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Liu S, Zhang B, Zhou J, Lv J, Zhang J, Li X, Yang W, Guo Y. Inhibition of differentiation of monocyte-derived macrophages toward an M2-Like phenotype May Be a neglected mechanism of β-AR receptor blocker therapy for atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1378787. [PMID: 38903990 PMCID: PMC11188457 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1378787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of adrenergic β-receptor (β-AR) blockers in significantly stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques has been extensively supported by evidence-based medical research; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Recent findings have highlighted the impact of lipid-induced aberrant polarization of macrophages during normal inflammatory-repair and regenerative processes on atherosclerosis formation and progression. In this review, we explore the relationship between macrophage polarization and atherosclerosis, as well as the influence of β-AR blockers on macrophage polarization. Based on the robust evidence supporting the use of β-AR blockers for treating atherosclerosis, we propose that their main mechanism involves inhibiting monocyte-derived macrophage differentiation towards an M2-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jingqun Zhou
- Affiliated Renhe Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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Wang Y, Anesi J, Maier MC, Myers MA, Oqueli E, Sobey CG, Drummond GR, Denton KM. Sympathetic Nervous System and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13132. [PMID: 37685939 PMCID: PMC10487841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the narrowing of the arterial lumen due to subendothelial lipid accumulation, with hypercholesterolemia being a major risk factor. Despite the recent advances in effective lipid-lowering therapies, atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of mortality globally, highlighting the need for additional therapeutic strategies. Accumulating evidence suggests that the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in atherosclerosis. In this article, we reviewed the sympathetic innervation in the vasculature, norepinephrine synthesis and metabolism, sympathetic activity measurement, and common signaling pathways of sympathetic activation. The focus of this paper was to review the effectiveness of pharmacological antagonists or agonists of adrenoceptors (α1, α2, β1, β2, and β3) and renal denervation on atherosclerosis. All five types of adrenoceptors are present in arterial blood vessels. α1 blockers inhibit atherosclerosis but increase the risk of heart failure while α2 agonism may protect against atherosclerosis and newer generations of β blockers and β3 agonists are promising therapies against atherosclerosis; however, new randomized controlled trials are warranted to investigate the effectiveness of these therapies in atherosclerosis inhibition and cardiovascular risk reduction in the future. The role of renal denervation in atherosclerosis inhibition in humans is yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutang Wang
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Jack Anesi
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Michelle C. Maier
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Mark A. Myers
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Ernesto Oqueli
- Cardiology Department, Grampians Health Ballarat, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine & Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Kate M. Denton
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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Liang W, Chen J, Zheng H, Lin A, Li J, Wu W, Jie Q. MiR-199a-5p-containing macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit SMARCA4 and alleviate atherosclerosis by reducing endothelial cell pyroptosis. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:591-605. [PMID: 35930100 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell disturbance underpins a role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Notably, accumulating studies indicate the substantial role of microRNAs (miRs) in atherosclerosis, and miR-199a-5p dysregulation has been associated with atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular disorders. However, the effect of miR-199a-5p on the phenotypes of endothelial cells and atherosclerosis remains largely unknown. METHODS ApoE-/- male mice were fed with high-fat diet for detection of inflammation and aorta plaque area. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were separated from THP-1-derived macrophage (THP-1-DM) that was treated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein, followed by co-culture with human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Ectopic expression and downregulation of miR-199a-5p were done in THP-1-DM-derived EVs to assess pyroptosis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of HAECs. Binding relationship between miR-199a-5p and SMARCA4 was evaluated by luciferase activity assay. RESULTS EVs derived from ox-LDL-induced THP-1-DM expedited inflammation and aorta plaque area in atherosclerotic mice. Besides, miR-199a-5p expression was reduced in EVs from ox-LDL-induced THP-1-DM, and miR-199a-5p inhibition facilitated HAEC pyroptosis and LDH activity. Moreover, miR-199a-5p targeted and restricted SMARCA4, and then SMARCA4 activated the NF-κB pathway by increasing PODXL expression in HAECs. CONCLUSION EV-packaged inhibited miR-199a-5p from macrophages expedites endothelial cell pyroptosis and further accelerates atherosclerosis through the SMARCA4/PODXL/NF-κB axis, providing promising targets and strategies for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Panyu District, Panyu Central Hospital, No. 8, Fuyu East Road, Qiaonan Street, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Panyu District, Panyu Central Hospital, No. 8, Fuyu East Road, Qiaonan Street, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Panyu District, Panyu Central Hospital, No. 8, Fuyu East Road, Qiaonan Street, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiwen Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Panyu District, Panyu Central Hospital, No. 8, Fuyu East Road, Qiaonan Street, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Panyu District, Panyu Central Hospital, No. 8, Fuyu East Road, Qiaonan Street, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, No. 106, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Jie
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Panyu District, Panyu Central Hospital, No. 8, Fuyu East Road, Qiaonan Street, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Platelet-Membrane-Encapsulated Carvedilol with Improved Targeting Ability for Relieving Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060605. [PMID: 35736311 PMCID: PMC9227294 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cell membrane drug delivery systems have received increasing attention. However, drug-loaded membrane delivery systems targeting therapy in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI) have been relatively rarely studied. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective effect of platelet-membrane-encapsulated Carvedilol on MIRI. We extracted platelets from the blood of adult SD rats and prepared platelet membrane vesicles (PMVs). Carvedilol, a nonselective β-blocker, was encapsulated into the PMVs. In order to determine the best encapsulation rate and drug-loading rate, three different concentrations of Carvedilol in low, medium, and high amounts were fused to the PMVs in different volume ratios (drugs/PMVs at 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 4:1) for determining the optimum concentration and volume ratio. By comparing other delivery methods, including abdominal injection and intravenous administration, the efficacy of PMVs-encapsulated drug-targeted delivery treatment was observed. The PMVs have the ability to target ischemic-damaged myocardial tissue, and the concentration and volume ratio at the optimum encapsulation rate and the drug-loading rate are 0.5 mg and 1:1. We verified that PMVs@Carvedilol had better therapeutic effects compared to other treatment groups, and immunofluorescence observation showed a significant improvement in the apoptosis indicators and infarction area of myocardial cells. Targeted administration of PMVs@Carvedilol may be a promising treatment for myocardial reperfusion injury, as it significantly improves postinjury cardiac function and increases drug utilization compared to other delivery methods.
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Hutny M, Hofman J, Zachurzok A, Matusik P. MicroRNAs as the promising markers of comorbidities in childhood obesity-A systematic review. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12880. [PMID: 34918493 PMCID: PMC9285424 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rising child obesity rate creates a need for tools quantifying changes in children suffering from obesity, for purposes of detection or prevention of comorbidities. A candidate for such a role seems to be microRNAs, which in vivo serve as the suppressing factors in gene expression. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at reviewing recent discoveries in this field and concluding directions of research or application of studied molecules. METHODS Repeated browsing of databases and screening of results, led to final approval of 16 articles. Filtered studies examined differences in microRNA expression between subjects with obesity and children suffering from its comorbidities. RESULTS Studies concerning endothelial dysfunction identified molecules miR-320a and miR-630 as a possible diagnosis and treatment option. Search for the alternative markers in diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease suggested value of molecules: miR-199a-5p and miR-122. miR-486, miR-146b, and miR-15b may serve in grading the development of type 2 diabetes in children, although further research raised doubts. Panel of molecules was indicated as useful in early detection of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance associated alterations. No valid link between studied microRNAs and atherosclerosis was found. CONCLUSIONS MicroRNAs seem to be promising prognostic markers for diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Hutny
- Scientific Society of Medical Students, Faculty of Medical Sciences in KatowiceMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Jagoda Hofman
- Scientific Society of Medical Students, Faculty of Medical Sciences in KatowiceMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Agnieszka Zachurzok
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in ZabrzeMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Paweł Matusik
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Obesity and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Chair of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in KatowiceMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
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Chen X, Luo Q. Potential clinical applications of exosomes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:372. [PMID: 35433929 PMCID: PMC9011294 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been one of the most common threats to human health in recent decades. At present, despite many diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic methods being applied in the clinic, the prevalence of CVDs continues to rise. Therefore, new discovery is needed and exosomes have received extensive attention. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that enable communication between cells. They are widely distributed in biofluids, suggesting that they may be useful in CVD diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, exosomes are ideal drug transporters with relatively high transport efficiency and the capability to target different kinds of tissues. However, the present research concentrates, for the most part, on mechanistic studies with less attention to clinical applications. Methods More than 150 relevant scientific articles from databases like PubMed, Web of Science were screened and analysed for this narrative review. Data of clinical trials are collected from clinicaltrials.gov. Key Content and Findings In this review, we concentrate on different exosomes and CVDs, and we summarize the physiological and pathological roles of CVD-related exosomes. We focused on the role exosomes may have as biomarkers of CVDs, therapeutic opportunities, and possible hurdles to the clinical application of exosomes, aiming to provide a useful reference for its translational use in the CVD field. Conclusions Specific changes in exosome cargos (mainly miRNAs and proteins) are in accordance with the occurrence and development of CVDs including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), arrhythmia, coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF) and cardiomyopathy, therefore meaningful for diagnosis and prognosis of CVDs. For exosome related therapeutic methods, potential ways consist of direct administration of exosomes, targeting on exosome synthesis, processing and release, and working as adjuvants. All in all, exosomes are expected to serve as meaningful tools in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Chen
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanchang University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanchang University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang, China
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Li L, Liu S, Tan J, Wei L, Wu D, Gao S, Weng Y, Chen J. Recent advance in treatment of atherosclerosis: Key targets and plaque-positioned delivery strategies. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221088509. [PMID: 35356091 PMCID: PMC8958685 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221088509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of vascular wall, is a progressive pathophysiological process with lipids oxidation/depositing initiation and innate/adaptive immune responses. The coordination of multi systems covering oxidative stress, dysfunctional endothelium, diseased lipid uptake, cell apoptosis, thrombotic and pro-inflammatory responding as well as switched SMCs contributes to plaque growth. In this circumstance, inevitably, targeting these processes is considered to be effective for treating atherosclerosis. Arriving, retention and working of payload candidates mediated by targets in lesion direct ultimate therapeutic outcomes. Accumulating a series of scientific studies and clinical practice in the past decades, lesion homing delivery strategies including stent/balloon/nanoparticle-based transportation worked as the potent promotor to ensure a therapeutic effect. The objective of this review is to achieve a very brief summary about the effective therapeutic methods cooperating specifical targets and positioning-delivery strategies in atherosclerosis for better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Sainan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jianying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Dimeng Wu
- Chengdu Daxan Innovative Medical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Chengdu Daxan Innovative Medical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yajun Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Junying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
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8
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Cai F, Fang N. Rolling circle amplification assisted commercial personal glucose meter based exosome detection for potentially more accurate atherosclerosis report. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li JY, Li QQ, Sheng R. The role and therapeutic potential of exosomes in ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2021; 151:105194. [PMID: 34582960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a disease caused by insufficient blood and oxygen supply to the brain, which is mainly due to intracranial arterial stenosis and middle cerebral artery occlusion. Exosomes play an important role in cerebral ischemia. Nucleic acid substances such as miRNA, circRNA, lncRNA in exosomes can play communication roles and improve cerebral ischemia by regulating the development and regeneration of the nervous system, remodeling of blood vessels and inhibiting neuroinflammation. Furthermore, exosomes modulate stroke through various mechanisms, including improving neural communication, promoting the development of neuronal cells and myelin synapses, neurovascular unit remodeling and maintaining homeostasis of the nervous system. At the same time, exosomes are also a good carrier of bioactive substances, which can be modified and targeted to the lesion site. Here, we review the roles of exosomes in cerebral ischemia, and discuss the possible mechanisms and potentials of modification of exosomes for targeting stroke, providing a new idea for the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi-Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Nyandwi JB, Ko YS, Jin H, Yun SP, Park SW, Kim HJ. Rosmarinic Acid Increases Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux through Regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in Different Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8791. [PMID: 34445501 PMCID: PMC8395905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid dysregulation in diabetes mellitus escalates endothelial dysfunction, the initial event in the development and progression of diabetic atherosclerosis. In addition, lipid-laden macrophage accumulation in the arterial wall plays a significant role in the pathology of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. Therefore, inhibition of endothelial dysfunction and enhancement of macrophage cholesterol efflux is the important antiatherogenic mechanism. Rosmarinic acid (RA) possesses beneficial properties, including its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic and cardioprotective effects. We previously reported that RA effectively inhibits diabetic endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting inflammasome activation in endothelial cells. However, its effect on cholesterol efflux remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess the effect of RA on cholesterol efflux and its underlying mechanisms in macrophages. RA effectively reduced oxLDL-induced cholesterol contents under high glucose (HG) conditions in macrophages. RA enhanced ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1) expression, promoting macrophage cholesterol efflux. Mechanistically, RA differentially regulated ABCA1 expression through JAK2/STAT3, JNK and PKC-p38 and ABCG1 expression through JAK2/STAT3, JNK and PKC-ERK1/2/p38 in macrophages. Moreover, RA primarily stabilized ABCA1 rather than ABCG1 protein levels by impairing protein degradation. These findings suggest RA as a candidate therapeutic to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease complications related to diabetes by regulating cholesterol efflux in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Nyandwi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (J.-B.N.); (Y.S.K.); (H.J.); (S.P.Y.); (S.W.P.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali 4285, Rwanda
| | - Young Shin Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (J.-B.N.); (Y.S.K.); (H.J.); (S.P.Y.); (S.W.P.)
| | - Hana Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (J.-B.N.); (Y.S.K.); (H.J.); (S.P.Y.); (S.W.P.)
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (J.-B.N.); (Y.S.K.); (H.J.); (S.P.Y.); (S.W.P.)
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (J.-B.N.); (Y.S.K.); (H.J.); (S.P.Y.); (S.W.P.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea; (J.-B.N.); (Y.S.K.); (H.J.); (S.P.Y.); (S.W.P.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
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Tsui PF, Chern CY, Lien CF, Lin FY, Tsai CS, Tsai MC, Lin CS. An octimibate derivative, Oxa17, enhances cholesterol efflux and exerts anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective effects in experimental atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114581. [PMID: 33895158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs), associated with vascular inflammation and lipid dysregulation, are responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates globally. For ASCVD treatment, cholesterol efflux plays an atheroprotective role in ameliorating inflammation and lipid dysregulation. To develop a multidisciplinary agent for promoting cholesterol efflux, octimibate derivatives were screened and investigated for the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). Western blotting and qPCR analysis were conducted to determine the molecular mechanism associated with ABCA1 expression in THP-1 macrophages; results revealed that Oxa17, an octimibate derivative, enhanced ABCA1 expression through liver X receptors alpha (LXRα) activation but not through the microRNA pathway. We also investigated the role of Oxa17 in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice used as an in vivo atherosclerosis-prone model. In ldlr-/- mice, Oxa17 increased plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and reduced plaque formation in the aorta. Plaque stability improved via reduction of macrophage accumulation and via narrowing of the necrotic core size under Oxa17 treatment. Our study demonstrates that Oxa17 is a novel and potential agent for ASCVD treatment with atheroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Fen Tsui
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuh Chern
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Lien
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Taipei Heart Research Institute and Departments of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sung Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
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12
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Zeng YY, Zhang M, Ko S, Chen F. An Update on Cardiovascular Risk Factors After Kawasaki Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:671198. [PMID: 33937365 PMCID: PMC8086797 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.671198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
First described in Japan 50 years ago, Kawasaki disease is a worldwide multisystem disease. It is an acute self-limited vasculitis of unknown etiology that can lead to coronary artery lesions, such as dilatation, aneurysms, and stenosis in children. It is one of the common causes of acquired heart disease among children in developed countries. The coronary aneurysm is a severe complication in the acute stage, possibly leading to stenotic lesions or myocardial ischemia. More concerns have centered on endothelial damage and the early onset of atherosclerosis in patients with KD. Although the coronary artery aneurysm is small or degenerated, the vascular structure does not return to normal, vascular endothelial dysfunction and remodeling continue. Most patients diagnosed with coronary artery sequelae are at risk of long-term complications. There are still many unknown aspects regarding the long-term prognosis of patients. Concerns have centered on the early onset of atherosclerosis in patients with KD. There is still no consensus on the relationship between Kawasaki disease and atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate if patients with a history of KD were at risk of accelerated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Syeun Ko
- School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Castaño D, Rattanasopa C, Monteiro-Cardoso VF, Corlianò M, Liu Y, Zhong S, Rusu M, Liehn EA, Singaraja RR. Lipid efflux mechanisms, relation to disease and potential therapeutic aspects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:54-93. [PMID: 32423566 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules involved in diverse functions such as membrane structure, energy metabolism, immunity, and signaling. However, altered intra-cellular lipid levels or composition can lead to metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction, as well as lipotoxicity. Thus, intra-cellular lipid homeostasis is tightly regulated by multiple mechanisms. Since most peripheral cells do not catabolize cholesterol, efflux (extra-cellular transport) of cholesterol is vital for lipid homeostasis. Defective efflux contributes to atherosclerotic plaque development, impaired β-cell insulin secretion, and neuropathology. Of these, defective lipid efflux in macrophages in the arterial walls leading to foam cell and atherosclerotic plaque formation has been the most well studied, likely because a leading global cause of death is cardiovascular disease. Circulating high density lipoprotein particles play critical roles as acceptors of effluxed cellular lipids, suggesting their importance in disease etiology. We review here mechanisms and pathways that modulate lipid efflux, the role of lipid efflux in disease etiology, and therapeutic options aimed at modulating this critical process.
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Liu P, Ma L, Zhao H, Shen Z, Zhou X, Yan M, Zhao T, Zhang H, Qiu X, Li P. Association between LXR- α and ABCA1 Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Han Population. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:8721536. [PMID: 33426085 PMCID: PMC7772016 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8721536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed a case-control study and selected LXR-α rs7120118 C>T and ABCA1 rs2230806 A>G polymorphisms to determine the correlation between these polymorphisms and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) susceptibility in a Chinese Han population. Three hundred DKD patients and 346 type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients without kidney disease were recruited. Our results showed that rs7120118 was associated with DKD (genotype, P = .027; allele, P < .011). rs7120118 was associated with a higher risk of DKD under a dominant model adjustment by age and sex (P = .015) and an additive model (P = .040); rs2230806 was associated with a higher risk of DKD under an recessive model (P < .03); the combined effect of rs7120118 CC+rs2230806 GG genotype showed an association of DKD adjustment for age and sex (P = .009). In subgroup analysis of patients without hypercholesterolemia, the rs2230806 genotype frequencies were different between the two groups (P = .042). rs2230806 was associated with increased risk of DKD under a recessive model adjustment for age and sex (P = .013) and an additive model (P = .031). Our results suggest that LXR-α rs7120118 is significantly associated with a higher risk of DKD, and ABCA1 rs2230806 is significantly associated with a higher risk of DKD without hypercholesterolemia in Chinese Han individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengri Shen
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Yan
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Qiu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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