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Chen Y, Xia H, Zhong X. In Vitro evaluation of the anti-pancreatic cancer activity of epimedium herb. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1389221. [PMID: 39011503 PMCID: PMC11246921 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1389221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a particularly aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options. The search for innovative treatments has focused on traditional Chinese medicine, specifically epimedium. This research investigates epimedium's active ingredients, potential targets, and underlying mechanisms in treating PC. Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the active components of epimedium and HPLC-Q-TOF-MS was employed for qualitative identification. Potential targets of epimedium's active ingredients were identified using the TCMSP, ETCM, CTD, and Swiss Target Prediction databases. Potential PC-related targets were sourced from DisGeNET, GeneCards, and OMIM databases. A Venn diagram was utilized to identify overlapping PC-related and epimedium targets. Core targets and pathways were elucidated through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) assessments, and Reactome pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular docking techniques investigated interactions between active compounds and these targets. The expression and prognostic implications of target genes were evaluated using GEPIA2 and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. In vitro studies assessed the impact of epimedium extract (EPE) on Panc-1 cell viability, and Western blot analysis examined the expression levels of key targets. Results: Network pharmacological indicate that epimedium econtains active components such as baohuoside I, icariin, hyperoside, and epimedin B, which have potential therapeutic effects against PC. In vitro assays confirmed that EPE significantly reduced the viability of Panc-1 cells. Western blot analysis revealed a considerable decrease in the expression of key targets in EPE-treated cells, including AKT1, EGFR, p-EGFR, JUN, BCL2, IL6, and SRC. The R-HSA-1280215: Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling pathways involving these genes were identified as potential therapeutic targets. Discussion: Epimedium holds promise as a candidate for treating PC. The modulation of interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling pathways could be a pivotal mechanism by which epimedium impedes tumor development. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore the clinical applicability of epimedium in PC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfeng Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Han Xia
- Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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2
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Wei Y, Zhu M, Chen Y, Ji Q, Wang J, Shen L, Yang X, Hu H, Zhou X, Zhu Q. Network pharmacology and experimental evaluation strategies to decipher the underlying pharmacological mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine CFF-1 against prostate cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5387-5411. [PMID: 38484140 PMCID: PMC11006490 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy in elderly men. We have applied Traditional Chinese Medicine CFF-1 in clinical treatments for PCa for several years. Here, we aimed to identify the underlying mechanism of CFF-1 on PCa using network pharmacology and experimental validation. Active ingredients, potential targets of CFF-1 were acquired from the public databases. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction (PPI) and the herbs-active ingredients-target network was constructed. A prognostic model for PCa was also constructed based on key targets. In vitro experiments using PCa cell lines CWR22Rv1 and PC-3 were carried out to validate the potential mechanism of CFF-1 on PCa. A total of 112 bioactive compounds and 359 key targets were screened from public databases. PPI and herbs-active ingredients-target network analysis determined 12 genes as the main targets of CFF-1 on PCa. Molecular docking studies indicated that the primary active ingredients of CFF-1 possess strong binding affinity to the top five hub targets. DNMT3B, RXRB and HPRT1 were found to be involved in immune regulation of PCa. In vitro, CFF-1 was found to inhibit PCa cell proliferation, migration, invasion and induce apoptosis via PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, TNF, EGFR-TKI resistance and PD-1 checkpoint signaling pathways. This study comprehensively elucidates the underlying molecular mechanism of CFF-1 against PCa, offering a strong rationale for clinical application of CFF-1 in PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wei
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ye Chen
- The First Medicine College, Taizhou Campus of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Qianying Ji
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Luming Shen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Haibin Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian 223812, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qingyi Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
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Arwansyah A, Lewa AF, Muliani M, Warnasih S, Mustopa AZ, Arif AR. Molecular Recognition of Moringa oleifera Active Compounds for Stunted Growth Prevention Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Modeling Approach. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44121-44138. [PMID: 38027368 PMCID: PMC10666129 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, network pharmacology was used to analyze the active compounds of Moringa oleifera as food supplements for stunted growth prevention. Thirty-eight important proteins were discovered that may be strongly related to stunting. Those proteins were uploaded to several online tool platforms in order to determine the shared genes' pathways. Six pathways were identified that may be correlated with human growth. Furthermore, ligands for molecular docking analysis were retrieved from the top 5 active substances discovered through experimental investigation. In the meantime, the first-degree rank based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) topological analysis was utilized to choose albumin protein (ALB) as a receptor. Our docking results showed that every ligand binds to the receptors, indicating that they can bind to the binding site of the ALB protein to form a complex formation. Further, MD simulation was used to verify the stability of the ligand in complex with the protein in the TIP3P water model. Based on the validation parameters, our results suggested that all models achieved a stable phase along the simulation. Additionally, the MM-GBSA method was used to calculate the binding energies of all models. Ligands 2 and 4 have strong binding to the binding pocket of ALB, followed by ligands 3, 5, and 2, suggesting that those ligands could be promising food supplements that can be utilized for the prevention of stunted growth in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwansyah Arwansyah
- Department
of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tadulako University, Palu 94148, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Genetic Engineering, National
Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Abd Farid Lewa
- Department
of Nutrition, Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu, Palu 94148, Indonesia
| | - Muliani Muliani
- Department
of Midwife, Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu, Palu 94148, Indonesia
| | - Siti Warnasih
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Pakuan University, Bogor 16129, Indonesia
| | - Apon Zaenal Mustopa
- Research
Center for Genetic Engineering, National
Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Abdur Rahman Arif
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
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Xu M, Zhai W, Zhang Y, Pan J, Li J, Huang S. Kaixin Jieyu Granule attenuates neuroinflammation-induced depressive-like behavior through TLR4/PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway: a study of network pharmacology and experimental validation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:156. [PMID: 37173696 PMCID: PMC10182664 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaixin Jieyu Granule (KJG), an improved formula of Kai-xin-san and Si-ni-san, is a highly effective formula with demonstrated efficacy in preventing depression in previous studies. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of KJG's antidepressant effects on inflammatory molecules remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of KJG on depression using network pharmacology and experimental validation. METHODS We employed a multi-faceted approach, combining high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), network pharmacology, and molecular docking, to unravel the underlying mechanisms of KJG's anti-depressant effects. To confirm our findings, we conducted at least two independent in vivo experiments on mice, utilizing both the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced models. Furthermore, the results of in vivo experiments were verified by in vitro assays. Behavioral tests were utilized to evaluate depression-like behaviors, while Nissl staining was used to assess morphological changes in the hippocampus. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathway-related protein expressions were determined using a combination of immunofluorescence staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western Blotting (WB). RESULTS Our network-based approaches indicated that ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1) and saikosaponin d (Ssd) are the major constituents of KJG that exert an anti-depressant effect by regulating TLR4, PI3K, AKT1, and FOXO1 targets through the toll-like receptor, PI3K/AKT, and FoxO pathways. In vivo, KJG can attenuate depression-like behaviors, protect hippocampal neuronal cells, and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) by repressing TLR4 expression, which was regulated by the inhibition of FOXO1 through nuclear exportation. Furthermore, KJG increases the expression levels of PI3K, AKT, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-PTEN. Our in vitro assays are consistent with our in vivo studies. On the other hand, the above effects can be reversed by applying TAK242 and LY294002. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that KJG can exert anti-depressant effects by regulating neuroinflammation through the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway by suppressing TLR4 activation. The study's findings reveal novel mechanisms underlying the anti-depressant effects of KJG, presenting promising avenues for the development of targeted therapeutic approaches for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Xu
- Guang' Anmen Hospital, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Department of oncology, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wujianwen Zhai
- Guang' Anmen Hospital, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Guang' Anmen Hospital, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Juhua Pan
- Guang' Anmen Hospital, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of oncology, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Shijing Huang
- Guang' Anmen Hospital, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Chear NJY, Ching-Ga TAF, Khaw KY, León F, Tan WN, Yusof SR, McCurdy CR, Murugaiyah V, Ramanathan S. Natural Corynanthe-Type Cholinesterase Inhibitors from Malaysian Uncaria attenuata Korth.: Isolation, Characterization, In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030390. [PMID: 36984830 PMCID: PMC10059728 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Uncaria genus is notable for its therapeutic potential in treating age-related dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease. A phytochemical study of the leaves of Malaysian Uncaria attenuata Korth., afforded an undescribed natural corynanthe-type oxindole alkaloid, isovillocarine D (1) together with two known indole alkaloids, villocarine A (2) and geissoschizine methyl ether (3), and their structural identification was performed with extensive mono- and bidimensional NMR and MS spectroscopic methods. The isolated alkaloids were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE)- and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)-inhibitory activity. The results indicated that compound (2) was the most potent inhibitor against both AChE and BChE, with IC50 values of 14.45 and 13.95 µM, respectively, whereas compounds (1) and (3) were selective BChE inhibitors with IC50 values of 35.28 and 17.65 µM, respectively. In addition, molecular docking studies revealed that compound (2) interacts with the five main regions of AChE via both hydrogen and hydrophobic bonding. In contrast to AChE, the interactions of (2) with the enzymatic site of BChE are established only through hydrophobic bonding. The current finding suggests that U. attenuata could be a good source of bioactive alkaloids for treating age-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tan Ai Fein Ching-Ga
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kooi-Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Francisco León
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, USA
| | - Wen-Nee Tan
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siti R. Yusof
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Christopher R. McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Surash Ramanathan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (S.R.)
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Systems Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Investigate Pharmacological Mechanisms of Total Flavonoids in Dracocephalum moldavica on Chronic Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158409. [PMID: 35955548 PMCID: PMC9368860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome of cardiac insufficiency caused by abnormalities in cardiac structure and function that arise for various reasons, and it is the final stage of most cardiovascular diseases’ progression. Total flavonoid extract from Dracocephalum moldavica L. (TFDM) has many pharmacological and biological roles, such as cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-atherogenic, antihypertensive, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, etc. However, its effect on HF and its molecular mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we used systems pharmacology and an animal model of HF to investigate the cardioprotective effect of TFDM and its molecular mechanism. Eleven compounds in TFDM were obtained from the literature, and 114 overlapping genes related to TFDM and HF were collected from several databases. A PPI network and C-T network were established, and GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed. The top targets from the PPI network and C-T network were validated using molecular docking. The pharmacological activity was investigated in an HFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) mouse model. This study shows that TFDM has a protective effect on HFpEF, and its protective mechanism may be related to the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, apoptosis-related genes, fibrosis-related genes, etc. Collectively, this study offers new insights for researchers to understand the protective effect and mechanism of TFDM against HFpEF using a network pharmacology method and a murine model of HFpEF, which suggest that TFDM is a promising therapy for HFpEF in the clinic.
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7
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Gao L, Zhang Z, Wu W, Deng Y, Zhi H, Long H, Lei M, Hou J, Wu W, Guo DA. Quantitative imaging of natural products in fine brain regions using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI): Uncaria alkaloids as a case study. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4999-5007. [PMID: 35639139 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Uncaria species (Rubiaceae) are used as traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) to treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and monoterpene indole alkaloids are the main bioactive constituents. Localization and quantification of CNS drugs in fine brain regions are important to provide insights into their pharmacodynamics, for which quantitative mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has emerged as a powerful technique. A systematic study of the quantitative imaging of seven Uncaria alkaloids in rat brains using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) was presented. The distribution of the alkaloids in thirteen brain regions was quantified successfully using the calibration curves generated by a modified on-tissue approach. The distribution trend of different Uncaria alkaloids in the rat brain was listed as monoterpene indole alkaloids > monoterpene oxindole alkaloids, R-configuration epimers > S-configuration epimers. Particularly, Uncaria alkaloids were detected directly in the pineal gland for the first time and their enrichment phenomenon in this region had an instructive significance in future pharmacodynamic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zijia Zhang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yanping Deng
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haijuan Zhi
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huali Long
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Min Lei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - De-An Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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8
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An updated review on the antimicrobial and pharmacological properties of the genus Uncaria (Rubiaceae). J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mining Important Herb Combinations of Traditional Chinese Medicine against Hypertension Based on the Symptom-Herb Network Combined with Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5850899. [PMID: 35360657 PMCID: PMC8964163 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5850899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although data mining methods are extensively used in the rule analysis of famous old traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) experts' prescriptions for the treatment of hypertension, most of them only mine the association between herbs and herbs, ignoring the importance of symptoms in the disease. This study collected 439 cases of hypertension treated by famous old TCM experts from the FangNet platform. Using the structure network algorithm, the symptom-herb network was constructed, which redefined the importance of herb in disease. Based on the network, 21 driver herbs, 76 herb pairs, and 41 symptom-herb associations were mined. Finally, the basic prescription composed of Gouteng (Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), and Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) was found. These herbs are the most significant among all herbs, and they have a potential correlation with each other. To further verify the rationality of the data mining results, we adopted the network pharmacology method. Network pharmacological analysis shows that the five core targets in the basic prescription include IL6, VEGFA, TNF, TP53, and EGF, which link 10 significant active compounds and 7 important KEGG pathways. It was predicted that anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, vascular endothelial protection, emotion regulation, and ion channel intervention might be the main mechanisms of the basic prescription against hypertension. This study reveals the prescription rule of famous old TCM experts for treating hypertension from a new perspective, which provides a new approach to inherit the academic experience of famous old TCM experts and develop new drugs.
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Arwansyah A, Arif AR, Ramli I, Hasrianti H, Kurniawan I, Ambarsari L, Sumaryada TI, Taiyeb M. Investigation of Active Compounds of
Brucea Javanica
In Treating Hypertension Using A Network Pharmacology‐Based Analysis Combined with Homology Modeling, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arwansyah Arwansyah
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo 91921- Palopo Indonesia
| | - Abdur Rahman Arif
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Hasanuddin University 90245 -Makassar Indonesia
| | - Irwan Ramli
- Department of Physics Faculty of Science Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo 91921- Palopo Indonesia
| | - Hasrianti Hasrianti
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo 91921- Palopo Indonesia
| | - Isman Kurniawan
- School of Computing Telkom University 40257- Bandung Indonesia
- Research Center of Human Centric Engineering Telkom University 40257-Bandung Indonesia
| | - Laksmi Ambarsari
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bogor Agricultural University 16680 -Bogor Indonesia
| | - Tony Ibnu Sumaryada
- Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bogor Agricultural University 16680- Bogor Indonesia
| | - Mushawwir Taiyeb
- Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Makassar State University 90222- Makassar Indonesia
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Clinical Evaluation of Pinggan Yiqi Yangshen Recipe Combined with Labetalol Hydrochloride and Magnesium Sulfate in the Treatment of PIH. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3135043. [PMID: 34745277 PMCID: PMC8568534 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3135043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background To observe the clinical effect of Pinggan Yiqi Yangshen recipe combined with labetalol hydrochloride and magnesium sulfate in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Methods A total of 126 patients with PIH diagnosed in our hospital from January 2016 to May 2018 were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, with 63 cases in each group. The control group was treated with labetalol combined with magnesium sulfate. On the basis of the control group, the experimental group was treated with Pinggan Yiqi Yangshen recipe. Clinical efficacy, blood pressure, renal function, and biochemical indexes were compared between the two groups. Moreover, pregnancy outcomes and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the total effective rate in the experimental group was higher than in the control group. Blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in the experimental group were more significantly downregulated than the control group. Renal function indexes and biochemical indexes in the experimental group were more significant than those in the control group. The incidence of cesarean section, preterm birth, and abnormal fetal heart rate in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group. There was no difference in the incidence of fetal distress, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia, and adverse reactions between the two groups. Conclusion Pinggan Yiqi Yangshen recipe combined with labetalol hydrochloride and magnesium sulfate can effectively reduce the blood pressure of patients with PIH, help patients to return to normal levels of biochemical indexes and renal function indexes, and improve pregnancy outcomes with high safety, which is worthy of further promotion and application in clinical practice.
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Integrative Network Pharmacology of Moringa oleifera Combined with Gemcitabine against Pancreatic Cancer. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) is the first-line chemotherapy drug for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Moringa oleifera (MO) exhibited various biological activities, including anticancer effects. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of their combination against pancreatic cancer has not yet been explored. This study evaluates the effect of MO and GEM against pancreatic cancer through network pharmacology. TCMSP, TCMID, and PubMed were used to identify and screen MO bioactive compounds. MO and GEM genes were predicted through DGIdb, CTD, and DrugBank. Pancreatic cancer genes were retrieved from OMIM and MalaCards. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) and compound-target-pathway network were established via STRING and Cytoscape. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis were conducted using DAVID Bioinformatic Tools. Catechin, kaempferol, quercetin, and epicatechin that met the drug screening requirements, and three additional compounds, glucomoringin, glucoraphanin, and moringinine, were identified as bioactive compounds in MO. Catechin was found to be the main hub compound in MO. TP53, AKT1, VEGFA, and CCND1 from PPI network were discovered as hub genes to have biological importance in pancreatic cancer. GO and pathway analysis revealed that MO and GEM combination was mainly associated with cancer, including pancreatic cancer, through regulation of apoptosis. Combination therapy between MO and GEM might provide insight in pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Sun X, Zheng Y, Tian L, Miao Y, Zeng T, Jiang Y, Pei J, Ahmad B, Huang L. Metabolome profiling and molecular docking analysis revealed the metabolic differences and potential pharmacological mechanisms of the inflorescence and succulent stem of Cistanche deserticola. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27226-27245. [PMID: 35480642 PMCID: PMC9037670 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07488h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cistanche deserticola is an endangered plant used for medicine and food. Our purpose is to explore the differences in metabolism between inflorescences in non-medicinal parts and succulent stems in medicinal parts in order to strengthen the application and development of the non-medicinal parts of C. deserticola. We performed metabolomics analysis through LC-ESI-MS/MS on the inflorescences and succulent stems of three ecotypes (saline-alkali land, grassland and sandy land) of C. deserticola. A total of 391 common metabolites in six groups were identified, of which isorhamnetin O-hexoside (inflorescence) and rosinidin O-hexoside (succulent stems) can be used as chemical markers to distinguish succulent stems and inflorescences. Comparing the metabolic differences of three ecotypes, we found that most of the different metabolites related to salt-alkali stress were flavonoids. In particular, we mapped the biosynthetic pathway of phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) and showed the metabolic differences in the six groups. To better understand the pharmacodynamic mechanisms and targets of C. deserticola, we screened 88 chemical components and 15 potential disease targets through molecular docking. The active ingredients of C. deserticola have a remarkable docking effect on the targets of aging diseases such as osteoporosis, vascular disease and atherosclerosis. To explore the use value of inflorescence, we analyzed the molecular docking of the unique flavonoid metabolites in inflorescence with inflammation targets. The results showed that chrysoeriol and cynaroside had higher scores for inflammation targets. This study provides a scientific basis for the discovery and industrialization of the resource value of the non-medicinal parts of C. deserticola, and the realization of the sustainable development of C. deserticola. It also provides a novel strategy for exploring indications of Chinese herb. Flow chart for exploring the metabolic and pharmacological characteristics of different parts of Cistanche deserticola.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 China .,Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education Beijing 100193 China +86-10-62899700 +86-10-57833197
| | - Yan Zheng
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 China .,Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education Beijing 100193 China +86-10-62899700 +86-10-57833197.,Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330000 Jiangxi China
| | - Lixia Tian
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 China .,Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education Beijing 100193 China +86-10-62899700 +86-10-57833197
| | - Yujing Miao
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 China .,Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education Beijing 100193 China +86-10-62899700 +86-10-57833197
| | - Tiexin Zeng
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 China .,Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education Beijing 100193 China +86-10-62899700 +86-10-57833197.,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu Sichuan 611137 China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 China .,Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education Beijing 100193 China +86-10-62899700 +86-10-57833197
| | - Jin Pei
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu Sichuan 611137 China
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Center for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar 25000 Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Linfang Huang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 China .,Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education Beijing 100193 China +86-10-62899700 +86-10-57833197
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14
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The Roles of Tetramethylpyrazine During Neurodegenerative Disease. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1665-1677. [PMID: 34351568 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With the aging of the world population, neurodegenerative diseases are considered crippling diseases, which seriously affect the quality of life and are an increasing burden on society and the economy. As a major alkaloid in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) plays an increasingly significant role during neurodegenerative diseases, including roles as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiplatelet citatory poisoning, and anti-inflammation. This review focuses on the latest advances in the roles and mechanisms of action of TMP in neurodegenerative diseases to stimulate new concepts and methods for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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15
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Niu B, Xie X, Xiong X, Jiang J. Network pharmacology-based analysis of the anti-hyperglycemic active ingredients of roselle and experimental validation. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:104636. [PMID: 34809966 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the top four leading causes of death among noncommunicable diseases worldwide, according to the World Hibiscus sabdariffa 2019. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), a traditional herbal medicine, has shown significant clinical anti-hyperglycemic efficacy. However, the mechanism of the treatment is not yet clear. We found that Roselle has a certain protective effect on vascular endothelial cells through this study. This study was based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. The present study made a comprehensive analysis by combining active ingredient screening, target prediction and signaling pathway analysis to elucidate the active ingredients and possible molecular mechanism of roselle for the first time, which provided theoretical and experimental basis for the development and application of roselle as an antidiabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxuan Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Collage of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453002, China.
| | - Xu Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xiaoming Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Junlin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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16
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Fast determination of 16 circulating neurotransmitters and their metabolites in plasma samples of spontaneously hypertensive rats intervened with five different Uncaria. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1179:122856. [PMID: 34329893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a sensitive, reproducible, and rapid liquid chromatography method with tandem mass spectrometry detection to perform simultaneous quantitative analysis of 16 neurotransmitters and their metabolites in rat plasma, including levodopa, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, L-tryptophan, kynurenic acid, serotonin, melatonin, choline, acetylcholine, histamine, phenylethylamine, as well as excitatory (L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid) and inhibitory (γ-aminobutyric acid and L-glycine) neurotransmitters. These analytes were measured by ultra-high performance chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using a hydrophilic interaction chromatographic column (ethylene-bridged hybrid amide column). The internal standards of stable isotope labeling were used to improve the reliability of the results. Our method provided high linearity for all neurotransmitters (for all coefficients measured > 0.99), with inter- and intra-day accuracy from -14.82% to 17.49% and precision was between 0.89% and 17.70%. The method was subsequently verified in an animal study, where the intervention of five different Uncarias, the traditional Chinese medicine with hypotensive effects, was applied to the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). SHRs showed dysregulated plasma kynurenic acid, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine levels, and these neuroactive analytes were significantly restored by Uncaria treatment compared with the model group (SHR group). Compared with captopril, included as a positive control for its hypotensive effect, Uncaria had more effects on perturbing the levels of plasma neurotransmitters, which might indicate Uncaria's potential in treating symptoms related to the nervous system. These results suggested that the changes in the neurotransmitters and their metabolites in plasma may be related to the pathogenesis of hypertension. It also provided valuable information about the action mechanisms of Uncaria on its hypotensive effects.
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Du HX, Zhu JQ, Chen J, Zhou HF, Yang JH, Wan HT. Revealing the therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms of emodin-treated coronavirus disease 2019 via a systematic study of network pharmacology. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14571-14589. [PMID: 34088885 PMCID: PMC8221358 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Emodin has shown pharmacological effects in the treatment of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, which leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, we speculated that emodin may possess anti-COVID-19 activity. In this study, using bioinformatics databases, we screened and harvested the candidate genes or targets of emodin and COVID-19 prior to the determination of pharmacological targets and molecular mechanisms of emodin against COVID-19. We discovered core targets for the treatment of COVID-19, including mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), tumor protein (TP53), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), caspase-3 (CASP3), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), interleukin 1B (IL1B), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), B-cell lymphoma-2-like protein 1 (BCL2L1), interleukin-8 (CXCL8), myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL1), and colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2). The GO analysis of emodin against COVID-19 mainly included cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, response to lipopolysaccharide, response to molecule of bacterial origin, developmental process involved in reproduction, and reproductive structure development. The KEGG results exhibited that the molecular pathways mainly included IL-17 signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, TNF signaling pathway, pertussis, proteoglycans in cancer, pathways in cancer, MAPK signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, etc. Also, molecular docking results revealed the docking capability between emodin and COVID-19 and the potential pharmacological activity of emodin against COVID-19. Taken together, these findings uncovered the targets and pharmacological mechanisms of emodin for treating COVID-19 and suggested that the vital targets might be used as biomarkers against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xia Du
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hui-Fen Zhou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jie-Hong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hai-Tong Wan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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18
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Sharma R. Network-based approach highlighting interplay among anti-hypertensives: target coding-genes: diseases. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20152. [PMID: 33214616 PMCID: PMC7677320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the relation between the medicines: targets, targets: diseases and diseases: diseases are of fundamental significance as-is for societal benefit. Hypertension is one of the dangerous health conditions prevalent in society, is a risk factor for several other diseases if left untreated and anti-hypertensives (AHs) are the approved drugs to treat it. The goal of the study is to decipher the connection between hypertension with other health conditions, however, is challenging due to the large interactome. To fulfill the aim, the strategy involves prior clustering of the AHs into groups as per our previous method, followed by the analyzing functional association of the target coding-genes (tc-genes) and health conditions for each group. Following our recently published work where the AHs are clustered into six groups such that molecules having similar patterns come together, here, the distribution of molecular functions and the cellular components adopted by the tc-genes of each group are analyzed. The analyses indicate that kidney, heart, brain or lung related ailments are commonly associated with the tc-genes. The association of selective tc-genes to health conditions suggests a preference for certain health conditions despite many possibilities. Analyses of experimentally validated drug–drug combinations indicate the trend in successful AHs combinations. Clinically validated combinations bind different targets. Our study provides a promising methodology in a network-based approach that considers the influence of structural diversity of AHs to the functional perspective of tc-genes concerning the health conditions. The method could be extended to explore disease–disease relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetu Sharma
- Centre for Molecular Modeling, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India.
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Tan X, Pei W, Xie C, Wang Z, Mao T, Zhao X, Kou F, Lu Q, Sun Z, Xue X, Li J. Network Pharmacology Identifies the Mechanisms of Action of Tongxie Anchang Decoction in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea Predominant. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:2723705. [PMID: 33281910 PMCID: PMC7685835 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2723705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to uncover the pharmacological mechanism of Tongxie Anchang Decoction (TXACD), a new and effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, for treating irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea predominant (IBS-D) using network pharmacology. METHODS The active compounds and putative targets of TXACD were retrieved from TCMSP database and published literature; related target genes of IBS-D were retrieved from GeneCards; PPI network of the common target hub gene was constructed by STRING. Furthermore, these hub genes were analyzed using gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. RESULTS A total of 54 active compounds and 639 targets were identified through a database search. The compound-target network was constructed, and the key compounds were screened out according to the degree. By using the PPI and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, the pharmacological mechanism network of TXACD in the treatment of IBS-D was constructed. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the possible mechanisms by which TXACD treatment alleviated IBS-D involvement in the modulation of multiple targets and multiple pathways, including the immune regulation, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. These findings provide novel insights into the regulatory role of TXACD in the prevention and treatment of IBS-D and hold promise for herb-based complementary and alternative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tan
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Wenjing Pei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Chune Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Xingjie Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Fushun Kou
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Qiongqiong Lu
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Zhongmei Sun
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
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Liang JH, Wang C, Huo XK, Tian XG, Zhao WY, Wang X, Sun CP, Ma XC. The genus Uncaria: A review on phytochemical metabolites and biological aspects. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104772. [PMID: 33152463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The genus Uncaira (Rubiaceae) comprises of 34 species, many of which are usually used as traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) to treat hypertension, fever, headache, gastrointestinal illness, and fungal infection. Over the past twenty years, Uncaira species have been paid the considerable attentions in phytochemical and biological aspects, and about 100 new secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, triterpenes, and flavonoids, have been elucidated. This review aims to present a comprehensive and up-to date overview of the biological source, structures and their biosynthetic pathways, as well as the pharmacological of the compounds reported in the genus Uncaria for the past two decades. It would provide an insight into the emerging pharmacological applications of the genus Uncaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Liang
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiang-Ge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen-Yu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Non-Directly Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Active constituents and mechanisms of Respiratory Detox Shot, a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, for COVID-19 control and prevention: Network-molecular docking-LC-MS E analysis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 18:229-241. [PMID: 32307268 PMCID: PMC7195604 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung-toxin Dispelling Formula No. 1, referred to as Respiratory Detox Shot (RDS), was developed based on a classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the theoretical understanding of herbal properties within TCM. Therapeutic benefits of using RDS for both disease control and prevention, in the effort to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have been shown. However, the biochemically active constituents of RDS and their mechanisms of action are still unclear. The goal of the present study is to clarify the material foundation and action mechanism of RDS. METHODS To conduct an analysis of RDS, an integrative analytical platform was constructed, including target prediction, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and cluster analysis; further, the hub genes involved in the disease-related pathways were identified, and the their corresponding compounds were used for in vitro validation of molecular docking predictions. The presence of these validated compounds was also measured in samples of the RDS formula to quantify the abundance of the biochemically active constituents. In our network pharmacological study, a total of 26 bioinformatic programs and databases were used, and six networks, covering the entire Zang-fu viscera, were constructed to comprehensively analyze the intricate connections among the compounds-targets-disease pathways-meridians of RDS. RESULTS For all 1071 known chemical constituents of the nine ingredients in RDS, identified from established TCM databases, 157 passed drug-likeness screening and led to 339 predicted targets in the constituent-target network. Forty-two hub genes with core regulatory effects were extracted from the PPI network, and 134 compounds and 29 crucial disease pathways were implicated in the target-constituent-disease network. Twelve disease pathways attributed to the Lung-Large Intestine meridians, with six and five attributed to the Kidney-Urinary Bladder and Stomach-Spleen meridians, respectively. One-hundred and eighteen candidate constituents showed a high binding affinity with SARS-coronavirus-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), as indicated by molecular docking using computational pattern recognition. The in vitro activity of 22 chemical constituents of RDS was validated using the 3CLpro inhibition assay. Finally, using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in data-independent analysis mode, the presence of seven out of these 22 constituents was confirmed and validated in an aqueous decoction of RDS, using reference standards in both non-targeted and targeted approaches. CONCLUSION RDS acts primarily in the Lung-Large Intestine, Kidney-Urinary Bladder and Stomach-Spleen meridians, with other Zang-fu viscera strategically covered by all nine ingredients. In the context of TCM meridian theory, the multiple components and targets of RDS contribute to RDS's dual effects of health-strengthening and pathogen-eliminating. This results in general therapeutic effects for early COVID-19 control and prevention.
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Li M, Yue GGL, Luo L, Tsui SKW, Fung KP, Ng SSM, Lau CBS. Turmeric Is Therapeutic in Vivo on Patient-Derived Colorectal Cancer Xenografts: Inhibition of Growth, Metastasis, and Tumor Recurrence. Front Oncol 2020; 10:574827. [PMID: 33552955 PMCID: PMC7856407 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.574827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. Clinically, chemotherapeutic agents such as FOLFOX are the mainstay of colorectal cancer treatment. However, the side effects including toxicity of FOLFOX stimulated the enthusiasm for developing adjuvants, which exhibit better safety profile. Turmeric extract (TE), which has been previously shown to suppress the growth of human and murine colon xenografts, was further demonstrated here for its inhibitory effects on colon cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX). PDX models were successfully established from tissues of colon cancer patients and the PDX preserved the heterogeneous architecture through passages. NOD/SCID mice bearing PDX were treated either with TE or FOLFOX and differential responses toward these treatments were observed. The growth of PDX, metastasis and tumor recurrence in PDX-bearing mice were suppressed after TE treatments with 60% anti-tumor response rate and 83.3% anti-metastasis rate. Mechanistic studies showed that TE reduced tumor cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, inhibited metastasis via modulating multiple targets, such as molecules involved in Wnt and Src pathways, EMT and EGFR-related pathways. Nevertheless, FOLFOX treatments inhibited the PDX growth with sharp decreases of mice body weight and only mild anti-metastasis activities were observed. Furthermore, in order to have a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, network pharmacology was utilized to predict potential targets and mechanism. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated for the first time that oral TE treatment was effective to suppress the growth of colon PDX and the recurrence of colon tumors in mice. The findings obtained from this clinically relevant PDX model would certainly provide valuable information for the potential clinical use of TE in colorectal cancer patients. The application of PDX model was well illustrated here as a good platform to verify the efficacy of multi-targeted herbal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | | | - Kwok-Pui Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Siu-Man Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Clara Bik-San Lau,
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Huang S, Mu F, Li F, Wang W, Chen H, Lei L, Ma Y, Ding Y, Wang J. A Network-Based Approach to Explore the Mechanism and Bioactive Compounds of Erzhi Pill against Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:7867245. [PMID: 32724826 PMCID: PMC7382733 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7867245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Erzhi pill (EZP), a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription, exerts a potent hepatoprotective effect against metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanism and bioactive compounds underlying the hepatoprotective effect of EZP have not been fully elucidated. In this study, a systematic analytical platform was built to explore the mechanism and bioactive compounds of EZP against MAFLD. This was carried out through target prediction, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, gene ontology, KEGG pathway enrichment, and molecular docking. According to the topological parameters of the PPI network, compound-target-pathway network, 9 targets, and 11 bioactive compounds were identified as core targets and bioactive compounds for molecular docking. The results showed that EZP exerts anti-MAFLD effects through a multicomponent, multitarget, multipathway manner, and luteolin and linarin may be the bioactive compounds of EZP. This study provides further research insights and helps explore the hepatoprotective mechanism of EZP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lu Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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