1
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Zhang S, Lou S, Bian W, Liu J, Wang R, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zou X, Jin D, Liang Y, Sun J, Liu L. Selective eradication of venetoclax-resistant monocytic acute myeloid leukemia with iron oxide nanozymes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 719:150117. [PMID: 38761635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The clinical treatment of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rapidly progressing from chemotherapy to targeted therapies led by the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax (VEN). Despite its unprecedented success, VEN still encounters clinical resistance. Thus, uncovering the biological vulnerability of VEN-resistant AML disease and identifying effective therapies to treat them are urgently needed. We have previously demonstrated that iron oxide nanozymes (IONE) are capable of overcoming chemoresistance in AML. The current study reports a new activity of IONE in overcoming VEN resistance. Specifically, we revealed an aberrant redox balance with excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in VEN-resistant monocytic AML. Treatment with IONE potently induced ROS-dependent cell death in monocytic AML in both cell lines and primary AML models. In primary AML with developmental heterogeneity containing primitive and monocytic subpopulations, IONE selectively eradicated the VEN-resistant ROS-high monocytic subpopulation, successfully resolving the challenge of developmental heterogeneity faced by VEN. Overall, our study revealed an aberrant redox balance as a therapeutic target for monocytic AML and identified a candidate IONE that could selectively and potently eradicate VEN-resistant monocytic disease.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Ferric Compounds/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqi Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Shang Lou
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Wei Bian
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zou
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Diange Jin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Lina Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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2
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Auberger P, Favreau C, Savy C, Jacquel A, Robert G. Emerging role of glutathione peroxidase 4 in myeloid cell lineage development and acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:98. [PMID: 38977956 PMCID: PMC11229210 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Gluthatione Peroxidase also called Glutathione Peroxidase 4 is one of the 25 described human selenoproteins. It plays an essential role in eliminating toxic lipid hydroxy peroxides, thus inhibiting ferroptosis and favoring cell survival. GPX4 is differentially expressed according to myeloid differentiation stage, exhibiting lower expression in hematopoietic stem cells and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, while harboring higher level of expression in common myeloid progenitors and monocytes. In addition, GPX4 is highly expressed in most of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtypes compared to normal hematopoietic stem cells. High GPX4 expression is consistently correlated to poor prognosis in patients suffering AML. However, the role of GPX4 in the development of the myeloid lineage and in the initiation and progression of myeloid leukemia remains poorly explored. Given its essential role in the detoxification of lipid hydroperoxides, and its overexpression in most of myeloid malignancies, GPX4 inhibition has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to specifically trigger ferroptosis and eradicate myeloid leukemia cells. In this review, we describe the most recent advances concerning the role of GPX4 and, more generally ferroptosis in the myeloid lineage and in the emergence of AML. We also discuss the therapeutic interest and limitations of GPX4 inhibition alone or in combination with other drugs as innovative therapies to treat AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Auberger
- University of Nice Cote d'Azur (UniCA), Nice, France.
- Mediterranean Centre for Molecular Medicine, C3M, Inserm U1065, Team 2 "Innovative Therapies in Myeloid Leukemia", Nice, France.
| | | | - Coline Savy
- University of Nice Cote d'Azur (UniCA), Nice, France
- Mediterranean Centre for Molecular Medicine, C3M, Inserm U1065, Team 2 "Innovative Therapies in Myeloid Leukemia", Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- University of Nice Cote d'Azur (UniCA), Nice, France
- Mediterranean Centre for Molecular Medicine, C3M, Inserm U1065, Team 2 "Innovative Therapies in Myeloid Leukemia", Nice, France
| | - Guillaume Robert
- University of Nice Cote d'Azur (UniCA), Nice, France.
- Mediterranean Centre for Molecular Medicine, C3M, Inserm U1065, Team 2 "Innovative Therapies in Myeloid Leukemia", Nice, France.
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Bueno MLP, Foglio MA, Baréa P, de Oliveira AR, Sarragiotto MH, Saad STO, Roversi FM. β-Carboline derivatives are potent against Acute Myeloid Leukemia in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacol Rep 2024:10.1007/s43440-024-00614-4. [PMID: 38902478 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-carboline alkaloids exert a distinguished ability to impair cell growth and induce cell death in a variety of cancers and the evaluation of such new therapeutic candidates may denote new possibilities for leukemia treatment. In this present study, we screened 12 β-carboline derivatives containing different substituents at 1- and 3-positions of β-carboline nucleus for their antineoplastic activities in a panel of leukemia cell lines. METHODS The cytotoxic effects of the β-carboline derivatives were evaluated in different leukemia cell lines as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, autophagy, and important signaling pathways. RESULTS Treatment with the β-carboline derivatives resulted in a potent antineoplastic activity leading to a reduced cell viability that was associated with increased cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, the treatment of primary mononuclear cells isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors with the β-carboline derivatives showed a minor change in cell survival. The antineoplastic activity occurs by blocking ROS production causing consequent interruption of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling and modulating autophagy processes. Notably, in vivo, AML burden was diminished in peripheral blood and bone marrow of a xenograft mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that β-carboline derivatives have an on-target malignant cell-killing activity and may be promising candidates for treating leukemia cells by disrupting crucial events that promote leukemia expansion and chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Lima Pereira Bueno
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas, 480 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13083-878, Brazil
| | - Mary Ann Foglio
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas, 480 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13083-878, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Baréa
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sara T Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas, 480 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13083-878, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Marconi Roversi
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas, 480 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13083-878, Brazil.
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 300322, USA.
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Majirská M, Pilátová MB, Kudličková Z, Vojtek M, Diniz C. Targeting hematological malignancies with isoxazole derivatives. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104059. [PMID: 38871112 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Compounds with a heterocyclic isoxazole ring are well known for their diverse biologic activities encompassing antimicrobial, antipsychotic, immunosuppressive, antidiabetic and anticancer effects. Recent studies on hematological malignancies have also shown that some of the isoxazole-derived compounds feature encouraging cancer selectivity, low toxicity to normal cells and ability to overcome cancer drug resistance of conventional treatments. These characteristics are particularly promising because patients with hematological malignancies face poor clinical outcomes caused by cancer drug resistance or relapse of the disease. This review summarizes the knowledge on isoxazole-derived compounds toward hematological malignancies and provides clues on their mechanism(s) of action (apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, ROS production) and putative pharmacological targets (c-Myc, BET, ATR, FLT3, HSP90, CARM1, tubulin, PD-1/PD-L1, HDACs) wherever known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Majirská
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Bago Pilátová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Kudličková
- NMR Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Vojtek
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carmen Diniz
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Bruserud Ø, Selheim F, Hernandez-Valladares M, Reikvam H. Monocytic Differentiation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells: Diagnostic Criteria, Biological Heterogeneity, Mitochondrial Metabolism, Resistance to and Induction by Targeted Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6356. [PMID: 38928061 PMCID: PMC11203697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We review the importance of monocytic differentiation and differentiation induction in non-APL (acute promyelocytic leukemia) variants of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a malignancy characterized by proliferation of immature myeloid cells. Even though the cellular differentiation block is a fundamental characteristic, the AML cells can show limited signs of differentiation. According to the French-American-British (FAB-M4/M5 subset) and the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 classifications, monocytic differentiation is characterized by morphological signs and the expression of specific molecular markers involved in cellular communication and adhesion. Furthermore, monocytic FAB-M4/M5 patients are heterogeneous with regards to cytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities, and monocytic differentiation does not have any major prognostic impact for these patients when receiving conventional intensive cytotoxic therapy. In contrast, FAB-M4/M5 patients have decreased susceptibility to the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax, and this seems to be due to common molecular characteristics involving mitochondrial regulation of the cellular metabolism and survival, including decreased dependency on Bcl-2 compared to other AML patients. Thus, the susceptibility to Bcl-2 inhibition does not only depend on general resistance/susceptibility mechanisms known from conventional AML therapy but also specific mechanisms involving the molecular target itself or the molecular context of the target. AML cell differentiation status is also associated with susceptibility to other targeted therapies (e.g., CDK2/4/6 and bromodomain inhibition), and differentiation induction seems to be a part of the antileukemic effect for several targeted anti-AML therapies. Differentiation-associated molecular mechanisms may thus become important in the future implementation of targeted therapies in human AML.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Cell Differentiation
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/pathology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Bruserud
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (H.R.)
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode Selheim
- Proteomics Unit of University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Maria Hernandez-Valladares
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (H.R.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Acute Leukemia Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (H.R.)
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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6
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Schauner R, Cress J, Hong C, Wald D, Ramakrishnan P. Single cell and bulk RNA expression analyses identify enhanced hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-GlcNAcylation in acute myeloid leukemia blasts and stem cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1327405. [PMID: 38601153 PMCID: PMC11004450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1327405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults with an overall poor prognosis and high relapse rate. Multiple factors including genetic abnormalities, differentiation defects and altered cellular metabolism contribute to AML development and progression. Though the roles of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis are defined in AML, the role of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), which regulates the O-GlcNAcylation of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins, remains poorly defined. Methods We studied the expression of the key enzymes involved in the HBP in AML blasts and stem cells by RNA sequencing at the single-cell and bulk level. We performed flow cytometry to study OGT protein expression and global O-GlcNAcylation. We studied the functional effects of inhibiting O-GlcNAcylation on transcriptional activation in AML cells by Western blotting and real time PCR and on cell cycle by flow cytometry. Results We found higher expression levels of the key enzymes in the HBP in AML as compared to healthy donors in whole blood. We observed elevated O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) expression in AML stem and bulk cells as compared to normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We also found that both AML bulk cells and stem cells show significantly enhanced OGT protein expression and global O-GlcNAcylation as compared to normal HSPCs, validating our in silico findings. Gene set analysis showed substantial enrichment of the NF-κB pathway in AML cells expressing high OGT levels. Inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation decreased NF-κB nuclear translocation and the expression of selected NF-κB-dependent genes controlling cell cycle. It also blocked cell cycle progression suggesting a link between enhanced O-GlcNAcylation and NF-κB activation in AML cell survival and proliferation. Discussion Our study suggests the HBP may prove a potential target, alone or in combination with other therapeutic approaches, to impact both AML blasts and stem cells. Moreover, as insufficient targeting of AML stem cells by traditional chemotherapy is thought to lead to relapse, blocking HBP and O-GlcNAcylation in AML stem cells may represent a novel promising target to control relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schauner
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Jordan Cress
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Changjin Hong
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - David Wald
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Parameswaran Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pathology, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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7
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Gu Z, Zhong D, Hou X, Wei X, Liu C, Zhang Y, Duan Z, Gu Z, Gong Q, Luo K. Unraveling Ros Conversion Through Enhanced Enzyme-Like Activity with Copper-Doped Cerium Oxide for Tumor Nanocatalytic Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307154. [PMID: 38161213 PMCID: PMC10953536 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Nanozyme catalytic therapy for cancer treatments has become one of the heated topics, and the therapeutic efficacy is highly correlated with their catalytic efficiency. In this work, three copper-doped CeO2 supports with various structures as well as crystal facets are developed to realize dual enzyme-mimic catalytic activities, that is superoxide dismutase (SOD) to reduce superoxide radicals to H2 O2 and peroxidase (POD) to transform H2 O2 to ∙OH. The wire-shaped CeO2 /Cu-W has the richest surface oxygen vacancies, and a low level of oxygen vacancy (Vo) formation energy, which allows for the elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen spieces (ROS) and continuous transformation to ∙OH with cascade reaction. Moreover, the wire-shaped CeO2 /Cu-W displays the highest toxic ∙OH production capacity in an acidic intracellular environment, inducing breast cancer cell death and pro-apoptotic autophagy. Therefore, wire-shaped CeO2 /Cu nanoparticles as an artificial enzyme system can have great potential in the intervention of intracellular ROS in cancer cells, achieving efficacious nanocatalytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiang Gu
- Department of RadiologyHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Dan Zhong
- Department of RadiologyHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xingyu Hou
- Department of RadiologyHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xuelian Wei
- Department of RadiologyHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Caikun Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan University29 Wangjiang RoadChengdu610064China
| | - Yechuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Zhenyu Duan
- Department of RadiologyHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Department of RadiologyHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of RadiologyHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provinceand Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengdu610041China
| | - Kui Luo
- Department of RadiologyHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)Frontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provinceand Research Unit of PsychoradiologyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesChengdu610041China
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8
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Khorashad JS, Rizzo S, Tonks A. Reactive oxygen species and its role in pathogenesis and resistance to therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:5. [PMID: 38434766 PMCID: PMC10905166 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Relapse following a short clinical response to therapy is the major challenge for the management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Leukemic stem cells (LSC), as the source of relapse, have been investigated for their metabolic preferences and their alterations at the time of relapse. As LSC rely on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy requirement, reactive oxygen species (ROS), as by-products of OXPHOS, have been investigated for their role in the effectiveness of the standard AML therapy. Increased levels of non-mitochondrial ROS, generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, in a subgroup of AML patients add to the complexity of studying ROS. Although there are various studies presenting the contribution of ROS to AML pathogenesis, resistance, and its inhibition or activation as a target, a model that can clearly explain its role in AML has not been conceptualized. This is due to the heterogeneity of AML, the dynamics of ROS production, which is influenced by factors such as the type of treatment, cell differentiation state, mitochondrial activity, and also the heterogeneous generation of non-mitochondrial ROS and limited available data on their interaction with the microenvironment. This review summarizes these challenges and the recent progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Sorouri Khorashad
- Department of Immunology and inflammation, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sian Rizzo
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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9
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Cunningham A, Oudejans LL, Geugien M, Pereira-Martins DA, Wierenga ATJ, Erdem A, Sternadt D, Huls G, Schuringa JJ. The nonessential amino acid cysteine is required to prevent ferroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2024; 8:56-69. [PMID: 37906522 PMCID: PMC10784682 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cysteine is a nonessential amino acid required for protein synthesis, the generation of the antioxidant glutathione, and for synthesizing the nonproteinogenic amino acid taurine. Here, we highlight the broad sensitivity of leukemic stem and progenitor cells to cysteine depletion. By CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein 9-mediated knockout of cystathionine-γ-lyase, the cystathionine-to-cysteine converting enzyme, and by metabolite supplementation studies upstream of cysteine, we functionally prove that cysteine is not synthesized from methionine in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Therefore, although perhaps nutritionally nonessential, cysteine must be imported for survival of these specific cell types. Depletion of cyst(e)ine increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and cell death was induced predominantly as a consequence of glutathione deprivation. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase inhibition strongly rescued viability after cysteine depletion, highlighting this as an important source of ROS in AML. ROS-induced cell death was mediated via ferroptosis, and inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which functions in reducing lipid peroxides, was also highly toxic. We therefore propose that GPX4 is likely key in mediating the antioxidant activity of glutathione. In line, inhibition of the ROS scavenger thioredoxin reductase with auranofin also impaired cell viability, whereby we find that oxidative phosphorylation-driven AML subtypes, in particular, are highly dependent on thioredoxin-mediated protection against ferroptosis. Although inhibition of the cystine-glutamine antiporter by sulfasalazine was ineffective as a monotherapy, its combination with L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) further improved AML ferroptosis induction. We propose the combination of either sulfasalazine or antioxidant machinery inhibitors along with ROS inducers such as BSO or chemotherapy for further preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Cunningham
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieve L. Oudejans
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan Geugien
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Antonio Pereira-Martins
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertus T. J. Wierenga
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ayşegül Erdem
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique Sternadt
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Huls
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Jacob Schuringa
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Altinel R, Kilic-Erkek O, Kilic-Toprak E, Ozhan B, Yildirim A, Bor-Kucukatay M. HIIT serves as an efficient training strategy for basketball players by improving blood fluidity and decreasing oxidative stress. Biorheology 2024; 59:81-96. [PMID: 38461496 DOI: 10.3233/bir-230024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A challenge for coaches and athletes is to find the best combination of exercises during training. Considering its favorable effects, HIIT has been very popular recently. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate anthropometric features, performance, erythrocyte deformability, plasma viscosity (PV) and oxidative stress in response to acute and long-term (6 weeks) HIIT in adolescent basketball players. METHODS 22 sportsmen between the ages of 14-16 were included. Tabata protocol was applied to the HIIT group in addition to their routine training program 3 days/week, for 6 weeks. Erythrocyte deformability was determined using an ectacytometer (LORCA), PV with a rotational viscometer. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured by kits. RESULTS HIIT for 6 weeks induced an improvement in performance tests and waist circumference. 6 weeks of HIIT resulted in a decrement, while the last exercise session yielded an increment in RBC deformability. PV and TOS of HIIT groups were decreased on the 6th week. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that, HIIT in addition to the routine exercise program is beneficial for improving performance and blood fluidity as well as decreasing oxidative stress in basketball players. Therefore, HIIT seems as an efficient training strategy for highly-trained individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riza Altinel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ozgen Kilic-Erkek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Emine Kilic-Toprak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Bayram Ozhan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yildirim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Melek Bor-Kucukatay
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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11
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AbouAitah K, Hassan HA, Ammar NM, Abou Baker DH, Higazy IM, Shaker OG, Elsayed AAA, Hassan AME. Novel delivery system with a dual–trigger release of savory essential oil by mesoporous silica nanospheres and its possible targets in leukemia cancer cells: in vitro study. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-022-00152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Essential oils (EOs) are complex structures and possess several pharmacological effects. Nanomedicine offers a solution for their major limitations, including poor solubility, volatility, and non–controlled release, preventing their clinical use.
Methods
Here, we developed a novel delivery system by nanoformulations that were prepared by impregnating savory essential oil (SA) into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The nanoformulations were characterized and examined for their anticancer activities on cancer cells (HepG2 liver and HL60 leukemia cells) and MRC5 normal cells. We further tested the mechanisms of action and possible molecular targets against HL60 cells.
Results
The results demonstrated that SA was governed by nanoformulations under the dual–trigger release of pH/glutathione, and it typically fit the Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic model. The nanoformulations enhanced the anticancer effect against HepG2 cells and HL60 cells compared to SA but were less cytotoxic to MRC5 normal cells and regulated various molecular pathways of apoptosis. Most importantly, new results were obtained on the genetic regulation principle through the high inhibition of long noncoding RNAs (HOTAIR, HULC, CCAT1, and H19) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP–2 and MMP–9), providing a novel leukemia target.
Conclusions
These results suggest potential impacts for nanoformulations composed of SA with a sustained release pattern controlled by dual–trigger release of pH/GSH that enhanced anticancer cells. This approach may offer a new route for using EOs as new targets for cancers and open the door for deep preclinical investigations.
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12
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Ma Z, Ye W, Huang X, Li X, Li F, Lin X, Hu C, Wang J, Jin J, Zhu B, Huang J. The ferroptosis landscape in acute myeloid leukemia. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:13486-13503. [PMID: 38032290 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis induction through the suppression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 2 (AIFM2) has proven to be an effective approach in eliminating chemotherapy-resistant cells of various types. However, a comprehensive understanding of the roles of GPX4 and AIFM2 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not yet been achieved. Using cBioPortal, DepMap, GEPIA, Metascape, and ONCOMINE, we compared the transcriptional expression, survival data, gene mutation, methylation, and network analyses of GPX4- and AIFM2-associated signaling pathways in AML. The results revealed that high expression levels of GPX4 and AIFM2 are associated with an adverse prognosis for AML patients. Overexpression of AIFM2 correlated with elevated mutation frequencies in NPM1 and DNMT3A. GPX4 upregulation modulated the following pathways: GO:0045333, cellular respiration; R-HSA-5389840, mitochondrial translation elongation; GO:0009060, aerobic respiration; R-HSA-9609507, protein localization; and R-HSA-8953854, metabolism of RNA. On the other hand, the overexpression of AIFM2 influenced the following processes: GO:0048704, embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis; GO:0021546, rhombomere development; GO:0009954, proximal/distal pattern formation; and GO:0048732, gland development. This study identifies the high expression of GPX4 and AIFM2 as novel biomarkers predicting a poor prognosis for AML patients. Furthermore, ferroptosis induction may improve the stratified treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Ma
- Clinical Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenle Ye
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fenglin Li
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjie Lin
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Clinical Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Hematologic Malignancies, Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Humphries S, Bond DR, Germon ZP, Keely S, Enjeti AK, Dun MD, Lee HJ. Crosstalk between DNA methylation and hypoxia in acute myeloid leukaemia. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:150. [PMID: 37705055 PMCID: PMC10500762 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a deadly disease characterised by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid cells within the bone marrow. Altered regulation of DNA methylation is an important epigenetic driver of AML, where the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment can help facilitate leukaemogenesis. Thus, interactions between epigenetic regulation and hypoxia signalling will have important implications for AML development and treatment. MAIN BODY This review summarises the importance of DNA methylation and the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment in the development, progression, and treatment of AML. Here, we focus on the role hypoxia plays on signalling and the subsequent regulation of DNA methylation. Hypoxia is likely to influence DNA methylation through altered metabolic pathways, transcriptional control of epigenetic regulators, and direct effects on the enzymatic activity of epigenetic modifiers. DNA methylation may also prevent activation of hypoxia-responsive genes, demonstrating bidirectional crosstalk between epigenetic regulation and the hypoxic microenvironment. Finally, we consider the clinical implications of these interactions, suggesting that reduced cell cycling within the hypoxic bone marrow may decrease the efficacy of hypomethylating agents. CONCLUSION Hypoxia is likely to influence AML progression through complex interactions with DNA methylation, where the therapeutic efficacy of hypomethylating agents may be limited within the hypoxic bone marrow. To achieve optimal outcomes for AML patients, future studies should therefore consider co-treatments that can promote cycling of AML cells within the bone marrow or encourage their dissociation from the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Humphries
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Danielle R Bond
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Zacary P Germon
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Immune Health Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Anoop K Enjeti
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
- New South Wales Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Heather J Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia.
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14
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Feng L, Zhang PY, Gao W, Yu J, Robson SC. Targeting chemoresistance and mitochondria-dependent metabolic reprogramming in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1244280. [PMID: 37746249 PMCID: PMC10513429 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1244280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance often complicates the management of cancer, as noted in the instance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mitochondrial function is considered important for the viability of AML blasts and appears to also modulate chemoresistance. As mitochondrial metabolism is aberrant in AML, any distinct pathways could be directly targeted to impact both cell viability and chemoresistance. Therefore, identifying and targeting those precise rogue elements of mitochondrial metabolism could be a valid therapeutic strategy in leukemia. Here, we review the evidence for abnormalities in mitochondria metabolic processes in AML cells, that likely impact chemoresistance. We further address several therapeutic approaches targeting isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), CD39, nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT), electron transport chain (ETC) complex in AML and also consider the roles of mesenchymal stromal cells. We propose the term "mitotherapy" to collectively refer to such regimens that attempt to override mitochondria-mediated metabolic reprogramming, as used by cancer cells. Mounting evidence suggests that mitotherapy could provide a complementary strategy to overcome chemoresistance in liquid cancers, as well as in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Philip Y. Zhang
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wenda Gao
- Antagen Institute for Biomedical Research, Canton, MA, United States
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Maffeo B, Panuzzo C, Moraca A, Cilloni D. A Leukemic Target with a Thousand Faces: The Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13069. [PMID: 37685874 PMCID: PMC10487524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of personalized medicine greatly improved by molecular diagnosis and tailor-made therapies, the survival rate of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at 5 years remains unfortunately low. Indeed, the high heterogeneity of AML clones with distinct metabolic and molecular profiles allows them to survive the chemotherapy-induced changes, thus leading to resistance, clonal evolution, and relapse. Moreover, leukemic stem cells (LSCs), the quiescent reservoir of residual disease, can persist for a long time and activate the recurrence of disease, supported by significant metabolic differences compared to AML blasts. All these points highlight the relevance to develop combination therapies, including metabolism inhibitors to improve treatment efficacy. In this review, we summarized the metabolic differences in AML blasts and LSCs, the molecular pathways related to mitochondria and metabolism are druggable and targeted in leukemia therapies, with a distinct interest for Venetoclax, which has revolutionized the therapeutic paradigms of several leukemia subtype, unfit for intensive treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (B.M.); (A.M.); (D.C.)
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16
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Bueno MLP, Saad STO, Roversi FM. The antitumor effects of WNT5A against hematological malignancies. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00773-8. [PMID: 37310653 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment (niche) is abnormally altered in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leading to deficient secretion of proteins, soluble factors, and cytokines by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) that modifies the crosstalk between MSC and hematopoietic cells. We focused on a WNT gene/protein family member, WNT5A, which is downregulated in leukemia and correlated with disease progression and poor prognosis. We demonstrated that WNT5A protein upregulated the WNT non-canonical pathway only in leukemic cells, without modulating normal cell behavior. We also introduced a novel WNT5A-mimicking compound, Foxy-5. Our results showed reduction of crucial biological functions that are upregulated in leukemia cells, including ROS generation, cell proliferation, and autophagy, as well as G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Additionally, Foxy-5 induced early-stage macrophage cell differentiation, a crucial process during leukemia development. At a molecular level, Foxy-5 led to the downregulation of two overexpressed leukemia pathways, PI3K and MAPK, which resulted in a disarrangement of actin polymerization with consequent impairment of CXCL12-induced chemotaxis. Notably, in a novel tri-dimensional bone marrow-mimicking model, Foxy-5 led to reduced leukemia cell growth and similar results were observed in a xenograft in vivo model. Overall, our findings highlight the pivotal role of WNT5A in leukemia and demonstrate that Foxy-5 acts as a specific antineoplastic agent in leukemia, counterbalancing several leukemic oncogenic processes related to the crosstalk in the bone marrow niche, and represents a promising therapeutic option for AML. WNT5A, a WNT gene/protein family member, is naturally secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells and contributes to the maintenance of the bone marrow microenvironment. WNT5A downregulation is correlated with disease progression and poor prognosis. The treatment with Foxy-5, a WNT5A mimetizing compound, counterbalanced several leukemogenic processes that are upregulated in leukemia cells, including ROS generation, cell proliferation, and autophagy and disruption of PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Lima Pereira Bueno
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas, 480 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-878, Brazil
| | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas, 480 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-878, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Marconi Roversi
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center - University of Campinas/Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas, 480 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-878, Brazil.
- Department of Surgery Division of Transplantation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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17
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Yu B, Yang X, Yuan Z, Wang B. Prodrugs of sulfide and persulfide species: Implications in their different pharmacological activities. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102329. [PMID: 37279623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS), such as H2S, hydrogen polysulfide (H2Sn, n ≥ 2), and hydropersulfides (RSSnH, n ≥ 1), are known to mediate diverse signaling pathways and possess a plethora of exciting therapeutic opportunities. Historically, due to the rapid inter-conversion among those species in vivo, the biological differences of distinct sulfur species were often overlooked. These species were considered to enrich the global sulfur pool in almost an equal fashion. However, advancement in this field has revealed that sulfur species at different oxidation states result in different pharmacological effects including scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), activating ion channels, and exhibiting analgesic effects. Here, we summarize recent advances in studying the biological and pharmacological differences of distinct sulfur species; discuss this phenomenon from the view of chemical properties and sulfur signaling pathways; and lay out a roadmap to transforming such new knowledge into general principles in developing sulfur-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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18
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Germon ZP, Sillar JR, Mannan A, Duchatel RJ, Staudt D, Murray HC, Findlay IJ, Jackson ER, McEwen HP, Douglas AM, McLachlan T, Schjenken JE, Skerrett-Byrne DA, Huang H, Melo-Braga MN, Plank MW, Alvaro F, Chamberlain J, De Iuliis G, Aitken RJ, Nixon B, Wei AH, Enjeti AK, Huang Y, Lock RB, Larsen MR, Lee H, Vaghjiani V, Cain JE, de Bock CE, Verrills NM, Dun MD. Blockade of ROS production inhibits oncogenic signaling in acute myeloid leukemia and amplifies response to precision therapies. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabp9586. [PMID: 36976863 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abp9586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the type III receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 are frequent in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are associated with a poor prognosis. AML is characterized by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can induce cysteine oxidation in redox-sensitive signaling proteins. Here, we sought to characterize the specific pathways affected by ROS in AML by assessing oncogenic signaling in primary AML samples. The oxidation or phosphorylation of signaling proteins that mediate growth and proliferation was increased in samples from patient subtypes with FLT3 mutations. These samples also showed increases in the oxidation of proteins in the ROS-producing Rac/NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) complex. Inhibition of NOX2 increased the apoptosis of FLT3-mutant AML cells in response to FLT3 inhibitors. NOX2 inhibition also reduced the phosphorylation and cysteine oxidation of FLT3 in patient-derived xenograft mouse models, suggesting that decreased oxidative stress reduces the oncogenic signaling of FLT3. In mice grafted with FLT3 mutant AML cells, treatment with a NOX2 inhibitor reduced the number of circulating cancer cells, and combining FLT3 and NOX2 inhibitors increased survival to a greater extent than either treatment alone. Together, these data raise the possibility that combining NOX2 and FLT3 inhibitors could improve the treatment of FLT3 mutant AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacary P Germon
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Sillar
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Abdul Mannan
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan J Duchatel
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Dilana Staudt
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Heather C Murray
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Izac J Findlay
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Evangeline R Jackson
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly P McEwen
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Alicia M Douglas
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Tabitha McLachlan
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - John E Schjenken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - David A Skerrett-Byrne
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Honggang Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Protein Research Group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marcella N Melo-Braga
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Protein Research Group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maximilian W Plank
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- GlaxoSmithKline, Abbotsford, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Alvaro
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Janis Chamberlain
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- John Hunter Children's Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Geoff De Iuliis
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew H Wei
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anoop K Enjeti
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, NSW, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Protein Research Group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Heather Lee
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Vijesh Vaghjiani
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason E Cain
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Charles E de Bock
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole M Verrills
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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19
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Chiou JT, Hsu CC, Hong YC, Lee YC, Chang LS. Cytarabine-induced destabilization of MCL1 mRNA and protein triggers apoptosis in leukemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 211:115494. [PMID: 36924905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Although cytarabine (Ara-C) is the mainstay of treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), its cytotoxic mechanisms for inducing apoptosis are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the Ara-C-induced cell death pathway in human AML U937 cells. Ara-C-induced downregulation of MCL1 is associated with the induction of mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis. Ara-C triggered NOX4-mediated ROS production, which in turn activated p38 MAPK but inactivated AKT. Ara-C-induced DNA damage modulates p38 MAPK activation without affecting AKT inactivation in U937 cells. Inactivated AKT promotes GSK3β-dependent CREB phosphorylation, which in turn increases NOXA transcription, thereby triggering the degradation of MCL1 protein. Activated p38 MAPK induces HuR downregulation, leading to accelerated MCL1 mRNA turnover. A similar pathway also explains the Ara-C-induced THP-1 cell death. Collectively, our data confirm that Ara-C-triggered apoptosis in the AML cell lines U937 and THP-1 is mediated through the destabilization of MCL1 mRNA and protein. Furthermore, Ara-C acts synergistically with the BCL2 inhibitor ABT-199 to induce cell death in ABT-199-resistant and parental U937 cells by inhibiting MCL1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ting Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chung Hong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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20
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Algariri ES, Mydin RBS, Moses EJ, Okekpa SI, Rahim NAA, Yusoff NM. Knockdown of Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 ( STIM1) Suppresses Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia-M5 Cell Line Survival Through Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species Activities. Turk J Haematol 2023; 40:11-17. [PMID: 36404683 PMCID: PMC9979743 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2022.2022.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of the stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) gene in the survival of the acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)-M5 cell line (THP-1). Materials and Methods The STIM1 effect was assessed via dicersubstrate siRNA-mediated STIM1 knockdown. The effect of STIM1 knockdown on the expression of AKT and MAPK pathway-related genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation-related genes was tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cellular functions, including ROS generation, cell proliferation, and colony formation, were also evaluated following STIM1 knockdown. Results The findings revealed that STIM1 knockdown reduced intracellular ROS levels via downregulation of NOX2 and PKC. These findings were associated with the downregulation of AKT, KRAS, MAPK, and CMYC. BCL2 was also downregulated, while BAX was upregulated following STIM1 knockdown. Furthermore, STIM1 knockdown reduced THP-1 cell proliferation and colony formation. Conclusion This study has demonstrated the role of STIM1 in promoting AML cell proliferation and survival through enhanced ROS generation and regulation of AKT/MAPK-related pathways. These findings may help establish STIM1 as a potential therapeutic target for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Salem Algariri
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia,Hadhramout University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Hadhramout, Yemen
| | - Rabiatul Basria S.M.N. Mydin
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia,* Address for Correspondence: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - Emmanuel Jairaj Moses
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Simon Imakwu Okekpa
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia,Ebonyi State University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ebonyi, Nigeria
| | - Nur Arzuar Abdul Rahim
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Department of Clinical Medicine, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Narzah Mohd Yusoff
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Department of Clinical Medicine, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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21
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Rafeeinia A, Asadikaram G, Karimi Darabi M, Abolhassani M, Moazed V, Abbasi-Jorjandi M. Organochlorine pesticides, oxidative stress biomarkers, and leukemia: a case-control study. J Investig Med 2023; 71:295-306. [PMID: 36718847 DOI: 10.1177/10815589221145043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides has been linked to an elevated risk of leukemia. The present research aimed to evaluate the relationship between organochlorine (OC) pesticides and biomarkers of oxidative stress in leukemia patients. This work was conducted on 109 patients with leukemia and 109 healthy controls. The serum concentrations of seven derivatives of OCs including alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, 2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDT, 2,4-DDE, and 4,4-DDE along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and catalase (CAT) activities as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), protein carbonyl (PC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in all the subjects. Levels of OCs were remarkably higher in leukemia patients compared to the controls (p < 0.05). In addition, levels of SOD, AChE, GPx, PON-1, and TAC were remarkably lower in leukemia patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, MDA, NO, and PC concentrations were higher in leukemia patients than in the controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, the serum level of 4,4-DDE was negatively associated with GPx activity (p = 0.038). Our findings suggest that OCs may play a role in the development of leukemia by disrupting the oxidant/antioxidant balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Rafeeinia
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Karimi Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Moazed
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Abbasi-Jorjandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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22
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Murray HC, Miller K, Brzozowski JS, Kahl RGS, Smith ND, Humphrey SJ, Dun MD, Verrills NM. Synergistic Targeting of DNA-PK and KIT Signaling Pathways in KIT Mutant Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100503. [PMID: 36682716 PMCID: PMC9986649 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common and aggressive form of acute leukemia, with a 5-year survival rate of just 24%. Over a third of all AML patients harbor activating mutations in kinases, such as the receptor tyrosine kinases FLT3 (receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3) and KIT (mast/stem cell growth factor receptor kit). FLT3 and KIT mutations are associated with poor clinical outcomes and lower remission rates in response to standard-of-care chemotherapy. We have recently identified that the core kinase of the non-homologous end joining DNA repair pathway, DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase), is activated downstream of FLT3; and targeting DNA-PK sensitized FLT3-mutant AML cells to standard-of-care therapies. Herein, we investigated DNA-PK as a possible therapeutic vulnerability in KIT mutant AML, using isogenic FDC-P1 mouse myeloid progenitor cell lines transduced with oncogenic mutant KIT (V560G and D816V) or vector control. Targeted quantitative phosphoproteomic profiling identified phosphorylation of DNA-PK in the T2599/T2605/S2608/S2610 cluster in KIT mutant cells, indicative of DNA-PK activation. Accordingly, proliferation assays revealed that KIT mutant FDC-P1 cells were more sensitive to the DNA-PK inhibitors M3814 or NU7441, compared with empty vector controls. DNA-PK inhibition combined with inhibition of KIT signaling using the kinase inhibitors dasatinib or ibrutinib, or the protein phosphatase 2A activators FTY720 or AAL(S), led to synergistic cell death. Global phosphoproteomic analysis of KIT-D816V cells revealed that dasatinib and M3814 single-agent treatments inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase and AKT (RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase)/MTOR (serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR) activity, with greater inhibition of both pathways when used in combination. Combined dasatinib and M3814 treatment also synergistically inhibited phosphorylation of the transcriptional regulators MYC and MYB. This study provides insight into the oncogenic pathways regulated by DNA-PK beyond its canonical role in DNA repair and demonstrates that DNA-PK is a promising therapeutic target for KIT mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Murray
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Cancer Research Alliance and Precision Medicine Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kasey Miller
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Cancer Research Alliance and Precision Medicine Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua S Brzozowski
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Cancer Research Alliance and Precision Medicine Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard G S Kahl
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Cancer Research Alliance and Precision Medicine Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan D Smith
- Analytical and Biomolecular Research Facility, Advanced Mass Spectrometry Unit, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, and The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Cancer Research Alliance and Precision Medicine Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole M Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Cancer Research Alliance and Precision Medicine Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
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23
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Romo-González M, Ijurko C, Alonso MT, Gómez de Cedrón M, Ramirez de Molina A, Soriano ME, Hernández-Hernández Á. NOX2 and NOX4 control mitochondrial function in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 198:92-108. [PMID: 36764627 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterised by an elevated metabolic plasticity and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), two features acknowledged as hallmarks in cancer, with a high translational potential to the therapeutic setting. These aspects, that have been traditionally studied separately, are in fact intimately intermingled. As part of their transforming activity, some oncogenes stimulate rewiring of metabolic processes, whilst simultaneously promoting increased production of intracellular ROS. In this scenario the latest discoveries suggest the relevance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) to connect ROS production and metabolic control. Here we have analysed the relevance of NOX2 and NOX4 in the regulation of metabolism in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), a neoplasia driven by the expression of the breakpoint cluster region-Abelson fusion oncogene (BCR-ABL). Silencing of NOX2 enhances glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation rates, together with an enhanced production of mitochondrial ROS and a decrease in mitochondrial DNA copy number, which reflects mitochondrial dysfunction. NOX4 expression was upregulated upon NOX2 silencing, and this was required to alter mitochondrial function. Our results support the relevance of NOX2 to regulate metabolism-related signalling pathways downstream of BCR-ABL. Overall we show that NOX2, through the regulation of NOX4 expression, controls metabolism and mitochondrial function in CML cells. This notion was confirmed by transcriptomic analyses, that strongly relate both NOX isoforms with metabolism regulation in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Romo-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Carla Ijurko
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - María Teresa Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, 47003, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ángel Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain.
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24
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Abbas G, Cui M, Wang D, Li M, Zhang XE. Construction of Genetically Encoded Biosensors to Monitor Subcellular Compartment-Specific Glutathione Response to Chemotherapeutic Drugs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2838-2847. [PMID: 36701391 PMCID: PMC9909732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), the constituent of the redox buffer system, is a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and its ratio to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) is a key indicator of oxidative stress in the cell. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive hematopoietic malignancy characterized by aberrant levels of reduced and oxidized GSH due to oxidative stress. Therefore, the real-time, dynamic, and highly sensitive detection of GSH/GSSG in AML cells is of great interest for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of leukemia. The application of genetically encoded sensors to monitor GSH/GSSG levels in AML cells is not explored, and the underlying mechanism of how the drugs affect GSH/GSSG dynamics remains unclear. In this study, we developed subcellular compartment-specific sensors to monitor GSH/GSSG combined with high-resolution fluorescence microscopy that provides insights into basal GSH/GSSG levels in the cytosol, mitochondria, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum of AML cells, in a decreasing order, revealing substantial heterogeneity of GSH/GSSG level dynamics in different subcellular compartments. Further, we investigated the response of GSH/GSSG ratio in AML cells caused by Prussian blue and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, separately and in combination with cytarabine, pointing to steep gradients. Moreover, cytarabine and doxorubicin downregulated the GSH/GSSG levels in different subcellular compartments. Similarly, live-cell imaging showed a compartment-specific decrease in response to various drugs, such as CB-839, parthenolide (PTL), and piperlongumine (PLM). The enzymatic activity assay revealed the mechanism underlying fluctuations in GSH/GSSG levels in different subcellular compartments mediated by these drugs in the GSH metabolic pathway, suggesting some potential therapeutic targets in AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Abbas
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute
of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute
of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,
| | - Dianbing Wang
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute
of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Li
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute
of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- National
Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute
of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,Faculty
of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute
of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China,University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,
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25
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Staudt DE, Murray HC, Skerrett-Byrne DA, Smith ND, Jamaluddin MFB, Kahl RGS, Duchatel RJ, Germon ZP, McLachlan T, Jackson ER, Findlay IJ, Kearney PS, Mannan A, McEwen HP, Douglas AM, Nixon B, Verrills NM, Dun MD. Phospho-heavy-labeled-spiketide FAIMS stepped-CV DDA (pHASED) provides real-time phosphoproteomics data to aid in cancer drug selection. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:48. [PMID: 36536316 PMCID: PMC9762002 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Global high-throughput phosphoproteomic profiling is increasingly being applied to cancer specimens to identify the oncogenic signaling cascades responsible for promoting disease initiation and disease progression; pathways that are often invisible to genomics analysis. Hence, phosphoproteomic profiling has enormous potential to inform and improve individualized anti-cancer treatment strategies. However, to achieve the adequate phosphoproteomic depth and coverage necessary to identify the activated, and hence, targetable kinases responsible for driving oncogenic signaling pathways, affinity phosphopeptide enrichment techniques are required and often coupled with offline high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation prior to nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). These complex and time-consuming procedures, limit the utility of phosphoproteomics for the analysis of individual cancer patient specimens in real-time, and restrict phosphoproteomics to specialized laboratories often outside of the clinical setting. To address these limitations, here we have optimized a new protocol, phospho-heavy-labeled-spiketide FAIMS Stepped-CV DDA (pHASED), that employs online phosphoproteome deconvolution using high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and internal phosphopeptide standards to provide accurate label-free quantitation (LFQ) data in real-time. Compared with traditional single-shot LFQ phosphoproteomics workflows, pHASED provided increased phosphoproteomic depth and coverage (phosphopeptides = 4617 pHASED, 2789 LFQ), whilst eliminating the variability associated with offline prefractionation. pHASED was optimized using tyrosine kinase inhibitor (sorafenib) resistant isogenic FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line models. Bioinformatic analysis identified differential activation of the serine/threonine protein kinase ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) pathway, responsible for sensing and repairing DNA damage in sorafenib-resistant AML cell line models, thereby uncovering a potential therapeutic opportunity. Herein, we have optimized a rapid, reproducible, and flexible protocol for the characterization of complex cancer phosphoproteomes in real-time, a step towards the implementation of phosphoproteomics in the clinic to aid in the selection of anti-cancer therapies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilana E. Staudt
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Heather C. Murray
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - David A. Skerrett-Byrne
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cInfertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Nathan D. Smith
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XAnalytical and Biomolecular Research Facility (ABRF), Research Services, University of Newcastle, NSW, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - M. Fairuz B. Jamaluddin
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Richard G. S. Kahl
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Ryan J. Duchatel
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Zacary P. Germon
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Tabitha McLachlan
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Evangeline R. Jackson
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Izac J. Findlay
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Padraic S. Kearney
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Abdul Mannan
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Holly P. McEwen
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Alicia M. Douglas
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cInfertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Nicole M. Verrills
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Matthew D. Dun
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
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26
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Mandell JD, Fisk JN, Cyrenne E, Xu ML, Cannataro VL, Townsend JP. Not only mutations but also tumorigenesis can be substantially attributed to DNA damage from reactive oxygen species in RUNX1::RUNX1T1-fusion-positive acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2022; 36:2931-2933. [PMID: 36369483 PMCID: PMC9712081 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Mandell
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Nick Fisk
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ethan Cyrenne
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mina L Xu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey P Townsend
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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27
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Ciarcia R, Longobardi C, Ferrara G, Montagnaro S, Andretta E, Pagnini F, Florio S, Maruccio L, Lauritano C, Damiano S. The Microalga Skeletonema marinoi Induces Apoptosis and DNA Damage in K562 Cell Line by Modulating NADPH Oxidase. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238270. [PMID: 36500363 PMCID: PMC9739211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease that activates multiple signaling pathways, causing cells to produce higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are a major generator of ROS in leukemia, and marine natural products have shown promising activities for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the marine microalga Skeletonema marinoi (S.M.), a ubiquitous diatom that forms massive blooms in the oceans, on the human leukemia cell line K562. The effects of S.M. extract on cell viability, production of ROS, nitric oxide (NO), and apoptosis were examined. In this preliminary work, S.M. was able to decrease cell viability (p < 0.05) and increase apoptosis levels (p < 0.05) in K562 cells after 48 h of treatment. In addition, the levels of NOX, NO, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were reduced in K562-treated cells (p < 0.05), whereas the levels of SOD, CAT, and GPx increased during treatment (p < 0.05). Finally, analyzing Bax and Bcl-2 expression, we found a significant increase in the proapoptotic protein Bax and a sustained decrease in the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 (p < 0.05) in the K562-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ciarcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Consiglia Longobardi
- Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Largo Madonna delle Grazie n.1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Andretta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pagnini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Radiology, University of Parma, Via Università n. 12, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Salvatore Florio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucianna Maruccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton n. 55, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Damiano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy
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Lee CG, Lee C, Lee J, Nam JS, Kim B, Kwon T. Dual‐Modulated Release of a Cytotoxic Photosensitizer Using Photogenerated Reactive Oxygen Species and Glutathione. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210623. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chae Gyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Chaiheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhee Lee
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Seung Nam
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Institute for Cancer Genetics Department of Genetics and Development Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY 10032 USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbia University Irving Medical Center New York NY 10032 USA
| | - Byeong‐Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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Targeting Redox Regulation as a Therapeutic Opportunity against Acute Leukemia: Pro-Oxidant Strategy or Antioxidant Approach? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091696. [PMID: 36139768 PMCID: PMC9495346 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox adaptation is essential for human health, as the physiological quantities of non-radical reactive oxygen species operate as the main second messengers to regulate normal redox reactions by controlling several sensors. An abnormal increase reactive oxygen species, called oxidative stress, induces biological injury. For this reason, variations in oxidative stress continue to receive consideration as a possible approach to treat leukemic diseases. However, the intricacy of redox reactions and their effects might be a relevant obstacle; consequently, and alongside approaches aimed at increasing oxidative stress in neoplastic cells, antioxidant strategies have also been suggested for the same purpose. The present review focuses on the molecular processes of anomalous oxidative stress in acute myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemias as well as on the oxidative stress-determined pathways implicated in leukemogenic development. Furthermore, we review the effect of chemotherapies on oxidative stress and the possibility that their pharmacological effects might be increased by modifying the intracellular redox equilibrium through a pro-oxidant approach or an antioxidant strategy. Finally, we evaluated the prospect of varying oxidative stress as an efficacious modality to destroy chemoresistant cells using new methodologies. Altering redox conditions may be advantageous for inhibiting genomic variability and the eradication of leukemic clones will promote the treatment of leukemic disease.
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Lee CG, Lee C, Lee J, Nam JS, Kim BS, Kwon TH. Dual‐Modulated Release of a Cytotoxic Photosensitizer Using Photogenerated Reactive Oxygen Species and Glutathione. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chae Gyu Lee
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Chaiheon Lee
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Joonhee Lee
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Jung Seung Nam
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Byeong-Su Kim
- Yonsei University Department of Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Tae-Hyuk Kwon
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Department of Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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31
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Panina SB, Pei J, Baran N, Tjahjono E, Patel S, Alatrash G, Konoplev S, Stolbov LA, Poroikov VV, Konopleva M, Kirienko NV. Novel mitochondria-targeting compounds selectively kill human leukemia cells. Leukemia 2022; 36:2009-2021. [PMID: 35672446 PMCID: PMC11088873 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of aggressive hematological malignancies commonly associated with treatment resistance, high risk of relapse, and mitochondrial dysregulation. We identified six mitochondria-affecting compounds (PS compounds) that exhibit selective cytotoxicity against AML cells in vitro. Structure-activity relationship studies identified six analogs from two original scaffolds that had over an order of magnitude difference between LD50 in AML and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mechanistically, all hit compounds reduced ATP and selectively impaired both basal and ATP-linked oxygen consumption in leukemic cells. Compounds derived from PS127 significantly upregulated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in AML cells and triggered ferroptotic, necroptotic, and/or apoptotic cell death in AML cell lines and refractory/relapsed AML primary samples. These compounds exhibited synergy with several anti-leukemia agents in AML, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), or chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Pilot in vivo efficacy studies indicate anti-leukemic efficacy in a MOLM14/GFP/LUC xenograft model, including extended survival in mice injected with leukemic cells pre-treated with PS127B or PS127E and in mice treated with PS127E at a dose of 5 mg/kg. These compounds are promising leads for development of future combinatorial therapeutic approaches for mitochondria-driven hematologic malignancies such as AML, ALL, and CML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingqi Pei
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalia Baran
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elissa Tjahjono
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shraddha Patel
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gheath Alatrash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sergej Konoplev
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Śniegocka M, Liccardo F, Fazi F, Masciarelli S. Understanding ER homeostasis and the UPR to enhance treatment efficacy of acute myeloid leukemia. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100853. [PMID: 35870226 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Protein biogenesis, maturation and degradation are tightly regulated processes that are governed by a complex network of signaling pathways. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for biosynthesis and maturation of secretory proteins. Circumstances that alter cellular protein homeostasis, determine accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the ER, a condition defined as ER stress. In case of stress, the ER activates an adaptive response called unfolded protein response (UPR), a series of pathways of major relevance for cancer biology. The UPR plays a preeminent role in adaptation of tumor cells to the harsh conditions that they experience, due to high rates of proliferation, metabolic abnormalities and hostile environment scarce in oxygen and nutrients. Furthermore, the UPR is among the main adaptive cell stress responses contributing to the development of resistance to drugs and chemotherapy. Clinical management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) has improved significantly in the last decade, thanks to development of molecular targeted therapies. However, the emergence of treatment-resistant clones renders the rate of AML cure dismal. Moreover, different cell populations that constitute the bone marrow niche recently emerged as a main determinant leading to drug resistance. Herein we summarize the most relevant literature regarding the role played by the UPR in expansion of AML and ability to develop drug resistance and we discuss different possible modalities to overturn this adaptive response against leukemia. To this aim, we also describe the interconnection of the UPR with other cellular stress responses regulating protein homeostasis. Finally, we review the newest findings about the crosstalk between AML cells and cells of the bone marrow niche, under physiological conditions and in response to therapies, discussing in particular the importance of the niche in supporting survival of AML cells by favoring protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Śniegocka
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Liccardo
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Masciarelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Maynard RS, Hellmich C, Bowles KM, Rushworth SA. Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Drives Metabolic Changes in the Bone Marrow Niche. Front Oncol 2022; 12:924567. [PMID: 35847950 PMCID: PMC9277016 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.924567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a highly proliferative cancer characterised by infiltration of immature haematopoietic cells in the bone marrow (BM). AML predominantly affects older people and outcomes, particularly in this difficult to treat population remain poor, in part due to inadequate response to therapy, and treatment toxicity. Normal haematopoiesis is supported by numerous support cells within the BM microenvironment or niche, including adipocytes, stromal cells and endothelial cells. In steady state haematopoiesis, haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) primarily acquire ATP through glycolysis. However, during stress-responses HSCs rapidly transition to oxidative phosphorylation, enabled by mitochondrial plasticity. Historically it was thought that cancer cells preferentially used glycolysis for ATP production, however recently it has become evident that many cancers, including AML primarily use the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation for rapid proliferation. AML cells hijack the stress-response pathways of their non-malignant counterparts, utilising mitochondrial changes to drive expansion. In addition, amino acids are also utilised by leukaemic stem cells to aid their metabolic output. Together, these processes allow AML cells to maximise their ATP production, using multiple metabolites and fuelling rapid cell turnover which is a hallmark of the disease. This review of AML derived changes in the BM niche, which enable enhanced metabolism, will consider the important pathways and discuss future challenges with a view to understanding how AML cells are able to hijack metabolic pathways and how we may elucidate new targets for potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Maynard
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Hellmich
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian M. Bowles
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A. Rushworth
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Stuart A. Rushworth,
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Romo-González M, Ijurko C, Hernández-Hernández Á. Reactive Oxygen Species and Metabolism in Leukemia: A Dangerous Liaison. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889875. [PMID: 35757686 PMCID: PMC9218220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), previously considered toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, are increasingly recognized as regulators of cellular signaling. Keeping ROS levels low is essential to safeguard the self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). HSC reside in a hypoxic environment and have been shown to be highly dependent on the glycolytic pathway to meet their energy requirements. However, when the differentiation machinery is activated, there is an essential enhancement of ROS together with a metabolic shift toward oxidative metabolism. Initiating and sustaining leukemia depend on the activity of leukemic stem cells (LSC). LSC also show low ROS levels, but unlike HSC, LSC rely on oxygen to meet their metabolic energetic requirements through mitochondrial respiration. In contrast, leukemic blasts show high ROS levels and great metabolic plasticity, both of which seem to sustain their invasiveness. Oxidative stress and metabolism rewiring are recognized as hallmarks of cancer that are intimately intermingled. Here we present a detailed overview of these two features, sustained at different levels, that support a two-way relationship in leukemia. Modifying ROS levels and targeting metabolism are interesting therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we provide the most recent evidence on the modulation of oxidative stress and metabolism as a suitable anti-leukemic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Romo-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carla Ijurko
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ángel Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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35
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Theranostic Potentials of Gold Nanomaterials in Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133047. [PMID: 35804818 PMCID: PMC9264814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hematological malignancies (HMs) cover 50% of all malignancies, and people of all ages can be affected by these deadly diseases. In many cases, conventional diagnostic tools fail to diagnose HMs at an early stage, due to heterogeneity and the long-term indolent phase of HMs. Therefore, many patients start their treatment at the late stage of HMs and have poor survival. Gold nanomaterials (GNMs) have shown promise as a cancer theranostic agent. GNMs are 1 nm to 100 nm materials having magnetic resonance and surface-plasmon-resonance properties. GNMs conjugated with antibodies, nucleic acids, peptides, photosensitizers, chemotherapeutic drugs, synthetic-drug candidates, bioactive compounds, and other theranostic biomolecules may enhance the efficacy and efficiency of both traditional and advanced theranostic approaches to combat HMs. Abstract Hematological malignancies (HMs) are a heterogeneous group of blood neoplasia generally characterized by abnormal blood-cell production. Detection of HMs-specific molecular biomarkers (e.g., surface antigens, nucleic acid, and proteomic biomarkers) is crucial in determining clinical states and monitoring disease progression. Early diagnosis of HMs, followed by an effective treatment, can remarkably extend overall survival of patients. However, traditional and advanced HMs’ diagnostic strategies still lack selectivity and sensitivity. More importantly, commercially available chemotherapeutic drugs are losing their efficacy due to adverse effects, and many patients develop resistance against these drugs. To overcome these limitations, the development of novel potent and reliable theranostic agents is urgently needed to diagnose and combat HMs at an early stage. Recently, gold nanomaterials (GNMs) have shown promise in the diagnosis and treatment of HMs. Magnetic resonance and the surface-plasmon-resonance properties of GNMs have made them a suitable candidate in the diagnosis of HMs via magnetic-resonance imaging and colorimetric or electrochemical sensing of cancer-specific biomarkers. Furthermore, GNMs-based photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, radiation therapy, and targeted drug delivery enhanced the selectivity and efficacy of anticancer drugs or drug candidates. Therefore, surface-tuned GNMs could be used as sensitive, reliable, and accurate early HMs, metastatic HMs, and MRD-detection tools, as well as selective, potent anticancer agents. However, GNMs may induce endothelial leakage to exacerbate cancer metastasis. Studies using clinical patient samples, patient-derived HMs models, or healthy-animal models could give a precise idea about their theranostic potential as well as biocompatibility. The present review will investigate the theranostic potential of vectorized GNMs in HMs and future challenges before clinical theranostic applications in HMs.
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Hino C, Pham B, Park D, Yang C, Nguyen MH, Kaur S, Reeves ME, Xu Y, Nishino K, Pu L, Kwon SM, Zhong JF, Zhang KK, Xie L, Chong EG, Chen CS, Nguyen V, Castillo DR, Cao H. Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Future of Immunotherapy and Natural Products. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061410. [PMID: 35740430 PMCID: PMC9219790 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in the development, proliferation, and survival of leukemic blasts in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Within the bone marrow and peripheral blood, various phenotypically and functionally altered cells in the TME provide critical signals to suppress the anti-tumor immune response, allowing tumor cells to evade elimination. Thus, unraveling the complex interplay between AML and its microenvironment may have important clinical implications and are essential to directing the development of novel targeted therapies. This review summarizes recent advancements in our understanding of the AML TME and its ramifications on current immunotherapeutic strategies. We further review the role of natural products in modulating the TME to enhance response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hino
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (C.H.); (B.P.); (K.N.); (L.P.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Bryan Pham
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (C.H.); (B.P.); (K.N.); (L.P.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Daniel Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco–Fresno, Fresno, CA 93701, USA;
| | - Chieh Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Michael H.K. Nguyen
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (M.H.K.N.); (S.K.); (M.E.R.); (Y.X.); (E.G.C.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Simmer Kaur
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (M.H.K.N.); (S.K.); (M.E.R.); (Y.X.); (E.G.C.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Mark E. Reeves
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (M.H.K.N.); (S.K.); (M.E.R.); (Y.X.); (E.G.C.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (M.H.K.N.); (S.K.); (M.E.R.); (Y.X.); (E.G.C.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Kevin Nishino
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (C.H.); (B.P.); (K.N.); (L.P.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Lu Pu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (C.H.); (B.P.); (K.N.); (L.P.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Sue Min Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (C.H.); (B.P.); (K.N.); (L.P.); (S.M.K.)
| | - Jiang F. Zhong
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| | - Ke K. Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77030, USA; (K.K.Z.); (L.X.)
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77030, USA; (K.K.Z.); (L.X.)
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Esther G. Chong
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (M.H.K.N.); (S.K.); (M.E.R.); (Y.X.); (E.G.C.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Chien-Shing Chen
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (M.H.K.N.); (S.K.); (M.E.R.); (Y.X.); (E.G.C.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Vinh Nguyen
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Dan Ran Castillo
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (M.H.K.N.); (S.K.); (M.E.R.); (Y.X.); (E.G.C.); (C.-S.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Huynh Cao
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (M.H.K.N.); (S.K.); (M.E.R.); (Y.X.); (E.G.C.); (C.-S.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.C.); (H.C.)
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Centio A, Estruch M, Reckzeh K, Sanjiv K, Vittori C, Engelhard S, Warpman Berglund U, Helleday T, Theilgaard-Mönch K. Inhibition of Oxidized Nucleotide Sanitation By TH1579 and Conventional Chemotherapy Cooperatively Enhance Oxidative DNA Damage and Survival in AML. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:703-714. [PMID: 35247918 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) still die of their disease due to primary resistance or relapse toward conventional reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and DNA damage-inducing chemotherapy regimens. Herein, we explored the therapeutic potential to enhance chemotherapy response in AML, by targeting the ROS scavenger enzyme MutT homolog 1 (MTH1, NUDT1), which protects cellular integrity through prevention of fatal chemotherapy-induced oxidative DNA damage. We demonstrate that MTH1 is a potential druggable target expressed by the majority of patients with AML and the inv(16)/KITD816Y AML mouse model mimicking the genetics of patients with AML exhibiting poor response to standard chemotherapy (i.e., anthracycline & cytarabine). Strikingly, combinatorial treatment of inv(16)/KITD816Y AML cells with the MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 and ROS- and DNA damage-inducing standard chemotherapy induced growth arrest and incorporated oxidized nucleotides into DNA leading to significantly increased DNA damage. Consistently, TH1579 and chemotherapy synergistically inhibited growth of clonogenic inv(16)/KITD816Y AML cells without substantially inhibiting normal clonogenic bone marrow cells. In addition, combinatorial treatment of inv(16)/KITD816Y AML mice with TH1579 and chemotherapy significantly reduced AML burden and prolonged survival compared with untreated or single treated mice. In conclusion, our study provides a rationale for future clinical studies combining standard AML chemotherapy with TH1579 to boost standard chemotherapy response in patients with AML. Moreover, other cancer entities treated with ROS- and DNA damage-inducing chemo- or radiotherapies might benefit therapeutically from complementary treatment with TH1579.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Centio
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Montserrat Estruch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Reckzeh
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Stem Cell Research and Developmental Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Vittori
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophia Engelhard
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Theilgaard-Mönch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Stem Cell Research and Developmental Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Targeting the NRF2/HO-1 Antioxidant Pathway in FLT3-ITD-Positive AML Enhances Therapy Efficacy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040717. [PMID: 35453402 PMCID: PMC9027903 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a molecularly heterogenous hematological malignancy, with one of the most common mutations being internal tandem duplication (ITD) of the juxtamembrane domain of the fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 (FLT3). Despite the development of FLT3-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), relapse and resistance are problematic, requiring improved strategies. In both patient samples and cell lines, FLT3-ITD raises levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elicits an antioxidant response which is linked to chemoresistance broadly in AML. NF-E2–related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor regulating the antioxidant response including heme oxygenase -1 (HO-1), a heat shock protein implicated in AML resistance. Here, we demonstrate that HO-1 is elevated in FLT3-ITD-bearing cells compared to FLT3-wild type (WT). Transient knockdown or inhibitor-based suppression of HO-1 enhances vulnerability to the TKI, quizartinib, in both TKI-resistant and sensitive primary AML and cell line models. NRF2 suppression (genetically or pharmacologically using brusatol) results in decreased HO-1, suggesting that TKI-resistance is dependent on an active NRF2-driven pathway. In AML-patient derived xenograft (PDX) models, brusatol, in combination with daunorubicin, reduces leukemia burden and prolongs survival. Cumulatively, these data encourage further development of brusatol and NRF2 inhibition as components of combination therapy for refractory AML.
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Ijurko C, González‐García N, Galindo‐Villardón P, Hernández‐Hernández Á. A 29-gene signature associated with NOX2 discriminates acute myeloid leukemia prognosis and survival. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:448-457. [PMID: 35073432 PMCID: PMC9303675 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular complexity displayed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) hinders patient stratification and treatment decisions. Previous studies support the utility of using specific gene panels for this purpose. Focusing on two salient features of AML, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidases (NOX) and metabolism, we aimed to identify a gene panel that could improve patient stratification. A pairwise comparison of AML versus healthy gene expression revealed the downregulation of four members of the NOX2 complex including CYBB (coding for NOX2) in AML patients. We analyzed the expression of 941 genes related to metabolism and found 28 genes with expression correlated to CYBB. This panel of 29 genes (29G) effectively divides AML samples according to their prognostic group. The robustness of 29G was confirmed by 6 AML cohort datasets with a total of 1821 patients (overall accuracies of 85%, 78%, 80%, 75%, 59% and 83%). An expression index (EI) was developed according to the expression of the selected discriminatory genes. Overall Survival (OS) was higher for low 29G expression index patients than for the high 29G expression index group, which was confirmed in three different datasets with a total of 1069 patients. Moreover, 29G can dissect intermediate‐prognosis patients in four clusters with different OS, which could improve the current AML stratification scheme. In summary, we have found a gene signature (29G) that can be used for AML classification and for OS prediction. Our results confirm NOX and metabolism as suitable therapeutic targets in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ijurko
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL) Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Nerea González‐García
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL) Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Departamento de Estadística Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Purificación Galindo‐Villardón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL) Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Departamento de Estadística Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Centro de Investigación Institucional (CII) Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins Santiago Chile
- Centro de Gestión de Estudios Estadísticos Universidad Estatal de Milagro Milagro Guayas Ecuador
| | - Ángel Hernández‐Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL) Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
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The BCAT1 CXXC Motif Provides Protection against ROS in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040683. [PMID: 35453368 PMCID: PMC9030579 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT1) has received attention for its role in myeloid leukaemia development, where studies indicate metabolic adaptations due to BCAT1 up-regulation. BCAT1, like the mitochondria isoform (BCAT2), shares a conserved CXXC motif ~10 Å from the active site. This CXXC motif has been shown to act as a ‘redox-switch’ in the enzymatic regulation of the BCAT proteins, however the response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) differs between BCAT isoforms. Studies indicate that the BCAT1 CXXC motif is several orders of magnitude less sensitive to the effects of ROS compared with BCAT2. Moreover, estimation of the reduction mid-point potential of BCAT1, indicates that BCAT1 is more reductive in nature and may possess antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further characterise the BCAT1 CXXC motif and evaluate its role in acute myeloid leukaemia. Our biochemical analyses show that purified wild-type (WT) BCAT1 protein could metabolise H2O2 in vitro, whereas CXXC motif mutant or WT BCAT2 could not, demonstrating for the first time a novel antioxidant role for the BCAT1 CXXC motif. Transformed U937 AML cells over-expressing WT BCAT1, showed lower levels of intracellular ROS compared with cells over-expressing the CXXC motif mutant (CXXS) or Vector Controls, indicating that the BCAT1 CXXC motif may buffer intracellular ROS, impacting on cell proliferation. U937 AML cells over-expressing WT BCAT1 displayed less cellular differentiation, as observed by a reduction of the myeloid markers; CD11b, CD14, CD68, and CD36. This finding suggests a role for the BCAT1 CXXC motif in cell development, which is an important pathological feature of myeloid leukaemia, a disease characterised by a block in myeloid differentiation. Furthermore, WT BCAT1 cells were more resistant to apoptosis compared with CXXS BCAT1 cells, an important observation given the role of ROS in apoptotic signalling and myeloid leukaemia development. Since CD36 has been shown to be Nrf2 regulated, we investigated the expression of the Nrf2 regulated gene, TrxRD1. Our data show that the expression of TrxRD1 was downregulated in transformed U937 AML cells overexpressing WT BCAT1, which taken with the reduction in CD36 implicates less Nrf2 activation. Therefore, this finding may implicate the BCAT1 CXXC motif in wider cellular redox-mediated processes. Altogether, this study provides the first evidence to suggest that the BCAT1 CXXC motif may contribute to the buffering of ROS levels inside AML cells, which may impact ROS-mediated processes in the development of myeloid leukaemia.
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Kansal R. Fructose Metabolism and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2022; 7:25-38. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2021.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Demircan MB, Mgbecheta PC, Kresinsky A, Schnoeder TM, Schröder K, Heidel FH, Böhmer FD. Combined Activity of the Redox-Modulating Compound Setanaxib (GKT137831) with Cytotoxic Agents in the Killing of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030513. [PMID: 35326163 PMCID: PMC8944474 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells harbor elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote cell proliferation and cause oxidative stress. Therefore, the inhibition of ROS formation or elevation beyond a toxic level have been considered as therapeutic strategies. ROS elevation has recently been linked to enhanced NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) activity. Therefore, the compound Setanaxib (GKT137831), a clinically advanced ROS-modulating substance, which has initially been identified as a NOX1/4 inhibitor, was tested for its inhibitory activity on AML cells. Setanaxib showed antiproliferative activity as single compound, and strongly enhanced the cytotoxic action of anthracyclines such as daunorubicin in vitro. Setanaxib attenuated disease in a mouse model of FLT3-ITD driven myeloproliferation in vivo. Setanaxib did not significantly inhibit FLT3-ITD signaling, including FLT3 autophosphorylation, activation of STAT5, AKT, or extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). Surprisingly, the effects of Setanaxib on cell proliferation appeared to be independent of the presence of NOX4 and were not associated with ROS quenching. Instead, Setanaxib caused elevation of ROS levels in the AML cells and importantly, enhanced anthracycline-induced ROS formation, which may contribute to the combined effects. Further assessment of Setanaxib as potential enhancer of cytotoxic AML therapy appears warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Burak Demircan
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.B.D.); (P.C.M.); (A.K.)
- Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (T.M.S.); (F.H.H.)
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipman Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Peter C. Mgbecheta
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.B.D.); (P.C.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Anne Kresinsky
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.B.D.); (P.C.M.); (A.K.)
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipman Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tina M. Schnoeder
- Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (T.M.S.); (F.H.H.)
- Innere Medizin C, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Florian H. Heidel
- Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (T.M.S.); (F.H.H.)
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipman Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Innere Medizin C, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank D. Böhmer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.B.D.); (P.C.M.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
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43
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Rafeeinia A, Asadikaram G, Karimi-Darabi M, Abolhassani M, Abbasi-Jorjandi M, Moazed V. Organochlorine pesticides, oxidative stress biomarkers, and leukemia: a case-control study. J Investig Med 2022; 70:1736-1745. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides has been linked to an elevated risk of leukemia. The present research aimed to evaluate the relationship between organochlorine (OC) pesticides and biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with leukemia. This work was conducted on 109 patients with leukemia and 109 healthy controls. The serum concentrations of seven derivatives of OCs including alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, 2,4-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), 4,4-DDT, 2,4-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and 4,4-DDE along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and catalase (CAT) activities as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), protein carbonyl (PC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in all the subjects. Levels of OCs were remarkably higher in patients with leukemia compared with the controls (p<0.05). In addition, levels of SOD, AChE, GPx, PON1, and TAC were remarkably lower in patients with leukemia compared with controls (p<0.05). In contrast, MDA, NO, and PC concentrations were higher in patients with leukemia than in the controls (p<0.05). Moreover, the serum level of 4,4-DDE was negatively associated with GPx activity (p=0.038). Our findings suggest that OCs may play a role in the development of leukemia by disrupting the oxidant/antioxidant balance.
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Jiang Y, Southam AD, Trova S, Beke F, Alhazmi B, Francis T, Radotra A, di Maio A, Drayson MT, Bunce CM, Khanim FL. Valproic acid disables the Nrf2 anti-oxidant response in acute myeloid leukaemia cells enhancing reactive oxygen species-mediated killing. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:275-286. [PMID: 34686779 PMCID: PMC8770569 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated the in vitro killing of AML cells by the combination of the lipid-lowering agent bezafibrate (BEZ) and the contraceptive hormone medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). A phase II trial demonstrated in vivo safety and efficacy of BEZ and MPA (BaP) in elderly, relapsed/refractory AML and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. However, we observed dose-limiting toxicities in a second trial that attempted to improve outcomes via escalation of BaP doses. Thus we sought to identify a third repurposed drug that potentiates activity of low dose BaP (BaP 0.1 mM). METHODS AND RESULTS We demonstrate that addition of a commonly used anti-epileptic, valproic acid (VAL) to low dose BaP (BaP 0.1 mM)(VBaP) enhanced killing of AML cell lines/primary AML cells to levels similar to high dose BaP (BaP 0.5 mM). Similarly, addition of VAL to BaP 0.1 mM enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis. Overexpression of Nrf2 in K562 and KG1a completely inhibited ROS production and rescued cells from VAL/BaP 0.1 mM/VBaP killing. CONCLUSIONS Given the good safety data of low-dose BaP in elderly/relapsed/refractory AML patients, and that VAL alone is well-tolerated, we propose VBaP as a novel therapeutic combination for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew D. Southam
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sandro Trova
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Flavio Beke
- grid.5335.00000000121885934CRUK Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bader Alhazmi
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Francis
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Anshul Radotra
- grid.412570.50000 0004 0400 5079University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Rd, Coventry, UK
| | - Alessandro di Maio
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark T. Drayson
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chris M. Bunce
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Farhat L. Khanim
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Cheng FF, Liu YL, Du J, Lin JT. Metformin's Mechanisms in Attenuating Hallmarks of Aging and Age-Related Disease. Aging Dis 2022; 13:970-986. [PMID: 35855344 PMCID: PMC9286921 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Yan-Li Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Jang Du
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Jun-Tang Lin
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Jun-Tang Lin, Stem Cell and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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Sun Y, Liu X, Wang L, Xu L, Liu K, Xu L, Shi F, Zhang Y, Gu N, Xiong F. High-performance SOD mimetic enzyme Au@Ce for arresting cell cycle and proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia. Bioact Mater 2021; 10:117-130. [PMID: 34901534 PMCID: PMC8637344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SOD-like activity of CeO2 nanoparticles (Ce NPs) is driven by Ce3+/Ce4+, high oxidative stress can oxidize Ce3+ to reduce the ratio of Ce3+/Ce4+, inactivating the SOD activity of Ce NPs. Herein, we found Au@Ce NPs, assembled by Au NPs and Ce NPs, exhibited high-performance of SOD mimetic enzyme activity even upon the oxidation of H2O2. Ce NPs supported by nano-Au can acquire the electrons from Au NPs through the enhanced localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), maintaining the stability of Ce3+/Ce4+ and SOD-like activity. Meanwhile, Au@Ce NPs retained the peroxidase function and catalase function. As a result, Au@Ce NPs effectively scavenged O2•- and the derived ROS in AML cells, which are the important signaling source that drives AML cell proliferation and accelerates cell cycle progression. When HL-60 cells were treated by Au@Ce NPs, the removal of endogenous ROS signal significantly arrested cell cycle at G1 phase and suppressed the cell proliferation by blocking the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling and the Akt/Cyclin D1 cell cycle signaling. Importantly, this treatment strategy showed therapeutic effect for subcutaneous transplantation of AML model as well as a satisfactory result in diminishing the leukocyte infiltration of liver and spleen particularly. Thus, assembled Au@Ce NPs show the high-performance SOD-like activity, promising the potential in treating AML and regulating abnormal ROS in other diseases safely and efficiently. Assembled Au@Ce NPs exhibited multi-enzyme activity and the high-performance SOD-like activity even upon the oxidation of H2O2. In the assembled Au@Ce NPs, Ce NPs can acquire the electrons from Au NPs to maintain the stability of Ce3+/Ce4+ and SOD activity. Au@Ce can scavenge O2•- and the derived ROS in AML cells to arrest cell cycle signal and proliferation signal. Au@Ce treatment suppressed the growth of HL-60 bearing tumors and prolonged the survival time in systemic AML mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano-Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano-Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Kunliang Liu
- Department of Research and Development, Jinan Guoke Medical Technology Development Co., Ltd., Address: No. 1, Gangxing 3rd Road, High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250013, PR China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fangfang Shi
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano-Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano-Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Fei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano-Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
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Wang YH, Hou HA, Lin CC, Kuo YY, Yao CY, Hsu CL, Tseng MH, Tsai CH, Peng YL, Kao CJ, Chou WC, Tien HF. A CIBERSORTx-based immune cell scoring system could independently predict the prognosis of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4535-4548. [PMID: 34614508 PMCID: PMC8759137 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from cell intrinsic factors such as genetic alterations, immune dysregulation in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays a role in the development and progression of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, the prognostic implications of various immune cells in patients with MDS remain unclear. We adopted CIBERSORTx to estimate the relative fractions of 22 subtypes of immune cells in the BM of 316 patients with MDS and correlated the results with clinical outcomes. A lower fraction of unpolarized M0 macrophages and higher fractions of M2 macrophages and eosinophils were significantly associated with inferior survival. An immune cell scoring system (ICSS) was constructed based on the proportion of these 3 immune cells in the BM. The ICSS high-risk patients had higher BM blast counts, higher frequencies of poor-risk cytogenetics, and more NPM1, TP53, and WT1 mutations than intermediate- and low-risk patients. The ICSS could stratify patients with MDS into 3 risk groups with distinct leukemia-free survival and overall survival among the total cohort and in the subgroups of patients with lower and higher disease risk based on the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R). The prognostic significance of ICSS was also validated in another independent cohort. Multivariable analysis revealed that ICSS independently predicted prognosis, regardless of age, IPSS-R, and mutation status. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between high-risk ICSS and nuclear factor κB signaling, oxidative stress, and leukemic stem cell signature pathways. Further studies investigating the mechanistic insight into the crosstalk between stem cells and immune cells are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yeh Kuo
- Tai-Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; and
| | - Chi-Yuan Yao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuan Tseng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hong Tsai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Peng
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chein-Jun Kao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Chou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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48
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Sanjiv K, Calderón-Montaño JM, Pham TM, Erkers T, Tsuber V, Almlöf I, Höglund A, Heshmati Y, Seashore-Ludlow B, Nagesh Danda A, Gad H, Wiita E, Göktürk C, Rasti A, Friedrich S, Centio A, Estruch M, Våtsveen TK, Struyf N, Visnes T, Scobie M, Koolmeister T, Henriksson M, Wallner O, Sandvall T, Lehmann S, Theilgaard-Mönch K, Garnett MJ, Östling P, Walfridsson J, Helleday T, Warpman Berglund U. MTH1 Inhibitor TH1579 Induces Oxidative DNA Damage and Mitotic Arrest in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5733-5744. [PMID: 34593524 PMCID: PMC9397639 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy, exhibiting high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS levels have been suggested to drive leukemogenesis and is thus a potential novel target for treating AML. MTH1 prevents incorporation of oxidized nucleotides into the DNA to maintain genome integrity and is upregulated in many cancers. Here we demonstrate that hematologic cancers are highly sensitive to MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 (karonudib). A functional precision medicine ex vivo screen in primary AML bone marrow samples demonstrated a broad response profile of TH1579, independent of the genomic alteration of AML, resembling the response profile of the standard-of-care treatments cytarabine and doxorubicin. Furthermore, TH1579 killed primary human AML blast cells (CD45+) as well as chemotherapy resistance leukemic stem cells (CD45+Lin-CD34+CD38-), which are often responsible for AML progression. TH1579 killed AML cells by causing mitotic arrest, elevating intracellular ROS levels, and enhancing oxidative DNA damage. TH1579 showed a significant therapeutic window, was well tolerated in animals, and could be combined with standard-of-care treatments to further improve efficacy. TH1579 significantly improved survival in two different AML disease models in vivo. In conclusion, the preclinical data presented here support that TH1579 is a promising novel anticancer agent for AML, providing a rationale to investigate the clinical usefulness of TH1579 in AML in an ongoing clinical phase I trial. SIGNIFICANCE: The MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 is a potential novel AML treatment, targeting both blasts and the pivotal leukemic stem cells while sparing normal bone marrow cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Therese M. Pham
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Erkers
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktoriia Tsuber
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Höglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yaser Heshmati
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brinton Seashore-Ludlow
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akhilesh Nagesh Danda
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helge Gad
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisee Wiita
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Göktürk
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Azita Rasti
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Friedrich
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Centio
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Montserrat Estruch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thea Kristin Våtsveen
- Department for Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for B cell malignancies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nona Struyf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torkild Visnes
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Scobie
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Koolmeister
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Henriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olov Wallner
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresa Sandvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sören Lehmann
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Haematology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kim Theilgaard-Mönch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/National University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet/National Univ. Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Päivi Östling
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian Walfridsson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Oxcia AB, Stockholm, Sweden.,Corresponding Author: Ulrika Warpman Berglund, Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 23A, Stockholm 17121, Sweden or Oxcia AB, Norrbackagatan 70C, SE-113 34 Stockholm, Sweden. Phone: 46-73-2709605; E-mail: or
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49
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Pharmaco-proteogenomic profiling of pediatric diffuse midline glioma to inform future treatment strategies. Oncogene 2021; 41:461-475. [PMID: 34759345 PMCID: PMC8782719 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a deadly pediatric and adolescent central nervous system (CNS) tumor localized along the midline structures of the brain atop the spinal cord. With a median overall survival (OS) of just 9–11-months, DMG is characterized by global hypomethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), driven by recurring somatic mutations in H3 genes including, HIST1H3B/C (H3.1K27M) or H3F3A (H3.3K27M), or through overexpression of EZHIP in patients harboring wildtype H3. The recent World Health Organization’s 5th Classification of CNS Tumors now designates DMG as, ‘H3 K27-altered’, suggesting that global H3K27me3 hypomethylation is a ubiquitous feature of DMG and drives devastating transcriptional programs for which there are no treatments. H3-alterations co-segregate with various other somatic driver mutations, highlighting the high-level of intertumoral heterogeneity of DMG. Furthermore, DMG is also characterized by very high-level intratumoral diversity with tumors harboring multiple subclones within each primary tumor. Each subclone contains their own combinations of driver and passenger lesions that continually evolve, making precision-based medicine challenging to successful execute. Whilst the intertumoral heterogeneity of DMG has been extensively investigated, this is yet to translate to an increase in patient survival. Conversely, our understanding of the non-genomic factors that drive the rapid growth and fatal nature of DMG, including endogenous and exogenous microenvironmental influences, neurological cues, and the posttranscriptional and posttranslational architecture of DMG remains enigmatic or at best, immature. However, these factors are likely to play a significant role in the complex biological sequelae that drives the disease. Here we summarize the heterogeneity of DMG and emphasize how analysis of the posttranslational architecture may improve treatment paradigms. We describe factors that contribute to treatment response and disease progression, as well as highlight the potential for pharmaco-proteogenomics (i.e., the integration of genomics, proteomics and pharmacology) in the management of this uniformly fatal cancer.
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50
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Reactive Oxygen Species in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Reducing Radicals to Refine Responses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101616. [PMID: 34679751 PMCID: PMC8533157 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common cancer diagnosed in children and adolescents. Approximately 70% of patients survive >5-years following diagnosis, however, for those that fail upfront therapies, survival is poor. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are elevated in a range of cancers and are emerging as significant contributors to the leukaemogenesis of ALL. ROS modulate the function of signalling proteins through oxidation of cysteine residues, as well as promote genomic instability by damaging DNA, to promote chemotherapy resistance. Current therapeutic approaches exploit the pro-oxidant intracellular environment of malignant B and T lymphoblasts to cause irreversible DNA damage and cell death, however these strategies impact normal haematopoiesis and lead to long lasting side-effects. Therapies suppressing ROS production, especially those targeting ROS producing enzymes such as the NADPH oxidases (NOXs), are emerging alternatives to treat cancers and may be exploited to improve the ALL treatment. Here, we discuss the roles that ROS play in normal haematopoiesis and in ALL. We explore the molecular mechanisms underpinning overproduction of ROS in ALL, and their roles in disease progression and drug resistance. Finally, we examine strategies to target ROS production, with a specific focus on the NOX enzymes, to improve the treatment of ALL.
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