1
|
Khazem F, Zetoune AB. Decoding high mobility group A2 protein expression regulation and implications in human cancers. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:322. [PMID: 39085703 PMCID: PMC11291832 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
High Mobility Group A2 (HMGA2) oncofetal proteins are a distinct category of Transcription Factors (TFs) known as "architectural factors" due to their lack of direct transcriptional activity. Instead, they modulate the three-dimensional structure of chromatin by binding to AT-rich regions in the minor grooves of DNA through their AT-hooks. This binding allows HMGA2 to interact with other proteins and different regions of DNA, thereby regulating the expression of numerous genes involved in carcinogenesis. Consequently, multiple mechanisms exist to finely control HMGA2 protein expression at various transcriptional levels, ensuring precise concentration adjustments to maintain cellular homeostasis. During embryonic development, HMGA2 protein is highly expressed but becomes absent in adult tissues. However, recent studies have revealed its re-elevation in various cancer types. Extensive research has demonstrated the involvement of HMGA2 protein in carcinogenesis at multiple levels. It intervenes in crucial processes such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer cell stemness, and DNA damage repair mechanisms, ultimately promoting cancer cell survival. This comprehensive review provides insights into the HMGA2 protein, spanning from the genetic regulation to functional protein behavior. It highlights the significant mechanisms governing HMGA2 gene expression and elucidates the molecular roles of HMGA2 in the carcinogenesis process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Khazem
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paul EN, Carpenter TJ, Pavliscak LA, Bennett AZ, Ochoa-Bernal MA, Fazleabas AT, Teixeira JM. HMGA2 overexpression induces plasticity in myometrial cells and a transcriptomic profile more similar to that of uterine fibroids. F&S SCIENCE 2024:S2666-335X(24)00041-7. [PMID: 39025326 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the possible role for HMGA2 overexpression in differentiated myometrial cells and its potential to induce a stem cell-like or dedifferentiating phenotype and drive fibroid development. DESIGN Myometrial cells were immortalized and transduced with an HMGA2 lentivirus to produce HMGA2hi cells. In vitro stem cell assays were conducted, and ribonucleic acid from HMGA2hi and control cells as well as fibroid-free myometrial and HMGA2 fibroid (HMGA2F) tissues were submitted for ribonucleic acid sequencing. SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Women who underwent hysterectomy for symptomatic uterine fibroids or other gynecological conditions. INTERVENTION(S) Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) In vitro stem cell-like properties from myometrial cell lines. Ribonucleic acid sequencing and collagen production of HMGA2-overexpressing primary leiomyoma tissue and cell lines. RESULT(S) HMGA2hi cells had enhanced self-renewal capacity, decreased proliferation, and a greater ability to differentiate into other mesenchymal cell types. HMGA2hi cells exhibited a stem cell-like signature and shared transcriptomic similarities with HMGA2F. Moreover, dysregulated extracellular matrix pathways were observed in both HMGA2hi cells and HMGA2F. CONCLUSION(S) Our findings show that HMGA2 overexpression may drive myometrial cells to dedifferentiate into a more plastic phenotype and provide evidence for an alternative mechanism for fibroid etiology, suggesting that fibroids arise not only from a mutated stem cell but also from a mutated differentiated myometrial cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel N Paul
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Tyler J Carpenter
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Laura A Pavliscak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Abigail Z Bennett
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Maria Ariadna Ochoa-Bernal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Asgerally T Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Jose M Teixeira
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paul EN, Carpenter TJ, Pavliscak LA, Bennett AZ, Ochoa-Bernal MA, Fazleabas AT, Teixeira JM. Unraveling the Molecular Landscape of Uterine Fibroids, Insights into HMGA2 and Stem Cell Involvement. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591351. [PMID: 38712187 PMCID: PMC11071509 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Uterine fibroids are prevalent benign tumors in women that exhibit considerable heterogeneity in clinical presentation and molecular characteristics, necessitating a deeper understanding of their etiology and pathogenesis. HMGA2 overexpression has been associated with fibroid development, yet its precise role remains elusive. Mutations in fibroids are mutually exclusive and largely clonal, suggesting that tumors originate from a single mutant cell. We explored a possible role for HMGA2 overexpression in differentiated myometrial cells, hypothesizing its potential to induce a stem cell-like or dedifferentiating phenotype and drive fibroid development. Myometrial cells were immortalized and transduced with an HMGA2 lentivirus to produce HMGA2hi cells. In vitro stem cell assays were conducted and RNA from HMGA2hi and control cells and fibroid-free myometrial and HMGA2 fibroid (HMGA2F) tissues were submitted for RNA-sequencing. HMGA2hi cells have enhanced self-renewal capacity, decreased proliferation, and have a greater ability to differentiate into other mesenchymal cell types. HMGA2hi cells exhibit a stem cell-like signature and share transcriptomic similarities with HMGA2F. Moreover, dysregulated extracellular matrix pathways are observed in both HMGA2hi cells and HMGA2F. Our findings suggest that HMGA2 overexpression drives myometrial cells to dedifferentiate into a more plastic phenotype and underscore a pivotal role for HMGA2 in fibroid pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu J, Li X, Lu Q, Li X, Shan H. HMGA1 regulates the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01236-6. [PMID: 38430408 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
High mobility group protein AT-hook 1 (HMGA1), an architectural transcription factor, has previously been reportedto play an essential role in architectural remodeling processes. However, its effects on cardiovascular diseases, particularly sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, have remained unclear. The study aimed to investigate the role of HMGA1 in lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiomyopathy. Mice subjected to lipopolysaccharide for 12 h resulted in cardiac dysfunction. We used an adeno-associated virus 9 delivery system to achieve cardiac-specific expression of the HMGA1 gene in the mice. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were infected with Ad-HMGA1 to overexpress HMGA1 or transfected with si-HMGA1 to knock down HMGA1. Echocardiography was applied to measure cardiac function. RT-PCR was used to detect the transcriptional level of inflammatory cytokines. CD45 and CD68 immunohistochemical staining were used to detect inflammatory cell infiltration and TUNEL staining to evaluate the cardiomyocyte apoptosis, MitoSox was used to detect mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, JC-1 was used todetect Mitochondrial membrane potential. Our findings revealed that the overexpression of HMGA1 exacerbated myocardial inflammation and apoptosis in response to lipopolysaccharide treatment. Additionally, we also observed that H9c2 cardiomyocytes with HMGA1 overexpression exhibited enhanced inflammation and apoptosis upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide for 12 h. Conversely, HMGA1 knockdown in H9c2 cardiomyocytes attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiomyocyte inflammation and apoptosis. Further investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects showed that HMGA1 promoted lipopolysaccharide-induced mitochondrial-dependent cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The study reveals that HMGA1 worsens myocardial inflammation and apoptosis in response to lipopolysaccharide treatment. Mechanically, HMGA1 exerts its effects by regulating the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Changji Branch, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qianqian Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Medical School of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongying Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shah A, Choudhary A, Jain M, Perumal S, Patel V, Parmar G, Patel A. Discovery of novel anticancer flavonoids as potential HDAC2 inhibitors: virtual screening approach based on molecular docking, DFT and molecular dynamics simulations studies. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:83. [PMID: 38375511 PMCID: PMC10874358 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Virtual screening of a library of 329 flavonoids obtained from the NPACT database was performed to find out potential novel HDAC2 inhibitors. Eleven out of 329 selected flavonoids were screened based on molecular docking studies, as they have higher binding affinities than the standard drugs vorinostat and panobinostat. All screened compounds occupying the catalytic site of HDAC2 showed important molecular interaction with Zn2+ and other important amino acids in the binding pocket. The screened compounds were validated using ADMET filtration and bioactivity prediction from which we obtained six compounds, NPACT00270, NPACT00676, NPACT00700, NPACT001008, NPACT001054, and NPACT001407, which were analyzed using DFT studies. DFT studies were performed for all six screened flavonoids. In DFT studies, three flavonoids, NPACT00700, NPACT001008, and NPACT001407, were found to be better based on HOMO-LUMO and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analyses. Furthermore, MD simulations were performed for 100 ns for the three compounds. In the MD analysis, NPACT001407 was found to be more stable in the active site of HDAC2 as zinc formed a coordination bond with ASP181, HIS183, ASP269, and GLY305, along with two hydroxyl groups of the ligand. Our findings reveal that these flavonoids can interact as ligands with the active site of HDAC2. Because of the absence of a hydroxamate group in flavonoids, there are no possibilities for the formation of isocyanate. This suggests that the major drawback of current HDACs inhibitors may be solved. Further experimental validation is needed to understand the selectivity of flavonoids as HDAC2 inhibitors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03912-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat India
| | - Aarti Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat India
| | - Manav Jain
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Sathiaseelan Perumal
- Department of Chemistry, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Vaishali Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Laxminarayan Dev College of Pharmacy, Bharuch, Gujarat India
| | - Ghanshyam Parmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Anand, Gujarat India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
XIE JIANYUN, LU LINJIE, ZHANG JIALI, LI QIRUI, CHEN WEIDONG. CircTHSD4 promotes the malignancy and docetaxel (DTX) resistance in prostate cancer by regulating miR-203/HMGA2 axis. Oncol Res 2024; 32:529-544. [PMID: 38361751 PMCID: PMC10865731 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.031511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Circular ribose nucleic acids (circRNAs) are implicated in tumor progression and drug resistance of prostate cancer (PCa). The current work explored the function of circ_0005203 (circTHSD4) in the malignancy and docetaxel (DTX) resistance of PCa. Methods circTHSD4 expression within PCa as well as matched non-carcinoma samples was measured through real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In addition, a subcellular fraction assay was conducted to determine circTHSD4 subcellular localization within PCa cells. In addition, we performed a Western blot (WB) assay to detect high-mobility-group A2 protein (HMGA2) levels. Besides, functional associations of two molecules were investigated through dual luciferase reporter assay. Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8, colony formation together with Transwell assay was conducted to assess malignant phenotypes of PCa cells, whereas flow cytometry was performed to determine cell apoptosis. Furthermore, a xenograft mouse model was constructed to verify the effect of circTHSD4 on the carcinogenesis of PCa cells. Results According to RT-qPCR results, circTHSD4 was up-regulated within PCa tissues and cells, which predicted the dismal prognostic outcome of PCa cases. circTHSD4 silencing within PCa cells markedly suppressed cell growth, migration, and colony formation. circTHSD4 silencing remarkably elevated PCa cell apoptosis and carcinogenesis within the xenograft model. Further, circTHSD4 silencing enhanced docetaxel (DTX) sensitivity in PCa cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that circTHSD4 modulated the malignancy of PCa cells by regulating HMGA2 expression through sponging miR-203. Conclusion Together, our findings suggest that circTHSD4 overexpression could promote the malignant phenotype and DTX resistance in PCa through the regulation of the miR-203/HMGA2 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JIANYUN XIE
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - LINJIE LU
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - JIALI ZHANG
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - QIRUI LI
- Department of Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - WEIDONG CHEN
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zheng X, Zhao D, Liu Y, Jin Y, Liu T, Li H, Liu D. Regeneration and anti-inflammatory effects of stem cells and their extracellular vesicles in gynecological diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115739. [PMID: 37862976 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many gynecological diseases, among which breast cancer (BC), cervical cancer (CC), endometriosis (EMs), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are common and difficult to cure. Stem cells (SCs) are a focus of regenerative medicine. They are commonly used to treat organ damage and difficult diseases because of their potential for self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation. SCs are also commonly used for difficult-to-treat gynecological diseases because of their strong directional differentiation ability with unlimited possibilities, their tendency to adhere to the diseased tissue site, and their use as carriers for drug delivery. SCs can produce exosomes in a paracrine manner. Exosomes can be produced in large quantities and have the advantage of easy storage. Their safety and efficacy are superior to those of SCs, which have considerable potential in gynecological treatment, such as inhibiting endometrial senescence, promoting vascular reconstruction, and improving anti-inflammatory and immune functions. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of the regenerative and anti-inflammatory capacity of SCs and exosomes in incurable gynecological diseases and the current progress in their application in genetic engineering to provide a foundation for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zheng
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Tianjia Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; Baicheng Medical College, Baicheng 137000, China.
| | - Huijing Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Da Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tocci V, Mirabelli M, Salatino A, Sicilia L, Giuliano S, Brunetti FS, Chiefari E, De Sarro G, Foti DP, Brunetti A. Metformin in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: To Use or Not to Use, That Is the Question. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1318. [PMID: 37765126 PMCID: PMC10537239 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM occurs when maternal insulin resistance develops and/or progresses during gestation, and it is not compensated by a rise in maternal insulin secretion. If not properly managed, this condition can cause serious short-term and long-term problems for both mother and child. Lifestyle changes are the first line of treatment for GDM, but if ineffective, insulin injections are the recommended pharmacological treatment choice. Some guidance authorities and scientific societies have proposed the use of metformin as an alternative pharmacological option for treating GDM, but there is not yet a unanimous consensus on this. Although the use of metformin appears to be safe for the mother, concerns remain about its long-term metabolic effects on the child that is exposed in utero to the drug, given that metformin, contrary to insulin, crosses the placenta. This review article describes the existing lines of evidence about the use of metformin in pregnancies complicated by GDM, in order to clarify its potential benefits and limits, and to help clinicians make decisions about who could benefit most from this drug treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Tocci
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.T.); (M.M.)
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes in Pregnancy Ambulatory Care Center, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Mirabelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.T.); (M.M.)
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes in Pregnancy Ambulatory Care Center, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Salatino
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Luciana Sicilia
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes in Pregnancy Ambulatory Care Center, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Giuliano
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes in Pregnancy Ambulatory Care Center, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco S. Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Eusebio Chiefari
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Daniela P. Foti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.T.); (M.M.)
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes in Pregnancy Ambulatory Care Center, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jin Y, Li S, Yu Q, Chen T, Liu D. Application of stem cells in regeneration medicine. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e291. [PMID: 37337579 PMCID: PMC10276889 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration is a complex process affected by many elements independent or combined, including inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Stem cells is a class of primitive cells with the potentiality of differentiation, regenerate with self-replication, multidirectional differentiation, and immunomodulatory functions. Stem cells and their cytokines not only inextricably linked to the regeneration of ectodermal and skin tissues, but also can be used for the treatment of a variety of chronic wounds. Stem cells can produce exosomes in a paracrine manner. Stem cell exosomes play an important role in tissue regeneration, repair, and accelerated wound healing, the biological properties of which are similar with stem cells, while stem cell exosomes are safer and more effective. Skin and bone tissues are critical organs in the body, which are essential for sustaining life activities. The weak repairing ability leads a pronounced impact on the quality of life of patients, which could be alleviated by stem cell exosomes treatment. However, there are obstacles that stem cells and stem cells exosomes trough skin for improved bioavailability. This paper summarizes the applications and mechanisms of stem cells and stem cells exosomes for skin and bone healing. We also propose new ways of utilizing stem cells and their exosomes through different nanoformulations, liposomes and nanoliposomes, polymer micelles, microspheres, hydrogels, and scaffold microneedles, to improve their use in tissue healing and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin
- School of PharmacyChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunJilinChina
| | - Shuangyang Li
- School of PharmacyChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunJilinChina
| | - Qixuan Yu
- School of PharmacyChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunJilinChina
| | - Tianli Chen
- School of PharmacyChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunJilinChina
| | - Da Liu
- School of PharmacyChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchunJilinChina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Konteles V, Papathanasiou I, Tzetis M, Goussetis E, Trachana V, Mourmoura E, Balis C, Malizos K, Tsezou A. Integration of Transcriptome and MicroRNA Profile Analysis of iMSCs Defines Their Rejuvenated State and Conveys Them into a Novel Resource for Cell Therapy in Osteoarthritis. Cells 2023; 12:1756. [PMID: 37443790 PMCID: PMC10340510 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although MSCs grant pronounced potential for cell therapies, several factors, such as their heterogeneity restrict their use. To overcome these limitations, iMSCs (MSCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have attracted attention. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome of MSCs, iPSCs and iMSCs derived from healthy individuals and osteoarthritis (OA) patients and explored miRNA-mRNA interactions during these transitions. We performed RNA-seq and gene expression comparisons and Protein-Protein-Interaction analysis followed by GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses. MicroRNAs' (miRNA) expression profile using miRarrays and differentially expressed miRNA's impact on regulating iMSCs gene expression was also explored. Our analyses revealed that iMSCs derivation from iPSCs favors the expression of genes conferring high proliferation, differentiation, and migration properties, all of which contribute to a rejuvenated state of iMSCs compared to primary MSCs. Additionally, our exploration of the involvement of miRNAs in this rejuvenated iMSCs transcriptome concluded in twenty-six miRNAs that, as our analysis showed, are implicated in pluripotency. Notably, the identified here interactions between hsa-let7b/i, hsa-miR-221/222-3p, hsa-miR-302c, hsa-miR-181a, hsa-miR-331 with target genes HMGA2, IGF2BP3, STARD4, and APOL6 could prove to be the necessary tools that will convey iMSCs into the ideal mean for cell therapy in osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Konteles
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (V.K.); (I.P.)
| | - Ioanna Papathanasiou
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (V.K.); (I.P.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Maria Tzetis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evgenios Goussetis
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Varvara Trachana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Evanthia Mourmoura
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (V.K.); (I.P.)
| | - Charalampos Balis
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (V.K.); (I.P.)
| | - Konstantinos Malizos
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Aspasia Tsezou
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (V.K.); (I.P.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A View on Uterine Leiomyoma Genesis through the Prism of Genetic, Epigenetic and Cellular Heterogeneity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065752. [PMID: 36982825 PMCID: PMC10056617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (ULs), frequent benign tumours of the female reproductive tract, are associated with a range of symptoms and significant morbidity. Despite extensive research, there is no consensus on essential points of UL initiation and development. The main reason for this is a pronounced inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity resulting from diverse and complicated mechanisms underlying UL pathobiology. In this review, we comprehensively analyse risk and protective factors for UL development, UL cellular composition, hormonal and paracrine signalling, epigenetic regulation and genetic abnormalities. We conclude the need to carefully update the concept of UL genesis in light of the current data. Staying within the framework of the existing hypotheses, we introduce a possible timeline for UL development and the associated key events—from potential prerequisites to the beginning of UL formation and the onset of driver and passenger changes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gaudreau-Lapierre A, Klonisch T, Nicolas H, Thanasupawat T, Trinkle-Mulcahy L, Hombach-Klonisch S. Nuclear High Mobility Group A2 (HMGA2) Interactome Revealed by Biotin Proximity Labeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044246. [PMID: 36835656 PMCID: PMC9966875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-histone chromatin binding protein High Mobility Group AT-hook protein 2 (HMGA2) has important functions in chromatin remodeling, and genome maintenance and protection. Expression of HMGA2 is highest in embryonic stem cells, declines during cell differentiation and cell aging, but it is re-expressed in some cancers, where high HMGA2 expression frequently coincides with a poor prognosis. The nuclear functions of HMGA2 cannot be explained by binding to chromatin alone but involve complex interactions with other proteins that are incompletely understood. The present study used biotin proximity labeling, followed by proteomic analysis, to identify the nuclear interaction partners of HMGA2. We tested two different biotin ligase HMGA2 constructs (BioID2 and miniTurbo) with similar results, and identified known and new HMGA2 interaction partners, with functionalities mainly in chromatin biology. These HMGA2 biotin ligase fusion constructs offer exciting new possibilities for interactome discovery research, enabling the monitoring of nuclear HMGA2 interactomes during drug treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gaudreau-Lapierre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology (RIOH), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Hannah Nicolas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Thatchawan Thanasupawat
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sabine Hombach-Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-789-3982; Fax: +1-204-789-3920
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang B, Guo H, Liu D, Wu S, Liu J, Lan X, Huang H, An F, Zhu J, Ji J, Wang L, Ouyang H, Li M. ETS1-HMGA2 Axis Promotes Human Limbal Epithelial Stem Cell Proliferation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:12. [PMID: 36652264 PMCID: PMC9855287 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of ETS1 in the proliferation and differentiation of human limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs). Methods RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR were used to determine gene expression changes when ETS1 and HMGA2 was knocked down using short-hairpin RNAs or overexpressed by lentivirus. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry experiments were performed to assess the roles of ETS1 and HMGA2 in LESC proliferation. ETS1-bound cis-regulatory elements and target genes in LESCs were identified using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. The epigenetic features of ETS1-binding sites were assessed by the published histone modification and chromatin accessibility profiles. Results ETS1 was robustly expressed in LESCs but dramatically reduced on differentiation into corneal epithelial cells (CECs). ETS1 knockdown in LESCs inhibited cellular proliferation and activated CEC markers (KRT3, KRT12, CLU, and ALDH3A1). When ETS1 was overexpressed during CEC differentiation, LESC-associated genes were upregulated while CEC-associated genes were downregulated. The genome-wide binding profile of ETS1 was identified in LESCs. ETS1 occupied H3K4me3-marked promoters and H3K27ac/H3K4me1-marked enhancers. ETS1-binding sites were also enriched for chromatin accessibility signal. HMGA2 showed a consistent expression pattern with ETS1. ETS1 activates HMAG2 by binding to its promoter. Knockdown and overexpression experiments suggested that HMGA2 can promote LESC proliferation and inhibits its differentiation. Conclusions ETS1 promotes LESC proliferation and inhibits its differentiation via activating HMGA2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xihong Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengjiao An
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jokinen V, Mehine M, Reinikka S, Khamaiseh S, Ahvenainen T, Äyräväinen A, Härkki P, Bützow R, Pasanen A, Vahteristo P. 3'RNA and whole-genome sequencing of archival uterine leiomyomas reveal a tumor subtype with chromosomal rearrangements affecting either HMGA2, HMGA1, or PLAG1. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2023; 62:27-38. [PMID: 35822448 PMCID: PMC9804854 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas, or fibroids, are very common smooth muscle tumors that arise from the myometrium. They can be divided into distinct molecular subtypes. We have previously shown that 3'RNA-sequencing is highly effective in classifying archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) leiomyomas according to the underlying mutation. In this study, we performed 3'RNA-sequencing with 111 FFPE leiomyomas previously classified as negative for driver alterations in mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12), high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), and fumarate hydratase (FH) by Sanger sequencing and immunohistochemistry. This revealed 43 tumors that displayed expression features typically seen in HMGA2-positive tumors, including overexpression of PLAG1. We explored 12 such leiomyomas by whole-genome sequencing to identify their underlying genomic drivers and to evaluate the feasibility of detecting chromosomal driver alterations from FFPE material. Four tumors with significant HMGA2 overexpression at the protein-level served as controls. We identified chromosomal rearrangements targeting either HMGA2, HMGA1, or PLAG1 in all 16 tumors, demonstrating that it is possible to detect chromosomal driver alterations in archival leiomyoma specimens as old as 18 years. Furthermore, two tumors displayed biallelic loss of DEPDC5 and one tumor harbored a COL4A5-COL4A6 deletion. These observations suggest that instead of only HMGA2-positive leiomyomas, a distinct leiomyoma subtype is characterized by rearrangements targeting either HMGA2, HMGA1, or PLAG1. The results indicate that the frequency of HMGA2-positive leiomyomas may be higher than estimated in previous studies where immunohistochemistry has been used. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of detecting chromosomal driver alterations from archival FFPE material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vilja Jokinen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research ProgramUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Department of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Miika Mehine
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research ProgramUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Department of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Siiri Reinikka
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research ProgramUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Department of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sara Khamaiseh
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research ProgramUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Department of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine FlagshipHelsinkiFinland
| | - Terhi Ahvenainen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research ProgramUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Department of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine FlagshipHelsinkiFinland
| | - Anna Äyräväinen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research ProgramUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Department of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Päivi Härkki
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ralf Bützow
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research ProgramUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Department of PathologyUniversity of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Annukka Pasanen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research ProgramUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Department of PathologyUniversity of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research ProgramUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Department of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine FlagshipHelsinkiFinland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ehnes DD, Alghadeer A, Hanson-Drury S, Zhao YT, Tilmes G, Mathieu J, Ruohola-Baker H. Sci-Seq of Human Fetal Salivary Tissue Introduces Human Transcriptional Paradigms and a Novel Cell Population. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022; 3:887057. [PMID: 36540608 PMCID: PMC9762771 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.887057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple pathologies and non-pathological factors can disrupt the function of the non-regenerative human salivary gland including cancer and cancer therapeutics, autoimmune diseases, infections, pharmaceutical side effects, and traumatic injury. Despite the wide range of pathologies, no therapeutic or regenerative approaches exist to address salivary gland loss, likely due to significant gaps in our understanding of salivary gland development. Moreover, identifying the tissue of origin when diagnosing salivary carcinomas requires an understanding of human fetal development. Using computational tools, we identify developmental branchpoints, a novel stem cell-like population, and key signaling pathways in the human developing salivary glands by analyzing our human fetal single-cell sequencing data. Trajectory and transcriptional analysis suggest that the earliest progenitors yield excretory duct and myoepithelial cells and a transitional population that will yield later ductal cell types. Importantly, this single-cell analysis revealed a previously undescribed population of stem cell-like cells that are derived from SD and expresses high levels of genes associated with stem cell-like function. We have observed these rare cells, not in a single niche location but dispersed within the developing duct at later developmental stages. Our studies introduce new human-specific developmental paradigms for the salivary gland and lay the groundwork for the development of translational human therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devon Duron Ehnes
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ammar Alghadeer
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sesha Hanson-Drury
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yan Ting Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gwen Tilmes
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Julie Mathieu
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Robert AW, Marcon BH, Angulski ABB, Martins SDT, Leitolis A, Stimamiglio MA, Senegaglia AC, Correa A, Alves LR. Selective Loading and Variations in the miRNA Profile of Extracellular Vesicles from Endothelial-like Cells Cultivated under Normoxia and Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710066. [PMID: 36077462 PMCID: PMC9456085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-like cells may be obtained from CD133+ mononuclear cells isolated from human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) and expanded using endothelial-inducing medium (E-CD133 cells). Their use in regenerative medicine has been explored by the potential not only to form vessels but also by the secretion of bioactive elements. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are prominent messengers of this paracrine activity, transporting bioactive molecules that may guide cellular response under different conditions. Using RNA-Seq, we characterized the miRNA content of EVs derived from E-CD133 cells cultivated under normoxia (N-EVs) and hypoxia (H-EVs) and observed that changing the O2 status led to variations in the selective loading of miRNAs in the EVs. In silico analysis showed that among the targets of differentially loaded miRNAs, there are transcripts involved in pathways related to cell growth and survival, such as FoxO and HIF-1 pathways. The data obtained reinforce the pro-regenerative potential of EVs obtained from E-CD133 cells and shows that fine tuning of their properties may be regulated by culture conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anny Waloski Robert
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas—ICC-FIOCRUZ/PR, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Hilzendeger Marcon
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas—ICC-FIOCRUZ/PR, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil
| | - Addeli Bez Batti Angulski
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas—ICC-FIOCRUZ/PR, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil
| | - Sharon de Toledo Martins
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas—ICC-FIOCRUZ/PR, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda Leitolis
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas—ICC-FIOCRUZ/PR, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil
| | - Marco Augusto Stimamiglio
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas—ICC-FIOCRUZ/PR, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Cristina Senegaglia
- Core for Cell Technology-School of Medicine, Universidade Católica Paraná-PUCPR, Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine (INCT-REGENERA), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Correa
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas—ICC-FIOCRUZ/PR, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine (INCT-REGENERA), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (L.R.A.)
| | - Lysangela Ronalte Alves
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, Instituto Carlos Chagas—ICC-FIOCRUZ/PR, Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3775, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (L.R.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xie L, Fletcher RB, Bhatia D, Shah D, Phipps J, Deshmukh S, Zhang H, Ye J, Lee S, Le L, Newman M, Chen H, Sura A, Gupta S, Sanman LE, Yang F, Meng W, Baribault H, Vanhove GF, Yeh WC, Li Y, Lu C. Robust Colonic Epithelial Regeneration and Amelioration of Colitis via FZD-Specific Activation of Wnt Signaling. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:435-464. [PMID: 35569814 PMCID: PMC9305022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Current management of inflammatory bowel disease leaves a clear unmet need to treat the severe epithelial damage. Modulation of Wnt signaling might present an opportunity to achieve histological remission and mucosal healing when treating IBD. Exogenous R-spondin, which amplifies Wnt signals by maintaining cell surface expression of Frizzled (Fzd) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein receptors, not only helps repair intestine epithelial damage, but also induces hyperplasia of normal epithelium. Wnt signaling may also be modulated with the recently developed Wnt mimetics, recombinant antibody-based molecules mimicking endogenous Wnts. METHODS We first compared the epithelial healing effects of RSPO2 and a Wnt mimetic with broad Fzd specificity in an acute dextran sulfate sodium mouse colitis model. Guided by Fzd expression patterns in the colon epithelium, we also examined the effects of Wnt mimetics with subfamily Fzd specificities. RESULTS In the DSS model, Wnt mimetics repaired damaged colon epithelium and reduced disease activity and inflammation and had no apparent effect on uninjured tissue. We further identified that the FZD5/8 and LRP6 receptor-specific Wnt mimetic, SZN-1326-p, was associated with the robust repair effect. Through a range of approaches including single-cell transcriptome analyses, we demonstrated that SZN-1326-p directly impacted epithelial cells, driving transient expansion of stem and progenitor cells, promoting differentiation of epithelial cells, histologically restoring the damaged epithelium, and secondarily to epithelial repair, reducing inflammation. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to design Wnt mimetics such as SZN-1326-p that impact damaged intestine epithelium specifically and restore its physiological functions, an approach that holds promise for treating epithelial damage in inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chenggang Lu
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Chenggang Lu, PhD, Surrozen, Inc., 171 Oyster Point Boulevard, Suite 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li Z, Pi Y, Fan J, Yang X, Zhai C, Chen H, Wang F, Ding J, Gu T, Li Y, Wu H. High mobility group A3 enhances transcription of the DNA demethylase gene SlDML2 to promote tomato fruit ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:315-328. [PMID: 35171288 PMCID: PMC9070846 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in regulating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening. Although SlDML2, a DNA demethylase (DML) gene, is critically involved in tomato fruit ripening, little is known about genes that regulate its expression. Using yeast one-hybrid screening, we identified a High Mobility Group A protein, named SlHMGA3, and demonstrated its binding activity to the AT-rich region of the SlDML2 promoter. We produced slhmga3 tomato mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 and observed that slhmga3 fruit reached the breaker stage much later than fruit from the wild-type. We further demonstrated that at the initiation stage of fruit ripening, the increased expression of SlDML2 and ethylene biosynthetic and signaling genes was significantly delayed in slhmga3 fruit, along with delays in ethylene production and demethylation and activation of ripening-associated transcription factor genes. Our results demonstrate that SlHMGA3 plays a role in enhancing SlDML2 expression, and its effects on tomato fruit ripening are largely through DNA demethylation of ripening-associated transcription factor genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junmiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changsheng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | | - Han Wu
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Palazzo I, Todd LJ, Hoang TV, Reh TA, Blackshaw S, Fischer AJ. NFkB-signaling promotes glial reactivity and suppresses Müller glia-mediated neuron regeneration in the mammalian retina. Glia 2022; 70:1380-1401. [PMID: 35388544 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Müller glia (MG) in mammalian retinas are incapable of regenerating neurons after damage, whereas the MG in lower vertebrates regenerate functional neurons. Identification of cell signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks that regulate MG-mediated regeneration is key to harnessing the regenerative potential of MG. Here, we study how NFkB-signaling influences glial responses to damage and reprogramming of MG into neurons in the rodent retina. We find activation of NFkB and dynamic expression of NFkB-associated genes in MG after damage, however damage-induced NFkB activation is inhibited by microglia ablation. Knockout of NFkB in MG suppressed the accumulation of immune cells after damage. Inhibition of NFkB following NMDA-damage significantly enhanced the reprogramming of Ascl1-overexpressing MG into neuron-like cells. scRNA-seq of retinal glia following inhibition of NFkB reveals coordination with signaling via TGFβ2 and suppression of NFI and Id transcription factors. Inhibition of Smad3 signal transducer or Id transcription factors increased numbers of neuron-like cells produced by Ascl1-overexpressing MG. We conclude that NFkB is a key signaling hub that is activated in MG after damage, mediates the accumulation of immune cells, and suppresses the neurogenic potential of MG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Palazzo
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Levi J Todd
- Department of Biological Structure, College of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thanh V Hoang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas A Reh
- Department of Biological Structure, College of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andy J Fischer
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cui J, Dean D, Hornicek FJ, Yi G, Duan Z. Expression and Clinical Significance of High-Mobility Group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in Osteosarcoma. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:955-966. [PMID: 35388973 PMCID: PMC9087380 DOI: 10.1111/os.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although high‐mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2) has been shown to have crucial roles in the pathogenesis and metastasis of various malignancies, its expression and significance in osteosarcoma remain unknown. Here we evaluate the expression, clinical prognostic value, and overall function of HMGA2 in osteosarcoma. Methods Sixty‐nine osteosarcoma patient specimens within a tissue microarray (TMA) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for HMGA2 expression. Demographics and clinicopathological information including age, gender, tumor location, metastasis, recurrence, chemotherapy response, follow‐up time, and disease status were also collected. After validation of expression, we determined whether there was a correlation between HMGA2 expression and patient clinicopathology. HMGA2 expression was also evaluated in osteosarcoma cell lines and patient tissues by Western blot, we analyzed the expression of HMGA2 in the human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63, 143B, U2OS, Saos‐2, MNNG/HOS, and KHOS. HMGA2‐specific siRNA and clonogenic assays were then used to determine the effect of HMGA2 inhibition on osteosarcoma cell proliferation, growth, and chemosensitivity. Results HMGA2 expression was elevated in the osteosarcoma patient specimens and human osteosarcoma cell lines. HMGA2 was differentially expressed in human osteosarcoma cell lines. Specifically, a relatively high expression of HMGA2 was present in KHOS, MNNG/HOS, 143B and a relatively low expression was in MG63, U2OS as well as Saos‐2. HMGA2 expression is correlated with metastasis and shorter overall survival. High HMGA2 expression is an independent predictor of poor osteosarcoma prognosis. There was no significant correlation between HMGA2 expression and the age, gender, or tumor site of the patient. HMGA2 expression is predominantly within the nucleus. The expression of HMGA2 also directly correlated to neoadjuvant chemoresistance. There was a significant reduction of HMGA2 expression in the siRNA transfection group. After the use of siRNA, the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells is decreased and the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells is significantly increased. Conclusion Our study supports HMGA2 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dylan Dean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Guoliang Yi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Egawa N, Hamanaka G, Chung KK, Ishikawa H, Shindo A, Maki T, Takahashi R, Inoue H, Lo EH, Arai K. High Mobility Group A1 Regulates Transcription Levels of Oligodendrocyte Marker Genes in Cultured Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042236. [PMID: 35216347 PMCID: PMC8878090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) serve as progenitor cells of terminally differentiated oligodendrocytes. Past studies have confirmed the importance of epigenetic system in OPC differentiation to oligodendrocytes. High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) is a small non-histone nuclear protein that binds DNA and modifies the chromatin conformational state. However, it is still completely unknown about the roles of HMGA1 in the process of OPC differentiation. In this study, we prepared primary OPC cultures from the neonatal rat cortex and examined whether the loss- and gain-of-function of HMGA1 would change the mRNA levels of oligodendrocyte markers, such as Cnp, Mbp, Myrf, and Plp during the process of OPC differentiation. In our system, the mRNA levels of Cnp, Mbp, Myrf, and Plp increased depending on the oligodendrocyte maturation step, but the level of Hmga1 mRNA decreased. When HMGA1 was knocked down by a siRNA approach, the mRNA levels of Cnp, Mbp, Myrf, and Plp were smaller in OPCs with Hmga1 siRNA compared to the ones in the control OPCs. On the contrary, when HMGA1 expression was increased by transfection of the Hmga1 plasmid, the mRNA levels of Cnp, Mbp, Myrf, and Plp were slightly larger compared to the ones in the control OPCs. These data may suggest that HMGA1 participates in the process of OPC differentiation by regulating the mRNA expression level of myelin-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Egawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (G.H.); (K.K.C.); (H.I.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (E.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
- iPSC-Based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto 619-0237, Japan;
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Correspondence: (N.E.); (K.A.); Tel.: +1-617-724-9503 (N.E. & K.A.)
| | - Gen Hamanaka
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (G.H.); (K.K.C.); (H.I.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (E.H.L.)
| | - Kelly K. Chung
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (G.H.); (K.K.C.); (H.I.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (E.H.L.)
| | - Hidehiro Ishikawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (G.H.); (K.K.C.); (H.I.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (E.H.L.)
| | - Akihiro Shindo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (G.H.); (K.K.C.); (H.I.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (E.H.L.)
| | - Takakuni Maki
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (G.H.); (K.K.C.); (H.I.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (E.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- iPSC-Based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto 619-0237, Japan;
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Medical-Risk Avoidance Based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Eng H. Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (G.H.); (K.K.C.); (H.I.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (E.H.L.)
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (G.H.); (K.K.C.); (H.I.); (A.S.); (T.M.); (E.H.L.)
- Correspondence: (N.E.); (K.A.); Tel.: +1-617-724-9503 (N.E. & K.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
HMGA1 Has Predictive Value in Response to Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer. Curr Oncol 2021; 29:56-67. [PMID: 35049679 PMCID: PMC8774981 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a serious health problem worldwide. Although its incidence is decreasing, the five-year survival rate remains low. Thus, it is essential to identify new biomarkers that could promote better diagnosis and treatment of patients with gastric cancer. High-mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) is a non-histone, chromatin-binding protein that has been found overexpressed in several tumor types. It has been correlated with invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance, leading to worse patient survival. The aim of this work was to evaluate the clinical value of HMGA1 in gastric cancer. HMGA1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a single hospital series (n = 323) of gastric adenocarcinoma cases (stages I to IV) with clinicopathological and treatment data. In this series, HMGA1 expression showed no significant relevance as a prognostic biomarker. Nevertheless, a significantly better overall survival was observed in cases with high levels of HMGA1 when they were treated with chemotherapy, compared to the nontreated ones, implying that they can benefit more from treatment than patients with low expression of HMGA1. We thereby show for the first time that HMGA1 expression has a substantial value as a biomarker of response to chemotherapy in gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu W, Chen G. Regulation of energy metabolism in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:8097-8108. [PMID: 34773132 PMCID: PMC11071932 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
All living organisms need energy to carry out their essential functions. The importance of energy metabolism is increasingly recognized in human pluripotent stem cells. Energy production is not only essential for cell survival and proliferation, but also critical for pluripotency and cell fate determination. Thus, energy metabolism is an important target in cellular regulation and stem cell applications. In this review, we will discuss key factors that influence energy metabolism and their association with stem cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mansoori B, Terp MG, Mohammadi A, Pedersen CB, Ditzel HJ, Baradaran B, Gjerstorff MF. HMGA2 Supports Cancer Hallmarks in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205197. [PMID: 34680349 PMCID: PMC8533747 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that exhibits a high proliferation rate and early metastasis leading to a poor prognosis. HMGA2 is a DNA binding transcriptional regulator implicated in tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that the HMGA2 promoter is demethylated in TNBC tumors, leading to increased expression of HMGA2 at both mRNA and protein levels. Importantly, high HMGA2 levels in TNBC tumors are correlated with poor prognosis. To detail the role of HMGA2 in TNBC development and progression, we studied its effect on core cancer phenotypes. Stable knockdown of HMGA2 in TNBC cells revealed that HMGA2 may support cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion. In addition, HMGA2 knockdown decreased cancer stem cell (CSC) features. Importantly, we found that silencing HMGA2 inhibited NF-kB signaling and lead to decreased expression of the downstream molecules IL-6 and IL-8 and reduced STAT3 pathway activation. Our results demonstrate that HMGA2 supports cancer hallmarks in TNBC and may represent a promising target for TNBC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golghasht St., Tabriz 51666-14731, Iran; (B.M.); (B.B.)
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25, 3, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (M.G.T.); (A.M.); (C.B.P.); (H.J.D.)
- Aging Research Institute, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golghasht St., Tabriz 51656-65811, Iran
| | - Mikkel Green Terp
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25, 3, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (M.G.T.); (A.M.); (C.B.P.); (H.J.D.)
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25, 3, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (M.G.T.); (A.M.); (C.B.P.); (H.J.D.)
| | - Christina Bøg Pedersen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25, 3, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (M.G.T.); (A.M.); (C.B.P.); (H.J.D.)
| | - Henrik Jørn Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25, 3, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (M.G.T.); (A.M.); (C.B.P.); (H.J.D.)
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golghasht St., Tabriz 51666-14731, Iran; (B.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Morten Frier Gjerstorff
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25, 3, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (M.G.T.); (A.M.); (C.B.P.); (H.J.D.)
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-2126-1563; Fax: +45-6550-3922
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Transcriptome-Wide Analysis Reveals a Role for Extracellular Matrix and Integrin Receptor Genes in Otic Neurosensory Differentiation from Human iPSCs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910849. [PMID: 34639189 PMCID: PMC8509699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed transcriptomic data from otic sensory cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by a previously described method to gain new insights into the early human otic neurosensory lineage. We identified genes and biological networks not previously described to occur in the human otic sensory developmental cell lineage. These analyses identified and ranked genes known to be part of the otic sensory lineage program (SIX1, EYA1, GATA3, etc.), in addition to a number of novel genes encoding extracellular matrix (ECM) (COL3A1, COL5A2, DCN, etc.) and integrin (ITG) receptors (ITGAV, ITGA4, ITGA) for ECM molecules. The results were confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis of a comprehensive panel of genes differentially expressed during the time course of hiPSC differentiation in vitro. Immunocytochemistry validated results for select otic and ECM/ITG gene markers in the in vivo human fetal inner ear. Our screen shows ECM and ITG gene expression changes coincident with hiPSC differentiation towards human otic neurosensory cells. Our findings suggest a critical role of ECM-ITG interactions with otic neurosensory lineage genes in early neurosensory development and cell fate determination in the human fetal inner ear.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kwon M, Ghanta S, Ng J, Castano AP, Han J, Ith B, Lederer JA, El‐Chemaly S, Chung SW, Liu X, Perrella MA. Mesenchymal stromal cells expressing a dominant-negative high mobility group A1 transgene exhibit improved function during sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:711-722. [PMID: 33438259 PMCID: PMC8275698 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0720-424r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group (HMG)A proteins are nonhistone chromatin proteins that bind to the minor groove of DNA, interact with transcriptional machinery, and facilitate DNA-directed nuclear processes. HMGA1 has been shown to regulate genes involved with systemic inflammatory processes. We hypothesized that HMGA1 is important in the function of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are known to modulate inflammatory responses due to sepsis. To study this process, we harvested MSCs from transgenic (Tg) mice expressing a dominant-negative (dn) form of HMGA1 in mesenchymal cells. MSCs harvested from Tg mice contained the dnHMGA1 transgene, and transgene expression did not change endogenous HMGA1 levels. Immunophenotyping of the cells, along with trilineage differentiation revealed no striking differences between Tg and wild-type (WT) MSCs. However, Tg MSCs growth was decreased compared with WT MSCs, although Tg MSCs were more resistant to oxidative stress-induced death and expressed less IL-6. Tg MSCs administered after the onset of Escherichia coli-induced sepsis maintained their ability to improve survival when given in a single dose, in contrast with WT MSCs. This survival benefit of Tg MSCs was associated with less tissue cell death, and also a reduction in tissue neutrophil infiltration and expression of neutrophil chemokines. Finally, Tg MSCs promoted bacterial clearance and enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis, in part through their increased expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 compared with WT MSCs. Taken together, these data demonstrate that expression of dnHMGA1 in MSCs provides a functional advantage of the cells when administered during bacterial sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min‐Young Kwon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sailaja Ghanta
- Department of Pediatric Newborn MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Julie Ng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ana P. Castano
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Junwen Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Bonna Ith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - James A. Lederer
- Department of SurgeryBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Souheil El‐Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Su Wol Chung
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of UlsanUlsanSouth Korea
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Pediatric Newborn MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mark A. Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Pediatric Newborn MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Divisato G, Piscitelli S, Elia M, Cascone E, Parisi S. MicroRNAs and Stem-like Properties: The Complex Regulation Underlying Stemness Maintenance and Cancer Development. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081074. [PMID: 34439740 PMCID: PMC8393604 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the extraordinary properties to indefinitely proliferate and self-renew in culture to produce different cell progeny through differentiation. This latter process recapitulates embryonic development and requires rounds of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is characterized by the loss of the epithelial features and the acquisition of the typical phenotype of the mesenchymal cells. In pathological conditions, EMT can confer stemness or stem-like phenotypes, playing a role in the tumorigenic process. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subpopulation, found in the tumor tissues, with stem-like properties such as uncontrolled proliferation, self-renewal, and ability to differentiate into different cell types. ESCs and CSCs share numerous features (pluripotency, self-renewal, expression of stemness genes, and acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal features), and most of them are under the control of microRNAs (miRNAs). These small molecules have relevant roles during both embryogenesis and cancer development. The aim of this review was to recapitulate molecular mechanisms shared by ESCs and CSCs, with a special focus on the recently identified classes of microRNAs (noncanonical miRNAs, mirtrons, isomiRs, and competitive endogenous miRNAs) and their complex functions during embryogenesis and cancer development.
Collapse
|
28
|
Shi Z, Wu D, Xu H, Yang J, Sun X. CSNK2A1-mediated phosphorylation of HMGA2 modulates cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2021. [PMID: 34115920 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of chemoresistance reduces the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. Cervical cancer is still one of the most common cancer types in developing countries. The oncogenic protein high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is involved in the development and progression of tumors, although its role in chemoresistance of cervical cancer remains unclear. Here, we report that HMGA2 is highly expressed in cervical cancer and negatively correlated with cisplatin-induced cell death. We performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to demonstrate that HMGA2 has high potential to interact with casein kinase II A1 (CSNK2A1). Moreover, we observed that HMGA2 co-localizes with CSNK2A1 in the nucleus by immunofluorescence. Binding of HMGA2-CSNK2A1 was detected by immunoprecipitation assays. In addition, we identified that cisplatin induces an interaction between CSNK2A1 and HMGA2, thereby promoting the phosphorylation of HMGA2. CX-4945, a CSNK2A1 inhibitor, could inhibit the phosphorylation of HMGA2 and sensitize tumor cells to cisplatin. Our results reveal that CSNK2A1-dependent HMGA2 phosphorylation may partially underlie cisplatin-resistance in cervical cancer, suggesting that HMGA2 phosphorylation may have potential as a predicative biomarker and therapeutic target to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Shi
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Wu
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Urology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Edong Healthcare Group, Huangshi, China
| | - Ju Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang X, Deng HW, Shen H, Ehrlich M. Prioritization of Osteoporosis-Associated Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Using Epigenomics and Transcriptomics. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10481. [PMID: 33977200 PMCID: PMC8101624 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic risk factors for osteoporosis, a prevalent disease associated with aging, have been examined in many genome-wide association studies (GWASs). A major challenge is to prioritize transcription-regulatory GWAS-derived variants that are likely to be functional. Given the critical role of epigenetics in gene regulation, we have used an unusual epigenetics-based and transcription-based approach to identify some of the credible regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) relevant to osteoporosis from 38 reported bone mineral density (BMD) GWASs. Using Roadmap databases, we prioritized SNPs based upon their overlap with strong enhancer or promoter chromatin preferentially in osteoblasts relative to 12 heterologous cell culture types. We also required that these SNPs overlap open chromatin (Deoxyribonuclease I [DNaseI]-hypersensitive sites) and DNA sequences predicted to bind to osteoblast-relevant transcription factors in an allele-specific manner. From >50,000 GWAS-derived SNPs, we identified 14 novel and credible regulatory SNPs (Tier-1 SNPs) for osteoporosis risk. Their associated genes, BICC1, LGR4, DAAM2, NPR3, or HMGA2, are involved in osteoblastogenesis or bone homeostasis and regulate cell signaling or enhancer function. Four of these genes are preferentially expressed in osteoblasts. BICC1, LGR4, and DAAM2 play important roles in canonical Wnt signaling, a pathway critical for bone formation and repair. The transcription factors predicted to bind to the Tier-1 SNP-containing DNA sequences also have bone-related functions. We present evidence that some of the Tier-1 SNPs exert their effects on BMD risk indirectly through little-studied long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) genes, which may, in turn, control the nearby bone-related protein-encoding gene. Our study illustrates a method to identify novel BMD-related causal regulatory SNPs for future study and to prioritize candidate regulatory GWAS-derived SNPs, in general. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
| | - Melanie Ehrlich
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA USA.,Tulane Cancer Center and Hayward Genetics Center Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
YAP and TAZ Mediators at the Crossroad between Metabolic and Cellular Reprogramming. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030154. [PMID: 33800464 PMCID: PMC7999074 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell reprogramming can either refer to a direct conversion of a specialized cell into another or to a reversal of a somatic cell into an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC). It implies a peculiar modification of the epigenetic asset and gene regulatory networks needed for a new cell, to better fit the new phenotype of the incoming cell type. Cellular reprogramming also implies a metabolic rearrangement, similar to that observed upon tumorigenesis, with a transition from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. The induction of a reprogramming process requires a nexus of signaling pathways, mixing a range of local and systemic information, and accumulating evidence points to the crucial role exerted by the Hippo pathway components Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) and Transcriptional Co-activator with PDZ-binding Motif (TAZ). In this review, we will first provide a synopsis of the Hippo pathway and its function during reprogramming and tissue regeneration, then we introduce the latest knowledge on the interplay between YAP/TAZ and metabolism and, finally, we discuss the possible role of YAP/TAZ in the orchestration of the metabolic switch upon cellular reprogramming.
Collapse
|
31
|
Meireles Da Costa N, Palumbo A, De Martino M, Fusco A, Ribeiro Pinto LF, Nasciutti LE. Interplay between HMGA and TP53 in cell cycle control along tumor progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:817-831. [PMID: 32920697 PMCID: PMC11071717 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The high mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are found to be aberrantly expressed in several tumors. Studies (in vitro and in vivo) have shown that HMGA protein overexpression has a causative role in carcinogenesis process. HMGA proteins regulate cell cycle progression through distinct mechanisms which strongly influence its normal dynamics along malignant transformation. Tumor protein p53 (TP53) is the most frequently altered gene in cancer. The loss of its activity is recognized as the fall of a barrier that enables neoplastic transformation. Among the different functions, TP53 signaling pathway is tightly involved in control of cell cycle, with cell cycle arrest being the main biological outcome observed upon p53 activation, which prevents accumulation of damaged DNA, as well as genomic instability. Therefore, the interaction and opposing effects of HMGA and p53 proteins on regulation of cell cycle in normal and tumor cells are discussed in this review. HMGA proteins and p53 may reciprocally regulate the expression and/or activity of each other, leading to the counteraction of their regulation mechanisms at different stages of the cell cycle. The existence of a functional crosstalk between these proteins in the control of cell cycle could open the possibility of targeting HMGA and p53 in combination with other therapeutic strategies, particularly those that target cell cycle regulation, to improve the management and prognosis of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Meireles Da Costa
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-6th floor-Centro, 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, 373-Bloco F, Sala 26, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco De Martino
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-6th floor-Centro, 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, 373-Bloco F, Sala 26, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liang C, Niu J, Wang X, Zhang ZS, Yang RH, Yao X, Liu FY, Li WQ, Pei SH, Sun H, Wang CJ, Fang D, Xie SQ. P300-dependent acetylation of histone H3 is required for epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated high-mobility group protein A2 transcription in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:679-690. [PMID: 33164305 PMCID: PMC7894021 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High‐mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2) is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and contributes to tumor metastasis and poor patient survival. However, the molecular mechanism through which HMGA2 is transcriptionally regulated in HCC cells remains largely unclear. Here, we showed that the expression HMGA2 was upregulated in HCC, and that elevated HMGA2 could promote tumor metastasis. Incubation of HCC cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) could promote the expression of HMGA2 mRNA and protein. Mechanistic studies suggested that EGF can phosphorylate p300 at Ser1834 residue through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in HCC cells. Knockdown of p300 can reverse EGF‐induced HMGA2 expression and histone H3‐K9 acetylation, whereas a phosphorylation‐mimic p300 S1834D mutant can stimulate HMGA2 expression as well as H3‐K9 acetylation in HCC cells. Furthermore, we identified that p300‐mediated H3‐K9 acetylation participates in EGF‐induced HMGA2 expression in HCC. In addition, the levels of H3‐K9 acetylation positively correlated with the expression levels of HMGA2 in a chemically induced HCC model in rats and human HCC specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jie Niu
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhan-Sheng Zhang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ruo-Han Yang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fan-Ye Liu
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wen-Qi Li
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shu-Hua Pei
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chao-Jie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Song-Qiang Xie
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang X, Wang J, Wu J. Emerging roles for HMGA2 in colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100894. [PMID: 33069103 PMCID: PMC7563012 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HMGA2 (High Mobility Group AT-hook 2) has been reported to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) development by regulating the transcription of target genes. It participates in nearly all aspects of cellular processes, including cell transformation, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, metastasis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), DNA repair and stem cell self-renewal. In the past decades, a group of downstream targets and binding partners have been identified in a wide range of cancers. Our findings of HMGA2 as a key factor in the MDM2/p53, IL11/STAT3 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways prompt us to summarize current advances in the functional and molecular basis of HMGA2 in CRC. In this review, we address the roles of HMGA2 in the oncogenic networks of CRC based on recent advances. We review its aberrant expression, explore underlying mechanisms, discuss its pro-tumorigenic effects, and highlight promising small-molecule inhibitors based on targeting HMGA2 here. However, the understanding of HMGA2 in CRC progression is still elusive, thus we also discuss the future perspectives in this review. Collectively, this review provides novel insights into the oncogenic properties of HMGA2, which has potential implications in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. HMGA2 promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) development by regulating the transcriptions of target genes. Circulating cell-free HMGA2 mRNA has been identified as a potential screening marker in CRC. HMGA2 appears to be a key factor in the networks of MDM2/p53, IL11/STAT3 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in CRC. Many agents and siRNAs serve as potential therapeutic approaches by targeting HMGA2 for the treatment of CRC. Deciphering HMGA2-mediated machinery helps to conceive effective therapy strategies and develop novel inhibitors in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Department of Colorectal Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Department of Colorectal Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pegoraro S, Ros G, Sgubin M, Petrosino S, Zambelli A, Sgarra R, Manfioletti G. Targeting the intrinsically disordered architectural High Mobility Group A (HMGA) oncoproteins in breast cancer: learning from the past to design future strategies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:953-969. [PMID: 32970506 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1814738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most difficult breast cancer subtype to treat because of its heterogeneity and lack of specific therapeutic targets. High Mobility Group A (HMGA) proteins are chromatin architectural factors that have multiple oncogenic functions in breast cancer, and they represent promising molecular therapeutic targets for this disease. AREAS COVERED We offer an overview of the strategies that have been exploited to counteract HMGA oncoprotein activities at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. We also present the possibility of targeting cancer-associated factors that lie downstream of HMGA proteins and discuss the contribution of HMGA proteins to chemoresistance. EXPERT OPINION Different strategies have been exploited to counteract HMGA protein activities; these involve interfering with their nucleic acid binding properties and the blocking of HMGA expression. Some approaches have provided promising results. However, some unique characteristics of the HMGA proteins have not been exploited; these include their extensive protein-protein interaction network and their intrinsically disordered status that present the possibility that HMGA proteins could be involved in the formation of proteinaceous membrane-less organelles (PMLO) by liquid-liquid phase separation. These unexplored characteristics could open new pharmacological avenues to counteract the oncogenic contributions of HMGA proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pegoraro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | - Gloria Ros
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Sgubin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Petrosino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Sgarra
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chromatin Architectural Factors as Safeguards against Excessive Supercoiling during DNA Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124504. [PMID: 32599919 PMCID: PMC7349988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Key DNA transactions, such as genome replication and transcription, rely on the speedy translocation of specialized protein complexes along a double-stranded, right-handed helical template. Physical tethering of these molecular machines during translocation, in conjunction with their internal architectural features, generates DNA topological strain in the form of template supercoiling. It is known that the build-up of transient excessive supercoiling poses severe threats to genome function and stability and that highly specialized enzymes—the topoisomerases (TOP)—have evolved to mitigate these threats. Furthermore, due to their intracellular abundance and fast supercoil relaxation rates, it is generally assumed that these enzymes are sufficient in coping with genome-wide bursts of excessive supercoiling. However, the recent discoveries of chromatin architectural factors that play important accessory functions have cast reasonable doubts on this concept. Here, we reviewed the background of these new findings and described emerging models of how these accessory factors contribute to supercoil homeostasis. We focused on DNA replication and the generation of positive (+) supercoiling in front of replisomes, where two accessory factors—GapR and HMGA2—from pro- and eukaryotic cells, respectively, appear to play important roles as sinks for excessive (+) supercoiling by employing a combination of supercoil constrainment and activation of topoisomerases. Looking forward, we expect that additional factors will be identified in the future as part of an expanding cellular repertoire to cope with bursts of topological strain. Furthermore, identifying antagonists that target these accessory factors and work synergistically with clinically relevant topoisomerase inhibitors could become an interesting novel strategy, leading to improved treatment outcomes.
Collapse
|
36
|
The Mammalian High Mobility Group Protein AT-Hook 2 (HMGA2): Biochemical and Biophysical Properties, and Its Association with Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103710. [PMID: 32466162 PMCID: PMC7279267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian high-mobility-group protein AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is a small DNA-binding protein and consists of three “AT-hook” DNA-binding motifs and a negatively charged C-terminal motif. It is a multifunctional nuclear protein directly linked to obesity, human height, stem cell youth, human intelligence, and tumorigenesis. Biochemical and biophysical studies showed that HMGA2 is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) and could form homodimers in aqueous buffer solution. The “AT-hook” DNA-binding motifs specifically bind to the minor groove of AT-rich DNA sequences and induce DNA-bending. HMGA2 plays an important role in adipogenesis most likely through stimulating the proliferative expansion of preadipocytes and also through regulating the expression of transcriptional factor Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at the clonal expansion step from preadipocytes to adipocytes. Current evidence suggests that a main function of HMGA2 is to maintain stemness and renewal capacity of stem cells by which HMGA2 binds to chromosome and lock chromosome into a specific state, to allow the human embryonic stem cells to maintain their stem cell potency. Due to the importance of HMGA2 in adipogenesis and tumorigenesis, HMGA2 is considered a potential therapeutic target for anticancer and anti-obesity drugs. Efforts are taken to identify inhibitors targeting HMGA2.
Collapse
|
37
|
HMGA1-Regulating microRNAs Let-7a and miR-26a are Downregulated in Human Seminomas. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083014. [PMID: 32344629 PMCID: PMC7215726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have underlined HMGA protein’s key role in the onset of testicular germ cell tumors, where HMGA1 is differently expressed with respect to the state of differentiation, suggesting its fine regulation as master regulator in testicular tumorigenesis. Several studies have highlighted that the HMGA1 transcript is strictly regulated by a set of inhibitory microRNAs. Thus, the aim of this study is to test whether HMGA1 overexpression in human seminomas may be induced by the deregulation of miR-26a and Let-7a—two HMGA1-targeting microRNAs. Methods: HMGA1 mRNA and Let-7a and miR-26a levels were measured in a seminoma dataset available in the Cancer Genome Atlas database and confirmed in a subset of seminomas by qRT-PCR and western blot. A TCam-2 seminoma cell line was then transfected with Let-7a and miR-26a and tested for proliferation and motility abilities. Results: an inverse correlation was found between the expression of miR-26a and Let-7a and HMGA1 expression levels in seminomas samples, suggesting a critical role of these microRNAs in HMGA1 levels regulation. Accordingly, functional studies showed that miR-26a and Let-7a inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities of the human seminoma derived cell line TCam-2. Conclusions: these data strongly support that the upregulation of HMGA1 levels occurring in seminoma is—at least in part—due to the downregulation of HMGA1-targeting microRNAs.
Collapse
|