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Forabosco P, Pala M, Crobu F, Diana MA, Marongiu M, Cusano R, Angius A, Steri M, Orrù V, Schlessinger D, Fiorillo E, Devoto M, Cucca F. Transcriptome organization of white blood cells through gene co-expression network analysis in a large RNA-seq dataset. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1350111. [PMID: 38629067 PMCID: PMC11018966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene co-expression network analysis enables identification of biologically meaningful clusters of co-regulated genes (modules) in an unsupervised manner. We present here the largest study conducted thus far of co-expression networks in white blood cells (WBC) based on RNA-seq data from 624 individuals. We identify 41 modules, 13 of them related to specific immune-related functions and cell types (e.g. neutrophils, B and T cells, NK cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells); we highlight biologically relevant lncRNAs for each annotated module of co-expressed genes. We further characterize with unprecedented resolution the modules in T cell sub-types, through the availability of 95 immune phenotypes obtained by flow cytometry in the same individuals. This study provides novel insights into the transcriptional architecture of human leukocytes, showing how network analysis can advance our understanding of coding and non-coding gene interactions in immune system cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Forabosco
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro Pala
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Crobu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Diana
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mara Marongiu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Cusano
- CRS4-Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Core, Parco POLARIS, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Angius
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maristella Steri
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Orrù
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MA, United States
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcella Devoto
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale e di Precisione, Università Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Jiang S, Zhang G, Miao J, Wu D, Li X, Li J, Lu J, Gun S. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insight into the Glucose-Induced Adipogenesis in Porcine Adipocytes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2027-2042. [PMID: 38534747 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose is a major energy substrate for porcine adipocytes and also serves as a regulatory signal for adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. In this study, we combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses to reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms of high glucose (HG) on adipogenesis by comparing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) identified in porcine adipocytes. Results showed that HG (20 mmol/L) significantly increased fat accumulation in porcine adipocytes compared to low glucose (LG, 5 mmol/L). A total of 843 DEGs and 365 DAMs were identified. Functional enrichment analyses of DEGs found that multiple pathways were related to adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and immune-inflammatory responses. PPARγ, C/EBPα, ChREBP, and FOS were identified as the key hub genes through module 3 analysis, and PPARγ acted as a central regulator by linking genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune-inflammatory responses. Gene-metabolite networks found that PPARγ-13-HODE was the most important interaction relationship. These results revealed that PPARγ could mediate the cross-talk between adipogenesis and the immune-inflammatory response during adipocyte maturation. This work provides a comprehensive view of the regulatory mechanisms of glucose on adipogenesis in porcine adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jian Miao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Dianhu Wu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Ximei Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jianxiong Lu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Finocchio L, Zeppieri M, Gabai A, Spadea L, Salati C. Recent Advances of Adipose-Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Retinal Diseases. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7015. [PMID: 38002628 PMCID: PMC10672618 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of stem cell research in modern times, stem cell-based therapy has opened a new era of tissue regeneration, becoming one of the most promising strategies for currently untreatable retinal diseases. Among the various sources of stem cells, adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality due to their characteristics and multiple functions, which include immunoregulation, anti-apoptosis of neurons, cytokine and growth factor secretion, and antioxidative activities. Studies have shown that ADSCs can facilitate the replacement of dying cells, promote tissue remodeling and regeneration, and support the survival and growth of retinal cells. Recent studies in this field have provided numerous experiments using different preclinical models. The aim of our review is to provide an overview of the therapeutic strategies, modern-day clinical trials, experimental models, and potential clinical use of this fascinating class of cells in addressing retinal disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Finocchio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (L.F.)
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (L.F.)
| | - Andrea Gabai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (L.F.)
| | - Leopoldo Spadea
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (L.F.)
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Synovial Fluid Derived from Human Knee Osteoarthritis Increases the Viability of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells through Upregulation of FOSL1. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020330. [PMID: 36672268 PMCID: PMC9856741 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (Knee OA) is an irreversible condition that causes bone deformity and degeneration of the articular cartilage that comprises the joints, resulting in chronic pain and movement disorders. The administration of cultured adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into the knee joint cavity improves the clinical symptoms of Knee OA; however, the effect of synovial fluid (SF) filling the joint cavity on the injected ADSCs remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of adding SF from Knee OA patients to cultured ADSCs prepared for therapeutic use in an environment that mimics the joint cavity. An increase in the viability of ADSCs was observed following the addition of SF. Gene expression profiling of SF-treated ADSCs using DNA microarrays revealed changes in several genes involved in cell survival. Of these genes, we focused on FOSL1, which is involved in the therapeutic effect of ADSCs and the survival and proliferation of cancer stem cells. We confirmed the upregulation of FOSL1 mRNA and protein expression using RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Next, we knocked down FOSL1 in ADSCs using siRNA and observed a decrease in cell viability, indicating the involvement of FOSL1 in the survival of ADSCs. Interestingly, in the knockdown cells, ADSC viability was also decreased by SF exposure. These results suggest that SF enhances cell viability by upregulating FOSL1 expression in ADSCs. For therapy using cultured ADSCs, the therapeutic effect of ADSCs may be further enhanced if an environment more conducive to the upregulation of FOSL1 expression in ADSCs can be established.
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Extracellular Vesicles: New Classification and Tumor Immunosuppression. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010110. [PMID: 36671802 PMCID: PMC9856004 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-surrounded vesicles carrying various types of molecules. These EV cargoes are often used as pathophysiological biomarkers and delivered to recipient cells whose fates are often altered in local and distant tissues. Classical EVs are exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, while recent studies discovered autophagic EVs, stressed EVs, and matrix vesicles. Here, we classify classical and new EVs and non-EV nanoparticles. We also review EVs-mediated intercellular communication between cancer cells and various types of tumor-associated cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and immune cells. Of note, cancer EVs play crucial roles in immunosuppression, immune evasion, and immunotherapy resistance. Thus, cancer EVs change hot tumors into cold ones. Moreover, cancer EVs affect nonimmune cells to promote cellular transformation, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), chemoresistance, tumor matrix production, destruction of biological barriers, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and metastatic niche formation.
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Zhang YX, Ou MY, Yang ZH, Sun Y, Li QF, Zhou SB. Adipose tissue aging is regulated by an altered immune system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125395. [PMID: 36875140 PMCID: PMC9981968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a widely distributed organ that plays a critical role in age-related physiological dysfunctions as an important source of chronic sterile low-grade inflammation. Adipose tissue undergoes diverse changes during aging, including fat depot redistribution, brown and beige fat decrease, functional decline of adipose progenitor and stem cells, senescent cell accumulation, and immune cell dysregulation. Specifically, inflammaging is common in aged adipose tissue. Adipose tissue inflammaging reduces adipose plasticity and pathologically contributes to adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and ultimately, adipose tissue dysfunction. Adipose tissue inflammaging also contributes to age-related diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. There is an increased infiltration of immune cells into adipose tissue, and these infiltrating immune cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Several important molecular and signaling pathways mediate the process, including JAK/STAT, NFκB and JNK, etc. The roles of immune cells in aging adipose tissue are complex, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this review, we summarize the consequences and causes of inflammaging in adipose tissue. We further outline the cellular/molecular mechanisms of adipose tissue inflammaging and propose potential therapeutic targets to alleviate age-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Yi Ou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Han Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Feng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Labusca L. Adipose tissue in bone regeneration - stem cell source and beyond. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:372-392. [PMID: 35949397 PMCID: PMC9244952 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i6.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is recognized as a complex organ involved in major home-ostatic body functions, such as food intake, energy balance, immunomodulation, development and growth, and functioning of the reproductive organs. The role of AT in tissue and organ homeostasis, repair and regeneration is increasingly recognized. Different AT compartments (white AT, brown AT and bone marrow AT) and their interrelation with bone metabolism will be presented. AT-derived stem cell populations - adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and pluripotent-like stem cells. Multilineage differentiating stress-enduring and dedifferentiated fat cells can be obtained in relatively high quantities compared to other sources. Their role in different strategies of bone and fracture healing tissue engineering and cell therapy will be described. The current use of AT- or AT-derived stem cell populations for fracture healing and bone regenerative strategies will be presented, as well as major challenges in furthering bone regenerative strategies to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Labusca
- Magnetic Materials and Sensors, National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi 700050, Romania
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, County Emergency Hospital Saint Spiridon Iasi, Iasi 700050, Romania
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Wang L, Gu W, Ni H. Construction of a prognostic value model in papillary renal cell carcinoma by immune-related genes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24903. [PMID: 33761648 PMCID: PMC9281962 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is the second most common type of renal carcinoma following clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and the role of immune-related genes (IRGs) in tumorigenesis and metastasis is evident; its prognostic value in PRCC remains unclear. In this study, we downloaded the gene expression profiles and clinical data of patients with PRCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and obtained IRGs from the ImmPort database. A total of 371 differentially expressed IRGs (DEIRGs) were discovered between PRCC and normal kidney tissues. Prognostic DEIRGs (PDEIRGs) were identified by univariate Cox regression analysis. Then, we screened the four most representative PDEIRGs (IL13RA2, CCL19, BIRC5, and INHBE) and used them to construct a risk model to predict the prognosis of patients with PRCC. This model precisely stratified survival outcome and accurately identified mutation burden in PRCC. Thus, our results suggest that these four PDEIRGs are available prognostic predictors for PRCC. They could be used to assess the prognosis and to guide individualized treatments for patients with PRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huijun Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Huangdao District, Qingdao, P.R. China
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