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Wang Y, Wang A, Zhao G, Liu S, Li K, Li W, Peng Y, Zheng J. Glutathione conjugation and protein modification resulting from metabolic activation of pesticide metalaxyl in vitro and in vivo. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105606. [PMID: 37945228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Metalaxyl (MTL), a germicidal agent, is widely used in agriculture. Due to the biological amplification effect, MTL entering the ecological environment would result in a threat to human health through the food chain. MTL is reportedly accumulated in liver. The objectives of the study included investigating the metabolic activation of MTL in liver and defining the mechanisms participating in the hepatotoxicity of MTL. The corresponding glutathione (GSH), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) conjugate, and cysteine conjugates were observed in liver microsomes, prepared from liver tissues of mice, containing MTL and GSH, NAC or cysteine. These conjugates were also detected in urine and bile of rats receiving MTL. Apparently, MTL was biotransformed to a quinone imine intermediate dose-dependently attacking the thiols and cysteine residues of protein. The bioactivation of MTL required cytochrome P450 enzymes, and CYP3A dominated the bio-activation of MTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Aixuan Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Guode Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Kaixuan Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, PR China.
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, PR China.
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Karimi P, Sadeghi S, Kariminejad F, Sadani M, Sheikh Asadi AM, Oghazyan A, Bay A, Mahmudiono T, Fakhri Y. The concentration of pesticides in tomato: a global systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:103390-103404. [PMID: 37697195 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
To improve farming productivity, a large number of pesticides have been used worldwide in recent decades, leading to the pollution of soil, agri-products, and water, directly/indirectly affecting human health. In this regard, many studies were conducted in different countries on residual pesticides in the environment. In the current study, residual pesticides including chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, diazinon, malathion, and metalaxyl in tomatoes were meta-analyzed and health risk of consumers was estimated. For this purpose, based on a systematic review, data from 47 studies were extracted and meta-analyzed, and the health impact of pooled concentrations was assessed via a health risk method. According to the results, metalaxyl had the most concentration followed by malathion, cypermethrin, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos, respectively. The non-carcinogenic risk (n-CR) was calculated from crop consumption also showed that exposure to malathion has the most risk. Among the investigated communities, Iranian consumers were in considerable health risk (THQ > 1). Considering that the potential for the use of pesticides will increase with the need for food in the future, hence, governments must manage the usage by governments via alternative methods such as cultural, biological, physical, and genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Karimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kariminejad
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sadani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Mohammad Sheikh Asadi
- Chair of Environmental Analytics and Pollutants, Institute IWAR, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ali Oghazyan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abotaleb Bay
- Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Chai Y, Liu R, Du X, Yuan L. Dissipation and Residue of Metalaxyl-M and Azoxystrobin in Scallions and Cumulative Risk Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Hepatotoxicity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185822. [PMID: 36144556 PMCID: PMC9506456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalaxyl-M and azoxystrobin have been used to control various fungal diseases on scallion and other crops. In view of the adverse toxic effects of both on the mammalian liver, it is necessary to conduct a cumulative risk assessment of their dietary exposure to consumers. The residues of metalaxyl-M and azoxystrobin on scallion were determined by a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The half-lives were about 1.15 and 3.89 days, respectively, and the final residues after a seven-day harvest interval were <0.001−0.088 mg/kg and 0.190−4.687 mg/kg, respectively. The cumulative dietary risk quotient of the two fungicides to Chinese consumers calculated by the probability model is 13.94%~41.25%. According to the results of the contribution analysis, the risk posed by azoxystrobin is much greater than that of metalaxyl-M. Although metalaxyl-M and azoxystrobin do not pose a cumulative risk to Chinese consumers, the risk to children and adolescents is significantly higher than that to adults. This suggests that in future research, more consideration should be given to the cumulative risk of compounds to vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yida Chai
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoying Du
- School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (L.Y.)
| | - Longfei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (X.D.); (L.Y.)
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Tan Y, Wang L, Gao J, Ma J, Yu H, Zhang Y, Wang T, Han L. Multiomics Integrative Analysis for Discovering the Potential Mechanism of Dioscin against Hyperuricemia Mice. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:645-660. [PMID: 33107303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a well-known key risk factor for gout and can cause a variety of metabolic diseases. Several studies have shown that dioscin could improve metabolic symptoms and reduce the uric acid level in blood. However, there is no comprehensive metabolomic study on the anti-hyperuricemia effects of dioscin. A total of 29 adult male Kunming mice were divided into three groups: Normal (blank), PO (potassium oxonate-administrated, 200 mg/kg/day), and Dioscin (potassium oxonate + dioscin, potassium oxonate 200 mg/kg/day, dioscin 50 mg/kg/day). All mice were treated for 42 days via oral gavage. This paper implemented an untargeted metabolomics study based on 1H NMR and LC-MS to discover the comprehensive mechanism of dioscin. Furthermore, a targeted lipidomics was fulfilled to further analyze the lipid metabolism disorder. Finally, the metabolic pathway mediated by dioscin was verified at the gene level by means of transcriptomics. The results show 53 different metabolites were closely related to the improvement of dioscin in PO-induced hyperuricemia, and 19 of them were lipids. These metabolites are mainly involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. According to the transcriptomics study, the levels of 89 genes were significantly changed in the PO group compared to the normal control. Among them, six gene levels were restored by the treatment of dioscin. The six changed genes (tx1b, Tsku, Tmem163, Psmc3ip, Tcap, Tbx15) are mainly involved in the cell cycle and energy metabolism. These metabolites and genes might provide useful information for further study of the therapeutic mechanism of dioscin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Liming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Junhong Ma
- Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China
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Ni P, Liu L, Hao C, Xu X, Song S, Kuang H, Xu C. Rapid and Sensitive Immunochromatographic Method-Based Monoclonal Antibody for the Quantitative Detection of Metalaxyl in Tobacco. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:18168-18175. [PMID: 32743191 PMCID: PMC7392375 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against metalaxyl (Met) with a half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.54 ng/mL based on a new hapten, and a gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic assay (GICA) was developed for the rapid detection of Met residues in tobacco. Under optimal conditions, even with the naked eye, one can see the semiquantitative analysis results. The naked eye detection limit of Met in tobacco is 25 μg/kg, and the detection threshold is 100 μg/kg. In addition, the cross-reactivity test shows that the mAb has good specificity for Met, and the GICA results have a good correlation with the indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry test results, which show that the method is feasible and reliable and are more convenient and quicker than the methods using instrumentation for detection. Therefore, GICA may provide a useful tool for the rapid screening and detection of Met residues in tobacco.
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Zhang R, Zhou Z, Zhu W. Evaluating the effects of the tebuconazole on the earthworm, Eisenia fetida by H-1 NMR-Based untargeted metabolomics and mRNA assay. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110370. [PMID: 32151865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole, a widely used fungicide, can severely disrupt the reproductive process of various organisms. In this study, we investigated the subacute effects of tebuconazole on the earthworm to fully understand its toxic implications. Herein, untargeted metabolomics, mRNA assay and biochemical approaches were adopted to evaluate the subacute effects of Eisenia fetida earthworms, when exposed to tebuconazole at three different concentrations (0.5, 5 and 50 mg/kg) for seven days. SOD enzyme activity test displayed that tebuconazole exposure interfered with the earthworms' ROS. ANN mRNA expression was down-regulated after tebuconazole exposure. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based untargeted metabolomics study showed that 5 mg/kg tebuconazole exposure interfered with earthworms' metabolism. Twelve significantly changed metabolites were identified. The pathway analyses indicate that tebuconazole can disrupt the earthworm's metabolism, particularly in the AMP pathway, which impact the reproduction. This may explain the tebuconazole's mechanism of action behind the down-regulation of the expression of ANN mRNA, which is related to the earthworm's reproductive process. We comprehensively evaluated the mRNA expression, enzyme activity, and metabolomics, and acquired sufficient information for evaluating the toxicity of tebuconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renke Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Gu J, Cheng Y, Ji C, Tao Y, Zhao M. Analysis of the Different Metabolic Phenotypes of Metalaxyl Enantiomers in Adolescent Rat by Using 1H NMR Based Urinary Metabolomics. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1449-1457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yafei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Chenyang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ying Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
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Ge H, Zhou M, Lv D, Wang M, Dong C, Wan Y, Zhang Z, Wang S. New Insight Regarding the Relationship Between Enantioselective Toxicity Difference and Enantiomeric Toxicity Interaction from Chiral Ionic Liquids. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246163. [PMID: 31817689 PMCID: PMC6941021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chirality is an important property of molecules. The study of biological activity and toxicity of chiral molecules has important theoretical and practical significance for toxicology, pharmacology, and environmental science. The toxicological significance of chiral ionic liquids (ILs) has not been well revealed. In the present study, the enantiomeric joint toxicities of four pairs of chiral ILs 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium lactate to Allivibrio fischeri were systematically investigated by using a comprehensive approach including the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) integrated with confidence interval (CI) method (CTCICI), concentration-response curve (CRC), and isobole analysis. The direct equipartition ray (EquRay) design was used to design five binary mixtures of enantiomers according to molar ratios of 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2, and 5:1. The toxicities of chiral ILs and their mixtures were determined using the microplate toxicity analysis (MTA) method. Concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) were used as the additive reference models to construct the predicted CRC and isobole of mixtures. On the whole, there was an enantioselective toxicity difference between [BMIM]D-Lac and [BMIM]L-Lac, and [HMIM]D-Lac and [HMIM]L-Lac, while no enantioselective toxicity difference was observed for [EMIM]D-Lac and [EMIM]L-Lac, and [OMIM]D-Lac and [OMIM]L-Lac. Thereinto, the enantiomer mixtures of [BMIM]D-Lac and [BMIM]L-Lac, and [HMIM]D-Lac and [HMIM]L-Lac presented antagonistic action, and the enantiomer mixtures of [EMIM]D-Lac and [EMIM]L-Lac, and [OMIM]D-Lac and [OMIM]L-Lac overall presented additive action. Moreover, the greatest antagonistic toxicity interaction occurred at the equimolar ratio of enantiomers. Based on these results, we proposed two hypotheses, (1) chiral molecules with enantioselective toxicity difference tended to produce toxicity interactions, (2) the highest or lowest toxicity was usually at the equimolar ratio and its adjacent ratio for the enantiomer mixture. These hypotheses will need to be further validated by other enantiomer mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Ge
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.W.)
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (M.W.); Tel.: +86-898-6689-5011 (H.G.); +86-898-6689-5002 (M.W.)
| | - Min Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.W.)
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Daizhu Lv
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (M.W.); Tel.: +86-898-6689-5011 (H.G.); +86-898-6689-5002 (M.W.)
| | - Cunzhu Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Yao Wan
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Zhenshan Zhang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Suru Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.W.); (Z.Z.); (S.W.)
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