Chung
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; (S.-L.Y.); (N.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; (S.-L.Y.); (N.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yi-An Liao
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; (S.-L.Y.); (N.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Ying-Chin Chen
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; (S.-L.Y.); (N.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yen-Hung Chow
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan; (S.-L.Y.); (N.-H.C.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-A.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Zhu P, Ji W, Li D, Li Z, Chen Y, Dai B, Han S, Chen S, Jin Y, Duan G. Current status of hand-foot-and-mouth disease. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:15. [PMID: 36829162 PMCID: PMC9951172 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral illness commonly seen in young children under 5 years of age, characterized by typical manifestations such as oral herpes and rashes on the hands and feet. These symptoms typically resolve spontaneously within a few days without complications. Over the past two decades, our understanding of HFMD has greatly improved and it has received significant attention. A variety of research studies, including epidemiological, animal, and in vitro studies, suggest that the disease may be associated with potentially fatal neurological complications. These findings reveal clinical, epidemiological, pathological, and etiological characteristics that are quite different from initial understandings of the illness. It is important to note that HFMD has been linked to severe cardiopulmonary complications, as well as severe neurological sequelae that can be observed during follow-up. At present, there is no specific pharmaceutical intervention for HFMD. An inactivated Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) vaccine that has been approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) has been shown to provide a high level of protection against EV-A71-related HFMD. However, the simultaneous circulation of multiple pathogens and the evolution of the molecular epidemiology of infectious agents make interventions based solely on a single agent comparatively inadequate. Enteroviruses are highly contagious and have a predilection for the nervous system, particularly in child populations, which contributes to the ongoing outbreak. Given the substantial impact of HFMD around the world, this Review synthesizes the current knowledge of the virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, therapy, sequelae, and vaccine development of HFMD to improve clinical practices and public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Zhu
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Wangquan Ji
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Dong Li
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Zijie Li
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Yu Chen
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Bowen Dai
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Shujie Han
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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21
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Hwee TANGP, Koh Cheng THOON. Imaging of Congenital/Childhood Central Nervous System Infections. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2023; 33:207-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Structured Imaging Approach for Viral Encephalitis. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2023; 33:43-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Shi Y, Chen P, Bai Y, Xu X, Liu Y. Seroprevalence of coxsackievirus A6 and enterovirus A71 infection in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Virol 2023; 168:37. [PMID: 36609748 PMCID: PMC9825098 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in children. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is one of the main pathogens, and coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) has gradually become the dominant pathogen of HFMD in recent years. This study was conducted mainly to assess the serological prevalence of EV-A71 and CVA6 antibodies in people of different ages, sexes, and regions through a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive study was performed based on the EV-A71 and CVA6 serological literature published before May 2022. Heterogeneity analysis (Cochrane's Q test and the I2 statistic) and random effect models were adopted. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were used to identify potential sources of heterogeneity in the data, and all analysis was performed using STATA version 16.0. This study included 71 studies involving 55,176 people from 13 countries that met the inclusion criteria. The serological prevalence of EV-A71 antibody in different studies was 4.31-88.8%, and that of CVA6 antibody was 40.8-80.9%. Meta-analysis results showed that the serum positive rate for EV-A71 antibody was 45.9% (95% CI: 37.6-54.1%). The rate in the Chinese population was 47.8% (95% CI: 42.4-53.2%), and in the other countries, it was 38% (95% CI: 23-55%). The serum positive rate for CVA6 antibody was 58.3% (95% CI: 46.5-70.2%). The rate in the Chinese population was 49.1% (95% CI: 38.3-59.9%), and in the other countries, it was 68% (95% CI: 51-83%). Subgroup analysis was also conducted. The seroprevalence of EV-A71 and CVA6 antibodies is related to age rather than gender or region. The rates of EV-A71 and CVA6 seropositivity are considerably lower in children younger than five years of age. However, the rates gradually increase with age. The findings of this study suggest that children under five years of age may be susceptible to EV-A71 and CVA6. Thus, safety education and vaccination should be strengthened accordingly. This study provides a basis for understanding the risk factors for EV-A71 and CVA6 infection in China and for deciding how to formulate standard preventive measures to prevent the spread of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- grid.411854.d0000 0001 0709 0000Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Peiqing Chen
- grid.411854.d0000 0001 0709 0000Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Yijing Bai
- grid.411854.d0000 0001 0709 0000Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Xuan Xu
- grid.411854.d0000 0001 0709 0000Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Yongjuan Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, Jiangsu, China.
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Luan G, Liu S, Zhang W, Zhai L, Zhang Y, Sun L, Yao H. Estimating the influence of high temperature on hand, foot, and mouth disease incidence in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:1477-1484. [PMID: 35915310 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The burden of disease caused by ambient high temperature has become a public health concern, but the associations between high temperature and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) remain indistinct. We used distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to estimate the burden of disease attribute to high temperature, adjusting for long-term trend and weather confounders. Total 18,167,455 cases were reported in 31 Chinese provinces, the incidence of HFMD showed a gradually increasing trend from 2008 to 2017 in China. Minimum morbidity temperature (MMT) was mainly concentrated at 17 to 23 °C in ≤ 5 years old group, 18 to 25 °C in 6 ~ 10 years old group and 19 to 27 °C in > 10 years old group. The greatest relative risk (RR) in age group ≤ 5 years old was 2.06 (95% CI: 1.85 ~ 2.30) in Heilongjiang, and the lowest RR was 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00 ~ 1.05) in Guangdong; the greatest RR in age group 6 ~ 10 years old was 2.24 (95% CI: 1.72 ~ 2.91) in Guizhou, and the lowest RR was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97 ~ 1.12) in Tianjin; the greatest RR in the age group > 10 years old was 2.53 (95% CI: 1.66 ~ 3.87) in Heilongjiang, and the lowest RR was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.71 ~ 1.46) in Henan. We found the positive association between high temperature and HFMD in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Luan
- Office of Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shaonan Liu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Weiyan Zhang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Long Zhai
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hongyan Yao
- Office of Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
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25
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Zhu H, Liu X, Wu Y, He Y, Zheng H, Liu H, Liu Q. Identification of a neutralizing linear epitope within the VP1 protein of coxsackievirus A10. Virol J 2022; 19:203. [PMID: 36457099 PMCID: PMC9714398 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) is a leading cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). It is necessary to identify neutralizing epitopes to investigate and develop an epitope-based vaccine against CV-A10. The viral protein VP1 is the immunodominant capsid protein and contains the critical neutralizing epitope. However, neutralizing epitopes within VP1 protein of CV-A10 have not been well characterized. METHODS Bioinformatics techniques were applied to predict linear epitopes on the CV-A10 VP1 protein. The advanced structural features of epitopes were analyzed by three-dimensional (3D) modeling. The anticipated epitope peptides were synthesized and used to immunize mice as antigens. ELISA and micro-neutralization assay were used to determine the specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody titers. The protective efficacy of the epitope peptides in vivo was evaluated using a passive immunization/challenge assay. RESULTS Three linear epitopes (EP3, EP4, and EP5) were predicted on CV-A10 VP1, all spatially exposed on the capsid surface, and exhibited adequate immunogenicity. However, only EP4, corresponding to residues 162-176 of VP1, demonstrated potent neutralization against CV-A10. To determine the neutralizing capacity of EP4 further, EP4 double-peptide was synthesized and injected into mice. The mean neutralizing antibody titer of the anti-EP4 double-peptide sera was 1:50.79, which provided 40% protection against lethal infection with CV-A10 in neonatal mice. In addition, sequence and advanced structural analysis revealed that EP4 was highly conserved among representative strains of CV-A10 and localized in the EF loop region of VP1, like EV-A71 SP55 or CV-A16 PEP55. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that EP4 is a specific linear neutralizing epitope on CV-A10 VP1. Its protective efficacy can be enhanced by increasing its copy number, which will be the foundation for developing a CV-A10 epitope-based vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zhu
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548College of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi China ,grid.484105.cKey Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (Guilin Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Liu
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548College of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi China ,grid.484105.cKey Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (Guilin Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, China
| | - Yue Wu
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi China
| | - Yunyi He
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi China
| | - Huanying Zheng
- grid.508326.a0000 0004 1754 9032Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi China ,Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, Guilin, Guangxi China ,grid.484105.cKey Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (Guilin Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiliang Liu
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548College of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi China ,grid.484105.cKey Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (Guilin Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, China
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Hijazi G, Dakroub F, Khoueiry P, El-Kurdi A, Ezzeddine A, Alkalamouni H, Alansari K, Althani AA, Mathew S, AlKhatib HA, Yassine HM, Zaraket H. Viral metagenomics analysis of stool specimens from children with unresolved gastroenteritis in Qatar. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 105:105367. [PMID: 36115643 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is associated with significant global morbidity and mortality, especially among children under five years of age. Viruses are well established as etiologic agents of gastroenteritis since they are the most common pathogens that contribute to the disease burden in developing countries. Despite the advances in molecular diagnosis, a substantial proportion of AGE etiology remain unresolved. We implemented a viral metagenomics pipeline to determine the potential viral etiology associated with AGE among children under the age of five years in Qatar with undiagnosed etiology. Following enriching for the viral genome, ∼1.3 billion sequences were generated from 89 stool specimens using the Illumina HiSeq platform, of which 7% were mapped to viral genomes. Human viruses were detected in 34 specimens (38.2%); 14 were adenovirus, nine coxsackievirus A16, five rotavirus (G9P[8] and G4P[8]), four norovirus (GII), one influenza A virus (H3), and one respiratory syncytial virus A (RSVA). In conclusion, the viral metagenomics approach is useful for determining AGE's etiology when routine molecular diagnostic assays fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghina Hijazi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Fatima Dakroub
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Pierre Khoueiry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Pillar Genomics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdullah El-Kurdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Pillar Genomics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amani Ezzeddine
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Habib Alkalamouni
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | | | - Asmaa A Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Shilu Mathew
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Hassan Zaraket
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
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Xie Y, Hu Q, Jiang W, Ji W, Chen S, Jin Y, Duan G. Laboratory Indicators for Identifying Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1829. [PMID: 36366337 PMCID: PMC9694715 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to study laboratory indicators for the identification of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) severity. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science for literature that was published before May 2022. The main results are presented as forest plots. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias were also performed. RESULTS Our study indicated that white blood cells (WBC) (95%CI: 0.205-0.778), blood glucose (95%CI: 0.505-0.778), lymphocytes (95%CI: 0.072-0.239), creatinine (95%CI: 0.024-0.228), interleukin (IL)-2 (95%CI: 0.192-1.642), IL-6 (95%CI: 0.289-0.776), IL-8 (95%CI: 0.499-0.867), IL-10 (95%CI: 0.226-0.930), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (95%CI: 0.193-2.584), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (95%CI: 1.078-2.715), and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) (95%CI: 0.571-1.459) were associated with an increased risk of HFMD severity, and the results of the sensitivity analysis of these indicators were stable and free of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that various deleterious immune and metabolic changes can increase the risk of HFMD severity, which can provide a basis for predicting the prognosis and useful evidence for clinicians to manage patients efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Quanman Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wangquan Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Cui G, Wang H, Yang C, Zhou X, Wang J, Wang T, Ma T. Berberine prevents lethal EV71 neurological infection in newborn mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1027566. [PMID: 36386168 PMCID: PMC9640474 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1027566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the major pathogen causing fatal neurological complications of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in young children. Currently no effective antiviral therapy is available. In the present study, we found that natural compound Berberine (BBR) displayed potent inhibitory effects on EV71 replication in various neural cells (IC50 of 2.79–4.03 μM). In a newborn mouse model of lethal EV71 infection, Berberine at 2–5 mg/kg markedly reduced mortality and clinical scores. Consistently, the replication of EV71 and pathological changes were attenuated in various infected organs including brain and lung with BBR treatment. Interestingly, EV71 infection in the brain mainly localized in the peripheral zone of brainstem and largely in astrocytes. Primary culture of astrocytes from newborn mouse brain confirmed the efficient EV71 replication that was mostly inhibited by BBR treatment at 5 μM. Further investigations revealed remarkably elevated cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels that coincided with EV71 replication in primary cultured astrocytes and various cell lines. BBR largely abolished the virus-elevated ROS production and greatly diminished EV71 replication by up-regulating NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 (Nrf2) via the kelch like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap)-Nrf2 axis. The nuclear localization of Nrf2 and expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) were increased significantly by BBR treatment. Collectively, our findings revealed that BBR prevents lethal EV71 neurological infection via inhibiting virus replication through regulating Keap-Nrf2 axis and ROS generation in astrocytes of brainstem, thus providing a potential antiviral treatment for severe EV71 infection associated with neurological complications.
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Wang J, Ding S, Xie W, Wang T, Qin Y, Zheng J, Yang X, Zhao H, Peng Z, Ma T. Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of mild hand, foot and mouth disease in children under 7 years old, Nanjing, China, 2010-2019. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:220. [PMID: 36209145 PMCID: PMC9548167 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mild hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases make up a relatively high proportion of HFMD while have often been overlooked. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of mild HFMD in Nanjing. Methods Data on mild HFMD cases, during 2010–2019 in Nanjing, were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. This study mainly focused on mild cases aged < 7 years. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize epidemiological and etiological characteristics of mild cases. Flexible spatial scan statistic was used to detect spatial clusters of mild cases. Results A total of 175,339 mild cases aged < 7 years were reported, accounting for 94.4% of all mild cases. There was a higher average annual incidence of mild HFMD in children aged < 7 years (4,428 cases/100,000) compared with children aged ≥ 7 years (14 cases/100,000, P < 0.001), and especially children aged 1-year-old (7,908 cases/100,000). Mild cases showed semi-annual peaks of activity, including a major peak (April to July) and a minor peak (September to November). The average annual incidence was higher in males (5,040 cases/100,000) than females (3,755 cases/100,000). Based on the cumulative reported cases, the most likely cluster was detected, including Yuhuatai District, Jiangning District, Jiangbei new Area, and Pukou District. The annual distribution of enterovirus serotypes showed a significant difference. During 2010–2016, Enterovirus 71 (EV71), Coxsackievirus A16 (Cox A16), and other non-EV71/Cox A16 EVs, accounted for 29.1%, 34.6%, 36.3% of all the enterovirus test positive cases, respectively. Moreover, during 2017–2019, Cox A6, Cox A16, EV71, and other non-EV71/Cox A16/Cox A6 EVs, accounted for 47.3%, 32.5%, 10.7%, 9.5%, respectively. Conclusions Children under 7 years old are at higher risk of mild HFMD. Regions with high risk are mainly concentrated in the areas surrounding central urban areas. Cox A16 and Cox A6 became the dominant serotypes and they alternated or were co-epidemic. Our findings could provide valuable information for improving the regional surveillance, prevention and control strategies of HFMD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-022-00974-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Wang
- grid.508377.eNanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2 Zizhulin, Nanjing, 210003 Jiangsu China ,grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning On Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206 China ,grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Songning Ding
- grid.508377.eDepartment of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2 Zizhulin, Nanjing, 210003 Jiangsu China
| | - Weijia Xie
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Taiwu Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Eastern Theatre Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Ying Qin
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning On Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Jiandong Zheng
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning On Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Xiaokun Yang
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning On Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Hongting Zhao
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning On Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Zhibin Peng
- grid.198530.60000 0000 8803 2373Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning On Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Tao Ma
- grid.508377.eDepartment of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2 Zizhulin, Nanjing, 210003 Jiangsu China
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Zhong M, Wang H, Yan H, Wu S, Wang K, Yang L, Cui B, Wu M, Li Y. Effects and mechanism of Aβ 1-42 on EV-A71 replication. Virol J 2022; 19:151. [PMID: 36127711 PMCID: PMC9485788 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background β-Amyloid (Aβ) protein is a pivotal pathogenetic factor in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, increasing evidence suggests that the brain has to continuously produce excessive Aβ to efficaciously prevent pathogenic micro-organism infections, which induces and accelerates the disease process of AD. Meanwhile, Aβ exhibits activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and influenza A virus (IAV) replication, but not against other neurotropic viruses. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is the most important neurotropic enterovirus in the post-polio era. Given the limitation of existing research on the relationship between Aβ and other virus infections, this study aimed to investigate the potent activity of Aβ on EV-A71 infection and extended the potential function of Aβ in other unenveloped viruses may be linked to Alzheimer's disease or infectious neurological diseases. Methods Aβ peptides 1–42 are a major pathological factor of senile plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Thus, we utilized Aβ1–42 as a test subject to perform our study. The production of monomer Aβ1–42 and their high-molecular oligomer accumulations in neural cells were detected by immunofluorescence assay, ELISA, or Western blot assay. The inhibitory activity of Aβ1–42 peptides against EV-A71 in vitro was detected by Western blot analysis or qRT-PCR. The mechanism of Aβ1–42 against EV-A71 replication was analyzed by time-of-addition assay, attachment inhibition assay, pre-attachment inhibition analysis, viral-penetration inhibition assay, TEM analysis of virus agglutination, and pull-down assay. Results We found that EV-A71 infection induced Aβ production and accumulation in SH-SY5Y cells. We also revealed for the first time that Aβ1–42 efficiently inhibited the RNA level of EV-A71 VP1, and the protein levels of VP1, VP2, and nonstructural protein 3AB in SH-SY5Y, Vero, and human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Aβ1–42 primarily targeted the early stage of EV-A71 entry to inhibit virus replication by binding virus capsid protein VP1 or scavenger receptor class B member 2. Moreover, Aβ1–42 formed non-enveloped EV-A71 particle aggregates within a certain period and bound to the capsid protein VP1, which partially caused Aβ1–42 to prevent viruses from infecting cells. Conclusions Our findings unveiled that Aβ1–42 effectively inhibited nonenveloped EV-A71 by targeting the early phase of an EV-A71 life cycle, thereby extending the potential function of Aβ in other non-envelope viruses linked to infectious neurological diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01882-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhong
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantan xili, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huiqiang Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantan xili, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Haiyan Yan
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantan xili, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantan xili, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kun Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantan xili, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lu Yang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantan xili, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Boming Cui
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantan xili, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mengyuan Wu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantan xili, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Tiantan xili, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Leung AKC, Lam JM, Barankin B, Leong KF, Hon KL. Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Narrative Review. RECENT ADVANCES IN INFLAMMATION & ALLERGY DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 16:77-95. [PMID: 36284392 DOI: 10.2174/1570180820666221024095837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common viral disease in childhood. Because the disease has the potential to reach epidemic levels and mortality is high in some countries, early recognition of this disease is of paramount importance. OBJECTIVE This purpose of this article is to familiarize pediatricians with the clinical manifestations and management of hand, foot, and mouth disease. METHODS A search was conducted in February 2022 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key term "hand, foot, and mouth disease". The search strategy included all clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews published within the past 10 years. Only papers published in English were included in this review. RESULTS Hand, foot, and mouth disease is characterized by a painful oral enanthem and asymptomatic exanthem on the palms and soles. Children younger than 5 years are most commonly affected. Hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enterovirus A71 is more severe and has a higher rate of complications than that attributed to other viruses such as coxsackievirus A16. Circulatory failure secondary to myocardial impairment and neurogenic pulmonary edema secondary to brainstem damage are the main causes of death. Fortunately, the disease is usually benign and resolves in 7 to10 days without sequelae. Given the self-limited nature of most cases, treatment is mainly symptomatic and supportive. Intravenous immunoglobulin should be considered for the treatment of severe/complicated hand, foot, and mouth disease and has been recommended by several national and international guideline committees. Currently, there are no specific antiviral agents approved for the treatment of the disease. Drugs such as ribavirin, suramin, mulberroside C, aminothiazole analogs, and sertraline have emerged as potential candidates for the treatment of hand, foot, and mouth disease. Vaccination of susceptible individuals in high-risk areas and good personal hygiene are important preventative measures to combat the disease. CONCLUSION Familiarity of the disease including its atypical manifestations is crucial so that a correct diagnosis can be made, and appropriate treatment initiated. A timely diagnosis can help avoid contact with the affected individual and decrease the risk of an outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K C Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph M Lam
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Dermatology and Skin Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Kin Fon Leong
- Pediatric Institute, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, and the Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Li D, Sun T, Tao L, Ji W, Zhu P, Liang R, Zhang Y, Chen S, Yang H, Jin Y, Duan G. A Mouse-adapted CVA6 Strain Exhibits Neurotropism and Triggers Systemic Manifestations in a Novel Murine Model. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2248-2263. [PMID: 36036059 PMCID: PMC9518251 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2119166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
CVA6 is one of Enteroviruses causing worldwide epidemics of HFMD with neurological and systemic complications. A suitable animal model is necessary for studying the pathogenesis of CVA6 and evaluating antiviral and vaccine efficacy. In this study, we generated a mouse-adapted CVA6 strain that successfully infected 10-day-old ICR mice via oral route. All infected mice were paralyzed and died within 11 dpi. Analysis of pathological changes and virus loads in fourteen tissues showed that CVA6 triggered systematic damage similar to i.p. inoculation route. Unlike i.p. route, we detected oral and gastrointestinal lesions with the presence of viral antigens. Both specific anti-CVA6 serum and inactivated vaccines successfully generated immune protection in mice. Meanwhile, we also established a successful infection of CVA6 via i.p. and i.m. route in 10-day-old mice. After infection, mice developed remarkably neurological signs and systemic manifestations such as emaciation, polypnea, quadriplegia, depilation and even death. Through i.p. inoculation, pathological examination showed brain and spinal cord damage caused by the virus infection with neuronal reduction, apoptosis, astrocyte activation, and recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes. Following neurological manifestation, the CVA6 infection became systemic, and high viral loads were detected in multiple organs along with morphological changes and inflammation. Moreover, analysis of spleen cells by FACS indicated that CVA6 led to immune system activation, which further contributed to systemic inflammation. Taken together, our novel murine model of CVA6 provides a useful tool for studying the pathogenesis and evaluating antiviral and vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ling Tao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Wangquan Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peiyu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ruonan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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An Outbreak of Coxsackievirus A6 Infection in Adults of a Collective Unit, China, 2019. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:6607294. [PMID: 36065442 PMCID: PMC9440842 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6607294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks/epidemics caused by coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) have been reported continuously since 2008. However, outbreaks of ocular conjunctival hemorrhage caused by CVA6 in adults in a collective unit have not been reported. Methods. The epidemiological investigations were carried out according to the monitoring program, and the clinical data were collected from the treated hospitals. The nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected to extract the total nucleic acid (DNA/RNA). The pathogen was determined using nucleic acid detection kits for 22 respiratory pathogens. The VP1 gene of this pathogen was amplified and sequenced. Sequence alignment and analysis were performed using BioEdit 7.0. The gene phylogenetic tree was constructed with MEGA4.0. Results. The factory emerged patients in succession from February 14 and reached the peak on the 18th. A total of 19 workers had symptoms in this factory up to March 31, 2019, giving an attack rate of 8.26%. The main symptoms were rash, ocular conjunctival hemorrhage, fever, and sore throat. The laboratory results showed that coxsackievirus A6 was the main pathogen causing this outbreak. The risk of taking a bath in the bathroom was 7.37 times higher than that of not taking a bath (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.67–32.79). Conclusion. This manuscript further enriched the infection-related information of CVA6, which was helpful to better identify and deal with the epidemic in the future.
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Alam MR, Rokaya N, Mahat S, Upadhyaya A, Rokaya P. A Rare Presentation of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease During Pregnancy. Cureus 2022; 14:e28401. [PMID: 36043199 PMCID: PMC9411823 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report is about an 18-year-old primigravida diagnosed with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) at 34 weeks of gestation. She had classic rashes on her hands and mouth but was otherwise healthy. The baby was delivered at 39 weeks via spontaneous normal vaginal delivery and was well after delivery. We provide a brief literature review on HFMD in pregnancy and a brief discussion on complications caused by the causative organisms.
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Spatiotemporal cluster patterns of hand, foot, and mouth disease at the province level in mainland China, 2011–2018. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270061. [PMID: 35994464 PMCID: PMC9394824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although three monovalent EV-A71 vaccines have been launched in mainland China since 2016, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) still causes a considerable disease burden in China. Vaccines’ use may change the epidemiological characters of HFMD. Spatial autocorrelation analysis and space-time scan statistics analysis were used to explore the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of this disease at the provincial level in mainland China. The effects of meteorological factors, socio-economic factors, and health resources on HFMD incidence were analyzed using Geodetector. Interrupted time series (ITS) was used to analyze the impact of the EV-A71 vaccine on the incidence of HFMD. This study found that the median annual incidence of HFMD was 153.78 per 100,000 (ranging from 120.79 to 205.06) in mainland China from 2011 to 2018. Two peaks of infections were observed per year. Children 5 years and under were the main morbid population. The spatial distribution of HFMD was presented a significant clustering pattern in each year (P<0.001). The distribution of HFMD cases was clustered in time and space. The range of cluster time was between April and October. The most likely cluster appeared in the southern coastal provinces (Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan) from 2011 to 2017 and in the eastern coastal provinces (Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang) in 2018. The spatial heterogeneity of HFMD incidence could be attributed to meteorological factors, socioeconomic factors, and health resource. After introducing the EV-A71 vaccine, the instantaneous level of HFMD incidence decreased at the national level, and HFMD incidence trended downward in the southern coastal provinces and increased in the eastern coastal provinces. The prevention and control policies of HFMD should be adapted to local conditions in different provinces. It is necessary to advance the EV-A71 vaccination plan, expand the vaccine coverage and develop multivalent HFMD vaccines as soon as possible.
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Liu JJ, Teng LP, Hua CZ, Xie YP, Pan YX, Hu BF, Hu WL, Wang WJ. Etiological Analysis of Viral Encephalitis in Children in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2019. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081964. [PMID: 36010314 PMCID: PMC9407060 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the common pathogens of viral encephalitis (VE) in children, and to provide guidance for the empirical diagnosis and treatment of patients with VE. Methods: A total of 227 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from pediatric patients with VE in Zhejiang province from January 2018 to December 2019. The samples were tested using multiplex and singleplex Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) with primers specific to enterovirus (EV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), mumps virus (MuV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)/type 2 (HSV-2), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). The data of the two analyses were compared and then verified using Sanger sequencing. Results: Of the 227 CSF samples, 90 were shown to be positive for multiplex RT-PCR with a positivity rate of 39.65% and a 95% confidence interval (33.2%, 46.1%). EV was the most common cause of VE, followed by EBV, HHV-6, MuV, CMV, VZV, and HSV-1. Most included cases occurred in summer, accounting for 49.78% of all cases. For EV, EBV, and HSV-2, multiplex RT-PCR showed a positivity rate of 34.36%, which was not statistically different from that of 30.4% shown by singleplex RT-PCR. The sequences of EV, EBV, VZV, MuV, CMV, HSV-1, HHV-6, and HSV-2 were confirmed by sequencing the PCR products obtained from multiplex and singleplex PCR. Conclusions: In children, VE is more prevalent in the summer than in other seasons in Zhejiang province, and EV may be the most common causative pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Li-Ping Teng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology and Allergy, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Chun-Zhen Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yong-Ping Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yan-Xiang Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Bo-Fei Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Wei-Lin Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei-Jian Wang
- Department of Research and Development, Health Gene Technologies Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315000, China
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Yoshida K, Fujimoto T, Muramatsu M, Shimizu H. Prediction of hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemics in Japan using a long short-term memory approach. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271820. [PMID: 35900968 PMCID: PMC9333334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common febrile illness caused by enteroviruses in the Picornaviridae family. The major symptoms of HFMD are fever and a vesicular rash on the hand, foot, or oral mucosa. Acute meningitis and encephalitis are observed in rare cases. HFMD epidemics occur annually in Japan, usually in the summer season. Relatively large-scale outbreaks have occurred every two years since 2011. In this study, the epidemic patterns of HFMD in Japan are predicted four weeks in advance using a deep learning method. The time-series data were analyzed by a long short-term memory (LSTM) approach called a Recurrent Neural Network. The LSTM model was trained on the numbers of weekly HFMD cases in each prefecture. These data are reported in the Infectious Diseases Weekly Report, which compiles the national surveillance data from web sites at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan, under the Infectious Diseases Control Law. Consequently, our trained LSTM model distinguishes between relatively large-scale and small-scale epidemics. The trained model predicted the HFMD epidemics in 2018 and 2019, indicating that the LSTM approach can estimate the future epidemic patterns of HFMD in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tsuguto Fujimoto
- Department of Fungal Infection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Chen W, Li J, Li J, Zhang J, Zhang J. Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Virus-Host Interaction About Pathogenesis of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:247. [PMID: 35834056 PMCID: PMC9281230 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent the largest and main transcriptome products and play various roles in the biological activity of cells and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence shows that microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) are important ncRNAs that play vital regulatory roles during viral infection. Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) virus causes hand-foot-mouth disease, and is also associated with various serious complications and high mortality. However, there is currently no effective treatment. In this review, we focus on advances in the understanding of the modulatory role of ncRNAs during HFMD virus infection. Specifically, we discuss the generation, classification, and regulatory mechanisms of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in the interaction between virus and host, with a particular focus on their influence with viral replication and infection. Analysis of these underlying mechanisms can help provide a foundation for the development of ncRNA-based antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong District, No. 727, Southern Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinwei Li
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong District, No. 727, Southern Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong District, No. 727, Southern Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong District, No. 727, Southern Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong District, No. 727, Southern Jingming Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, People's Republic of China.
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Duan S, Yang F, Li Y, Zhao Y, Shi L, Qin M, Liu Q, Jin W, Wang J, Chen L, Zhang W, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Ma S, He Z, Li Q. Pathogenic analysis of coxsackievirus A10 in rhesus macaques. Virol Sin 2022; 37:610-618. [PMID: 35777657 PMCID: PMC9437613 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) is one of the etiological agents associated with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and also causes a variety of illnesses in humans, including pneumonia, and myocarditis. Different people, particularly young children, may have different immunological responses to infection. Current CV-A10 infection animal models provide only a rudimentary understanding of the pathogenesis and effects of this virus. The characteristics of CV-A10 infection, replication, and shedding in humans remain unknown. In this study, rhesus macaques were infected by CV-A10 via respiratory or digestive route to mimic the HFMD in humans. The clinical symptoms, viral shedding, inflammatory response and pathologic changes were investigated in acute infection (1–11 day post infection) and recovery period (12–180 day post infection). All infected rhesus macaques during acute infection showed obvious viremia and clinical symptoms which were comparable to those observed in humans. Substantial inflammatory pathological damages were observed in multi-organs, including the lung, heart, liver, and kidney. During the acute period, all rhesus macaques displayed clinical signs, viral shedding, normalization of serum cytokines, and increased serum neutralizing antibodies, whereas inflammatory factors caused some animals to develop severe hyperglycemia during the recovery period. In addition, there were no significant differences between respiratory and digestive tract infected animals. Overall, all data presented suggest that the rhesus macaques provide the first non-human primate animal model for investigating CV-A10 pathophysiology and assessing the development of potential human therapies. Rhesus macaque as the first non-human primate model in CV-A10 infection was investigated. The clinical manifestations of CV-A10-infected macaques were as similar as the patients. CV-A10-infected macaques have typical viremia and viral excretion. Pathological damage and hyperglycemia were caused by abnormal inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Duan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Fengmei Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Li Shi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Weihua Jin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Junbin Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Lixiong Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Shaohui Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Zhanlong He
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, China.
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Li C, Zhu Y, She K, Jia Y, Liu T, Han C, Fang Q, Cheng C, Han L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li X. Modified effects of air pollutants on the relationship between temperature variability and hand, foot, and mouth disease in Zibo City, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:44573-44581. [PMID: 35133585 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) poses a great disease burden in China. However, there are few studies on the relationship between temperature variability (TV) and HFMD. Moreover, whether air pollutions have modified effects on this relationship is still unknown. Therefore, this study aims to explore the modified effects of air pollutants on TV-HFMD association in Zibo City, China. Daily data of HFMD cases, meteorological factors, and air pollutants from 2015 to 2019 were collected for Zibo City. TV was estimated by calculating standard deviation of minimum and maximum temperatures over the exposure days. We used generalized additive model to estimate the association between TV and HFMD. The modified effects of air pollutants were assessed by comparing the estimated TV-HFMD associations between different air stratums. We found that TV increased the risk of HFMD. The effect was strongest at TV03 (4 days of exposure), when the incidence of HFMD increased by 3.6% [95% CI: 1.3-5.9%] for every 1℃ increases in TV. Males, children aged 0-4 years, were more sensitive to TV. We found that sulfur dioxide (SO2) enhanced TV's effects on all considered exposure days, while ozone (O3) reduced TV's effects on some exposure days in whole concerned population. However, we did not detect significant effect modification by particulate matter less than 10 microns in aerodynamic diameter (PM10). These findings are of significance in developing policies and public health practices to reduce the risks of HFMD by integrating changes in temperatures and air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Kaili She
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Tingxuan Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chuang Han
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qidi Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanlong Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Luyi Han
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Xiujun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44# Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Zhao H, Yang T, Yue L, Li H, Xie T, Xiang H, Wang J, Wei X, Zhang Y, Xie Z. Comparative analysis of the biological characteristics of three CV-A10 clones adaptively cultured on Vero cells. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3820-3828. [PMID: 35437759 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) is a major pathogen that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease. There are no effective therapeutic drugs for CV-A10 infection; therefore, CV-A10 vaccines should be developed. Previously, we isolated a CV-A10 strain (N25) that can be cultured on Vero cells. In this study, the N25 strain was plaque-purified thrice from Vero cells, and three clones were selected for adaptive culture. The three clones of the 5th , 12th , and 19th generations were compared and analyzed in terms of viral titers, plaque morphology, pathogenicity in suckling mice, and nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the complete genome. The infectivity titers of the three clones (P2-P22) were maintained at 6.5-7.0 lgCCID50 /ml. The three clones began to proliferate at 6 h and peaked at 36 h; the corresponding CCID50 was in the range of 106.5 -106.875 /ml, which gradually decreased. The suckling mice in the challenged group exhibited clinical symptoms such as paralysis of the limbs, which gradually worsened until death. The inactivated vaccines prepared using the three clones efficiently induced antigen-specific serum antibodies in mice. There were eight nucleotide mutations in the three clones, which resulted in two and four amino acid substitutions in the VP3 and VP1 coding regions, respectively. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology between the three clones and N25 were 99.92%-100% and 99.78%-100%, respectively, indicating high genetic stability. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for screening CV-A10 vaccine candidate clones. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Lei Yue
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Tianhong Xie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Xingchen Wei
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
| | - Zhongping Xie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, China
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Yi L, Zhang L, Feng L, Luan X, Zhao Q, Xu P, Wang Y, Tao L, Wu W. Genomic analysis of a recombinant coxsackievirus A19 identified in Xinxiang, China, in 2019. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1405-1420. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Madeddu S, Ibba R, Sanna G, Piras S, Riu F, Marongiu A, Ambrosino A, Caria P, Onnis V, Franci G, Manzin A, Carta A. Human Enterovirus B: Selective Inhibition by Quinoxaline Derivatives and Bioinformatic RNA-Motif Identification as New Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020181. [PMID: 35215294 PMCID: PMC8878107 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Enterovirus genus includes many viruses that are pathogenic in humans, including Coxsackie viruses and rhinoviruses, as well as the emerging enteroviruses D68 and A71. Currently, effective antiviral agents are not available for the treatment or prevention of enterovirus infections, which remain an important threat to public health. We recently identified a series of quinoxaline derivatives that were provento be potent inhibitors of coxsackievirus B5, the most common and a very important human pathogen belonging to the enterovirus genus. We have shown how most active derivatives interfere with the earliest stages of viral replication, blocking infection. Considering the broad antiviral spectrum, a very attractive property for an antiviral drug, we aimed to investigate the antiviral activity of the most promising compounds against other Enterovirus species. Here, we investigated the susceptibility of a panel of representatives of Enterovirus genus (enterovirus A71, belonging to A species; coxsackieviruses B4 and B3; echovirus 9, belonging to B species; and enterovirus D68, belonging to D species) to quinoxaline inhibitors. We also tested cytotoxicity and selectivity indices of the selected compounds, as well as their effects on virus yield. We also investigated their potential mechanism of action by a time course assay. In addition, a bioinformatic analysis was carried out to discover potential new conserved motifs in CVB3 and CVB4 compared to the other enterovirus species that can be used as new targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato (Cagliari), 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.M.); (A.M.); (P.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Roberta Ibba
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Muroni, 23A, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.I.); (S.P.); (F.R.); (A.C.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018–2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato (Cagliari), 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.M.); (A.M.); (P.C.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (V.O.)
| | - Sandra Piras
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Muroni, 23A, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.I.); (S.P.); (F.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Federico Riu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Muroni, 23A, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.I.); (S.P.); (F.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandra Marongiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato (Cagliari), 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.M.); (A.M.); (P.C.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro, 43C, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ambrosino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paola Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato (Cagliari), 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.M.); (A.M.); (P.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Valentina Onnis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato (Cagliari), 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (V.O.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona University Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato (Cagliari), 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (S.M.); (A.M.); (P.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonio Carta
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Muroni, 23A, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (R.I.); (S.P.); (F.R.); (A.C.)
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Lu Y, Long M, Gao Z, Liu C, Dong K, Zhang H. Long non-coding RNA ENST00000469812 promotes Enterovirus type 71 replication via targeting the miR-4443/NUPR1 axis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2601-2611. [PMID: 36269411 PMCID: PMC9589540 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Enterovirus type 71 (EV71) is a serious threat to children's health. However, the pathogenic mechanism of EV71 is still unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), some of which bind to miRNA as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) and weaken the silencing effect on the mRNA of downstream target genes, play a key role in regulating the viral infection process. In this study, through experimental verification, we found miR-4443 to be downregulated in cells infected with EV71. Next, by predicting lncRNAs that potentially regulate miR-4443, we found that EV71 infection induced upregulation of lncRNA ENST00000469812 and then further downregulated miR-4443 expression by direct interaction. We also demonstrated that nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) is one of the target genes of miR-4443 and is involved in the ENST00000469812/miR-4443/NUPR1 regulatory axis. Finally, the ENST00000469812/miR-4443/NUPR1 regulatory axis exhibited a positive effect on EV71 replication. Here, we lay a foundation for exploring the pathogenic mechanism of EV71 and identify potential targets for HFMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Lu
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China ,Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Min Long
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhaowei Gao
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huizhong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Zhu D, Song Y, Hu D, Li S, Liu G, Li P, Yang S. Characterization of Enterovirus Associated m6A RNA Methylation in Children With Neurological Symptoms: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:791544. [PMID: 34949987 PMCID: PMC8689127 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.791544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the particular changes of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation in enterovirus (EV) infection among children with neurologic symptoms. Here, we determined the characterization of EV associated m6A RNA methylation in this population. A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2018/2 to 2019/12 at the Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center. We included EV infected children with and without neurological symptoms. High-throughput m(6)A-RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RNA-seq analysis were used to evaluate the m6A RNA methylation and transcript expression of cerebrospinal fluid samples. The functional annotation and pathways of differentially methylated m6A genes with synchronously differential expression were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Seven patients were enrolled in the control group, and 13 cases were in the neurological symptoms (NS) group. A total of 3472 differentially expressed genes and 957 m6A modified genes were identified. A conjoint analysis of MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq data found 1064 genes with significant changes in both the m6A modifications and mRNA levels. The different m6A RNA methylation was increased in the transcriptome’s CDS regions but decreased in both the 3′UTRs and stop codon among the NS group. Functional annotation like the “oxidative phosphorylation” gene pathway, “Parkinson’s disease” and GO terms like “respiratory electron transport chain,” “cellular metabolic process,” and “oxidation-reduction process” was enriched in symptomatic patients. Our study elucidated the changes of RNA m6A methylation patterns and related cellular functions and signaling pathways in EV patients with neurologic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongling Song
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suyun Li
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Li
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sida Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Nagai T, Hanaoka N, Katano H, Konagaya M, Tanaka-Taya K, Shimizu H, Mukai T, Fujimoto T. A fatal case of acute encephalopathy in a child due to coxsackievirus A2 infection: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1167. [PMID: 34794380 PMCID: PMC8600809 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Certain types of enteroviruses, including coxsackieviruses, cause encephalitis, and other neurological complications. However, these pathogens rarely cause fatal infections, especially in immunocompetent infants. In this study, we present a rare case of acute encephalopathy caused by coxsackievirus A2 (CV-A2), which progressed rapidly in a previously healthy female child. Case presentation In June 2013, a 26-month-old female child from Kanagawa, Japan, was found unresponsive during sleep. She was healthy until that morning. Her temperature was 37 °C at 08:00. She was feeling fine and went to the nursery that same morning. However, her condition worsened around noon. Therefore, she went home and slept at around 13:00. Surprisingly, after 2 h, her parents checked on her and found that she was lying on her back and was not breathing. Hence, she was immediately taken to a hospital by ambulance, but she was declared dead on arrival at the hospital. Subsequently, pathological autopsy and pathogenetic analysis, including multiple pathogen detection real-time PCR, were conducted to investigate the cause of death. The examination results revealed that she had an infectious respiratory disease and acute encephalopathy due to a CV-A2 infection. Conclusions Based on our findings, we concluded that a previously healthy girl who had no immediate history of underlying medical condition were susceptible to death by acute encephalopathy due to CV-A2 infections. We proposed this conclusion because the patient’s condition progressed rapidly in less than 2 h and eventually led to her death. This is the first report on an acute encephalitis-dependent death in a child due to CV-A2 infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06858-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Nagai
- Department of Legal Medicine, ST. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Nozomu Hanaoka
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masami Konagaya
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka-Taya
- Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiji Mukai
- Department of Legal Medicine, ST. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Tsuguto Fujimoto
- Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
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Gao W, Yue L, Yang T, Shen D, Li H, Song X, Xie T, He X, Xie Z. Proliferation characteristics of coxsackievirus A10 in mice and immune protection ability of experimental inactivated vaccine. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112212. [PMID: 34649345 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) is the main pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease in China. However, there are no CVA10-specific drugs and vaccines, and the pathogenesis and effects of this virus in the body are unknown. We investigated the effect of a clinically isolated CVA10 virus strain (CVA10-25) to investigate its effect in suckling mice through different infection routes. We observed the dynamic distribution and proliferation of the virus in mouse tissues by infecting suckling mice with different doses of the virus and mice of different ages with the same dose of the virus. We also analysed the pathological characteristics after infection. A formaldehyde-inactivated experimental vaccine was prepared to immunise 5-week-old BALB/c female mice three times, and newborn suckling mice were tested for the presence of maternally transmitted antibodies. The viral load in each organ after intracerebral administration was higher than that after intraperitoneal administration; the peroral administration route did not cause disease in mice. Mouse paralysis and death after infection were related to age. The skeletal muscles, heart, and lung showed histopathological changes after infection. We established a 2-day-old BALB/c suckling mouse model that could be infected intracranially to study the pathogenesis and pathology of CVA10. Maternally transmitted antibodies protected the mice against the virus. This study provides a reference for CVA10-related pathogenesis and vaccine research.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Suckling
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterovirus/growth & development
- Enterovirus/immunology
- Female
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/immunology
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/prevention & control
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Vaccination
- Vaccine Efficacy
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vero Cells
- Viral Load
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Gao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Lei Yue
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Dong Shen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Xia Song
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Tianhong Xie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Xin He
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Zhongping Xie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China; Key Laboratory for Vaccine Research and Development of Major Infectious Diseases in Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China.
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48
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Yang T, Xie T, Li H, Song X, Yue L, Wang X, Shen D, Ma K, Jiang Q, Long R, Yang R, He X, Zhang Y, Xie Z, Li Q. Immune responses of a CV-A16 live attenuated candidate strain and its protective effects in rhesus monkeys. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:2136-2146. [PMID: 32930072 PMCID: PMC7580583 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1823889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) is a major causative pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth diseases (HFMDs). The licensed HFMD vaccine targets EV-A71 without cross-protection against CV-A16. Thus, a CV-A16 vaccine is needed. In this study, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a live attenuated CV-A16 candidate, K168-8Ac, were evaluated in a rhesus monkey model. Four passages of this strain (P35, P50, P60, and P70) were administered to monkeys, and its protective effect was identified. The immunized monkeys were clinically asymptomatic, except for slight fever. Weak viraemia was observed, and two doses of vaccination were found to significantly reduce virus shedding. High levels of antibody responses were observed (1:1024–1:2048), along with a significant increase in plasma IL-8. The I.M. group showed a much stronger humoural immunity. Pathological damage was detected mainly in lung tissues, although thalamus, spinal cord, lymph nodes, and livers were involved. After the viral challenge, it was found that two doses of vaccine reduced virus shedding, and the degree of lung damage and the number of organs involved decreased as the passage number increased. Overall, a robust immune response and partial protection against CV-A16, triggered by the K168-8Ac strain, were demonstrated. This study provides valuable data for CV-A16 vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Xie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Song
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yue
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Shen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaili Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinfang Jiang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Runxiang Long
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin He
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongping Xie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academic Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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Xiao J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Sun D, Lu H, Han Z, Song Y, Yan D, Zhu S, Pei Y, Xu W, Wang X. Coxsackievirus B4: an underestimated pathogen associated with a hand, foot, and mouth disease outbreak. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2225-2234. [PMID: 34091782 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to discover the causes of a coxsackievirus B4 (CV-B4)-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreak and to study the evolutionary characteristics of the virus, we sequenced isolates obtained during an outbreak for comparative analysis with previously sequenced strains. Phylogenetic and evolutionary dynamics analysis was performed to examine the genetic characteristics of CV-B4 in China and worldwide. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CV-B4 originated from a common ancestor in Shandong. CV-B4 strains isolated worldwide could be classified into genotypes A-E based on the sequence of the VP1 region. All CV-B4 strains in China belonged to genotype E. The global population diversity of CV-B4 fluctuated substantially over time, and CV-B4 isolated in China accounted for a significant increase in the diversity of CV-B4. The average nucleotide substitution rate in VP1 of Chinese CV-B4 (5.20 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year) was slightly higher than that of global CV-B4 (4.82 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year). This study is the first to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of CV-B4 and its association with an HFMD outbreak. These findings explain both the 2011 outbreak and the global increase in CV-B4 diversity. In addition to improving our understanding of a major outbreak, these findings provide a basis for the development of surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Xiao
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxing Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dapeng Sun
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Lu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhi Han
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaowen Pei
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjun Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Xu T, Li Y, Wu HL, Chen H, Wu H, Guo M, Zhao M, Wang C, Lin T, Lin Z, Chen D, Xiang W, Zhu B. The inhibition of enterovirus 71 induced apoptosis by Durvillaea antarctica through P53 and STAT1 signaling pathway. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3532-3538. [PMID: 33230830 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The infection of enterovirus 71 (EV71) resulted in hand, foot, and mouth disease and may lead to severe nervous system damage and even fatalities. There are no effective drugs to treat the EV71 virus and it is crucial to find novel drugs against it. Polysaccharide isolated from Durvillaea antarctica green algae has an antiviral effect. In this study, D. antarctica polysaccharide (DAPP) inhibited the infection of EV71 was demonstrated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and western blot. MTT assay showed that DAPP had no toxicity on Vero cells at the concentration 250 μg/ml. Furthermore, DAPP significantly reduced the RNA level of EV71 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, DAPP inhibited the Vero cells apoptosis induced by EV71 via the P53 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and mammalian target of rapamycin were increased and the proinflammatory cytokines were significantly inhibited by DAPP. Taken together, these results suggested that DAPP could be a potential pharmaceutical against the infection of EV71 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Xu
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Lian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Houbo Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Guo
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingqi Zhao
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changbing Wang
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengfang Lin
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhou Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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