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Fedele G, Castiglioni S, Trapani V, Zafferri I, Bartolini M, Casati SM, Ciuffreda P, Wolf FI, Maier JA. Impact of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation on Endothelial Behavior under Magnesium Deficiency. Nutrients 2024; 16:1406. [PMID: 38794644 PMCID: PMC11124182 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a crucial event in the early pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and is linked to magnesium (Mg) deficiency. Indeed, in endothelial cells, low Mg levels promote the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic phenotype. This paper investigates the mechanisms by which Mg deficiency promotes oxidative stress and affects endothelial behavior in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our data show that low Mg levels trigger oxidative stress initially by increasing NAPDH oxidase activity and then by upregulating the pro-oxidant thioredoxin-interacting protein TXNIP. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activates NF-κB, leading to its increased binding to the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) promoter, with the consequent increase in iNOS expression. The increased levels of nitric oxide (NO) generated by upregulated iNOS contribute to disrupting endothelial cell function by inhibiting growth and increasing permeability. In conclusion, we provide evidence that multiple mechanisms contribute to generate a pro-oxidant state under low-Mg conditions, ultimately affecting endothelial physiology. These data add support to the notion that adequate Mg levels play a significant role in preserving cardiovascular health and may suggest new approaches to prevent or manage cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Fedele
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (I.Z.); (M.B.); (S.M.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (I.Z.); (M.B.); (S.M.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Valentina Trapani
- Alleanza Contro il Cancro, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Isabella Zafferri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (I.Z.); (M.B.); (S.M.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Marco Bartolini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (I.Z.); (M.B.); (S.M.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Silvana M. Casati
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (I.Z.); (M.B.); (S.M.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Pierangela Ciuffreda
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (I.Z.); (M.B.); (S.M.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Federica I. Wolf
- Department of Medicine, Saint Camillus International Medical School (UniCamillus), Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jeanette A. Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (G.F.); (S.C.); (I.Z.); (M.B.); (S.M.C.); (P.C.)
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Peña-Jorquera H, Cid-Jofré V, Landaeta-Díaz L, Petermann-Rocha F, Martorell M, Zbinden-Foncea H, Ferrari G, Jorquera-Aguilera C, Cristi-Montero C. Plant-Based Nutrition: Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome-A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3244. [PMID: 37513660 PMCID: PMC10386413 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, chronic non-communicable diseases, and metabolic syndrome are highly interconnected and collectively contribute to global health concerns that reduce life expectancy and quality of life. These conditions arise from multiple risk factors, including inflammation, insulin resistance, impaired blood lipid profile, endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular risk. Adopting a plant-based diet has gained popularity as a viable alternative to promote health and mitigate the incidence of, and risk factors associated with, these three health conditions. Understanding the potential benefits of a plant-based diet for human health is crucial, particularly in the face of the rising prevalence of chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Thus, this review focused on the plausible advantages of consuming a type of food pattern for the prevention and/or treatment of chronic diseases, emphasizing the dietary aspects that contribute to these conditions and the evidence supporting the benefits of a plant-based diet for human health. To facilitate a more in-depth analysis, we present separate evidence for each of these three concepts, acknowledging their intrinsic connection while providing a specific focus on each one. This review underscores the potential of a plant-based diet to target the underlying causes of these chronic diseases and enhance health outcomes for individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Peña-Jorquera
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2530388, Chile
| | - Valeska Cid-Jofré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9160019, Chile
| | - Leslie Landaeta-Díaz
- Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
- Núcleo en Ciencias Ambientales y Alimentarias, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago 8370068, Chile
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7500000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia 7500912, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2530388, Chile
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Liu Y, Chen Z, Liu L, Tang H, Zhu H, Tang S. Role of moesin in the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 on advanced glycation end products-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Cell Signal 2021; 90:110193. [PMID: 34785348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues have been found to exert protective effect on endothelial barrier dysfunction in vascular diseases. Moesin phosphorylation participates in the process of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) induced disruption of endothelial barrier integrity. Whether and how GLP-1 modulating moesin phosphorylation in endothelium under diabetic condition needs further clarification. Consistent with previous studies, our data showed that hyperglycemia and AGEs promoted moesin phosphorylation in ECs in vivo and vitro experiments. With or without AGEs incubation, overexpression of moesin and activated mutant moesin T558D increased ECs permeability, whereas knockdown of moesin decreased ECs permeability. Inhibition of Rho/ROCK, p38/MAPK and PKC β signal pathways also decreased moesin phosphorylation in ECs incubated with AGEs. Importantly, GLP-1 inhibited moesin phosphorylation in AGE-induced ECs in a dose-dependent manner. Intriguingly, the effects of GLP-1 elicited on moesin phosphorylation in ECs under diabetic condition were blunted by inhibition of cAMP/PKA and stimulation of Rho/ROCK, p38 and PKC β signaling pathways. Therefore, this study verified that the stabilizing effect of GLP-1 on the moesin phosphorylation mediated endothelial barrier function is mediated by GLP-1R/cAMP/PKA activation and subsequent down-regulation of Rho/ROCK, p38 and PKC β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haitao Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Songtao Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Cardiovascular Risk in Children: Focus on Pathophysiological Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186612. [PMID: 32927656 PMCID: PMC7555342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death, disability, and health care costs in industrialized countries. In general, cardiovascular diseases occur in adulthood, but cardiovascular damage, including stiffening of the arteries, begins very early. Already in the first decade of life, alterations that will favor the formation of atherosclerotic plaques may be present. Cardiovascular risk factors, associated with genetic predisposition, may trigger a sequence of pathophysiological changes which are associated with the progression of the atherosclerosis process. In this frame, the role of obesity has been increasingly emphasized. Different mechanisms linking obesity to cardiovascular disease have been postulated. Endothelial dysfunction and subclinical inflammation seem to be related to the worsening of cardiovascular risk factors in obese subjects and might have an essential role in the development of insulin resistance and the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Excess weight, and in particular visceral adiposity, are associated with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the adipocytes, increased secretion of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines and increase in serum uric acid levels. The list of obesity-related biomarkers associated with cardiovascular damage is rapidly expanding and their importance has already been described in children as well. Pathophysiological changes involved in determining early cardiovascular damage starting from childhood are discussed in this Special Issue.
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