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Rahman MA, Sarker A, Ayaz M, Shatabdy AR, Haque N, Jalouli M, Rahman MDH, Mou TJ, Dey SK, Hoque Apu E, Zafar MS, Parvez MAK. An Update on the Study of the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Autophagy during Bacterial Pathogenesis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1757. [PMID: 39200221 PMCID: PMC11351677 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a unique catabolic process that degrades irrelevant or damaged components in eukaryotic cells to maintain homeostasis and eliminate infections from pathogenesis. Pathogenic bacteria have developed many autophagy manipulation techniques that affect host immune responses and intracellular bacterial pathogens have evolved to avoid xenophagy. However, reducing its effectiveness as an innate immune response has not yet been elucidated. Bacterial pathogens cause autophagy in infected cells as a cell-autonomous defense mechanism to eliminate the pathogen. However, harmful bacteria have learned to control autophagy and defeat host defenses. Intracellular bacteria can stimulate and control autophagy, while others inhibit it to prevent xenophagy and lysosomal breakdown. This review evaluates the putative functions for xenophagy in regulating bacterial infection, emphasizing that successful pathogens have evolved strategies to disrupt or exploit this defense, reducing its efficiency in innate immunity. Instead, animal models show that autophagy-associated proteins influence bacterial pathogenicity outside of xenophagy. We also examine the consequences of the complex interaction between autophagy and bacterial pathogens in light of current efforts to modify autophagy and develop host-directed therapeutics to fight bacterial infections. Therefore, effective pathogens have evolved to subvert or exploit xenophagy, although autophagy-associated proteins can influence bacterial pathogenicity outside of xenophagy. Finally, this review implies how the complex interaction between autophagy and bacterial pathogens affects host-directed therapy for bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Amily Sarker
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.R.S.); (N.H.); (T.J.M.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Mohammed Ayaz
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.R.S.); (N.H.); (T.J.M.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Ananya Rahman Shatabdy
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.R.S.); (N.H.); (T.J.M.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Nabila Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.R.S.); (N.H.); (T.J.M.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Maroua Jalouli
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia;
| | - MD. Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh;
| | - Taslin Jahan Mou
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.R.S.); (N.H.); (T.J.M.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Shuvra Kanti Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.R.S.); (N.H.); (T.J.M.); (S.K.D.)
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37923, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Md. Anowar Khasru Parvez
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar 1342, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (M.A.); (A.R.S.); (N.H.); (T.J.M.); (S.K.D.)
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Guo S, Xu Z, Feng Q, Zhang H, Yu D, Li B, Hu K, Gao X, Zhang Q, Yi H, Wu X, Song D, Zhu H, Cai H, Peng Y, Zhu W, Shi J. Molecular mechanism by which RRM2-inhibitor (cholagogue osalmid) plus bafilomycin A1 cause autophagic cell death in multiple myeloma. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 747:109771. [PMID: 37776936 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant improvement in the prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM), the disease remains incurable; thus, more effective therapies are required. Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) is significantly associated with drug resistance, rapid relapse, and poor prognosis. Previously, we found that 4-hydroxysalicylanilide (osalmid), a specific inhibitor of RRM2, exhibits anti-MM activity in vitro, in vivo, and in human patients; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Osalmid inhibits the translocation of RRM2 to the nucleus and stimulates autophagosome synthesis but inhibits subsequent autophagosome-lysosome fusion. We confirm that RRM2 binds to receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and reduces RIPK3, inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Interestingly, the combination of osalmid and bafilomycin A1 (an autophagy inhibitor) depletes RIPK3 and aggravates p62 and autophagosome accumulation, leading to autophagic cell death. Combination therapy demonstrates synergistic cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we propose that combining osalmid and bafilomycin A1(BafA1) may have clinical benefits against MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Guo
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qilin Feng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xuejie Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qikai Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hongfei Yi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Dongliang Song
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Huabin Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Haiyan Cai
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Zhang J, Han L, Ma Q, Wang X, Yu J, Xu Y, Zhang X, Wu X, Deng G. RIP3 impedes Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival and promotes p62-mediated autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109696. [PMID: 36638666 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage is believed to play a vital role in the fight against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection by activating autophagy. Recently, receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIP3), an essential kinase for necroptotic cell death signaling, has been demonstrated to be involved in autophagy. However, RIP3's role in fighting against M.tb infection remains elusive. Here we show that a substantial increase in inflammatory cell infiltration and higher bacterial burden are observed in the lungs of RIP3-/- mice with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection. Meanwhile, RIP3 ameliorates lung injury and promote autophagy via induce autophagosome and autophagolysosome formation which indicate that RIP3 is indispensable for host clearance of BCG via autophagy. Mechanically, RIP3 enhances p62 binding to ubiquitylated proteins and LC3 by interacting with p62, and RHIM domain is required for RIP3-p62 interaction. Hence, our results conclusively show that RIP3 impedes M.tb survival and promotes p62-mediated autophagy. The findings provide further insight into understanding the mechanism of M.tb immune escape and pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Zhang
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia 750021, China; School of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan, NingXia 750021, China
| | - Lu Han
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia 750021, China; School of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan, NingXia 750021, China
| | - Qinmei Ma
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia 750021, China; School of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan, NingXia 750021, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Ningxia Institute for Tuberculosis Control, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia 750021, China; School of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan, NingXia 750021, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia 750021, China; School of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan, NingXia 750021, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia 750021, China; School of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan, NingXia 750021, China.
| | - Guangcun Deng
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia 750021, China; School of Life Science, NingXia University, Yinchuan, NingXia 750021, China.
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Hasankhani A, Bahrami A, Mackie S, Maghsoodi S, Alawamleh HSK, Sheybani N, Safarpoor Dehkordi F, Rajabi F, Javanmard G, Khadem H, Barkema HW, De Donato M. In-depth systems biological evaluation of bovine alveolar macrophages suggests novel insights into molecular mechanisms underlying Mycobacterium bovis infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1041314. [PMID: 36532492 PMCID: PMC9748370 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1041314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic respiratory infectious disease of domestic livestock caused by intracellular Mycobacterium bovis infection, which causes ~$3 billion in annual losses to global agriculture. Providing novel tools for bTB managements requires a comprehensive understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the M. bovis infection. Nevertheless, a combination of different bioinformatics and systems biology methods was used in this study in order to clearly understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms of bTB, especially the immunomodulatory mechanisms of M. bovis infection. Methods RNA-seq data were retrieved and processed from 78 (39 non-infected control vs. 39 M. bovis-infected samples) bovine alveolar macrophages (bAMs). Next, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify the co-expression modules in non-infected control bAMs as reference set. The WGCNA module preservation approach was then used to identify non-preserved modules between non-infected controls and M. bovis-infected samples (test set). Additionally, functional enrichment analysis was used to investigate the biological behavior of the non-preserved modules and to identify bTB-specific non-preserved modules. Co-expressed hub genes were identified based on module membership (MM) criteria of WGCNA in the non-preserved modules and then integrated with protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks to identify co-expressed hub genes/transcription factors (TFs) with the highest maximal clique centrality (MCC) score (hub-central genes). Results As result, WGCNA analysis led to the identification of 21 modules in the non-infected control bAMs (reference set), among which the topological properties of 14 modules were altered in the M. bovis-infected bAMs (test set). Interestingly, 7 of the 14 non-preserved modules were directly related to the molecular mechanisms underlying the host immune response, immunosuppressive mechanisms of M. bovis, and bTB development. Moreover, among the co-expressed hub genes and TFs of the bTB-specific non-preserved modules, 260 genes/TFs had double centrality in both co-expression and PPI networks and played a crucial role in bAMs-M. bovis interactions. Some of these hub-central genes/TFs, including PSMC4, SRC, BCL2L1, VPS11, MDM2, IRF1, CDKN1A, NLRP3, TLR2, MMP9, ZAP70, LCK, TNF, CCL4, MMP1, CTLA4, ITK, IL6, IL1A, IL1B, CCL20, CD3E, NFKB1, EDN1, STAT1, TIMP1, PTGS2, TNFAIP3, BIRC3, MAPK8, VEGFA, VPS18, ICAM1, TBK1, CTSS, IL10, ACAA1, VPS33B, and HIF1A, had potential targets for inducing immunomodulatory mechanisms by M. bovis to evade the host defense response. Conclusion The present study provides an in-depth insight into the molecular regulatory mechanisms behind M. bovis infection through biological investigation of the candidate non-preserved modules directly related to bTB development. Furthermore, several hub-central genes/TFs were identified that were significant in determining the fate of M. bovis infection and could be promising targets for developing novel anti-bTB therapies and diagnosis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Hasankhani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Biomedical Center for Systems Biology Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Shayan Mackie
- Faculty of Science, Earth Sciences Building, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sairan Maghsoodi
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Heba Saed Kariem Alawamleh
- Department of Basic Scientific Sciences, AL-Balqa Applied University, AL-Huson University College, AL-Huson, Jordan
| | - Negin Sheybani
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Safarpoor Dehkordi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rajabi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Javanmard
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hosein Khadem
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Herman W. Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marcos De Donato
- Regional Department of Bioengineering, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
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Li Y, Yin Q, Wang B, Shen T, Luo W, Liu T. Preclinical reserpine models recapitulating motor and non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease: Roles of epigenetic upregulation of alpha-synuclein and autophagy impairment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944376. [PMID: 36313295 PMCID: PMC9597253 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reserpine is an effective drug for the clinical treatment of hypertension. It also induces Parkinson’s disease (PD)-like symptoms in humans and animals possible through the inhibition of monoamine vesicular transporters, thus decreasing the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain. However, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to develop a preclinical reserpine model recapitulating the non-motor and motor symptoms of PD and investigate the underlying potential cellular mechanisms. Incubation of reserpine induced apoptosis, led to the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lowered DNA methylation of alpha-synuclein gene, resulted in alpha-synuclein protein deposition, and elevated the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-Ⅰ and p62 in cultured SH-SY5Y cells. Feeding reserpine dose-dependently shortened the lifespan and caused impairment of motor functions in male and female Drosophila. Moreover, long-term oral administration of reserpine led to multiple motor and non-motor symptoms, including constipation, pain hypersensitivity, olfactory impairment, and depression-like behaviors in mice. The mechanistic studies showed that chronic reserpine exposure caused hypomethylation of the alpha-synuclein gene and up-regulated its expression and elevated the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-Ⅰ and expression of p62 in the substantia nigra of mice. Thus, we established preclinical animal models using reserpine to recapitulate the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. Chronic reserpine exposure epigenetically elevated the levels of alpha-synuclein expression possible by lowering the DNA methylation status and inducing autophagic impairment in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Qiao Yin
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingting Shen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Luo
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tong Liu, ; Weifeng Luo,
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Tong Liu, ; Weifeng Luo,
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