1
|
Wei B, Wang Y, Ruan Q, Zhu X, Wang X, Wang T, Zhao Y, Wei X. Mechanism of action of microRNA166 on nitric oxide in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under drought stress. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:316. [PMID: 38549050 PMCID: PMC10976769 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alfalfa is a perennial forage crop of high importance, but its cultivation is often affected by drought stress. Currently, the investigation of drought-related small RNAs is a popular research topic to uncover plant drought resistance mechanisms. Among these small RNAs, microRNA166 (miR166) is associated with drought in numerous plant species. Initial small RNA sequencing studies have shown that miR166 is highly responsive to exogenous nitric oxide (NO) and drought. Therefore, analyzing the expression of Msa-miR166 under nitric oxide and drought treatment is significant. RESULT Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the miR166 family is widely distributed among plants, ranging from mosses to eudicots, with significant distribution differences between species. The evolutionary degree of Msa-miR166s is highly similar to that of Barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) and Soybean (Glycine max), but significantly different from the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). It is suggested that there are no significant differences in miR166s within the species, and members of Msa-miR166s can form a typical stem-loop. The lowest level of exogenous nitric oxide was observed in Msa-miR166s under drought stress, followed by individual drought, and the highest level was observed after removing endogenous nitric oxide. CONCLUSION In response to short-term drought, Msa-miR166s down-regulate expression in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Exogenous nitric oxide can reduce the expression of Msa-miR166s in response to short-term drought. These findings suggest that Msa-miR166e-5p is responsive to environmental changes. The expression levels of target genes showed an opposite trend to Msa-miR166s, verifying the accuracy of Degradome sequencing in the early stage. This suggests that alfalfa experiences drought stress when regulated by exogenous nitric oxide, targeting HD ZIP-III, FRI, and CoA ligase genes. Additionally, the expression of Msa-miR166s in response to drought stress varies between leaves and roots, indicating spatiotemporal specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bochuang Wei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qian Ruan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xian Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Tianjie Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiaohong Wei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abbas F, Faried HN, Akhtar G, Ullah S, Javed T, Shehzad MA, Ziaf K, Razzaq K, Amin M, Wattoo FM, Hafeez A, Rahimi M, Abeed AHA. Cucumber grafting on indigenous cucurbit landraces confers salt tolerance and improves fruit yield by enhancing morpho-physio-biochemical and ionic attributes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21697. [PMID: 38066051 PMCID: PMC10709624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pakistan is the 8th most climate-affected country in the globe along with a semi-arid to arid climate, thereby the crops require higher irrigation from underground water. Moreover, ~ 70% of pumped groundwater in irrigated agriculture is brackish and a major cause of secondary salinization. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable crop with an annual growth rate of about 3.3% in Pakistan. However, it is a relatively salt-sensitive crop. Therefore, a dire need for an alternate environment-friendly technology like grafting for managing salinity stress in cucumber by utilizing the indigenous cucurbit landraces. In this regard, a non-perforated pot-based study was carried out in a lath house to explore indigenous cucurbit landraces; bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) (cv. Faisalabad Round), pumpkin (Cucurbit pepo. L) (cv. Local Desi Special), sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca) (cv. Local) and ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) (cv. Desi Special) as rootstocks for inducing salinity tolerance in cucumber (cv. Yahla F1). Four different salts (NaCl) treatments; T0 Control (2.4 dSm-1), T1 (4 dSm-1), T2 (6 dSm-1) and T3 (8 dSm-1) were applied. The grafted cucumber plants were transplanted into the already-induced salinity pots (12-inch). Different morpho-physio-biochemical, antioxidants, ionic, and yield attributes were recorded. The results illustrate that increasing salinity negatively affected the growing cucumber plants. However, grafted cucumber plants showed higher salt tolerance relative to non-grafted ones. Indigenous bottle gourd landrace (cv. Faisalabad Round) exhibited higher salt tolerance compared to non-grafted cucumber plants due to higher up-regulation of morpho-physio-biochemical, ionic, and yield attributes that was also confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA). Shoot and root biomass, chlorophylls contents (a and b), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) enzymes, antioxidants scavenging activity (ASA), ionic (↑ K and Ca, ↓ Na), and yield-related attributes were found maximum in cucumber plants grafted onto indigenous bottle gourd landrace. Hence, the indigenous bottle gourd landrace 'cv. Faisalabad round' may be utilized as a rootstock for cucumber under a mild pot-based saline environment. However, indigenous bottle gourd landrace 'cv. Faisalabad round' may further be evaluated as rootstocks in moderate saline field conditions for possible developing hybrid rootstock and, subsequently, sustainable cucumber production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Abbas
- Department of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Nazar Faried
- Department of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Gulzar Akhtar
- Department of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Asif Shehzad
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Ziaf
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Razzaq
- Department of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Masoud Wattoo
- Department Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Hafeez
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mehdi Rahimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Amany H A Abeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carrasco D, Zhou-Tsang A, Rodriguez-Izquierdo A, Ocete R, Revilla MA, Arroyo-García R. Coastal Wild Grapevine Accession ( Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris) Shows Distinct Late and Early Transcriptome Changes under Salt Stress in Comparison to Commercial Rootstock Richter 110. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11202688. [PMID: 36297712 PMCID: PMC9610063 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Increase in soil salinity, driven by climate change, is a widespread constrain for viticulture across several regions, including the Mediterranean basin. The implementation of salt-tolerant varieties is sought after to reduce the negative impact of salinity in grape production. An accession of wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris), named AS1B, found on the coastline of Asturias (Spain), could be of interest toward the achievement of salt-tolerant varieties, as it demonstrated the ability to survive and grow under high levels of salinity. In the present study, AS1B is compared against widely cultivated commercial rootstock Richter 110, regarding their survival capabilities, and transcriptomic profiles analysis allowed us to identify the genes by employing RNA-seq and gene ontology analyses under increasing salinity and validate (via RT-qPCR) seven salinity-stress-induced genes. The results suggest contrasting transcriptomic responses between AS1B and Richter 110. AS1B is more responsive to a milder increase in salinity and builds up specific mechanisms of tolerance over a sustained salt stress, while Richter 110 maintains a constitutive expression until high and prolonged saline inputs, when it mainly shows responses to osmotic stress. The genetic basis of AS1B's strategy to confront salinity could be valuable in cultivar breeding programs, to expand the current range of salt-tolerant rootstocks, aiming to improve the adaptation of viticulture against climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Carrasco
- CSIC-INIA(CBGP) Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, UPM-INIA, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Campus de Montegancedo, CtraM-40, Km 38, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andres Zhou-Tsang
- CSIC-INIA(CBGP) Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, UPM-INIA, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Campus de Montegancedo, CtraM-40, Km 38, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Waite Research Institute, The School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Alberto Rodriguez-Izquierdo
- CSIC-INIA(CBGP) Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, UPM-INIA, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Campus de Montegancedo, CtraM-40, Km 38, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ocete
- Laboratorio Entomología Aplicada, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Angeles Revilla
- Departamento Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa Arroyo-García
- CSIC-INIA(CBGP) Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, UPM-INIA, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM Campus de Montegancedo, CtraM-40, Km 38, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sevilla E, Andreu P, Fillat MF, Peleato ML, Marín JA, Arbeloa A. Identification of Early Salt-Stress-Responsive Proteins in In Vitro Prunus Cultured Excised Roots. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162101. [PMID: 36015404 PMCID: PMC9416420 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fruit-tree rootstock selection is a challenge under a scenario of growing environmental stresses in which the soil and climate are greatly affected. Salinization is an increasing global process that severely affects soil fertility. The selection of rootstocks with the ability to tolerate salt stress is essential. Excised root cultures may be an excellent experimental approach to study stress physiology and a predictive tool to assess possible tolerance. In this study, we show how protein changes in response to salt stress evaluated in excised root cultures of Prunus cerasus (moderate salt-sensitive cultivar) could be representative of these changes in the roots of whole plants. The 2D electrophoresis of root extracts and subsequent spot identification by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS show 16 relevant proteins differentially expressed in roots as a response to 60 mM NaCl. Cytoplasmic isozyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase shows relevant changes in its relative presence of isoforms as a response to saline stress, while the total level of enzymes remains similar. Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase increases as a response to salinity, even though the measured activity is not significantly different. The observed changes are congruent with previous proteomic studies on the roots of whole plants that are involved in protection mechanisms against salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sevilla
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Institute of Biocomputation, Physics of Complex Systems, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Andreu
- Pomology Department, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María F. Fillat
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Institute of Biocomputation, Physics of Complex Systems, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Luisa Peleato
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Institute of Biocomputation, Physics of Complex Systems, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan A. Marín
- Pomology Department, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Arancha Arbeloa
- Pomology Department, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Buesa I, Pérez-Pérez JG, Visconti F, Strah R, Intrigliolo DS, Bonet L, Gruden K, Pompe-Novak M, de Paz JM. Physiological and Transcriptional Responses to Saline Irrigation of Young 'Tempranillo' Vines Grafted Onto Different Rootstocks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866053. [PMID: 35734259 PMCID: PMC9207310 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of more salt stress-tolerant vine rootstocks can be a sustainable strategy for adapting traditional grapevine cultivars to future conditions. However, how the new M1 and M4 rootstocks perform against salinity compared to conventional ones, such as the 1103-Paulsen, had not been previously assessed under real field conditions. Therefore, a field trial was carried out in a young 'Tempranillo' (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard grafted onto all three rootstocks under a semi-arid and hot-summer Mediterranean climate. The vines were irrigated with two kinds of water: a non-saline Control with EC of 0.8 dS m-1 and a Saline treatment with 3.5 dS m-1. Then, various physiological parameters were assessed in the scion, and, additionally, gene expression was studied by high throughput sequencing in leaf and berry tissues. Plant water relations evidenced the osmotic effect of water quality, but not that of the rootstock. Accordingly, leaf-level gas exchange rates were also reduced in all three rootstocks, with M1 inducing significantly lower net photosynthesis rates than 1103-Paulsen. Nevertheless, the expression of groups of genes involved in photosynthesis and amino acid metabolism pathways were not significantly and differentially expressed. The irrigation with saline water significantly increased leaf chloride contents in the scion onto the M-rootstocks, but not onto the 1103P. The limitation for leaf Cl- and Na+ accumulation on the scion was conferred by rootstock. Few processes were differentially regulated in the scion in response to the saline treatment, mainly, in the groups of genes involved in the flavonoids and phenylpropanoids metabolic pathways. However, these transcriptomic effects were not fully reflected in grape phenolic ripeness, with M4 being the only one that did not cause reductions in these compounds in response to salinity, and 1103-Paulsen having the highest overall concentrations. These results suggest that all three rootstocks confer short-term salinity tolerance to the scion. The lower transcriptomic changes and the lower accumulation of potentially phytotoxic ions in the scion grafted onto 1103-Paulsen compared to M-rootstocks point to the former being able to maintain this physiological response in the longer term. Further agronomic trials should be conducted to confirm these effects on vine physiology and transcriptomics in mature vineyards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Buesa
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Centro para el Desarrollo de la Agricultura Sostenible, Unidad Asociada al CSIC “Riego en la Agricultura Mediterránea”, Valencia, Spain
- Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Juan G. Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Centro para el Desarrollo de la Agricultura Sostenible, Unidad Asociada al CSIC “Riego en la Agricultura Mediterránea”, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Visconti
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Centro para el Desarrollo de la Agricultura Sostenible, Unidad Asociada al CSIC “Riego en la Agricultura Mediterránea”, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, Departmento de Ecología (CSIC, UV, GV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Rebeka Strah
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Diego S. Intrigliolo
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, Departmento de Ecología (CSIC, UV, GV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Bonet
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Centro para el Desarrollo de la Agricultura Sostenible, Unidad Asociada al CSIC “Riego en la Agricultura Mediterránea”, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Pompe-Novak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- School for Viticulture and Enology, University of Nova Gorica, Vipava, Slovenia
| | - Jose M. de Paz
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Centro para el Desarrollo de la Agricultura Sostenible, Unidad Asociada al CSIC “Riego en la Agricultura Mediterránea”, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prinsi B, Muratore C, Espen L. Biochemical and Proteomic Changes in the Roots of M4 Grapevine Rootstock in Response to Nitrate Availability. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10040792. [PMID: 33920578 PMCID: PMC8073184 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In agricultural soils, nitrate (NO3-) is the major nitrogen (N) nutrient for plants, but few studies have analyzed molecular and biochemical responses involved in its acquisition by grapevine roots. In viticulture, considering grafting, NO3- acquisition is strictly dependent on rootstock. To improve the knowledge about N nutrition in grapevine, this study analyzed biochemical and proteomic changes induced by, NO3- availability, in a hydroponic system, in the roots of M4, a recently selected grapevine rootstock. The evaluation of biochemical parameters, such as NO3-, sugar and amino acid contents in roots, and the abundance of nitrate reductase, allowed us to define the time course of the metabolic adaptations to NO3- supply. On the basis of these results, the proteomic analysis was conducted by comparing the root profiles in N-starved plants and after 30 h of NO3- resupply. The analysis quantified 461 proteins, 26% of which differed in abundance between conditions. Overall, this approach highlighted, together with an increased N assimilatory metabolism, a concomitant rise in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis, needed to fulfill the redox power and carbon skeleton demands, respectively. Moreover, a wide modulation of protein and amino acid metabolisms and changes of proteins involved in root development were observed. Finally, some results open new questions about the importance of redox-related post-translational modifications and of NO3- availability in modulating the dialog between root and rhizosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Espen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-503-16610
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Santander C, Aroca R, Cartes P, Vidal G, Cornejo P. Aquaporins and cation transporters are differentially regulated by two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains in lettuce cultivars growing under salinity conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:396-409. [PMID: 33248899 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to identify the effects of AM symbiosis on the expression patterns of genes associated with K+ and Na+ compartmentalization and translocation and on K+/Na+ homeostasis in some lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivars as well as the effects of the relative abundance of plant AQPs on plant water status. Two AM fungi species (Funneliformis mosseae and Claroideoglomus lamellosum) isolated from the hyper-arid Atacama Desert (northern Chile) were inoculated to two lettuce cultivars (Grand Rapids and Lollo Bionda), and watered with 0 and 60 mM NaCl. At 60 days of plant growth, the AM symbiotic development, biomass production, nutrient content (Pi, Na+, K+), physiological parameters, gene expressions of ion channels and transporters (NHX and HKT1), and aquaporins proteins abundance (phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated) were evaluated. Salinity increased the AM root colonization by both inocula. AM lettuce plants showed an improved growth, increased relative water content and improved of K/Na ratio in root. In Grand Rapids cultivar, the high efficiency of photosystem II was higher than Lollo Bionda cultivar; on the contrary, stomatal conductance was higher in Lollo Bionda. Nevertheless, both parameters were increased by AM colonization. In the same way, LsaHKT1;1, LsaHKT1;6, LsaNHX2, LsaNHX4, LsaNHX6 and LsaNHX8 genes and aquaporins PIP2 were up-regulated differentially by both AM fungi. The improved plant growth was closely related to a higher water status due to increased PIP2 abundance, as well as to the upregulation of LsaNHX gene expression, which concomitantly improved plant nutrition and K+/Na+ homeostasis maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Santander
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Universidad Arturo Prat, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Recursos Hídricos (CIDERH), Vivar 493 2nd floor, Iquique, Chile
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Cartes
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Grupo de Ingeniería y Biotecnología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|