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Liang S, Zang Y, Wang H, Xue S, Xin J, Li X, Tang X, Chen J. Combined transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis reveals salinity stress specific signaling and tolerance responses in the seagrass Zostera japonica. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:203. [PMID: 39080075 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Multiple regulatory pathways of Zostera japonica to salt stress were identified through growth, physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Seagrasses are marine higher submerged plants that evolved from terrestrial monocotyledons and have fully adapted to the high saline seawater environment during the long evolutionary process. As one of the seagrasses growing in the intertidal zone, Zostera japonica not only has the ability to quickly adapt to short-term salt stress but can also survive at salinities ranging from the lower salinity of the Yellow River estuary to the higher salinity of the bay, making it a good natural model for studying the mechanism underlying the adaptation of plants to salt stress. In this work, we screened the growth, physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic changes of Z. japonica after a 5-day exposure to different salinities. We found that high salinity treatment impeded the growth of Z. japonica, hindered its photosynthesis, and elicited oxidative damage, while Z. japonica increased antioxidant enzyme activity. At the transcriptomic level, hypersaline stress greatly reduced the expression levels of photosynthesis-related genes while increasing the expression of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. Meanwhile, the expression of candidate genes involved in ion transport and cell wall remodeling was dramatically changed under hypersaline stress. Moreover, transcription factors signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were also significantly influenced by salt stress. At the metabolomic level, Z. japonica displayed an accumulation of osmolytes and TCA mediators under hypersaline stress. In conclusion, our results revealed a complex regulatory mechanism in Z. japonica under salt stress, and the findings will provide important guidance for improving salt resistance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Science (DISAFA), Plant Stress Laboratory, Turin University, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Yu Zang
- Ministry of Natural Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hongzhen Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Song Xue
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiayi Xin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xinqi Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Wang F, Ghonimy A, Wang X. Whole-genome sequencing of Pseudoalteromonas piscicida 2515 revealed its antibacterial potency against Vibrio anguillarum: a preliminary invitro study. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:84. [PMID: 38809302 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01974-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Pseudoalteromonas piscicida 2515, isolated from Litopenaeus vannamei culture water, is a potential marine probiotic with broad anti-Vibrio properties. However, genomic information on P. piscicida 2515 is scarce. In this study, the general genomic characteristics and probiotic properties of the P. piscicida 2515 strain were analysed. In addition, we determined the antibacterial mechanism of this bacterial strain by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the whole-genome sequence of P. piscicida 2515 contained one chromosome and one plasmid, including a total length of 5,541,406 bp with a G + C content of 43.24%, and 4679 protein-coding genes were predicted. Various adhesion-related genes, amino acid and vitamin metabolism and biosynthesis genes, and stress-responsive genes were found with genome mining tools. The presence of genes encoding chitin, bromocyclic peptides, lantibiotics, and sactipeptides showed the strong antibacterial activity of the P. piscicida 2515 strain. Moreover, in coculture with Vibrio anguillarum, P. piscicida 2515 displayed vesicle/pilus-like structures located on its surface that possibly participated in its bactericidal activity, representing an antibacterial mechanism. Additionally, 16 haemolytic genes and 3 antibiotic resistance genes, including tetracycline, fluoroquinolone, and carbapenem were annotated, but virulence genes encoding enterotoxin FM (entFM), cereulide (ces), and cytotoxin K were not detected. Further tests should be conducted to confirm the safety characteristics of P. piscicida 2515, including long-term toxicology tests, ecotoxicological assessment, and antibiotic resistance transfer risk assessment. Our results here revealed a new understanding of the probiotic properties and antibacterial mechanism of P. piscicida 2515, in addition to theoretical information for its application in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Abdallah Ghonimy
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiuhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Sha S, Wang G, Liu J, Wang M, Wang L, Liu Y, Geng G, Liu J, Wang Y. Regulation of photosynthetic function and reactive oxygen species metabolism in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars under waterlogging stress and associated tolerance mechanisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108651. [PMID: 38653098 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an economically important sugar crop worldwide that is susceptible to sudden waterlogging stress during seedling cultivation, which poses a major threat to sugar beet development and production. Our understanding of the physiological basis of waterlogging tolerance in sugar beet is limited. To investigate the photosynthetic adaptation strategies of sugar beet to waterlogging stress conditions, the tolerant cultivar KUHN1260 (KU) and sensitive cultivar SV1433 (SV) were grown under waterlogging stress, and their photosynthetic function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism were assessed. Our results showed that waterlogging stress significantly reduced the photosynthetic pigment content, rubisco activity, and expression level of the photosynthetic enzyme genes SvRuBP, SvGAPDH, and SvPRK, gas exchange parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, induced damage to the ultrastructure of the chloroplast of the two sugar beet cultivars, inhibited the photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity of sugar beet leaves, damaged the structural stability of photosystem II (PSII), and disturbed the equilibrium between electrons at the acceptor and donor sides of PSII, which was the result of stomatal and non-stomatal limiting factors. Moreover, the level of ROS, H2O2, and O2▪-, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression levels in the leaves of the two sugar beet cultivars increased over time under waterlogging stress; ROS accumulation was lower and antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression levels were higher in the waterlogging-tolerant cultivar (KU) than the waterlogging-sensitive cultivar (SV). In sum, these responses in the more tolerant cultivars are associated with their resistance to waterlogging stress. Our findings will aid the breeding of waterlogging-tolerant sugar beet cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Sha
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; School of Food Engineering, Harbin University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Meihui Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yonglong Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Gui Geng
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China; Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
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Yolcu S, Skorupa M, Uras ME, Mazur J, Ozyiğit II. Genome-wide identification, phylogenetic classification of histone acetyltransferase genes, and their expression analysis in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under salt stress. PLANTA 2024; 259:85. [PMID: 38448714 PMCID: PMC10917867 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This study identified seven histone acetyltransferase-encoding genes (HATs) from Beta vulgaris L. (sugar beet) genome through bioinformatics tools and analyzed their expression profiles under salt stress. Sugar beet HATs are phylogenetically divided into four families: GNAT, MYST, CBP, and TAFII250. The BvHAT genes were differentially transcribed in leaves, stems, and roots of B. vulgaris salt-resistant (Casino) and -sensitive (Bravo) cultivars under salt stress. Histone acetylation is regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs), which catalyze ɛ-amino bond formation between lysine residues and acetyl groups with a cofactor, acetyl-CoA. Even though the HATs are known to participate in stress response and development in model plants, little is known about the functions of HATs in crops. In sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), they have not yet been identified and characterized. Here, an in silico analysis of the HAT gene family in sugar beet was performed, and their expression patterns in leaves, stems, and roots of B. vulgaris were analyzed under salt stress. Salt-resistant (Casino) and -sensitive (Bravo) beet cultivars were used for gene expression assays. Seven HATs were identified from sugar beet genome, and named BvHAG1, BvHAG2, BvHAG3, BvHAG4, BvHAC1, BvHAC2, and BvHAF1. The HAT proteins were divided into 4 groups including MYST, GNAT (GCN5, HAT1, ELP3), CBP and TAFII250. Analysis of cis-acting elements indicated that the BvHAT genes might be involved in hormonal regulation, light response, plant development, and abiotic stress response. The BvHAT genes were differentially expressed in leaves, stems, and roots under control and 300 mM NaCl. In roots of B. vulgaris cv. Bravo, the BvHAG1, BvHAG2, BvHAG4, BvHAF1, and BvHAC1 genes were dramatically expressed after 7 and 14 days of salt stress. Interestingly, the BvHAC2 gene was not expressed under both control and stress conditions. However, the expression of BvHAG2, BvHAG3, BvHAG4, BvHAC1, BvHAC2 genes showed a significant increase in response to salt stress in the roots of cv. Casino. This study provides new insights into the potential roles of histone acetyltransferases in sugar beet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seher Yolcu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Monika Skorupa
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Mehmet Emin Uras
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Haliç University, 34060, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Justyna Mazur
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Ibrahim Ilker Ozyiğit
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Marmara University, 34722, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Liu X, Gao Y, Li R, Zhang X, Dong G, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Yang Z, Huang J, Dai Q, Yao Y. Transcriptomic analysis of salt-tolerant and sensitive high-yield japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) reveals complicated salt-tolerant mechanisms. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14275. [PMID: 38566267 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Developing and cultivating rice varieties is a potent strategy for reclaiming salinity-affected soils for rice production. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms conferring salt tolerance, especially in conventional high-yield japonica rice varieties, remain obscure. In this study, Zhendao 23309 (ZD23309) exhibited significantly less grain yield reduction under a salt stress gradient than the control variety Wuyunjing 30 (WYJ30). High positive correlations between grain yield and dry matter accumulation at the jointing, heading and maturity stages indicated that early salt tolerance performance is a crucial hallmark for yield formation. After a mild salt stress (85 mM NaCl) of young seedlings, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of shoot and root separately identified a total of 1952 and 3647 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ZD23309, and 2114 and 2711 DEGs in WYJ30, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed numerous DEGs in ZD23309 that play pivotal roles in strengthening salt tolerance, encompassing the response to stimulus (GO:0050896) in shoots and nucleoside binding (GO:0001882) in roots. Additionally, distinct expression patterns were observed in a fraction of genes in the two rice varieties under salt stress, corroborating the efficacy of previously reported salt tolerance genes. Our research not only offers fresh insights into the differences in salt stress tolerance among conventional high-yield rice varieties but also unveils the intricate nature of salt tolerance mechanisms. These findings lay a solid groundwork for deciphering the mechanisms underlying salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingbo Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongkai Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Lixiahe Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guichun Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianye Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qigen Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youli Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Mirrani HM, Noreen Z, Usman S, Shah AA, Mahmoud EA, Elansary HO, Aslam M, Waqas A, Javed T. Magnesium nanoparticles extirpate salt stress in carrots (Daucus carota L.) through metabolomics regulations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108383. [PMID: 38286092 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Underground vegetables are sensitive and vulnerable to salt stress. The vegetables are the main source of vitamins, nutrients and minerals in human diet. Also contain healthy carbohydrates, antioxidant and resistant starch which are beneficial for human health. Salinity influences water balance, morphological appearance and cellular interference of crop plants. It also caused disproportion of nutrients which usually affects the physiochemical processes in plant. Salt stress also affect biochemical attributes and hampers the growth of underground organs, due to which yield of crop decreased. The nanoparticles had been potentially used for better crop yield, in the recent. In our research study, we elaborate the positive response of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) on the morphological and biochemical parameters as well as anti-oxidant enzymes action on two accessions of carrot (Daucus carota L.) under salt stress of 40 mM and 80 mM. In a pilot experiment, various levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L) of MgO-NPs were tested through foliar application on carrot plants. Foliar application of MgO-NPs at concentration of 150 mg/L was most effective treatment and ameliorate the salt stress in both carrot accessions (DC-03 and DC-90). The MgO-NPs significantly enhanced the morphological and biochemical parameters. The yield was significantly increased with the exposure of MgO-NPs. Our results thus confirmed the potential of MgO-NPs to endorse the plant development and growth under salinity. However, further research study is needed to explore effectiveness of MgO-NPs in various other plants for the ameliorant of salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hurmat Mehdi Mirrani
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Noreen
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sheeraz Usman
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Eman A Mahmoud
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Hosam O Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Waqas
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Talha Javed
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
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Zhou T, Sun SS, Song HL, Chen JF, Yue CP, Huang JY, Feng YN, Hua YP. Morpho-physiological, Genomic, and Transcriptional Diversities in Response to Potassium Deficiency in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) Genotypes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2381-2396. [PMID: 38232380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Variations in the resistance to potassium (K) deficiency among rapeseed genotypes emphasize complicated regulatory mechanisms. In this study, a low-K-sensitivity accession (L49) responded to K deficiency with smaller biomasses, severe leaf chlorosis, weaker photosynthesis ability, and deformed stomata morphology compared to a low-K resistant accession (H280). H280 accumulated more K+ than L49 under low K. Whole-genome resequencing (WGS) revealed a total of 5,538,622 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 859,184 insertions/deletions (InDels) between H280 and L49. RNA-seq identified more differentially expressed K+ transporter genes with higher expression in H280 than in L49 under K deficiency. Based on the K+ profiles, differential expression profiling, weighted gene coexpression network analysis, and WGS data between H280 and L49, BnaC4.AKT1 was proposed to be mainly responsible for root K absorption-mediated low K resistance. BnaC4.AKT1 was expressed preferentially in the roots and localized on the plasma membrane. An SNP and an InDel found in the promoter region of BnaC4.AKT1 were proposed to be responsible for its differential expression between rapeseed genotypes. This study identified a gene resource for improving low-K resistance. It also facilitates an integrated knowledge of the differential physiological and transcriptional responses to K deficiency in rapeseed genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Si-Si Sun
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hai-Li Song
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jun-Fan Chen
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Cai-Peng Yue
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jin-Yong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying-Na Feng
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying-Peng Hua
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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8
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Hunpatin OS, Yuan G, Nong T, Shi C, Wu X, Liu H, Ning Y, Wang Q. The Roles of Calcineurin B-like Proteins in Plants under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16958. [PMID: 38069281 PMCID: PMC10707636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity stands as a significant environmental stressor, severely impacting crop productivity. Plants exposed to salt stress undergo physiological alterations that influence their growth and development. Meanwhile, plants have also evolved mechanisms to endure the detrimental effects of salinity-induced salt stress. Within plants, Calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins act as vital Ca2+ sensors, binding to Ca2+ and subsequently transmitting signals to downstream response pathways. CBLs engage with CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), forming complexes that regulate a multitude of plant growth and developmental processes, notably ion homeostasis in response to salinity conditions. This review introduces the repercussions of salt stress, including osmotic stress, diminished photosynthesis, and oxidative damage. It also explores how CBLs modulate the response to salt stress in plants, outlining the functions of the CBL-CIPK modules involved. Comprehending the mechanisms through which CBL proteins mediate salt tolerance can accelerate the development of cultivars resistant to salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseyi Setonji Hunpatin
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (O.S.H.); (G.Y.); (T.N.); (C.S.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guang Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (O.S.H.); (G.Y.); (T.N.); (C.S.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tongjia Nong
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (O.S.H.); (G.Y.); (T.N.); (C.S.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chuhan Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (O.S.H.); (G.Y.); (T.N.); (C.S.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (O.S.H.); (G.Y.); (T.N.); (C.S.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (O.S.H.); (G.Y.); (T.N.); (C.S.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Yang Ning
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (O.S.H.); (G.Y.); (T.N.); (C.S.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (O.S.H.); (G.Y.); (T.N.); (C.S.); (X.W.); (H.L.)
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Li Y, Feng H, Xian S, Wang J, Zheng X, Song X. Phytotoxic effects of polyethylene microplastics combined with cadmium on the photosynthetic performance of maize (Zea mays L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108065. [PMID: 37797385 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and cadmium (Cd) has attracted increasing attention due to their combined toxicity to terrestrial vegetation. Photosynthesis which utilizes light energy to synthesize organic substances is crucial for crop production. However, the plant photosynthetic response to the joint toxicity of MPs and Cd is still unknown. Here, we studied the effects of polyethylene (PE) MPs on the photosynthetic performance of two maize cultivars Xianyu 335 (XY) and Zhengdan 958 (ZD) grown in a Cd contaminated soil. Results showed that the leaf Cd concentration in XY and ZD reached 26.1 and 31.9 μg g-1, respectively. PE-MPs did not influence the leaf Cd content, but posed direct and negative effects on photosynthesis by increasing the malondialdehyde content, reducing the chlorophyll content, inhibiting photosynthetic capacity, disrupting the PSII donor side, blocking electron transfer in different photosystems, and suppressing the oxidation and reduction states of PSI. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the inhibitory effect of combined PE-MPs and Cd on maize photosynthesis was attributed to suppressed expression of the genes encoding PSII, PSI, F-type ATPase, cytochrome b6/f complex, and electron transport between PSII and PSI. Using WGCNA, we identified a MEturquoise module highly correlated with photosynthetic traits. Hub genes bridging carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and translation provided the molecular mechanisms of PE-MPs and Cd tolerance in maize plants. The comprehensive information on the phytotoxicity mechanisms of Cd stress in the presence or absence of PE-MPs on the photosynthesis of maize is helpful for cloning Cd and PE-MP resistance genes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, De'zhou, 253023, China
| | - Hongyu Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, De'zhou, 253023, China
| | - Shutong Xian
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, De'zhou, 253023, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, De'zhou, 253023, China
| | - Xuebo Zheng
- Institute of Tobacco Research of CAAS, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Xiliang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, De'zhou, 253023, China.
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Rodrigues Neto JC, Salgado FF, Braga ÍDO, Carvalho da Silva TL, Belo Silva VN, Leão AP, Ribeiro JADA, Abdelnur PV, Valadares LF, de Sousa CAF, Souza Júnior MT. Osmoprotectants play a major role in the Portulaca oleracea resistance to high levels of salinity stress-insights from a metabolomics and proteomics integrated approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1187803. [PMID: 37384354 PMCID: PMC10296175 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1187803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a non-conventional food plant used extensively in folk medicine and classified as a multipurpose plant species, serving as a source of features of direct importance to the agricultural and agri-industrial sectors. This species is considered a suitable model to study the mechanisms behind resistance to several abiotic stresses including salinity. The recently achieved technological developments in high-throughput biology opened a new window of opportunity to gain additional insights on purslane resistance to salinity stress-a complex, multigenic, and still not well-understood trait. Only a few reports on single-omics analysis (SOA) of purslane are available, and only one multi-omics integration (MOI) analysis exists so far integrating distinct omics platforms (transcriptomics and metabolomics) to characterize the response of purslane plants to salinity stress. Methods The present study is a second step in building a robust database on the morpho-physiological and molecular responses purslane to salinity stress and its subsequent use in attempting to decode the genetics behind its resistance to this abiotic stress. Here, the characterization of the morpho-physiological responses of adult purslane plants to salinity stress and a metabolomics and proteomics integrative approach to study the changes at the molecular level in their leaves and roots is presented. Results and discussion Adult plants of the B1 purslane accession lost approximately 50% of the fresh and dry weight (from shoots and roots) whensubmitted to very high salinity stress (2.0 g of NaCl/100 g of the substrate). The resistance to very high levels of salinity stress increases as the purslane plant matures, and most of the absorbed sodium remains in the roots, with only a part (~12%) reaching the shoots. Crystal-like structures, constituted mainly by Na+, Cl-, and K+, were found in the leaf veins and intercellular space near the stoma, indicating that this species has a mechanism of salt exclusion operating on the leaves, which has its role in salt tolerance. The MOI approach showed that 41 metabolites were statistically significant on the leaves and 65 metabolites on the roots of adult purslane plants. The combination of the mummichog algorithm and metabolomics database comparison revealed that the glycine, serine, and threonine, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways were the most significantly enriched pathways when considering the total number of occurrences in the leaves (with 14, 13, and 13, respectively) and roots (all with eight) of adult plants; and that purslane plants employ the adaptive mechanism of osmoprotection to mitigate the negative effect of very high levels of salinity stress; and that this mechanism is prevalent in the leaves. The multi-omics database built by our group underwent a screen for salt-responsive genes, which are now under further characterization for their potential to promote resistance to salinity stress when heterologously overexpressed in salt-sensitive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - André Pereira Leão
- The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Manoel Teixeira Souza Júnior
- The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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11
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Hitti Y, MacPherson S, Lefsrud M. Separate Effects of Sodium on Germination in Saline-Sodic and Alkaline Forms at Different Concentrations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1234. [PMID: 36986923 PMCID: PMC10056307 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity negatively impacts crop productivity, yet neutral and alkali salt stresses are not often differentiated. To investigate these abiotic stresses separately, saline and alkaline solutions with identical concentrations of sodium (12 mM, 24 mM and 49 mM) were used to compare the seed germination, viability and biomass of four crop species. Commercial buffers containing NaOH were diluted to generate alkaline solutions. The sodic solutions tested contained the neutral salt NaCl. Romaine lettuce, tomato, beet, and radish were seeded and grown hydroponically for 14 days. A rapid germination was observed for alkaline solutions when compared to saline-sodic solutions. The highest plant viability recorded (90.0%) was for the alkaline solution, containing 12 mM Na+, and for the control treatment. Plant viability, with a value of 49 mM Na+ in saline-sodic and alkaline solutions, was the lowest (50.0% and 40.8% respectively), and tomato plants did not germinate. EC values were higher for the saline-sodic solutions than the alkaline solutions, yielding greater fresh mass per plant for all species, with the exception of beets grown in alkaline solution, with a value of 24 mM Na+. The fresh mass of romaine lettuce grown in the 24 mM Na+ saline-sodic solution was significantly greater than romaine lettuce grown in the alkaline solution with the same sodium concentration.
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12
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Su Q, Sun Z, Liu Y, Lei J, Zhu W, Nanyan L. Physiological and comparative transcriptome analysis of the response and adaptation mechanism of the photosynthetic function of mulberry ( Morus alba L.) leaves to flooding stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2094619. [PMID: 35786355 PMCID: PMC9255227 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2094619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flooding has become one of the major abiotic stresses that seriously affects plant growth and development owing to changes in the global precipitation pattern. Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is a desirable tree spePhysocarpus amurensis Maxim andcies with high ecological and economic benefits. To reveal the response and adaptive mechanisms of the photosynthetic functions of mulberry leaves to flooding stress, chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic electron transfer and the Calvin cycle were investigated by physiological studies combined with an analysis of the transcriptome. Flooding stress inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll (Chl) and decreased its content in mulberry leaves. The sensitivity of Chl a to flooding stress was higher than that of Chl b owing to the changes of CHLG (LOC21385082) and CAO (LOC21408165) that encode genes during chlorophyll synthesis. The levels of expression of Chl b reductase NYC (LOC112094996) and NYC (LOC21385774), which are involved in Chl b degradation, were upregulated on the fifteenth day of flooding, which accelerated the transformation of Chl b to Chl a, and upregulated the expression of PPH (LOC21385040) and PAO (LOC21395013). This accelerated the degradation of chlorophyll. Flooding stress significantly inhibited the photosynthetic function of mulberry leaves. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes under different days of flooding stress indicated significant enrichment in Photosynthesis-antenna proteins (map00196), Photosynthesis (map00195) and Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms (map00710). On the fifth day of flooding, 7 and 5 genes that encode antenna proteins were identified on LHCII and LHCI, respectively. They were significantly downregulated, and the degree of downregulation increased as the trees were flooded longer. Therefore, the power of the leaves to capture solar energy and transfer this energy to the reaction center was reduced. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and related changes in the expression of genes in the transcriptome indicated that the PSII and PSI of mulberry leaves were damaged, and their activities decreased under flooding stress. On the fifth day of flooding, electron transfer on the PSII acceptor side of mulberry leaves was blocked, and the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) on the donor side was damaged. On the tenth day of flooding, the thylakoid membranes of mulberry leaves were damaged. Five of the six coding genes that mapped to the OEC were significantly downregulated. Simultaneously, other coding genes located at the PSII reaction center and those located at the PSI reaction center, including Cytb6/f, PC, Fd, FNR and ATP, were also significantly downregulated. In addition, the gas exchange parameters (Pn, Gs, Tr, and Ci) of the leaves decreased after 10 days of flooding stress primarily owing to the stomatal factor. However, on the fifteenth day of flooding, the value for the intracellular concentration of CO2 was significantly higher than that on the tenth day of flooding. In addition, the differentially expressed genes identified in the Calvin cycle were significantly downregulated, suggesting that in addition to stomatal factors, non-stomatal factors were also important factors that mediated the decrease in the photosynthetic capacity of mulberry leaves. In conclusion, the inhibition of growth of mulberry plants caused by flooding stress was primarily related to the inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis, antenna proteins, photosynthetic electron transfer and the Calvin cycle. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the response and mechanism of adaptation of the photosynthetic function of mulberry to flooding stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Su
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiyu Sun
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiawei Lei
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenxu Zhu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Guangxi, China
| | - Liao Nanyan
- Guangxi Fangcheng Golden Camellias National Nature Reserve, Guilin541006, Guangxi, China
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13
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Alharbi K, Hafez E, Omara AED, Awadalla A, Nehela Y. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Silica Nanoparticles Stimulate Sugar Beet Resilience to Irrigation with Saline Water in Salt-Affected Soils. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223117. [PMID: 36432846 PMCID: PMC9694940 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Combined stressors (high soil salinity and saline water irrigation) severely reduce plant growth and sugar beet yield. Seed inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and/or foliar spraying with silica nanoparticles (Si-NP) is deemed one of the most promising new strategies that have the potential to inhibit abiotic stress. Herein, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) plants were treated with two PGPR (Pseudomonas koreensis MG209738 and Bacillus coagulans NCAIM B.01123) and/or Si-NP, during two successive seasons 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 to examine the vital role of PGPR, Si-NP, and their combination in improving growth characteristics, and production in sugar beet plants exposed to two watering treatments (fresh water and saline water) in salt-affected soil. The results revealed that combined stressors (high soil salinity and saline water irrigation) increased ion imbalance (K+/Na+ ratio; from 1.54 ± 0.11 to 1.00 ± 0.15) and declined the relative water content (RWC; from 86.76 ± 4.70 to 74.30 ± 3.20%), relative membrane stability index (RMSI), stomatal conductance (gs), and chlorophyll content, which negatively affected on the crop productivity. Nevertheless, the application of combined PGPR and Si-NP decreased oxidative stress indicators (hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation) and sodium ions while increasing activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; up to 1.9-folds), catalase (CAT; up to 1.4-folds), and peroxidase (POX; up to 2.5-folds) enzymes, and potassium ions resulting in physiological processes, root yield, and sugar yield compared to non-treated controls under combined stressors (high soil salinity and saline water irrigation). It is worth mentioning that the singular application of PGPR improved root length, diameter, and yield greater than Si-NP alone and it was comparable to the combined treatment (PGPR+Si-NP). It was concluded that the combined application of PGPR and Si-NP has valuable impacts on the growth and yield of sugar beet growing under combined stressors of high soil salinity and saline water irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Hafez
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Dien Omara
- Agricultural Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Giza 12112, Egypt
| | - Abdelmoniem Awadalla
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Yasser Nehela
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
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14
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Li X, He W, Fang J, Liang Y, Zhang H, Chen D, Wu X, Zhang Z, Wang L, Han P, Zhang B, Xue T, Zheng W, He J, Bai C. Genomic and transcriptomic-based analysis of agronomic traits in sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) pure line IMA1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1028885. [PMID: 36311117 PMCID: PMC9608375 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1028885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important sugar-producing and energy crop worldwide. The sugar beet pure line IMA1 independently bred by Chinese scientists is a standard diploid parent material that is widely used in hybrid-breeding programs. In this study, a high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly for IMA1was conducted, and 99.1% of genome sequences were assigned to nine chromosomes. A total of 35,003 protein-coding genes were annotated, with 91.56% functionally annotated by public databases. Compared with previously released sugar beet assemblies, the new genome was larger with at least 1.6 times larger N50 size, thereby substantially improving the completeness and continuity of the sugar beet genome. A Genome-Wide Association Studies analysis identified 10 disease-resistance genes associated with three important beet diseases and five genes associated with sugar yield per hectare, which could be key targets to improve sugar productivity. Nine highly expressed genes associated with pollen fertility of sugar beet were also identified. The results of this study provide valuable information to identify and dissect functional genes affecting sugar beet agronomic traits, which can increase sugar beet production and help screen for excellent sugar beet breeding materials. In addition, information is provided that can precisely incorporate biotechnology tools into breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenjin He
- Life Science College of Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingping Fang
- Life Science College of Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yahui Liang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sugarbeet Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Huizhong Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sugarbeet Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Duo Chen
- Life Science College of Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingrong Wu
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sugarbeet Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sugarbeet Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sugarbeet Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Pingan Han
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sugarbeet Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Bizhou Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sugarbeet Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Ting Xue
- Life Science College of Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenzhe Zheng
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sugarbeet Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiangfeng He
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sugarbeet Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Chen Bai
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sugarbeet Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
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15
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Duodenal Metabolic Profile Changes in Heat-Stressed Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111337. [PMID: 35681802 PMCID: PMC9179521 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Heat stress (HS) represents an environmental and socio-economic burden to the poultry industry worldwide. However, the underpinning mechanisms for HS responses are still not well defined. Here, we used a high-throughput analysis to determine the metabolite profiles in acute and chronic heat-stressed broilers in comparison with thermoneutral and pair-fed birds. The results showed that HS altered several duodenal metabolites in a duration-dependent manner and identified potential metabolite signatures. Abstract Heat stress (HS) is devastating to poultry production sustainability worldwide. In addition to its adverse effects on growth, welfare, meat quality, and mortality, HS alters the gut integrity, leading to dysbiosis and leaky gut syndrome; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully defined. Here, we used a high-throughput mass spectrometric metabolomics approach to probe the metabolite profile in the duodenum of modern broilers exposed to acute (AHS, 2 h) or chronic cyclic (CHS, 8 h/day for 2 weeks) HS in comparison with thermoneutral (TN) and pair-fed birds. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS) identified a total of 178 known metabolites. The trajectory analysis of the principal component analysis (PCA) score plots (both 2D and 3D maps) showed clear separation between TN and each treated group, indicating a unique duodenal metabolite profile in HS birds. Within the HS groups, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) displayed different clusters when comparing metabolite profiles from AHS and CHS birds, suggesting that the metabolite signatures were also dependent on HS duration. To gain biologically related molecule networks, the above identified duodenal metabolites were mapped into the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) knowledge-base and analyzed to outline the most enriched biological functions. Several common and specific top canonical pathways were generated. Specifically, the adenosine nucleotide degradation and dopamine degradation pathways were specific for the AHS group; however, the UDP-D-xylose and UDP-D-glucuronate biosynthesis pathways were generated only for the CHS group. The top diseases enriched by the IPA core analysis for the DA metabolites, including cancer, organismal (GI) injury, hematological, cardiovascular, developmental, hereditary, and neurological disorders, were group-specific. The top altered molecular and cellular functions were amino acid metabolism, molecular transport, small molecule biochemistry, protein synthesis, cell death and survival, and DNA damage and repair. The IPA-causal network predicted that the upstream regulators (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B, CPT1B; histone deacetylase 11, HDAC11; carbonic anhydrase 9, CA9; interleukin 37, IL37; glycine N-methyl transferase, GNMT; GATA4) and the downstream mediators (mitogen-activated protein kinases, MAPKs; superoxide dismutase, SOD) were altered in the HS groups. Taken together, these data showed that, independently of feed intake depression, HS induced significant changes in the duodenal metabolite profile in a duration-dependent manner and identified a potential duodenal signature for HS.
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An Insight into Abiotic Stress and Influx Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants to Cope in Saline Environments. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040597. [PMID: 35453796 PMCID: PMC9028878 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary This review focuses on plant growth and development harmed by abiotic stress, primarily salt stress. Salt stress raises the intracellular osmotic pressure, leading to hazardous sodium buildup. Plants react to salt stress signals by regulating ion homeostasis, activating the osmotic stress pathway, modulating plant hormone signaling, and altering cytoskeleton dynamics and cell wall composition. Understanding the processes underlying these physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress could lead to more effective agricultural crop yield measures. In this review, researchers outline recent advances in plant salt stress control. The study of plant salt tolerance processes is essential, both theoretically and practically, to improve agricultural output, produce novel salt-tolerant cultivars, and make full use of saline soil. Based on past research, this paper discusses the adverse effects of salt stress on plants, including photosynthesis suppression, ion homeostasis disturbance, and membrane peroxidation. The authors have also covered the physiological mechanisms of salt tolerance, such as the scavenging of reactive oxygen species and osmotic adjustment. This study further identifies specific salt stress-responsive mechanisms linked to physiological systems. Based on previous studies, this article reviews the current methodologies and techniques for improving plant salt tolerance. Overall, it is hoped that the above-mentioned points will impart helpful background information for future agricultural and crop plant production. Abstract Salinity is significant abiotic stress that affects the majority of agricultural, irrigated, and cultivated land. It is an issue of global importance, causing many socio-economic problems. Salt stress mainly occurs due to two factors: (1) soil type and (2) irrigation water. It is a major environmental constraint, limiting crop growth, plant productivity, and agricultural yield. Soil salinity is a major problem that considerably distorts ecological habitats in arid and semi-arid regions. Excess salts in the soil affect plant nutrient uptake and osmotic balance, leading to osmotic and ionic stress. Plant adaptation or tolerance to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic pathways, the production of enzymes, compatible solutes, metabolites, and molecular or genetic networks. Different plant species have different salt overly sensitive pathways and high-affinity K+ channel transporters that maintain ion homeostasis. However, little progress has been made in developing salt-tolerant crop varieties using different breeding approaches. This review highlights the interlinking of plant morpho-physiological, molecular, biochemical, and genetic approaches to produce salt-tolerant plant species. Most of the research emphasizes the significance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stressors. Plant growth, survival, and yield can be stabilized by utilizing this knowledge using different breeding and agronomical techniques. This information marks existing research areas and future gaps that require more attention to reveal new salt tolerance determinants in plants—in the future, creating genetically modified plants could help increase crop growth and the toleration of saline environments.
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Zhang J, Liang L, Xie Y, Zhao Z, Su L, Tang Y, Sun B, Lai Y, Li H. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal Molecular Responses of Two Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Cultivars to Cold Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819630. [PMID: 35392507 PMCID: PMC8981722 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is a significant factor affecting field-grown pepper. The molecular mechanisms behind peppers' response to cold stress remain unknown. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were used to investigate the responses of two pepper cultivars, XS (cold-sensitive) and GZ (cold-resistant), to cold stress; these were screened from 45 pepper materials. In this study, compared with the control group (0 h), we identified 10,931 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in XS and GZ, 657 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in the positive ion mode, and 390 DEMs in the negative ion mode. Most DEGs were involved in amino acid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis revealed that the content of free polyamines (PAs), plant hormones, and osmolytes, mainly contained increased putrescine, spermine, spermidine, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), raffinose, and proline, in response to cold stress. Importantly, the regulation of the ICE (inducer of CBF expression)-CBF (C repeat binding factors)-COR (cold regulated) pathway by Ca2+ signaling, MAPK signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling plays a key role in regulating responses of peppers to cold stress. Above all, the results of the present study provide important insights into the response of peppers to cold stress, which will reveal the potential molecular mechanisms and contribute to pepper screening and breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Le Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongdong Xie
- Institute for Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihong Su
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunsong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Chourasia KN, More SJ, Kumar A, Kumar D, Singh B, Bhardwaj V, Kumar A, Das SK, Singh RK, Zinta G, Tiwari RK, Lal MK. Salinity responses and tolerance mechanisms in underground vegetable crops: an integrative review. PLANTA 2022; 255:68. [PMID: 35169941 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present review gives an insight into the salinity stress tolerance responses and mechanisms of underground vegetable crops. Phytoprotectants, agronomic practices, biofertilizers, and modern biotechnological approaches are crucial for salinity stress management. Underground vegetables are the source of healthy carbohydrates, resistant starch, antioxidants, vitamins, mineral, and nutrients which benefit human health. Soil salinity is a serious threat to agriculture that severely affects the growth, development, and productivity of underground vegetable crops. Salt stress induces several morphological, anatomical, physiological, and biochemical changes in crop plants which include reduction in plant height, leaf area, and biomass. Also, salinity stress impedes the growth of the underground organs, which ultimately reduces crop yield. Moreover, salt stress is detrimental to photosynthesis, membrane integrity, nutrient balance, and leaf water content. Salt tolerance mechanisms involve a complex interplay of several genes, transcription factors, and proteins that are involved in the salinity tolerance mechanism in underground crops. Besides, a coordinated interaction between several phytoprotectants, phytohormones, antioxidants, and microbes is needed. So far, a comprehensive review of salinity tolerance responses and mechanisms in underground vegetables is not available. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of salt stress effects on underground vegetable crops at different levels of biological organization and discuss the underlying salt tolerance mechanisms. Also, the role of multi-omics in dissecting gene and protein regulatory networks involved in salt tolerance mechanisms is highlighted, which can potentially help in breeding salt-tolerant underground vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Nishant Chourasia
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | | | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India.
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India.
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Behr JH, Bednarz H, Gödde V, Niehaus K, Zörb C. Metabolic responses of sugar beet to the combined effect of root hypoxia and NaCl-salinity. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 267:153545. [PMID: 34736005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The combined occurrence of salt stress and hypoxia leads to increased growth reduction and severe toxic effects compared to salt stress alone. In the present work, we analyzed the metabolic response of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to salt stress combined with hypoxia in roots as well as in young and mature leaves. B. vulgaris plants were grown in a hydroponic culture under low and high salt concentrations combined with normoxic and hypoxic conditions. A non-targeted metabolic approach was used to identify the biochemical pathways underlying the metabolic and physiological adaptation mechanisms. Young and mature leaves showed a similar metabolic response to salt stress alone and combined stresses, accumulating sugar compounds. Osmoprotectants such as proline and pinitol were accumulated under combined stress. Roots exposed to hypoxic conditions showed increased TCA (tricarboxylic acid cycle) intermediates levels such as succinate, fumarate and malate. During hypoxia, the concentration of free amino acids as well as intermediates of the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) shunt increased in roots as well as in leaves. The combination of salt stress and hypoxia results in a severe stress response in roots and leaves. A partial flux of the TCA cycle linked with the GABA shunt might be activated during hypoxia to regain reduction equivalents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Helge Behr
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products; Emil-Wolff-Str. 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Plant-Microbe Systems, 14979, Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Hanna Bednarz
- CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Victoria Gödde
- CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Zörb
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products; Emil-Wolff-Str. 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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20
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Wang Y, Wang J, Guo D, Zhang H, Che Y, Li Y, Tian B, Wang Z, Sun G, Zhang H. Physiological and comparative transcriptome analysis of leaf response and physiological adaption to saline alkali stress across pH values in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:140-152. [PMID: 34352517 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a critical factor limiting growth and causing physiological dysfunction in plants. The damage from alkaline salt in most plants is significantly greater than that from neutral salt. However, there is still a lack of research on the action mechanism by which saline alkali stress on plants under the same salt concentration across different pH values. The present study examined the effects of different pH values (7.0, 8.0, 9.0, and 10.0) under the same salt concentration (200 mmolL-1) on photosynthetic function, photoprotective mechanism, nitrogen metabolism, and osmotic regulation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) leaves, including a transcriptomic analysis of changes in gene expression related to the above metabolic processes. The results showed that low pH saline alkali stress (pH 7.0 and 8.0) promoted chlorophyll synthesis in alfalfa leaves, and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and cyclic electron transfer (CEF) were promoted. There was no significant effect on plant growth or photochemical activity. The soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein contents did not change significantly, and there was no obvious oxidative damage in alfalfa leaves. However, when pH increased to 9.0 and 10.0, KEGG enrichment analysis showed that photosynthesis (map00195) and nitrogen metabolism (map00910) were significantly enriched (P < 0.05), and PSII antenna protein coding genes were down-regulated under pH 9.0 and 10.0 treatments. The activities of PSII and PSI were decreased under high pH saline alkali stress, and the expression levels of the photosynthetic electron transporter-related genes PetA, PetB, petE, and petF were also significantly down-regulated. PSII was more sensitive to high pH saline alkali stress than PSI, and the PSII receptor side was more sensitive to high pH saline alkali stress than the PSII donor side. The activities of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) and PSI were significantly damaged only at pH 10.0. The activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR), the expression levels of their genes, and the content of soluble protein were also decreased under pH 9.0 and 10.0 treatments. The inhibition of plant growth and oxidative damage to alfalfa leaves caused by high pH saline alkali stress were mainly related to the inhibition of photosynthesis (light energy absorption, electron transfer) and nitrogen metabolism (NO3- reduction). Under high pH saline alkali stress (pH 10.0), the photoprotection mechanisms such as CEF and NPQ were inhibited, which was also one of the important reasons for photoinhibition in alfalfa leaves. The accumulation of osmotic adjustment substances, such as soluble sugar and proline, was an important mechanism by which alfalfa physiologically adapted to high pH alkaline salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiechen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanhui Che
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bei Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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21
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SNP Development in Penaeus vannamei via Next-Generation Sequencing and DNA Pool Sequencing. FISHES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes6030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing and pool sequencing have been widely used in SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) detection and population genetics research; however, there are few reports on SNPs related to the growth of Penaeus vannamei. The purpose of this study was to call SNPs from rapid-growing (RG) and slow-growing (SG) individuals’ transcriptomes and use DNA pool sequencing to assess the reliability of SNPs. Two parameters were applied to detect SNPs. One parameter was the p-values generated using Fisher’s exact test, which were used to calculate the significance of allele frequency differences between RG and SG. The other one was the AFI (minor allele frequency imbalance), which was defined to highlight the fold changes in MAF (minor allele frequency) values between RG and SG. There were 216,015 hypothetical SNPs, which were obtained based on the transcriptome data. Finally, 104 high-quality SNPs and 96,819 low-quality SNPs were predicted. Then, 18 high-quality SNPs and 17 low-quality SNPs were selected to assess the reliability of the detection process. Here, 72.22% (13/18) accuracy was achieved for high-quality SNPs, while only 52.94% (9/17) accuracy was achieved for low-quality SNPs. These SNPs enrich the data for population genetics studies of P. vannamei and may play a role in the development of SNP markers for future breeding studies.
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Yolcu S, Alavilli H, Ganesh P, Panigrahy M, Song K. Salt and Drought Stress Responses in Cultivated Beets ( Beta vulgaris L.) and Wild Beet ( Beta maritima L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1843. [PMID: 34579375 PMCID: PMC8472689 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cultivated beets, including leaf beets, garden beets, fodder beets, and sugar beets, which belong to the species Beta vulgaris L., are economically important edible crops that have been originated from a halophytic wild ancestor, Beta maritima L. (sea beet or wild beet). Salt and drought are major abiotic stresses, which limit crop growth and production and have been most studied in beets compared to other environmental stresses. Characteristically, beets are salt- and drought-tolerant crops; however, prolonged and persistent exposure to salt and drought stress results in a significant drop in beet productivity and yield. Hence, to harness the best benefits of beet cultivation, knowledge of stress-coping strategies, and stress-tolerant beet varieties, are prerequisites. In the current review, we have summarized morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of sugar beet, fodder beet, red beet, chard (B. vulgaris L.), and their ancestor, wild beet (B. maritima L.) under salt and drought stresses. We have also described the beet genes and noncoding RNAs previously reported for their roles in salt and drought response/tolerance. The plant biologists and breeders can potentiate the utilization of these resources as prospective targets for developing crops with abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seher Yolcu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Pushpalatha Ganesh
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Khurda 761211, Odisha, India;
| | - Madhusmita Panigrahy
- Biofuel & Bioprocessing Research Center, Institute of Technical Education & Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar 751030, Odisha, India;
| | - Kihwan Song
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
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Gan T, Lin Z, Bao L, Hui T, Cui X, Huang Y, Wang H, Su C, Jiao F, Zhang M, Qian Y. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Tolerant and Sensitive Varieties Reveals That Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Contributes to Salt Tolerance in Mulberry. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9402. [PMID: 34502318 PMCID: PMC8431035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry, an important woody tree, has strong tolerance to environmental stresses, including salinity, drought, and heavy metal stress. However, the current research on mulberry resistance focuses mainly on the selection of resistant resources and the determination of physiological indicators. In order to clarify the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in mulberry, the physiological changes and proteomic profiles were comprehensively analyzed in salt-tolerant (Jisang3) and salt-sensitive (Guisangyou12) mulberry varieties. After salt treatment, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and proline content were significantly increased compared to control, and the MDA and proline content in G12 was significantly lower than in Jisang3 under salt stress. The calcium content was significantly reduced in the salt-sensitive mulberry varieties Guisangyou12 (G12), while sodium content was significantly increased in both mulberry varieties. Although the Jisang3 is salt-tolerant, salt stress caused more reductions of photosynthetic rate in Jisang3 than Guisangyou12. Using tandem mass tags (TMT)-based proteomics, the changes of mulberry proteome levels were analyzed in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive mulberry varieties under salt stress. Combined with GO and KEGG databases, the differentially expressed proteins were significantly enriched in the GO terms of amino acid transport and metabolism and posttranslational modification, protein turnover up-classified in Guisangyou12 while down-classified in Jisang3. Through the comparison of proteomic level, we identified the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis may play an important role in salt tolerance of mulberry. We clarified the molecular mechanism of mulberry salt tolerance, which is of great significance for the selection of excellent candidate genes for saline-alkali soil management and mulberry stress resistance genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Minjuan Zhang
- The Sericultural and Silk Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (T.G.); (Z.L.); (L.B.); (T.H.); (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (F.J.)
| | - Yonghua Qian
- The Sericultural and Silk Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (T.G.); (Z.L.); (L.B.); (T.H.); (X.C.); (Y.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (F.J.)
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24
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Zhao S, Zhang Q, Liu M, Zhou H, Ma C, Wang P. Regulation of Plant Responses to Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094609. [PMID: 33924753 PMCID: PMC8125386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is a major environmental stress that affects plant growth and development. Plants are sessile and thus have to develop suitable mechanisms to adapt to high-salt environments. Salt stress increases the intracellular osmotic pressure and can cause the accumulation of sodium to toxic levels. Thus, in response to salt stress signals, plants adapt via various mechanisms, including regulating ion homeostasis, activating the osmotic stress pathway, mediating plant hormone signaling, and regulating cytoskeleton dynamics and the cell wall composition. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying these physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress could provide valuable strategies to improve agricultural crop yields. In this review, we summarize recent developments in our understanding of the regulation of plant salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (P.W.); Tel.: +86-531-8618-0792 (S.Z.); Fax: +86-531-8618-0792 (P.W.)
| | - Qikun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Huapeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China;
| | - Changle Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Pingping Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (P.W.); Tel.: +86-531-8618-0792 (S.Z.); Fax: +86-531-8618-0792 (P.W.)
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25
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Functional Characterization of a Sugar Beet BvbHLH93 Transcription Factor in Salt Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073669. [PMID: 33915978 PMCID: PMC8037259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic/helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) plays an important role for plant growth, development, and stress responses. Previously, proteomics of NaCl treated sugar beet leaves revealed that a bHLH TF, BvbHLH93, was significantly increased under salt stress. The BvbHLH93 protein localized in the nucleus and exhibited activation activity. The expression of BvbHLH93 was significantly up-regulated in roots and leaves by salt stress, and the highest expression level in roots and leaves was 24 and 48 h after salt stress, respectively. Furthermore, constitutive expression of BvbHLH93 conferred enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis, as indicated by longer roots and higher content of chlorophyll than wild type. Additionally, the ectopic expression lines accumulated less Na+ and MDA, but more K+ than the WT. Overexpression of the BvBHLH93 enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes by positively regulating the expression of antioxidant genes SOD and POD. Compared to WT, the overexpression plants also had low expression levels of RbohD and RbohF, which are involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These results suggest that BvbHLH93 plays a key role in enhancing salt stress tolerance by enhancing antioxidant enzymes and decreasing ROS generation.
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Geng G, Wang G, Stevanato P, Lv C, Wang Q, Yu L, Wang Y. Physiological and Proteomic Analysis of Different Molecular Mechanisms of Sugar Beet Response to Acidic and Alkaline pH Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:682799. [PMID: 34178001 PMCID: PMC8220161 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil pH is a major constraint to crop plant growth and production. Limited data are available on sugar beet growth status under different pH conditions. In this study, we analyzed the growth status and phenotype of sugar beet under pH 5, pH 7.5, and pH 9.5. It was found that the growth of sugar beet was best at pH 9.5 and worst at pH 5. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves and roots increased as pH decreased from 9.5 to 5. Moreover, compared with pH 9.5, the levels of soluble sugar and proline in leaves increased significantly at pH 5. To explore the mechanisms of sugar beet response to different soil pH environments, we hypothesized that proteins play an important role in plant response to acidic and alkaline pH environment. Thus, the proteome changes in sugar beet modulated by pH treatment were accessed by TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis. A total of three groups of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (pH 5 vs. pH 7.5, pH 9.5 vs. pH7.5 and pH 5 vs. pH 9.5) were identified in the leaves and roots of sugar beet. Several key proteins related to the difference of sugar beet response to acid (pH 5) and alkaline (pH 9.5) and involved in response to acid stress were detected and discussed. Moreover, based on proteomics results, QRT-PCR analysis confirmed that expression levels of three N transporters (NTR1, NRT2.1, and NRT2.5) in roots were relatively high under alkaline conditions (pH 9.5) compared with pH 5 or pH 7.5. The total nitrogen content of pH 9.5 in sugar beet was significantly higher than that of pH 7.5 and pH 5. These studies increase our understanding of the molecular mechanism of sugar beet response to different pH environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Geng
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Center of Technology Innovation, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- DAFNAE, Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chunhua Lv
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Center of Technology Innovation, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Center of Technology Innovation, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- National Sugar Crop Improvement Centre, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Center of Technology Innovation, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yuguang Wang,
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27
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Yan X, Guo J. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses of yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia) provide important insights into salt and saline-alkali stress tolerance. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244365. [PMID: 33351842 PMCID: PMC7755187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia) is an oil-rich woody plant cultivated for bio-energy production in China. Soil saline-alkalization is a prominent agricultural-related environmental problem limiting plant growth and productivity. In this study, we performed comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses to examine the mechanisms of X. sorbifolia seedling responding to salt and alkaline-salt stress. With the exception of chlorophyll content, physiological experiments revealed significant increases in all assessed indices in response to salt and saline-alkali treatments. Notably, compared with salt stress, we observed more pronounced changes in electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in response to saline-alkali stress, which may contribute to the greater toxicity of saline-alkali soils. In total, 3,087 and 2,715 genes were differentially expressed in response to salt and saline-alkali treatments, respectively, among which carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, starch and sucrose metabolism, and reactive oxygen species signaling networks were extensively enriched, and transcription factor families of bHLH, C2H2, bZIP, NAC, and ERF were transcriptionally activated. Moreover, relative to salt stress, saline-alkali stress activated more significant upregulation of genes related to H+ transport, indicating that regulation of intracellular pH may play an important role in coping with saline-alkali stress. These findings provide new insights for investigating the physiological changes and molecular mechanisms underlying the responses of X. sorbifolia to salt and saline-alkali stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Oil Tree Cultivation and Research, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Oil Tree Cultivation and Research, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xingrong Yan
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Oil Tree Cultivation and Research, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinping Guo
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Oil Tree Cultivation and Research, Taigu, Shanxi, China
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28
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Feng YN, Cui JQ, Zhou T, Liu Y, Yue CP, Huang JY, Hua YP. Comprehensive dissection into morpho-physiologic responses, ionomic homeostasis, and transcriptomic profiling reveals the systematic resistance of allotetraploid rapeseed to salinity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:534. [PMID: 33228523 PMCID: PMC7685620 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity severely inhibit crop growth, yield, and quality worldwide. Allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), a major glycophyte oil crop, is susceptible to salinity. Understanding the physiological and molecular strategies of rapeseed salinity resistance is a promising and cost-effective strategy for developing highly resistant cultivars. RESULTS First, early leaf senescence was identified and root system growth was inhibited in rapeseed plants under severe salinity conditions. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that 200 mM NaCl induced fewer leaf trichomes and stoma, cell plasmolysis, and chloroplast degradation. Primary and secondary metabolite assays showed that salinity led to an obviously increased anthocyanin, osmoregulatory substances, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, pectin, cellulose, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidant activity, and resulted in markedly decreased photosynthetic pigments, indoleacetic acid, cytokinin, gibberellin, and lignin. ICP-MS assisted ionomics showed that salinity significantly constrained the absorption of essential elements, including the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, mangnese, copper, zinc, and boron nutrients, and induced the increase in the sodium/potassium ratio. Genome-wide transcriptomics revealed that the differentially expressed genes were involved mainly in photosynthesis, stimulus response, hormone signal biosynthesis/transduction, and nutrient transport under salinity. CONCLUSIONS The high-resolution salt-responsive gene expression profiling helped the efficient characterization of central members regulating plant salinity resistance. These findings might enhance integrated comprehensive understanding of the morpho-physiologic and molecular responses to salinity and provide elite genetic resources for the genetic modification of salinity-resistant crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-na Feng
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Jia-qian Cui
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Cai-peng Yue
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Jin-yong Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Ying-peng Hua
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
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An M, Wang X, Chang D, Wang S, Hong D, Fan H, Wang K. Application of compound material alleviates saline and alkaline stress in cotton leaves through regulation of the transcriptome. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:462. [PMID: 33032521 PMCID: PMC7542905 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinization and alkalinization are the main factors that affect the agricultural productivity. Evaluating the persistence of the compound material applied in field soils is an important part of the regulation of the responses of cotton to saline and alkaline stresses. RESULT To determine the molecular effects of compound material on the cotton's responses to saline stress and alkaline stress, cotton was planted in the salinized soil (NaCl 8 g kg- 1) and alkalized soil (Na2CO3 8 g kg- 1) after application of the compound material, and ion content, physiological characteristics, and transcription of new cotton leaves at flowering and boll-forming stage were analyzed. The results showed that compared with saline stress, alkaline stress increased the contents of Na+, K+, SOD, and MDA in leaves. The application of the compound material reduced the content of Na+ but increased the K+/Na+ ratio, the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT, and REC. Transcriptome analysis revealed that after the application of the compound material, the Na+/H+ exchanger gene in cotton leaves was down-regulated, while the K+ transporter, K+ channel, and POD genes were up-regulated. Besides, the down-regulation of genes related to lignin synthesis in phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway had a close relationship with the ion content and physiological characteristics in leaves. The quantitative analysis with PCR proved the reliability of the results of RNA sequencing. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the compound material alleviated saline stress and alkaline stress on cotton leaves by regulating candidate genes in key biological pathways, which improves our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the compound material regulating the responses of cotton to saline stress and alkaline stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie An
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Doudou Chang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dashuang Hong
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Fan
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyong Wang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China.
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Transcriptomic Analysis of Short-Term Salt Stress Response in Watermelon Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176036. [PMID: 32839408 PMCID: PMC7504276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) is a widely popular vegetable fruit crop for human consumption. Soil salinity is among the most critical problems for agricultural production, food security, and sustainability. The transcriptomic and the primary molecular mechanisms that underlie the salt-induced responses in watermelon plants remain uncertain. In this study, the photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II, free amino acids, and transcriptome profiles of watermelon seedlings exposed to short-term salt stress (300 mM NaCl) were analyzed to identify the genes and pathways associated with response to salt stress. We observed that the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II decreased in salt-stressed plants. Most free amino acids in the leaves of salt-stressed plants increased many folds, while the percent distribution of glutamate and glutamine relative to the amino acid pool decreased. Transcriptome analysis revealed 7622 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under salt stress, of which 4055 were up-regulated. The GO analysis showed that the molecular function term “transcription factor (TF) activity” was enriched. The assembled transcriptome demonstrated up-regulation of 240 and down-regulation of 194 differentially expressed TFs, of which the members of ERF, WRKY, NAC bHLH, and MYB-related families were over-represented. The functional significance of DEGs associated with endocytosis, amino acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, and hormonal pathways in response to salt stress are discussed. The findings from this study provide novel insights into the salt tolerance mechanism in watermelon.
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Liu L, Wang B, Liu D, Zou C, Wu P, Wang Z, Wang Y, Li C. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal mechanisms of adaptation to salinity in which carbon and nitrogen metabolism is altered in sugar beet roots. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:138. [PMID: 32245415 PMCID: PMC7118825 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta vulgaris L. is one of the main sugar-producing crop species and is highly adaptable to saline soil. This study explored the alterations to the carbon and nitrogen metabolism mechanisms enabling the roots of sugar beet seedlings to adapt to salinity. RESULTS The ionome, metabolome, and transcriptome of the roots of sugar beet seedlings were evaluated after 1 day (short term) and 7 days (long term) of 300 mM Na+ treatment. Salt stress caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage and ion toxicity in the roots. Interestingly, under salt stress, the increase in the Na+/K+ ratio compared to the control ratio on day 7 was lower than that on day 1 in the roots. The transcriptomic results showed that a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in various metabolic pathways. A total of 1279 and 903 DEGs were identified on days 1 and 7, respectively, and were mapped mainly to 10 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Most of the genes were involved in carbon metabolism and amino acid (AA) biosynthesis. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis revealed that sucrose metabolism and the activity of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle increased in response to salt stress. After 1 day of stress, the content of sucrose decreased, whereas the content of organic acids (OAs) such as L-malic acid and 2-oxoglutaric acid increased. After 7 days of salt stress, nitrogen-containing metabolites such as AAs, betaine, melatonin, and (S)-2-aminobutyric acid increased significantly. In addition, multiomic analysis revealed that the expression of the gene encoding xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) was upregulated and that the expression of the gene encoding allantoinase (ALN) was significantly downregulated, resulting in a large accumulation of allantoin. Correlation analysis revealed that most genes were significantly related to only allantoin and xanthosine. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that carbon and nitrogen metabolism was altered in the roots of sugar beet plants under salt stress. Nitrogen metabolism plays a major role in the late stages of salt stress. Allantoin, which is involved in the purine metabolic pathway, may be a key regulator of sugar beet salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Chunlei Zou
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Peiran Wu
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Yubo Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Caifeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
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Lai Y, Zhang D, Wang J, Wang J, Ren P, Yao L, Si E, Kong Y, Wang H. Integrative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of Molecular Mechanism Responding to Salt Stress during Seed Germination in Hulless Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010359. [PMID: 31935789 PMCID: PMC6981547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) is one of the most important crops in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Soil salinity seriously affects its cultivation. To investigate the mechanism of salt stress response during seed germination, two contrasting hulless barley genotypes were selected to first investigate the molecular mechanism of seed salinity response during the germination stage using RNA-sequencing and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation technologies. Compared to the salt-sensitive landrace lk621, the salt-tolerant one lk573 germinated normally under salt stress. The changes in hormone contents also differed between lk621 and lk573. In lk573, 1597 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 171 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were specifically detected at 4 h after salt stress, and correspondingly, 2748 and 328 specifically detected at 16 h. Most specific DEGs in lk573 were involved in response to oxidative stress, biosynthetic process, protein localization, and vesicle-mediated transport, and most specific DEPs were assigned to an oxidation-reduction process, carbohydrate metabolic process, and protein phosphorylation. There were 96 genes specifically differentially expressed at both transcriptomic and proteomic levels in lk573. These results revealed the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance and provided candidate genes for further study and salt-tolerant improvement in hulless barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lai
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Jinmin Wang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Panrong Ren
- Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lirong Yao
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Erjing Si
- Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuhua Kong
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.L.); (D.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Huajun Wang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (H.W.)
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Geng G, Li R, Stevanato P, Lv C, Lu Z, Yu L, Wang Y. Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis of Sugar Beet Reveals Different Mechanisms of Response to Neutral Salt and Alkaline Salt Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571864. [PMID: 33193507 PMCID: PMC7604294 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The salinization and alkalization of soil are widespread environmental problems. Sugar beet (B. vulgaris L.) is a moderately salt tolerant glycophyte, but little is known about the different mechanisms of sugar beet response to salt and alkaline stresses. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of neutral salt (NaCl:Na2SO4, 1:1) and alkaline salt (Na2CO3) treatment on physiological and transcriptome changes in sugar beet. We found that a low level of neutral salt (NaCl:Na2SO4; 1:1, Na+ 25 mM) or alkaline salt (Na2CO3, Na+ 25 mM) significantly enhanced total biomass, leaf area and photosynthesis indictors in sugar beet. Under a high concentration of alkaline salt (Na2CO3, Na+ 100 mM), the growth of plants was not significantly affected compared with the control. But a high level of neutral salt (NaCl: Na2SO4; 1:1, Na+ 100 mM) significantly inhibited plant growth and photosynthesis. Furthermore, sugar beet tends to synthesize higher levels of soluble sugar and reducing sugar to cope with high neutral salt stress, and more drastic changes in indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents were detected. We used next-generation RNA-Seq technique to analyze transcriptional changes under neutral salt and alkaline salt treatment in sugar beet. Overall, 4,773 and 2,251 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in leaves and roots, respectively. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that genes involving cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis had simultaneously changed expression under low neutral salt or alkaline salt, so these genes may be related to stimulating sugar beet growth in both low salt treatments. Genes enriched in monoterpenoid biosynthesis, amino acids metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism were specifically regulated to respond to the high alkaline salt. Meanwhile, compared with high alkaline salt, high neutral salt induced the expression change of genes involved in DNA replication, and decreased the expression of genes participating in cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, and linoleic acid metabolism. These results indicate the presence of different mechanisms responsible for sugar beet responses to neutral salt and alkaline salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Geng
- Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Center of Technology Innovation, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Renren Li
- College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- DAFNAE, Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Chunhua Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Center of Technology Innovation, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Center of Technology Innovation, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Heilongjiang Sugar Beet Center of Technology Innovation, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yuguang Wang,
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Meng X, Liu S, Dong T, Xu T, Ma D, Pan S, Li Z, Zhu M. Comparative Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Salt-Tolerant and Salt-Sensitive Sweet Potato and Overexpression of IbNAC7 Confers Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:572540. [PMID: 32973858 PMCID: PMC7481572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.572540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major devastating factors affecting the growth and yield of almost all crops, including the crucial staple food crop sweet potato. To understand their molecular responses to salt stress, comparative transcriptome and proteome analysis of salt-tolerant cultivar Xushu 22 and salt-sensitive cultivar Xushu 32 were investigated. The results showed the two genotypes had distinct differences at the transcription level and translation level even without salt stress, while inconsistent expression between the transcriptome and proteome data was observed. A total of 16,396 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 727 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Wherein, 1,764 DEGs and 93 DEPs were specifically expressed in the tolerant genotype. Furthermore, the results revealed that the significantly upregulated genes were mainly related to the regulation of ion accumulation, stress signaling, transcriptional regulation, redox reactions, plant hormone signal transduction, and secondary metabolite accumulation, which may be involved in the response of sweet potato to salt stress and/or may determine the salt tolerance difference between the two genotypes. In addition, 1,618 differentially expressed regulatory genes were identified, including bZIP, bHLH, ERF, MYB, NAC, and WRKY. Strikingly, transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing IbNAC7 displayed enhanced salt tolerance compared to WT plants, and higher catalase (CAT) activity, chlorophyll and proline contents, and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were detected in transgenic plants compared with that of WT under salt stress. Furthermore, RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis displayed that the expression of many stress-related genes was upregulated in transgenic plants. Collectively, these findings provide revealing insights into sweet potato molecular response to salt stress and underlie the complex salt tolerance mechanisms between genotypes, and IbNAC7 was shown as a promising candidate gene to enhance salt tolerance of sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Meng
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Dong
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Daifu Ma
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweet Potato Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Xuzhou, China
| | - Shenyuan Pan
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zongyun Li
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongyun Li, ; Mingku Zhu,
| | - Mingku Zhu
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics & Comparative Genomics, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongyun Li, ; Mingku Zhu,
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