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Hou J, Zheng L, Li X, Sun Y. CircZNF609 sponges miR-135b to up-regulate SEMA3A expression to alleviate ox-LDL-induced atherosclerosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05031-y. [PMID: 38819599 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque caused by abnormal lipid metabolism is one of the main causes of atherosclerosis (AS). Lipid droplet accumulation has become a novel research pointcut for AS treatment in recent years. In AS patients, miR-135b level was up-regulated relative to the normal cases, which showed negative correlations with the levels of Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) and circZNF609, separately. The U937-derived macrophages were cultured with ox-LDL to establish AS models in vitro. After that, the lipid accumulation, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death were evaluated by ORO, ELISA, RT-qPCR, western blot, JC-1 and FCM assays respectively. Transfection of the circZNF609 expression vector notably declined lipid accumulation, attenuated inflammation, reduced mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited cell death in ox-LDL-stimulated cells. The direct binding of miR-135b to circZNF609 in vitro was confirmed using RIP assay, and SEMA3A expression was up-regulated by circZNF609 overexpression. After manipulating the endogenous expressions of circZNF609, miR-135b and SEMA3A, the above damages in ox-LDL-stimulated cells were rescued by inhibition of miR-135b expression and overexpression of circZNF609 or SEMA3A. Besides, the AS mice model was built to demonstrate the excessive lipid accumulation, increasing inflammation and cell death in AS pathogenesis according to the results of HE staining, ELISA and IHC assays, while these damages were reversed after overexpression of circZNF609 or SEMA3A. In AS models, overexpressed circZNF609 prevents the AS progression through depleting miR-135b expression and subsequent up-regulation of SEMA3A expression to overwhelm lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366, Taishan Street, Tai'an, 271021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zheng
- Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, No. 31, Jinan Road, Dongying District, Dongying, 257000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Outpatient Department, Feicheng People's Hospital, Tai'an, 271600, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of General Practice, Zibo Central Hospital, No.54, Gongqingtuan Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo, 255036, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Sukhorukov VN, Khotina VA, Kalmykov VA, Zhuravlev AD, Sinyov VV, Popov DY, Vinokurov AY, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN. Mitochondrial Genome Editing: Exploring the Possible Relationship of the Atherosclerosis-Associated Mutation m.15059G>A With Defective Mitophagy. J Lipid Atheroscler 2024; 13:166-183. [PMID: 38826184 PMCID: PMC11140244 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2024.13.2.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the m.15059G>A mitochondrial nonsense mutation on cellular functions related to atherosclerosis, such as lipidosis, pro-inflammatory response, and mitophagy. Heteroplasmic mutations have been proposed as a potential cause of mitochondrial dysfunction, potentially disrupting the innate immune response and contributing to the chronic inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. Methods The human monocytic cell line THP-1 and cytoplasmic hybrid cell line TC-HSMAM1 were used. An original approach based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system was developed and used to eliminate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies carrying the m.15059G>A mutation in the MT-CYB gene. The expression levels of genes encoding enzymes related to cholesterol metabolism were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mitophagy in cells was detected using confocal microscopy. Results In contrast to intact TC-HSMAM1 cybrids, Cas9-TC-HSMAM1 cells exhibited a decrease in fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene expression following incubation with atherogenic low-density lipoprotein. TC-HSMAM1 cybrids were found to have defective mitophagy and an inability to downregulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (to establish immune tolerance) upon repeated lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Removal of mtDNA harboring the m.15059G>A mutation resulted in the re-establishment of immune tolerance and the activation of mitophagy in the cells under investigation. Conclusion The m.15059G>A mutation was found to be associated with defective mitophagy, immune tolerance, and impaired metabolism of intracellular lipids due to upregulation of FASN in monocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Russian Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory of R&D Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
| | - Victoria A. Khotina
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav A. Kalmykov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander D. Zhuravlev
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily V. Sinyov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Russian Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil Y. Popov
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory of R&D Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
| | - Andrey Y. Vinokurov
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory of R&D Center of Biomedical Photonics, Orel State University, Orel, Russia
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Russian Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Zhang J, Li H, Sun R, Cao Z, Huang J, Jiang Y, Mo M, Luo L, Guo Q, Chen Q, Zhang Y. The mediation effect of HDL-C: Non-HDL-C on the association between inflammatory score and recurrent coronary events. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23731. [PMID: 38187341 PMCID: PMC10770612 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation and lipids are both involved in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the mediation effect of lipoproteins on the association between inflammation and recurrent coronary events in CHD patients remains unclear. Methods This was a retrospective study including CHD patients hospitalized in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital between January 2011 and December 2012 with the endpoint of recurrent coronary events. The study calculated inflammatory score based on six serum inflammatory markers, including complement C3, complement C4, hyper-sensitive CRP, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and white blood cell count. Logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis and mediation analysis were performed to assess the associations between inflammatory score and recurrent coronary events in different subpopulations and the identification of mediators. Inflammatory cytokine expression, cholesterol efflux capacity, and hepatic cholesterol influx were performed in additional CHD patients and healthy controls. Results There were 191 CHD patients included in the analysis with a median inflammatory score of -0.78 (-2.17, 1.35) and 63 cases of recurrent coronary events. Subgroup logistic regression analysis demonstrated that inflammatory score was positively associated with recurrent coronary events only in the diabetic subgroup [OR: 1.241 (1.004, 1.534), P < 0.046]. HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C): non-HDL-C performed 46.74 % of negative mediation effect on this association. CHD patients had lower cholesterol efflux capacity than healthy controls, which was mediated by HDL: non-HDL ratio of 0.4. No difference was found in hepatic cholesterol influx between the two groups. Conclusion Inflammatory score was associated with recurrent coronary events mediated by HDL-C: non-HDL-C ratio in diabetic CHD patients, indicating that lipoproteins might aggravate the inflammatory effect on atherosclerosis under hyperglycemia. Our findings suggested that anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering therapies might be beneficial for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Translation in Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Translation in Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Runlu Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Translation in Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Translation in Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Translation in Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Translation in Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Mingxing Mo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Lingyu Luo
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 528478, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Translation in Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Translation in Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Translation in Major Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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4
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Zhu Y, Xu Y, Han D, Zhang X, Qin C, Liu J, Tian L, Xu M, Fang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Cao F. Scavenger receptor-AI targeted theranostic nanoparticles for regression of atherosclerotic plaques via ABCA1 modulation. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 50:102672. [PMID: 37044196 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays a crucial role in atherosclerotic formation through mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophage-derived foam cells. In this study, a scavenger receptors AI (SR-AI) targeted theranostic nanoparticles was constructed for atherosclerosis regression via ABCA1 activation in foam cells. ABCA1-upregulator 5242331 and IR780 were encapsulated in PLGA-PEG micelles which were conjugated with SR-AI targeting peptide (PP1) to formulate the nanoparticles (SAU-NPs). Immunostaining revealed that SR-AI was highly expressed both in macrophage foam cells and in atherosclerotic plaque of ApoE-/- mice. The SAU-NPs have shown more active targeting to plaque lesion with higher stability compared with non-SR-AI targeted nanoparticles. The transformation from macrophage to foam cells was inhibited by SAU-NPs carried 5242331. Cholesterol deposition was effectively reduced in foam cells by SAU-NPs through activating the LXRα-ABCA1/ABCG1/SR-BI pathway. In conclusion, theranostic SAU-NPs which carried ABCA1-upregulator 5242331 exert beneficial effects on atherosclerosis regression via LXRα activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 1# Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiujin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mengqi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Feng Cao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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5
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Allesøe RL, Lundgaard AT, Hernández Medina R, Aguayo-Orozco A, Johansen J, Nissen JN, Brorsson C, Mazzoni G, Niu L, Biel JH, Brasas V, Webel H, Benros ME, Pedersen AG, Chmura PJ, Jacobsen UP, Mari A, Koivula R, Mahajan A, Vinuela A, Tajes JF, Sharma S, Haid M, Hong MG, Musholt PB, De Masi F, Vogt J, Pedersen HK, Gudmundsdottir V, Jones A, Kennedy G, Bell J, Thomas EL, Frost G, Thomsen H, Hansen E, Hansen TH, Vestergaard H, Muilwijk M, Blom MT, 't Hart LM, Pattou F, Raverdy V, Brage S, Kokkola T, Heggie A, McEvoy D, Mourby M, Kaye J, Hattersley A, McDonald T, Ridderstråle M, Walker M, Forgie I, Giordano GN, Pavo I, Ruetten H, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Dermitzakis E, Franks PW, Schwenk JM, Adamski J, McCarthy MI, Pearson E, Banasik K, Rasmussen S, Brunak S, Thomas CE, Haussler R, Beulens J, Rutters F, Nijpels G, van Oort S, Groeneveld L, Elders P, Giorgino T, Rodriquez M, Nice R, Perry M, Bianzano S, Graefe-Mody U, Hennige A, Grempler R, Baum P, Stærfeldt HH, Shah N, Teare H, Ehrhardt B, Tillner J, Dings C, Lehr T, Scherer N, Sihinevich I, Cabrelli L, Loftus H, Bizzotto R, Tura A, Dekkers K, van Leeuwen N, Groop L, Slieker R, Ramisch A, Jennison C, McVittie I, Frau F, Steckel-Hamann B, Adragni K, Thomas M, Pasdar NA, Fitipaldi H, Kurbasic A, Mutie P, Pomares-Millan H, Bonnefond A, Canouil M, Caiazzo R, Verkindt H, Holl R, Kuulasmaa T, Deshmukh H, Cederberg H, Laakso M, Vangipurapu J, Dale M, Thorand B, Nicolay C, Fritsche A, Hill A, Hudson M, Thorne C, Allin K, Arumugam M, Jonsson A, Engelbrechtsen L, Forman A, Dutta A, Sondertoft N, Fan Y, Gough S, Robertson N, McRobert N, Wesolowska-Andersen A, Brown A, Davtian D, Dawed A, Donnelly L, Palmer C, White M, Ferrer J, Whitcher B, Artati A, Prehn C, Adam J, Grallert H, Gupta R, Sackett PW, Nilsson B, Tsirigos K, Eriksen R, Jablonka B, Uhlen M, Gassenhuber J, Baltauss T, de Preville N, Klintenberg M, Abdalla M. Discovery of drug-omics associations in type 2 diabetes with generative deep-learning models. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:399-408. [PMID: 36593394 PMCID: PMC10017515 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The application of multiple omics technologies in biomedical cohorts has the potential to reveal patient-level disease characteristics and individualized response to treatment. However, the scale and heterogeneous nature of multi-modal data makes integration and inference a non-trivial task. We developed a deep-learning-based framework, multi-omics variational autoencoders (MOVE), to integrate such data and applied it to a cohort of 789 people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with deep multi-omics phenotyping from the DIRECT consortium. Using in silico perturbations, we identified drug-omics associations across the multi-modal datasets for the 20 most prevalent drugs given to people with type 2 diabetes with substantially higher sensitivity than univariate statistical tests. From these, we among others, identified novel associations between metformin and the gut microbiota as well as opposite molecular responses for the two statins, simvastatin and atorvastatin. We used the associations to quantify drug-drug similarities, assess the degree of polypharmacy and conclude that drug effects are distributed across the multi-omics modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lundbye Allesøe
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnete Troen Lundgaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ricardo Hernández Medina
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Aguayo-Orozco
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Joachim Johansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob Nybo Nissen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Brorsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gianluca Mazzoni
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lili Niu
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorge Hernansanz Biel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Valentas Brasas
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henry Webel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Eriksen Benros
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Gorm Pedersen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Piotr Jaroslaw Chmura
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Plesner Jacobsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrea Mari
- C.N.R. Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Robert Koivula
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana Vinuela
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Sapna Sharma
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany.,Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mark Haid
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mun-Gwan Hong
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Petra B Musholt
- Research and Development Global Development, Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Federico De Masi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Josef Vogt
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Krogh Pedersen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Valborg Gudmundsdottir
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Angus Jones
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Gwen Kennedy
- The Immunoassay Biomarker Core Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jimmy Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - E Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Gary Frost
- Section for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Thomsen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Elizaveta Hansen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Tue Haldor Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mirthe Muilwijk
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke T Blom
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Francois Pattou
- Inserm, Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Lille Pasteur Institute, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Violeta Raverdy
- Inserm, Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Lille Pasteur Institute, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tarja Kokkola
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alison Heggie
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Donna McEvoy
- Diabetes Research Network, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK
| | - Miranda Mourby
- Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies (HeLEX), Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane Kaye
- Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies (HeLEX), Faculty of Law, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Martin Ridderstråle
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mark Walker
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Ian Forgie
- Division of Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Giuseppe N Giordano
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, SUS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Imre Pavo
- Eli Lilly Regional Operations, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hartmut Ruetten
- Research and Development Global Development, Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emmanouil Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul W Franks
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,OCDEM, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ewan Pearson
- Division of Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Simon Rasmussen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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6
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Hypotheses on Atherogenesis Triggering: Does the Infectious Nature of Atherosclerosis Development Have a Substruction? Cells 2023; 12:cells12050707. [PMID: 36899843 PMCID: PMC10001176 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the end of the 20th century, it has been clear that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. However, the main triggering mechanism of the inflammatory process in the vascular walls is still unclear. To date, many different hypotheses have been put forward to explain the causes of atherogenesis, and all of them are supported by strong evidence. Among the main causes of atherosclerosis, which underlies these hypotheses, the following can be mentioned: lipoprotein modification, oxidative transformation, shear stress, endothelial dysfunction, free radicals' action, homocysteinemia, diabetes mellitus, and decreased nitric oxide level. One of the latest hypotheses concerns the infectious nature of atherogenesis. The currently available data indicate that pathogen-associated molecular patterns from bacteria or viruses may be an etiological factor in atherosclerosis. This paper is devoted to the analysis of existing hypotheses for atherogenesis triggering, and special attention is paid to the contribution of bacterial and viral infections to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
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7
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Gai X, Liu F, Wu Y, Zhang B, Tang B, Shang K, Wang L, Zhang H, Chen Y, Yang S, Deng W, Li P, Wang J, Zhang H. Overexpressed PKM2 promotes macrophage phagocytosis and atherosclerosis. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 6:92-102. [PMID: 35974691 PMCID: PMC10158947 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of pyruvate kinase muscle 2 (PKM2) is augmented in macrophages of patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. The role of PKM2 in atherosclerosis is to be determined. METHODS Global and myeloid cell-specific PKM2 knock-in mice with ApoE-/- background (ApoE-/- , PKM2KI/KI and Lyz2-cre, ApoE-/- , and PKM2flox/flox ) were produced to evaluate the clinical significance of PKM2 in atherosclerosis development. Wild-type and PKM2 knock-in macrophages were isolated to assess the function of PKM2 in macrophage phagocytosis. Atherosclerotic mice were treated with PKM2 inhibitor shikonin (SKN) to evaluate the therapeutic potential of PKM2 suppression in atherosclerosis. RESULTS Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) upregulated PKM2 in macrophages. PKM2 in return promoted the uptake of oxLDL by macrophages. Overexpressed PKM2 accelerated atherosclerosis in mice. SKN blocked the progress of mouse atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS PKM2 accelerates macrophage phagocytosis and atherosclerosis. Targeting PKM2 is a potential therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baohui Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bufu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kezhuo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Stata Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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Klopot A, Baida G, Kel A, Tsoi LC, Perez White BE, Budunova I. Transcriptome analysis reveals intrinsic pro-inflammatory signaling in healthy African American skin. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1360-1371.e15. [PMID: 34757068 PMCID: PMC9038646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Differences in morphology and physiology of darkly pigmented compared to lightly pigmented skin are well recognized. There are also disparities in prevalence and clinical features for many inflammatory skin diseases including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis; however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We compared the baseline gene expression in full thickness skin biopsies from healthy individuals self-reporting as African American (AA) or White Non-Hispanic (WNH). Extensively validated RNA-Seq analysis identified 570 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in AA skin including immunoglobulins and their receptors such as FCER1G; pro-inflammatory genes such as TNFα, IL-32; EDC (epidermal differentiation cluster) and keratin genes. DEGs were functionally enriched for inflammatory responses, keratinization, cornified envelope formation. RNA-seq analysis of 3D human skin equivalents (HSE) made from AA and WNH primary keratinocytes revealed 360 DEGs (some shared with skin) which were enriched by similar functions. AA HSE appeared more responsive to TNFα pro-inflammatory effects. Finally, AA-specific DEGs in skin and HSE significantly overlapped with molecular signatures of skin in AD and psoriasis patients. Overall, these findings suggest the existence of intrinsic pro-inflammatory circuits in AA keratinocytes/skin that may account for disease disparities and will help to build a foundation for the development of targeted skin disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klopot
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gleb Baida
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander Kel
- geneXplain GmbH, Wolfenbüttel, Germany; Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bethany E Perez White
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Irina Budunova
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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9
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Liu C, Chen G, Chen Y, Dang Y, Nie G, Wu D, Li J, Chen Z, Yang H, He D, Li X, Sun J, Lu J, Wang L. Danlou Tablets Inhibit Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice by Inducing Macrophage Autophagy: The Role of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724670. [PMID: 34566648 PMCID: PMC8455997 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a type of chronic vascular disease, and its etiology is not yet fully understood. AS is characterized by lipid deposition, atherosclerotic plaque formation, vascular stenosis or even complete blockage of the blood vessel wall. Clinical studies have shown that Danlou tablets (DLTs) can improve the heart function, quality of life, and prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. However, its mechanism of action remains unknown. Our study revealed that DLTs ameliorated ApoE−/−AS mouse aortic atherosclerotic plaques [hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and small animal ultrasound] and reduced CD68+ macrophage infiltration, the expression of the inflammatory factor interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), vascular smooth muscle α-actin, and serum lipid levels. In vitro, in the macrophage foaming model, DLTs partially restored the activity of RAW264.7 cells, reduced the uptake of lipid droplets, and inhibited lipid droplet accumulation and apoptosis within BMDMs. We also found that Torin1, an autophagy agonist, reduced intracellular lipid deposition in BMDMs, as did DLTs. Moreover, DLTs upregulated the expression of the autophagy-related protein LC3II and decreased p62 accumulation in RAW264.7 cells. DLTs also inhibited the phosphorylation of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR, leading to upregulated autophagy in RAW264.7 cells. In summary, our results suggested that DLTs can promote autophagy in macrophages by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby reducing foam cell formation and improving atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Guiling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of National Institute of Stem Cell Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfen Chen
- Puning Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Puning, China
| | - Yue Dang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangning Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dinghong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zide Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongyue He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Malekmohammad K, Bezsonov EE, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Role of Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:707529. [PMID: 34552965 PMCID: PMC8450356 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.707529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid-driven and maladaptive inflammatory disease of arterial intima. It is characterized by the dysfunction of lipid homeostasis and signaling pathways that control the inflammation. This article reviews the role of inflammation and lipid accumulation, especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL), in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, with more emphasis on cellular mechanisms. Furthermore, this review will briefly highlight the role of medicinal plants, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and microRNAs in the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of atherosclerosis. Lipid homeostasis at various levels, including receptor-mediated uptake, synthesis, storage, metabolism, efflux, and its impairments are important for the development of atherosclerosis. The major source of cholesterol and lipid accumulation in the arterial wall is proatherogenic modified low-density lipoprotein (mLDL). Modified lipoproteins, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and LDL binding with proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix in the intima of blood vessels, cause aggregation of lipoprotein particles, endothelial damage, leukocyte recruitment, foam cell formation, and inflammation. Inflammation is the key contributor to atherosclerosis and participates in all phases of atherosclerosis. Also, several studies have shown that microRNAs and lncRNAs have appeared as key regulators of several physiological and pathophysiological processes in atherosclerosis, including regulation of HDL biogenesis, cholesterol efflux, lipid metabolism, regulating of smooth muscle proliferation, and controlling of inflammation. Thus, both lipid homeostasis and the inflammatory immune response are closely linked, and their cellular and molecular pathways interact with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgeny E. Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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11
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Recognition of Oxidized Lipids by Macrophages and Its Role in Atherosclerosis Development. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080915. [PMID: 34440119 PMCID: PMC8389651 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic disease that has a prominent inflammatory component. Currently, atherosclerosis is regarded as an active autoimmune process that involves both innate and adaptive immune pathways. One of the drivers of this process is the presence of modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL). For instance, lipoprotein oxidation leads to the formation of oxidation-specific epitopes (OSE) that can be recognized by the immune cells. Macrophage response to OSEs is recognized as a key trigger for initiation and a stimulator of progression of the inflammatory process in the arteries. At the same time, the role of oxidized LDL components is not limited to pro-inflammatory stimulation, but includes immunoregulatory effects that can have protective functions. It is, therefore, important to better understand the complexity of oxidized LDL effects in atherosclerosis in order to develop new therapeutic approaches to correct the inflammatory and metabolic imbalance associated with this disorder. In this review, we discuss the process of oxidized LDL formation, mechanisms of OSE recognition by macrophages and the role of these processes in atherosclerosis.
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12
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Sobenin IA, Markin AM, Glanz VY, Markina YV, Wu WK, Myasoedova VA, Orekhov AN. Prospects for the Use of Sialidase Inhibitors in Anti-atherosclerotic Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2438-2450. [PMID: 32867633 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200831133912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The most typical feature of atherogenesis in humans at its early stage is the formation of foam cells in subendothelial arterial intima, which occurs as the consequence of intracellular cholesterol deposition. The main source of lipids accumulating in the arterial wall is circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL). However, LDL particles should undergo proatherogenic modification to acquire atherogenic properties. One of the known types of atherogenic modification of LDL is enzymatic deglycosilation, namely, desialylation, which is the earliest change in the cascade of following multiple LDL modifications. The accumulating data make sialidases an intriguing and plausible therapeutic target, since pharmacological modulation of activity of these enzymes may have beneficial effects in several pathologies, including atherosclerosis. The hypothesis exists that decreasing LDL enzymatic desialylation may result in the prevention of lipid accumulation in arterial wall, thus breaking down one of the key players in atherogenesis at the cellular level. Several drugs acting as glycomimetics and inhibiting sialidase enzymatic activity already exist, but the concept of sialidase inhibition as an anti-atherosclerosis strategy remains unexplored to date. This review is focused on the potential possibilities of the repurposing of sialidase inhibitors for pathogenetic anti-atherosclerotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Sobenin
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology & Central Laboratory of Pathology, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander M Markin
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology & Central Laboratory of Pathology, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor Y Glanz
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology & Central Laboratory of Pathology, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yuliya V Markina
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology & Central Laboratory of Pathology, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei- Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Veronika A Myasoedova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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13
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Poznyak AV, Nikiforov NG, Markin AM, Kashirskikh DA, Myasoedova VA, Gerasimova EV, Orekhov AN. Overview of OxLDL and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Health: Focus on Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:613780. [PMID: 33510639 PMCID: PMC7836017 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.613780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular pathologies maintain the leading position in mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease that can result in a variety of serious complications, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. Inflammation and lipid metabolism alterations play a crucial role in atherogenesis, but the details of relationships and causality of these fundamental processes remain not clear. The oxidation of LDL was considered the main atherogenic modification of LDL within the vascular wall for decades. However, recent investigations provided a growing body of evidence in support of the multiple LDL modification theory. It suggests that LDL particles undergo numerous modifications that change their size, density, and chemical properties within the blood flow and vascular wall. Oxidation is the last stage in this cascade resulting in the atherogenic properties. Moreover, recent investigations have discovered that oxLDL may have both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties. Oxidized LDL can trigger inflammation through the activation of macrophages and other cells. After all, oxidized LDL is still a promising object for further investigations that have the potential to clarify the unknown parts of the atherogenic process. In this review, we discuss the role of oxLDL in atherosclerosis development on different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita G Nikiforov
- Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of the Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M Markin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of the Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Kashirskikh
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of the Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika A Myasoedova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia.,Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena V Gerasimova
- Department of Systemic Rheumatic Diseases, V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of the Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Sukhorukov VN, Khotina VA, Chegodaev YS, Ivanova E, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN. Lipid Metabolism in Macrophages: Focus on Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080262. [PMID: 32752275 PMCID: PMC7459513 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of lipid homeostasis and its impairment are of crucial importance for atherogenesis, and their understanding is necessary for successful development of new therapeutic approaches. In the arterial wall, macrophages play a prominent role in intracellular lipid accumulation, giving rise to foam cells that populate growing atherosclerotic plaques. Under normal conditions, macrophages are able to process substantial amounts of lipids and cholesterol without critical overload of the catabolic processes. However, in atherosclerosis, these pathways become inefficient, leading to imbalance in cholesterol and lipid metabolism and disruption of cellular functions. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge on the involvement of macrophage lipid metabolism in atherosclerosis development, including both the results of recent studies and classical concepts, and provide a detailed description of these processes from the moment of lipid uptake with lipoproteins to cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (I.A.S.); (A.N.O.)
- Russian Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, 15-a 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Str., 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-915-393-3263
| | - Victoria A. Khotina
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (I.A.S.); (A.N.O.)
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Angiopathology, 8 Baltiyskaya Str., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina Ivanova
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (I.A.S.); (A.N.O.)
- Russian Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, 15-a 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Str., 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (I.A.S.); (A.N.O.)
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Angiopathology, 8 Baltiyskaya Str., 125315 Moscow, Russia
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15
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Markin AM, Sobenin IA, Grechko AV, Zhang D, Orekhov AN. Cellular Mechanisms of Human Atherogenesis: Focus on Chronification of Inflammation and Mitochondrial Mutations. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:642. [PMID: 32528276 PMCID: PMC7247837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system that leads to the development of life-threatening conditions, such as heart attack and stroke. Arthrosclerosis affects various arteries in the human body, but is especially dangerous in the arteries alimenting heart and brain, aorta, and arteries of the lower limbs. By its pathophysiology, atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. During the pathological process, lesions of arterial intima in the form of focal thickening are observed, which form atherosclerotic plaques as the disease progresses further. Given the significance of atherosclerosis for the global health, the search for novel effective therapies is highly prioritized. However, despite the constant progress, our understanding of the mechanisms of atherogenesis is still incomplete. One of the remaining puzzles in atherosclerosis development is the focal distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in the arterial wall. It implies the existence of certain mosaicism within the tissue, with some areas more susceptible to disease development than others, which may prove to be important for novel therapy development. There are many hypotheses explaining this phenomenon, for example, the influence of viruses, and the spread in the endothelium of the vessel multinucleated giant endothelial cells. We suggest the local variations of the mitochondrial genome as a possible explanation of this mosaicism. In this review, we discuss the role of genetic variations in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes that influence the development of atherosclerosis. Changes in the mitochondrial and nuclear genome have been identified as independent factors for the development of the disease, as well as potential diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Markin
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A Sobenin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Infection Pathology and Molecular Microecology, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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Signaling Pathways and Key Genes Involved in Regulation of foam Cell Formation in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030584. [PMID: 32121535 PMCID: PMC7140394 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is associated with acute cardiovascular conditions, such as ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke, and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Our understanding of atherosclerosis and the processes triggering its initiation is constantly improving, and, during the last few decades, many pathological processes related to this disease have been investigated in detail. For example, atherosclerosis has been considered to be a chronic inflammation triggered by the injury of the arterial wall. However, recent works showed that atherogenesis is a more complex process involving not only the immune system, but also resident cells of the vessel wall, genetic factors, altered hemodynamics, and changes in lipid metabolism. In this review, we focus on foam cells that are crucial for atherosclerosis lesion formation. It has been demonstrated that the formation of foam cells is induced by modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The beneficial effects of the majority of therapeutic strategies with generalized action, such as the use of anti-inflammatory drugs or antioxidants, were not confirmed by clinical studies. However, the experimental therapies targeting certain stages of atherosclerosis, among which are lipid accumulation, were shown to be more effective. This emphasizes the relevance of future detailed investigation of atherogenesis and the importance of new therapies development.
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