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Hu W, Wang D, Zhao S, Ji J, Yang J, Wan Y, Yu C. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Ammonium Transporter (AMT) Genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1002. [PMID: 39202361 PMCID: PMC11353525 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ammonium transporters (AMTs) are vital plasma membrane proteins facilitating NH4+ uptake and transport, crucial for plant growth. The identification of favorable AMT genes is the main goal of improving ammonium-tolerant algas. However, there have been no reports on the systematic identification and expression analysis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) AMT genes. This study comprehensively identified eight CrAMT genes, distributed across eight chromosomes, all containing more than 10 transmembrane structures. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all CrAMTs belonged to the AMT1 subfamily. The conserved motifs and domains of CrAMTs were similar to those of the AMT1 members of OsAMTs and AtAMTs. Notably, the gene fragments of CrAMTs are longer and contain more introns compared to those of AtAMTs and OsAMTs. And the promoter regions of CrAMTs are enriched with cis-elements associated with plant hormones and light response. Under NH4+ treatment, CrAMT1;1 and CrAMT1;3 were significantly upregulated, while CrAMT1;2, CrAMT1;4, and CrAMT1;6 saw a notable decrease. CrAMT1;7 and CrAMT1;8 also experienced a decline, albeit less pronounced. Transgenic algas with overexpressed CrAMT1;7 did not show a significant difference in growth compared to CC-125, while transgenic algas with CrAMT1;7 knockdown exhibited growth inhibition. Transgenic algas with overexpressed or knocked-down CrAMT1;8 displayed reduced growth compared to CC-125, which also resulted in the suppression of other CrAMT genes. None of the transgenic algas showed better growth than CC-125 at high ammonium levels. In summary, our study has unveiled the potential role of CrAMT genes in high-ammonium environments and can serve as a foundational research platform for investigating ammonium-tolerant algal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (W.H.); (D.W.); (S.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (W.H.); (D.W.); (S.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (W.H.); (D.W.); (S.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiaqi Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (W.H.); (D.W.); (S.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (W.H.); (D.W.); (S.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yiqin Wan
- Basic Experimental Center of Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chao Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (W.H.); (D.W.); (S.Z.); (J.J.); (J.Y.)
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Li J, Wen T, Zhang R, Hu X, Guo F, Zhao H, Wang P, Wang Y, Ni D, Wang M. Metabolome profiling and transcriptome analysis unveiling the crucial role of magnesium transport system for magnesium homeostasis in tea plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae152. [PMID: 38994447 PMCID: PMC11237192 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is a crucial nutrient for the growth and development of Camellia sinensis and is closely related to the quality of tea. However, the underlying mechanisms responding to low-Mg 2+ stress in tea plants remain largely unknown. In this study, photosynthetic parameters, metabolomics, and transcriptomics were utilized to explore the potential effects of low Mg2+ on the growth and metabolism of C. sinensis. Low-Mg2+ treatment increased the ratio of shoot dry weight to root dry weight but decreased the photosynthesis of C. sinensis. Forty and thirty metabolites were impacted by Mg2+ shortage in C. sinensis shoots and roots, respectively. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed the possible reasons for the decreased contents of chlorophyll and catechins and the increased theanine content in C. sinensis roots. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that the Mg2+ transport system was essential in the regulation of Mg2+ homeostasis in C. sinensis, in which CsMGT5 was identified to be the key regulator according to CsMGT5-overexpressing and complementary assays in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, silencing of CsMGT5 in vivo reduced the content of chlorophyll in C. sinensis shoots. In addition, CsMGT5 might collaborate with ammonium transporters to keep the amino acid content steady, suggesting its potential application for tea quality improvement. All these findings demonstrate the key roles of CsMGTs for Mg2+ homeostasis in C. sinensis, providing a theoretical basis for Mg2+ efficient utilization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ting Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinlong Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fei Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pu Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingle Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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da Silva RC, Oliveira HC, Igamberdiev AU, Stasolla C, Gaspar M. Interplay between nitric oxide and inorganic nitrogen sources in root development and abiotic stress responses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 297:154241. [PMID: 38640547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plants, and the sources from which it is obtained can differently affect their entire development as well as stress responses. Distinct inorganic N sources (nitrate and ammonium) can lead to fluctuations in the nitric oxide (NO) levels and thus interfere with nitric oxide (NO)-mediated responses. These could lead to changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, hormone synthesis and signaling, and post-translational modifications of key proteins. As the consensus suggests that NO is primarily synthesized in the reductive pathways involving nitrate and nitrite reduction, it is expected that plants grown in a nitrate-enriched environment will produce more NO than those exposed to ammonium. Although the interplay between NO and different N sources in plants has been investigated, there are still many unanswered questions that require further elucidation. By building on previous knowledge regarding NO and N nutrition, this review expands the field by examining in more detail how NO responses are influenced by different N sources, focusing mainly on root development and abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Caetano da Silva
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation, Institute of Environmental Research, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Halley Caixeta Oliveira
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Claudio Stasolla
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Marilia Gaspar
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation, Institute of Environmental Research, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil.
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Svietlova N, Zhyr L, Reichelt M, Grabe V, Mithöfer A. Glutamine as sole nitrogen source prevents induction of nitrate transporter gene NRT2.4 and affects amino acid metabolism in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1369543. [PMID: 38633457 PMCID: PMC11022244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1369543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Plants assimilate inorganic nitrogen (N) to glutamine. Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in most plant species, the N-supplying precursor of all N-containing compounds in the cell and the first organic nitrogen molecule formed from inorganic nitrogen taken up by the roots. In addition to its role in plant nutrition, glutamine most likely also has a function as a signaling molecule in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism. We investigated whether glutamine influences the high-affinity transporter system for nitrate uptake. Therefore, we analyzed the expression of the nitrate transporter NRT2.4, which is inducible by N deficiency, in Arabidopsis thaliana grown under different nitrogen starvation scenarios, comparing nitrate or glutamine as the sole nitrogen source. Using the reporter line ProNRT2.4:GFP and two independent knockout lines, nrt2.4-1 and nrt2.4-2, we analyzed gene expression and amino acid profiles. We showed that the regulation of NRT2.4 expression depends on available nitrogen in general, for example on glutamine as a nitrogen source, and not specifically on nitrate. In contrast to high nitrate concentrations, amino acid profiles changed to an accumulation of amino acids containing more than one nitrogen during growth in high glutamine concentrations, indicating a switch to nitrogen storage metabolism. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nrt2.4-2 line shows unexpected effects on NRT2.5 gene expression and the amino acids profile in shoots under high glutamine supply conditions compared to Arabidopsis wild type and nrt2.4-1, suggesting non-NRT2.4-related metabolic consequences in this knockout line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Svietlova
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Liza Zhyr
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Veit Grabe
- Microscopic Imaging Service Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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5
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Zhang Z, Diao R, Sun J, Liu Y, Zhao M, Wang Q, Xu Z, Zhong B. Diversified molecular adaptations of inorganic nitrogen assimilation and signaling machineries in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2108-2123. [PMID: 38155438 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Plants evolved sophisticated machineries to monitor levels of external nitrogen supply, respond to nitrogen demand from different tissues and integrate this information for coordinating its assimilation. Although roles of inorganic nitrogen in orchestrating developments have been studied in model plants and crops, systematic understanding of the origin and evolution of its assimilation and signaling machineries remains largely unknown. We expanded taxon samplings of algae and early-diverging land plants, covering all main lineages of Archaeplastida, and reconstructed the evolutionary history of core components involved in inorganic nitrogen assimilation and signaling. Most components associated with inorganic nitrogen assimilation were derived from the ancestral Archaeplastida. Improvements of assimilation machineries by gene duplications and horizontal gene transfers were evident during plant terrestrialization. Clusterization of genes encoding nitrate assimilation proteins might be an adaptive strategy for algae to cope with changeable nitrate availability in different habitats. Green plants evolved complex nitrate signaling machinery that was stepwise improved by domains shuffling and regulation co-option. Our study highlights innovations in inorganic nitrogen assimilation and signaling machineries, ranging from molecular modifications of proteins to genomic rearrangements, which shaped developmental and metabolic adaptations of plants to changeable nutrient availability in environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Runjie Diao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingyan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yannan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengru Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiuping Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zilong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bojian Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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6
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Williamson G, Harris T, Bizior A, Hoskisson PA, Pritchard L, Javelle A. Biological ammonium transporters: evolution and diversification. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38265636 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Although ammonium is the preferred nitrogen source for microbes and plants, in animal cells it is a toxic product of nitrogen metabolism that needs to be excreted. Thus, ammonium movement across biological membranes, whether for uptake or excretion, is a fundamental and ubiquitous biological process catalysed by the superfamily of the Amt/Mep/Rh transporters. A remarkable feature of the Amt/Mep/Rh family is that they are ubiquitous and, despite sharing low amino acid sequence identity, are highly structurally conserved. Despite sharing a common structure, these proteins have become involved in a diverse range of physiological process spanning all domains of life, with reports describing their involvement in diverse biological processes being published regularly. In this context, we exhaustively present their range of biological roles across the domains of life and after explore current hypotheses concerning their evolution to help to understand how and why the conserved structure fulfils diverse physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Williamson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas Harris
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Adriana Bizior
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Alan Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Leighton Pritchard
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Arnaud Javelle
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Jensen AB, Eller F, Sorrell BK. Comparative flooding tolerance of Typha latifolia and Phalaris arundinacea in wetland restoration: Insights from photosynthetic CO 2 response curves, photobiology and biomass allocation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23657. [PMID: 38187246 PMCID: PMC10767378 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tall helophytes such as Typha latifolia and Phalaris arundinacea often rapidly colonise after rewetting of former agricultural soil and are therefore often the first plants to contribute to the soil carbon pool. In this study we carried out a mesocosm experiment where these two species grew at three different water levels relative to the soil surface (-15 cm, 0 cm, +15 cm). After eight weeks' growth, measurements of photosynthetic CO2-response curves, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence of photosystem II were carried out to detect flooding stress. After 10 weeks' growth, the plants were harvested and biomass production, biomass allocation and specific leaf area were determined. T. latifolia had a higher and more stable photosynthetic performance across all water level treatments, which resulted in an overall higher aboveground and belowground production than P. arundinacea. In contrast, Vcmax and Jmax decreased by 41 % and 42 %, respectively from drained to flooded conditions with signs of flooding stress as impairment of the photosynthetic apparatus. Moreover, increasing water level resulted in maintenance of aboveground organs for P. arundinacea but a decrease in allocation to belowground organs. P. arundinacea did not invest in a higher specific leaf area to counter the decreased photosynthesis under flooding. From -15 cm to 0 cm water levels, P. arundinacea showed a 68 % reduction in belowground biomass, which has negative implication for carbon retention immediately after rewetting. In contrast, recolonization of T. latifolia is likely to be a suitable contributor to the soil carbon pool due to its stable physiology and high above- and belowground biomass production at all water depths, and also likely under natural water level fluctuations. We showed that even though both species are generally considered wetland plants, they are likely to support considerably different photosynthetic carbon assimilation and soil carbon sequestration rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asger Buur Jensen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Franziska Eller
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Brian K. Sorrell
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Li H, Zhu X, Wang J, Wei Y, Nai F, Yu H, Wang X. Unraveling differential characteristics and mechanisms of nitrogen uptake in wheat cultivars with varied nitrogen use efficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108278. [PMID: 38147707 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen uptake is crucial to wheat nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The study's findings indicate that both high- and low-NUE cultivars exhibited highest nitrogen uptake efficiency (NupE) under 0.2 mM nitrogen. Under 2 mM nitrogen, their NupEs decrease significantly, while uptakes to NO3- were notably higher than that of NH4+. Strikingly, high-NUE cultivars exhibited a significantly higher NH4+ uptake rate than low NUE cultivars, resulting in a marked improvement in their ability to take up nitrogen. The NUEs of the cultivars with 5 mM nitrogen were almost half that of 2 mM nitrogen. NO3- uptake primarily occurred in the mature zone of roots, while NH4+ uptake took place in the root tip meristem and elongation zones. Notably, the NH4+ uptake in root tip meristematic zone of high-NUE cultivar was significantly higher than that of low NUE cultivar. Furthermore, the NO3- uptake of high-NUE cultivar in the root mature zone was significantly higher than that of low-NUE cultivar under 2 mM nitrogen. These findings were consistent with the significantly higher expression levels of TaAMT in root tip and of TaNRT in root mature area of high-NUE cultivar compared to low-NUE cultivar, respectively, enabling efficient absorption of NO3- and NH4+ and transport of NO3- to shoot. The high-NUE cultivars showed elevated expression of amino acid transporters further promoting nitrogen uptake, and conversion of nitrogen into ureides and amino acids further facilitated inorganic nitrogen uptake by roots. The differential findings offer valuable insights into novel variety breeding of high NUE in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Research and Experiment Station of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Farmland of the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yihao Wei
- Research and Experiment Station of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Farmland of the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Furong Nai
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Haidong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; Research and Experiment Station of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Farmland of the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science in China, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Research and Experiment Station of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Farmland of the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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Meng YY, Wang N, Zhang HY, Xu R, Si CC. Genome-Wide Analysis of Sweet Potato Ammonium Transporter (AMT): Influence on Nitrogen Utilization, Storage Root Development and Yield. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17424. [PMID: 38139253 PMCID: PMC10744204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium, as a major inorganic source of nitrogen (N) for sweet potato N utilization and growth, is specifically transported by ammonium transporters (AMTs). However, the activities of AMT family members in sweet potatoes have not been analyzed. In the present study, the sweet potato cultivar 'Pushu 32', which is planted in a large area in China, was used in field experiments at the Agricultural Base of Hainan University (20°06' N, 110°33' E) in 2021, and Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University (18°30' N, 109°60' E) in 2022. Four N levels were tested: 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1. The results are as follows. Twelve IbAMT genes were identified in the sweet potato genome, which were classified into three distinct subgroups based on phylogeny; the same subgroup genes had similar properties and structures. IbAMT1.3 and IbAMT1.5 were mostly expressed in the storage roots under N deficiency. Compared with the NN and HN groups, IbAMT1.3 and IbAMT1.5 expressions, N content in storage roots, N uptake efficiency at the canopy closure, N fertilization contribution rates, number of storage roots per plant, storage root weight, and yield were all increased in the MN group. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the expressions of IbAMT1.3 and IbAMT1.5 with N content in the storage roots of sweet potato. In a word, IbAMT1.3 and IbAMT1.5 may regulate N utilization, affect the development of the storage root. and determine the yield of sweet potato. The results provide valuable insights into the AMT gene family's role in the use of N and effects on storage root development and yield in sweet potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yi Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (R.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crop in Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Danzhou 571700, China;
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crop in Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Danzhou 571700, China;
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Region of Agriculture Ministry, Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan 250100, China;
| | - Ran Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (R.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crop in Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Danzhou 571700, China;
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Si
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.-Y.M.); (R.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crop in Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Danzhou 571700, China;
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
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Cao H, Liu Q, Liu X, Ma Z, Zhang J, Li X, Shen L, Yuan J, Zhang Q. Phosphatidic acid regulates ammonium uptake by interacting with AMMONIUM TRANSPORTER 1;1 in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1954-1969. [PMID: 37471275 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) is a key inorganic nitrogen source in cellular amino acid biosynthesis. The coupling of transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of AMMONIUM TRANSPORTER (AMT) ensures that NH4+ acquisition by plant roots is properly balanced, which allows for rapid adaptation to a variety of nitrogen conditions. Here, we report that phospholipase D (PLD)-derived phosphatidic acid (PA) interacts with AMT1;1 to mediate NH4+ uptake in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We examined pldα1 pldδ-knockout mutants and found that a reduced PA level increased seedling growth under nitrogen deficiency and inhibited root growth upon NH4+ stress, which was consistent with the enhanced accumulation of cellular NH4+. PA directly bound to AMT1;1 and inhibited its transport activity. Mutation of AMT1;1 R487 to Gly (R487G) resulted in abolition of PA suppression and, subsequently, enhancement of ammonium transport activity in vitro and in vivo. Observations of AMT1;1-GFP showed suppressed endocytosis under PLD deficiency or by mutation of the PA-binding site in AMT1;1. Endocytosis was rescued by PA in the pldα1 pldδ mutant but not in the mutant AMT1;1R487G-GFP line. Together, these findings demonstrated PA-based shutoff control of plant NH4+ transport and point to a broader paradigm of lipid-transporter function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaokun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jixiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuebing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Like Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingya Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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11
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Zayed O, Hewedy OA, Abdelmoteleb A, Ali M, Youssef MS, Roumia AF, Seymour D, Yuan ZC. Nitrogen Journey in Plants: From Uptake to Metabolism, Stress Response, and Microbe Interaction. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1443. [PMID: 37892125 PMCID: PMC10605003 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants uptake and assimilate nitrogen from the soil in the form of nitrate, ammonium ions, and available amino acids from organic sources. Plant nitrate and ammonium transporters are responsible for nitrate and ammonium translocation from the soil into the roots. The unique structure of these transporters determines the specificity of each transporter, and structural analyses reveal the mechanisms by which these transporters function. Following absorption, the nitrogen metabolism pathway incorporates the nitrogen into organic compounds via glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase that convert ammonium ions into glutamine and glutamate. Different isoforms of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase exist, enabling plants to fine-tune nitrogen metabolism based on environmental cues. Under stressful conditions, nitric oxide has been found to enhance plant survival under drought stress. Furthermore, the interaction between salinity stress and nitrogen availability in plants has been studied, with nitric oxide identified as a potential mediator of responses to salt stress. Conversely, excessive use of nitrate fertilizers can lead to health and environmental issues. Therefore, alternative strategies, such as establishing nitrogen fixation in plants through diazotrophic microbiota, have been explored to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers. Ultimately, genomics can identify new genes related to nitrogen fixation, which could be harnessed to improve plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Zayed
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 9250, USA;
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Omar A. Hewedy
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ali Abdelmoteleb
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed Ali
- Maryout Research Station, Genetic Resources Department, Desert Research Center, 1 Mathaf El-Matarya St., El-Matareya, Cairo 11753, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed S. Youssef
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ahmed F. Roumia
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt;
| | - Danelle Seymour
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 9250, USA;
| | - Ze-Chun Yuan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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12
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Bizior A, Williamson G, Harris T, Hoskisson PA, Javelle A. Prokaryotic ammonium transporters: what has three decades of research revealed? MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169:001360. [PMID: 37450375 PMCID: PMC10433425 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The exchange of ammonium across cellular membranes is a fundamental process in all domains of life. In plants, bacteria and fungi, ammonium represents a vital source of nitrogen, which is scavenged from the external environment. In contrast, in animal cells ammonium is a cytotoxic metabolic waste product and must be excreted to prevent cell death. Transport of ammonium is facilitated by the ubiquitous Amt/Mep/Rh transporter superfamily. In addition to their function as transporters, Amt/Mep/Rh proteins play roles in a diverse array of biological processes and human physiopathology. Despite this clear physiological importance and medical relevance, the molecular mechanism of Amt/Mep/Rh proteins has remained elusive. Crystal structures of bacterial Amt/Rh proteins suggest electroneutral transport, whilst functional evidence supports an electrogenic mechanism. Here, focusing on bacterial members of the family, we summarize the structure of Amt/Rh proteins and what three decades of research tells us concerning the general mechanisms of ammonium translocation, in particular the possibility that the transport mechanism might differ in various members of the Amt/Mep/Rh superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Bizior
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Gordon Williamson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Thomas Harris
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Paul A. Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Arnaud Javelle
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
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13
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Khan MN, Siddiqui MH, Mukherjee S, AlSolami MA, Alhussaen KM, AlZuaibr FM, Siddiqui ZH, Al-Amri AA, Alsubaie QD. Melatonin involves hydrogen sulfide in the regulation of H +-ATPase activity, nitrogen metabolism, and ascorbate-glutathione system under chromium toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121173. [PMID: 36740162 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soils with chromium (Cr) jeopardized agriculture production globally. The current study was planned with the aim to better comprehend how melatonin (Mel) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) regulate antioxidant defense system, potassium (K) homeostasis, and nitrogen (N) metabolism in tomato seedlings under Cr toxicity. The data reveal that application of 30 μM Mel to the seedlings treated with 25 μM Cr has a positive effect on H2S metabolism that resulted in a considerable increase in H2S. Exogenous Mel improved phytochelatins content and H+-ATPase activity with an associated increase in K content as well. Use of tetraethylammonium chloride (K+-channel blocker) and sodium orthovanadate (H+-ATPase inhibitor) showed that Mel maintained K homeostasis through regulating H+-ATPase activity under Cr toxicity. Supplementation of the stressed seedlings with Mel substantially scavenged excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) that maintained ROS homeostasis. Reduced electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation were additional signs of Mel's ROS scavenging effects. In addition, Mel also maintained normal functioning of nitrogen (N) metabolism and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) system. Improved level of N fulfilled its requirement for various enzymes that have induced resilience during Cr stress. Additionally, the AsA-GSH cycle's proper operation maintained redox equilibrium, which is necessary for the biological system to function normally. Conversely, 1 mM hypotaurine (H2S scavenger) abolished the Mel-effect and again Cr-induced impairment on the above-mentioned parameters was observed even in presence of Mel. Therefore, based on the observed findings, we concluded that Mel needs endogenous H2S to alleviate Cr-induced impairments in tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nasir Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, Jangipur, India
| | - Mazen A AlSolami
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf M Alhussaen
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M AlZuaibr
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid H Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al-Amri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasi D Alsubaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
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14
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Ingargiola C, Jéhanno I, Forzani C, Marmagne A, Broutin J, Clément G, Leprince AS, Meyer C. The Arabidopsis Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase regulates ammonium assimilation and glutamine metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023:kiad216. [PMID: 37042394 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is a well conserved kinase that controls cell metabolism and growth in response to nutrients and environmental factors. Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for plants, and TOR functions as a crucial N and amino acid sensor in animals and yeast. However, knowledge on the connections between TOR and the overall N metabolism and assimilation in plants is still limited. In this study, we investigated the regulation of TOR in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by the N source as well as the impact of TOR deficiency on N metabolism. Inhibition of TOR globally decreased ammonium uptake while triggering a massive accumulation of amino acids, such as Gln, but also of polyamines. Consistently, TOR complex mutants were hypersensitive to Gln. We also showed that the glutamine synthetase inhibitor glufosinate abolishes Gln accumulation resulting from TOR inhibition and improves the growth of TOR complex mutants. These results suggest that a high level of Gln contributes to the reduction in plant growth resulting from TOR inhibition. Glutamine synthetase activity was reduced by TOR inhibition while the enzyme amount increased. In conclusion, our findings show that the TOR pathway is intimately connected to N metabolism and that a decrease in TOR activity results in glutamine synthetase-dependent Gln and amino acid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ingargiola
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Isabelle Jéhanno
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Céline Forzani
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Anne Marmagne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Justine Broutin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Leprince
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
- Faculté des Sciences et d'Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, UFR 927, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Christian Meyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
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15
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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Ammonium Transporter (AMT) Genes in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030658. [PMID: 36980930 PMCID: PMC10048622 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium transporters (AMTs) are plasma membrane proteins mediating ammonium uptake and transport. As such, AMTs play vital roles in ammonium acquisition and mobilization, plant growth and development, and stress and pathogen defense responses. Identification of favorable AMT genotypes is a prime target for crop improvement. However, to date, systematic identification and expression analysis of AMT gene family members has not yet been reported for rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). In this study, 20 AMT genes were identified in a comprehensive search of the B. napus genome, 14 members of AMT1 and 6 members of AMT2. Tissue expression analyses revealed that the 14 AMT genes were primarily expressed in vegetative organs, suggesting that different BnaAMT genes might function in specific tissues at the different development stages. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR analysis found that several BnaAMTs strongly respond to the exogenous N conditions, implying the functional roles of AMT genes in ammonium absorption in rapeseed. Moreover, the rapeseed AMT genes were found to be differentially regulated by N, P, and K deficiency, indicating that crosstalk might exist in response to different stresses. Additionally, the subcellular localization of several BnaAMT proteins was confirmed in Arabidopsis protoplasts, and their functions were studied in detail by heterologous expression in yeast. In summary, our studies revealed the potential roles of BnaAMT genes in N acquisition or transportation and abiotic stress response and could provide valuable resources for revealing the functionality of AMTs in rapeseed.
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16
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Choi SJ, Lee Z, Jeong E, Kim S, Seo JS, Um T, Shim JS. Signaling pathways underlying nitrogen transport and metabolism in plants. BMB Rep 2023; 56:56-64. [PMID: 36658636 PMCID: PMC9978367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth and crop production. However, N in soil is usually insufficient for plant growth. Thus, chemical N fertilizer has been extensively used to increase crop production. Due to negative effects of N rich fertilizer on the environment, improving N usage has been a major issue in the field of plant science to achieve sustainable production of crops. For that reason, many efforts have been made to elucidate how plants regulate N uptake and utilization according to their surrounding habitat over the last 30 years. Here, we provide recent advances focusing on regulation of N uptake, allocation of N by N transporting system, and signaling pathway controlling N responses in plants. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 56-64].
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jeong Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Zion Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Eui Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Sohyun Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Seo
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Taeyoung Um
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-62-530-0507; Fax: +82-62-530-2199; E-mail:
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17
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Densi A, Iyer RS, Bhat PJ. Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Substitutions in Dictyostelium discoideum Ammonium Transporter amtA Are Necessary for Functional Complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0384722. [PMID: 36840598 PMCID: PMC10100761 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03847-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium transporters are present in all three domains of life. They have undergone extensive horizontal gene transfer (HGT), gene duplication, and functional diversification and therefore offer an excellent paradigm to study protein evolution. We attempted to complement a mep1Δmep2Δmep3Δ strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (triple-deletion strain), which otherwise cannot grow on ammonium as a sole nitrogen source at concentrations of <3 mM, with amtA of Dictyostelium discoideum, an orthologue of S. cerevisiae MEP2. We observed that amtA did not complement the triple-deletion strain of S. cerevisiae for growth on low-ammonium medium. We isolated two mutant derivatives of amtA (amtA M1 and amtA M2) from a PCR-generated mutant plasmid library that complemented the triple-deletion strain of S. cerevisiae. amtA M1 bears three nonsynonymous and two synonymous substitutions, which are necessary for its functionality. amtA M2 bears two nonsynonymous substitutions and one synonymous substitution, all of which are necessary for functionality. Interestingly, AmtA M1 transports ammonium but does not confer methylamine toxicity, while AmtA M2 transports ammonium and confers methylamine toxicity, demonstrating functional diversification. Preliminary biochemical analyses indicated that the mutants differ in their conformations as well as their mechanisms of ammonium transport. These intriguing results clearly point out that protein evolution cannot be fathomed by studying nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions in isolation. The above-described observations have significant implications for various facets of biological processes and are discussed in detail. IMPORTANCE Functional diversification following gene duplication is one of the major driving forces of protein evolution. While the role of nonsynonymous substitutions in the functional diversification of proteins is well recognized, knowledge of the role of synonymous substitutions in protein evolution is in its infancy. Using functional complementation, we isolated two functional alleles of the D. discoideum ammonium transporter gene (amtA), which otherwise does not function in S. cerevisiae as an ammonium transporters. One of them is an ammonium transporter, while the other is an ammonium transporter that also confers methylammonium (ammonium analogue) toxicity, suggesting functional diversification. Surprisingly, both alleles require a combination of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions for their functionality. These results bring out a hitherto-unknown pathway of protein evolution and pave the way for not only understanding protein evolution but also interpreting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Densi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Revathi S. Iyer
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Paike Jayadeva Bhat
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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18
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Yang W, Dong X, Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Li X, Wang Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Ammonium Transporter Family Genes in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3991. [PMID: 36835403 PMCID: PMC9960152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium transporters (AMTs) are responsible for ammonium absorption and utilization in plants. As a high-nitrogen-demand crop and a legume, soybean can also obtain ammonium from symbiotic root nodules in which nitrogen-fixing rhizobia convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium. Although increasing evidence implicates vital roles of ammonium transport in soybean, no systematic analyses of AMTs in soybean (named GmAMTs) or functional analyses of GmAMTs are available. In this study, we aimed to identify all GmAMT family genes and gain a better understanding of the characteristics of GmAMT genes in soybean. Here, due to the improved genome assembly and annotation of soybean, we tried to generate a phylogenetic tree of 16 GmAMTs based on new information. Consistent with reported data, GmAMT family members can be divided into two subfamilies of GmAMT1 (6 genes) and GmAMT2 (10 genes). Interestingly, unlike Arabidopsis, which has only one AMT2, soybean has substantially increased the number of GmAMT2s, suggesting enhanced demand for ammonium transport. These genes were distributed on nine chromosomes, of which GmAMT1.3, GmAMT1.4, and GmAMT1.5 were three tandem repeat genes. The gene structures and conserved protein motifs of the GmAMT1 and GmAMT2 subfamilies were different. All the GmAMTs were membrane proteins with varying numbers of transmembrane domains ranging from 4 to 11. Promoter analysis found that these GmAMT genes have phytohormone-, circadian control-, and organ expression-related cis-elements in their promoters, and notably, there were nodulation-specific and nitrogen-responsive elements in the promoters of the GmAMT1 and GmAMT2 genes. Further expression data showed that these GmAMT family genes exhibited different spatiotemporal expression patterns across tissues and organs. In addition, GmAMT1.1, GmAMT1.2, GmAMT2.2, and GmAMT2.3 were responsive to nitrogen treatment, while GmAMT1.2, GmAMT1.3, GmAMT1.4, GmAMT1.5, GmAMT1.6, GmAMT2.1, GmAMT2.2, GmAMT2.3, GmAMT3.1, and GmAMT4.6 showed circadian rhythms in transcription. RT-qPCR validated the expression patterns of GmAMTs in response to different forms of nitrogen and exogenous ABA treatments. Gene expression analysis also confirmed that GmAMTs are regulated by key nodulation gene GmNINa, indicating a role of GmAMTs in symbiosis. Together, these data indicate that GmAMTs may differentially and/or redundantly regulate ammonium transport during plant development and in response to environmental factors. These findings provide a basis for future research on the functions of GmAMTs and the mechanisms through which GmAMTs regulate ammonium metabolism and nodulation in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoxu Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhanxin Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youning Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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19
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Xiao C, Fang Y, Wang S, He K. The alleviation of ammonium toxicity in plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36790049 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plants and profoundly affects crop yields and qualities. Ammonium (NH4 + ) and nitrate (NO3 - ) are major inorganic N forms absorbed by plants from the surrounding environments. Intriguingly, NH4 + is usually toxic to plants when it serves as the sole or dominant N source. It is thus important for plants to coordinate the utilization of NH4 + and the alleviation of NH4 + toxicity. To fully decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying how plants minimize NH4 + toxicity may broadly benefit agricultural practice. In the current minireview, we attempt to discuss recent discoveries in the strategies for mitigating NH4 + toxicity in plants, which may provide potential solutions for improving the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and stress adaptions in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Suomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kai He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Gao S, Yang Y, Guo J, Zhang X, Feng M, Su Y, Que Y, Xu L. Ectopic Expression of Sugarcane ScAMT1.1 Has the Potential to Improve Ammonium Assimilation and Grain Yield in Transgenic Rice under Low Nitrogen Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021595. [PMID: 36675108 PMCID: PMC9863325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, nitrogen (N) fertilizer is excessively used in sugarcane planting areas, while the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of sugarcane is relatively low. Mining and identifying the key genes in response to low N stress in sugarcane can provide useful gene elements and a theoretical basis for developing sugarcane varieties with high NUE. In our study, RNA-Seq combined with qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the ScAMT1.1 gene responded positively to low N stress, resulting in the stronger low N tolerance and high NUE ability of sugarcane cultivar ROC22. Then, ScAMT1.1 was cloned from sugarcane. The full-length cDNA of the ScAMT1.1 gene is 1868 bp, containing a 1491 bp open reading frame (ORF), and encoding 496 amino acids. ScAMT1.1 belongs to the AMT superfamily and shares 91.57% homologies with AMT1.1 from Oryza sativa. Furthermore, it was stably overexpressed in rice (O. sativa). Under low N treatment, the plant height and the fresh weight of the ScAMT1.1-overexpressed transgenic rice were 36.48% and 51.55% higher than that of the wild-type, respectively. Both the activity of ammonium assimilation key enzymes GS and GDH, and the expression level of ammonium assimilation key genes, including GS1.1, GS1.2, GDH, Fd-GOGAT, and NADH-GOGAT2 in the transgenic plants, were significantly higher than that of the wild-type. The grain number and grain yield per plant in the transgenic rice were 6.44% and 9.52% higher than that of the wild-type in the pot experiments, respectively. Taken together, the sugarcane ScAMT1.1 gene has the potential to improve ammonium assimilation ability and the yield of transgenic rice under low N fertilizer conditions. This study provided an important functional gene for improving sugarcane varieties with high NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingying Yang
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-591-8385-1742 (Y.Y. & L.X.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Liping Xu
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-591-8385-1742 (Y.Y. & L.X.)
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Kishchenko O, Stepanenko A, Straub T, Zhou Y, Neuhäuser B, Borisjuk N. Ammonium Uptake, Mediated by Ammonium Transporters, Mitigates Manganese Toxicity in Duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:208. [PMID: 36616338 PMCID: PMC9824425 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient that affects all aspects of the growth, development and metabolic responses of plants. Here we investigated the influence of the two major sources of inorganic nitrogen, nitrate and ammonium, on the toxicity caused by excess of Mn in great duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza. The revealed alleviating effect of ammonium on Mn-mediated toxicity, was complemented by detailed molecular, biochemical and evolutionary characterization of the species ammonium transporters (AMTs). Four genes encoding AMTs in S. polyrhiza, were classified as SpAMT1;1, SpAMT1;2, SpAMT1;3 and SpAMT2. Functional testing of the expressed proteins in yeast and Xenopus oocytes clearly demonstrated activity of SpAMT1;1 and SpAMT1;3 in transporting ammonium. Transcripts of all SpAMT genes were detected in duckweed fronds grown in cultivation medium, containing a physiological or 50-fold elevated concentration of Mn at the background of nitrogen or a mixture of nitrate and ammonium. Each gene demonstrated an individual expression pattern, revealed by RT-qPCR. Revealing the mitigating effect of ammonium uptake on manganese toxicity in aquatic duckweed S. polyrhiza, the study presents a comprehensive analysis of the transporters involved in the uptake of ammonium, shedding a new light on the interactions between the mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and the regulation of the plant nitrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Kishchenko
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, West Changjiang Road 111, Huai’an 223000, China
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Acad. Zabolotnogo Str. 148, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Stepanenko
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, West Changjiang Road 111, Huai’an 223000, China
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Acad. Zabolotnogo Str. 148, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tatsiana Straub
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, West Changjiang Road 111, Huai’an 223000, China
| | - Benjamin Neuhäuser
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, West Changjiang Road 111, Huai’an 223000, China
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Xia J, Wang Y, Zhang T, Pan C, Ji Y, Zhou Y, Jiang X. Genome-wide identification, expression profiling, and functional analysis of ammonium transporter 2 (AMT2) gene family in cassava ( Manihot esculenta crantz). Front Genet 2023; 14:1145735. [PMID: 36911399 PMCID: PMC9992417 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1145735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nitrogen (N), absorbed primarily as ammonium (NH4 +) from soil by plant, is a necessary macronutrient in plant growth and development. Ammonium transporter (AMT) plays a vital role in the absorption and transport of ammonium (NH4 +). Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has a strong adaptability to nitrogen deprivation. However, little is known about the functions of ammonium transporter AMT2 in cassava. Methods: The cassava AMT2-type genes were identified and their characteristics were analyzed using bioinformatic techniques. The spatial expression patterns were analyzed based on the public RNA-seq data and their expression profiles under low ammonium treatment were studied using Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method. The cassava AMT2 genes were transformed into yeast mutant strain TM31019b by PEG/LiAc method to investigate their functions. Results: Seven AMT2-type genes (MeAMT2.1-2.7) were identified in cassava and they were distributed on 6 chromosomes and included two segmental duplication events (MeAMT2.2/MeAMT2.4 and MeAMT2.3/MeAMT2.5). Based on their amino acid sequences, seven MeAMT2 were further divided into four subgroups, and each subgroup contained similar motif constitution and protein structure. Synteny analysis showed that two and four MeAMT2 genes in cassava were collinear with those in the Arabidopsis and soybean genomes, respectively. Sixteen types of cis-elements were identified in the MeAMT2 promoters, and they were related to light-, hormone-, stress-, and plant growth and development-responsive elements, respectively. Most of the MeAMT2 genes displayed tissue-specific expression patterns according to the RNA-seq data, of them, three MeAMT2 (MeAMT2.3, MeAMT2.5, and MeATM2.6) expressions were up-regulated under ammonium deficiency. Complementation experiments showed that yeast mutant strain TM31019b transformed with MeAMT2.3, MeAMT2.5, or MeATM2.6 grew better than untransgenic yeast cells under ammonium deficiency, suggesting that MeAMT2.3, MeAMT2.5, and MeATM2.6 might be the main contributors in response to ammonium deficiency in cassava. Conclusion: This study provides a basis for further study of nitrogen efficient utilization in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Xia
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang, China
| | - Chengcai Pan
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yiyin Ji
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Hao DL, Zhou JY, Huang YN, Wang HR, Li XH, Guo HL, Liu JX. Roles of plastid-located phosphate transporters in carotenoid accumulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1059536. [PMID: 36589064 PMCID: PMC9798012 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1059536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced carotenoid accumulation in plants is crucial for the nutritional and health demands of the human body since these beneficial substances are acquired through dietary intake. Plastids are the major organelles to accumulate carotenoids in plants and it is reported that manipulation of a single plastid phosphate transporter gene enhances carotenoid accumulation. Amongst all phosphate transport proteins including phosphate transporters (PHTs), plastidial phosphate translocators (pPTs), PHOSPHATE1 (PHO1), vacuolar phosphate efflux transporter (VPE), and Sulfate transporter [SULTR]-like phosphorus distribution transporter (SPDT) in plants, plastidic PHTs (PHT2 & PHT4) are found as the only clade that is plastid located, and manipulation of which affects carotenoid accumulation. Manipulation of a single chromoplast PHT (PHT4;2) enhances carotenoid accumulation, whereas manipulation of a single chloroplast PHT has no impact on carotenoid accumulation. The underlying mechanism is mainly attributed to their different effects on plastid orthophosphate (Pi) concentration. PHT4;2 is the only chromoplast Pi efflux transporter, and manipulating this single chromoplast PHT significantly regulates chromoplast Pi concentration. This variation subsequently modulates the carotenoid accumulation by affecting the supply of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, a substrate for carotenoid biosynthesis, by modulating the transcript abundances of carotenoid biosynthesis limited enzyme genes, and by regulating chromoplast biogenesis (facilitating carotenoid storage). However, at least five orthophosphate influx PHTs are identified in the chloroplast, and manipulating one of the five does not substantially modulate the chloroplast Pi concentration in a long term due to their functional redundancy. This stable chloroplast Pi concentration upon one chloroplast PHT absence, therefore, is unable to modulate Pi-involved carotenoid accumulation processes and finally does affect carotenoid accumulation in photosynthetic tissues. Despite these advances, several cases including the precise location of plastid PHTs, the phosphate transport direction mediated by these plastid PHTs, the plastid PHTs participating in carotenoid accumulation signal pathway, the potential roles of these plastid PHTs in leaf carotenoid accumulation, and the roles of these plastid PHTs in other secondary metabolites are waiting for further research. The clarification of the above-mentioned cases is beneficial for breeding high-carotenoid accumulation plants (either in photosynthetic or non-photosynthetic edible parts of plants) through the gene engineering of these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Li Hao
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhou
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Jurong, China
| | - Ya-Nan Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Ran Wang
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Lin Guo
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Xiu Liu
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
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Zhang Y, Li B, Luo P, Xian Y, Xiao R, Wu J. Glutamine synthetase plays an important role in ammonium tolerance of Myriophyllum aquaticum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157596. [PMID: 35905951 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-strength ammonium (NH4+), the main characteristic of swine wastewater, poses a significant threat to the rural ecological environment. As a novel phytoremediation technology, Myriophyllum aquaticum wetlands have high tolerance and removal rate of NH4+. Glutamine synthetase (GS), a pivotal enzyme in nitrogen (N) metabolism, is hypothesized to play an important role in the tolerance of M. aquaticum to high NH4+. Herein, the responses of M. aquaticum to GS inhibition by 0.1 mM methionine sulfoximine (MSX) under 15 mM NH4+ were investigated. After 5 days, visible NH4+ toxicity symptoms were observed in MSX-treated plants. Compared with the control, the NH4+ accumulation in the leaves increased by 20.99 times, while that of stems and roots increased by 3.27 times and 47.76 %, suggesting that GS inhibition had a greater impact on the leaves. GS inhibition decreased pigments in the leaves by 8.64 %-41.06 %, triggered oxidative stress, and affected ions concentrations in M. aquaticum. The concentrations of glutamine (Gln) and asparagine decreased by 63.46 %-97.43 % and 12.37 %-76.41 %, respectively, while the concentrations of most other amino acids increased after 5 days of MSX treatment, showing that GS inhibition reprogrammed the amino acids synthesis. A decrease in Gln explains the regulations of N-related genes, including increased expression of AMT in roots and decreased expression of GS, GOGAT, GDH, and AS, which would cause further NH4+ accumulation via promoting NH4+ uptake and decreasing NH4+ assimilation in M. aquaticum. This study revealed for the first time that GS inhibition under high NH4+ condition can lead to phytotoxicity in M. aquaticum due to NH4+ accumulation. The physiological and molecular responses of the leaves, stems, and roots confirmed the importance of GS in the high NH4+ tolerance of M. aquaticum. These findings provide new insights into NH4+ tolerance mechanisms in M. aquaticum and a theoretical foundation for the phytoremediation of high NH4+-loaded swine wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Baozhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China.
| | - Pei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Yingnan Xian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Runlin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
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De Palma M, Scotti R, D’Agostino N, Zaccardelli M, Tucci M. Phyto-Friendly Soil Bacteria and Fungi Provide Beneficial Outcomes in the Host Plant by Differently Modulating Its Responses through (In)Direct Mechanisms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2672. [PMID: 36297696 PMCID: PMC9612229 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural systems based on the application of phyto-friendly bacteria and fungi are increasingly needed to preserve soil fertility and microbial biodiversity, as well as to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Although there is considerable attention on the potential applications of microbial consortia as biofertilizers and biocontrol agents for crop management, knowledge on the molecular responses modulated in host plants because of these beneficial associations is still incomplete. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the different mechanisms of action triggered by plant-growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) to promote host-plant growth and improve its defense system. In addition, we combined available gene-expression profiling data from tomato roots sampled in the early stages of interaction with Pseudomonas or Trichoderma strains to develop an integrated model that describes the common processes activated by both PGPMs and highlights the host's different responses to the two microorganisms. All the information gathered will help define new strategies for the selection of crop varieties with a better ability to benefit from the elicitation of microbial inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Palma
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Riccardo Scotti
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano (SA), Italy
| | - Nunzio D’Agostino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Massimo Zaccardelli
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano (SA), Italy
| | - Marina Tucci
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Research Division Portici, National Research Council, 80055 Portici, Italy
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26
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Yang Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Xia H, Zheng S, Xie S, Cao Y, Liu J, Sehar S, Lin Y, Guo Y, Shamsi IH. Nitrogen metabolic rate and differential ammonia volatilization regulate resistance against opportunistic fungus Alternaria alternata in tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003534. [PMID: 36212279 PMCID: PMC9538177 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional correlations between plants and pathogens can crucially affect disease severity. As an essential macronutrient, the availability of nitrogen (N) and the types of N content play a fundamental part not only in energy metabolism and protein synthesis but also in pathogenesis. However, a direct connection has not yet been established between differences in the level of resistance and N metabolism. Pertinently, former studies hold ammonia (NH3) accountable for the development of diseases in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and in some post-harvest fruits. With a purpose of pinpointing the function of NH3 volatilization on Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissl pathogenesis and its correlation with both N metabolism and resistance differences to Alternaria alternata infection in tobacco, leaf tissue of two tobacco cultivars with susceptibility (Changbohuang; CBH), or resistance (Jingyehuang; JYH) were analyzed apropos of ammonia compensation point, apoplastic NH4 + concentration, pH value as well as activities of key enzymes and N status. At the leaf age of 40 to 60 d, the susceptible cultivar had a significantly higher foliar apoplastic ammonium (NH4 +) concentration, pH value and NH3 volatilization potential compared to the resistant one accompanied by a significant reduction in glutamine synthetase (GS), which in particular was a primary factor causing the NH3 volatilization. The NH4 + concentration in CBH was 1.44 times higher than that in JYH, and CBH had NH3 compensation points that were 7.09, 6.15 and 4.35-fold higher than those of JYH at 40, 50 and 60 d, respectively. Moreover, the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity had an upward tendency related to an increased NH4 + accumulation in both leaf tissues and apoplast but not with the NH3 compensation point. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that the accumulation of NH3 volatilization, rather than NH4 + and total N, was the primary factor inducing the Alternaria alternata infection in tobacco. Meanwhile, the susceptible cultivar was characterized by a higher N re-transfer ability of NH3 volatilization, in contrast to the disease-resistant cultivar, and had a stronger capability of N assimilation and reutilization. This study provides a deeper understanding of the pathogenicity mechanism induced by Alternaria alternata, which is useful for breeding Alternaria alternata-resistant varieties of tobacco, at the same time, our research is also conducive to control tobacco brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Yang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Haiqian Xia
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shaoqing Zheng
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shengdong Xie
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiemin Liu
- Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shafaque Sehar
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingchao Lin
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yushuang Guo
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Imran Haider Shamsi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Li K, Zhang S, Tang S, Zhang J, Dong H, Yang S, Qu H, Xuan W, Gu M, Xu G. The rice transcription factor Nhd1 regulates root growth and nitrogen uptake by activating nitrogen transporters. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1608-1624. [PMID: 35512346 PMCID: PMC9237666 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants adjust root architecture and nitrogen (N) transporter activity to meet the variable N demand, but their integrated regulatory mechanism remains unclear. We have previously reported that a floral factor in rice (Oryza sativa), N-mediated heading date-1 (Nhd1), regulates flowering time. Here, we show that Nhd1 can directly activate the transcription of the high-affinity ammonium (NH4+) transporter 1;3 (OsAMT1;3) and the dual affinity nitrate (NO3-) transporter 2.4 (OsNRT2.4). Knockout of Nhd1 inhibited root growth in the presence of NO3- or a low concentration of NH4+. Compared to the wild-type (WT), nhd1 and osamt1;3 mutants showed a similar decrease in root growth and N uptake under low NH4+ supply, while nhd1 and osnrt2.4 mutants showed comparable root inhibition and altered NO3- translocation in shoots. The defects of nhd1 mutants in NH4+ uptake and root growth response to various N supplies were restored by overexpression of OsAMT1;3 or OsNRT2.4. However, when grown in a paddy field with low N availability, nhd1 mutants accumulated more N and achieved a higher N uptake efficiency (NUpE) due to the delayed flowering time and prolonged growth period. Our findings reveal a molecular mechanism underlying the growth duration-dependent NUpE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | | - Shuo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongzhang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shihan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongye Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Authors for correspondence: (S.Z.); (G.X.)
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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of AMT Gene Family in Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ammonium is one of the prevalent nitrogen sources for growth and development of higher plants. Ammonium acquisition from soil is facilitated by ammonium transporters (AMTs), which are plasma membrane proteins that exclusively transport ammonium/ammonia. However, the functional characteristics and molecular mechanisms of AMTs in apple remain unclear. In this work, 15 putative AMT genes were identified and classified into four clusters (AMT1–AMT4) in apple. According to expression analysis, these AMTs had varying expressions in roots, leaves, stems, flowers and fruits. Some of them were strongly affected by diurnal cycles. AMT genes showed multiple transcript patterns to N regimes and were quite responsive to osmotic stress. In addition, phosphorylation analysis revealed that there were some conserved phosphorylation residues within the C-terminal of AMT proteins. Furthermore, detailed research was conducted on AMT1;2 functioning by heterologous expression in yeast. The present study is expected to provide basic bioinformatic information and expression profiles for the apple AMT family and to lay a basis for exploring the functional roles and regulation mechanisms of AMTs in apple.
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Williamson G, Brito AS, Bizior A, Tamburrino G, Dias Mirandela G, Harris T, Hoskisson PA, Zachariae U, Marini AM, Boeckstaens M, Javelle A. Coexistence of Ammonium Transporter and Channel Mechanisms in Amt-Mep-Rh Twin-His Variants Impairs the Filamentation Signaling Capacity of Fungal Mep2 Transceptors. mBio 2022; 13:e0291321. [PMID: 35196127 PMCID: PMC9040831 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02913-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonium translocation through biological membranes, by the ubiquitous Amt-Mep-Rh family of transporters, plays a key role in all domains of life. Two highly conserved histidine residues protrude into the lumen of the pore of these transporters, forming the family's characteristic Twin-His motif. It has been hypothesized that the motif is essential to confer the selectivity of the transport mechanism. Here, using a combination of in vitro electrophysiology on Escherichia coli AmtB, in silico molecular dynamics simulations, and in vivo yeast functional complementation assays, we demonstrate that variations in the Twin-His motif trigger a mechanistic switch between a specific transporter, depending on ammonium deprotonation, to an unspecific ion channel activity. We therefore propose that there is no selective filter that governs specificity in Amt-Mep-Rh transporters, but the inherent mechanism of translocation, dependent on the fragmentation of the substrate, ensures the high specificity of the translocation. We show that coexistence of both mechanisms in single Twin-His variants of yeast Mep2 transceptors disrupts the signaling function and so impairs fungal filamentation. These data support a signaling process driven by the transport mechanism of the fungal Mep2 transceptors. IMPORTANCE Fungal infections represent a significant threat to human health and cause huge damage to crop yields worldwide. The dimorphic switch between yeast and filamentous growth is associated with the virulence of pathogenic fungi. Of note, fungal Mep2 proteins of the conserved Amt-Mep-Rh family play a transceptor role in the induction of filamentation; however, the signaling mechanism remains largely unknown. Amt-Mep-Rh proteins ensure the specific scavenging of NH4+ through a mechanism relying on substrate deprotonation, thereby preventing competition and translocation of similar-sized K+. Our multidisciplinary approaches using E. coli AmtB, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida albicans Mep2 show that double variation of the family-defining Twin-His motif triggers a mechanistic switch from a specific transporter to an unspecific ion channel with both mechanisms still coexisting in single variants. Moreover, we show that this mechanistic alteration is associated with loss of signaling ability of Mep2, supporting a transport mechanism-driven process in filamentation induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Williamson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Sofia Brito
- Biology of Membrane Transport Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Adriana Bizior
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Tamburrino
- Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Gaëtan Dias Mirandela
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Biology of Membrane Transport Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Thomas Harris
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Hoskisson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Zachariae
- Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Maria Marini
- Biology of Membrane Transport Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Boeckstaens
- Biology of Membrane Transport Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Javelle
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Ceasar SA, Maharajan T, Hillary VE, Ajeesh Krishna TP. Insights to improve the plant nutrient transport by CRISPR/Cas system. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107963. [PMID: 35452778 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We need to improve food production to feed the ever growing world population especially in a changing climate. Nutrient deficiency in soils is one of the primary bottlenecks affecting the crop production both in developed and developing countries. Farmers are forced to apply synthetic fertilizers to improve the crop production to meet the demand. Understanding the mechanism of nutrient transport is helpful to improve the nutrient-use efficiency of crops and promote the sustainable agriculture. Many transporters involved in the acquisition, export and redistribution of nutrients in plants are characterized. In these studies, heterologous systems like yeast and Xenopus were most frequently used to study the transport function of plant nutrient transporters. CRIPSR/Cas system introduced recently has taken central stage for efficient genome editing in diverse organisms including plants. In this review, we discuss the key nutrient transporters involved in the acquisition and redistribution of nutrients from soil. We draw insights on the possible application CRISPR/Cas system for improving the nutrient transport in plants by engineering key residues of nutrient transporters, transcriptional regulation of nutrient transport signals, engineering motifs in promoters and transcription factors. CRISPR-based engineering of plant nutrient transport not only helps to study the process in native plants with conserved regulatory system but also aid to develop non-transgenic crops with better nutrient use-efficiency. This will reduce the application of synthetic fertilizers and promote the sustainable agriculture strengthening the food and nutrient security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V Edwin Hillary
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi 683104, Kerala, India
| | - T P Ajeesh Krishna
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kochi 683104, Kerala, India
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Abstract
Nutrients are scarce and valuable resources, so plants developed sophisticated mechanisms to optimize nutrient use efficiency. A crucial part of this is monitoring external and internal nutrient levels to adjust processes such as uptake, redistribution, and cellular compartmentation. Measurement of nutrient levels is carried out by primary sensors that typically involve either transceptors or transcription factors. Primary sensors are only now starting to be identified in plants for some nutrients. In particular, for nitrate, there is detailed insight concerning how the external nitrate status is sensed by members of the nitrate transporter 1 (NRT1) family. Potential sensors for other macronutrients such as potassium and sodium have also been identified recently, whereas for micronutrients such as zinc and iron, transcription factor type sensors have been reported. This review provides an overview that interprets and evaluates our current understanding of how plants sense macro and micronutrients in the rhizosphere and root symplast.
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Sanchez-Vera V, Landberg K, Lopez-Obando M, Thelander M, Lagercrantz U, Muñoz-Viana R, Schmidt A, Grossniklaus U, Sundberg E. The Physcomitrium patens egg cell expresses several distinct epigenetic components and utilizes homologues of BONOBO genes for cell specification. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2614-2628. [PMID: 34942024 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although land plant germ cells have received much attention, knowledge about their specification is still limited. We thus identified transcripts enriched in egg cells of the bryophyte model species Physcomitrium patens, compared the results with angiosperm egg cells, and selected important candidate genes for functional analysis. We used laser-assisted microdissection to perform a cell-type-specific transcriptome analysis on egg cells for comparison with available expression profiles of vegetative tissues and male reproductive organs. We made reporter lines and knockout mutants of the two BONOBO (PbBNB) genes and studied their role in reproduction. We observed an overlap in gene activity between bryophyte and angiosperm egg cells, but also clear differences. Strikingly, several processes that are male-germline specific in Arabidopsis are active in the P. patens egg cell. Among those were the moss PbBNB genes, which control proliferation and identity of both female and male germlines. Pathways shared between male and female germlines were most likely present in the common ancestors of land plants, besides sex-specifying factors. A set of genes may also be involved in the switches between the diploid and haploid moss generations. Nonangiosperm gene networks also contribute to the specification of the P. patens egg cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sanchez-Vera
- Department of Plant Biology, The Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7080, Uppsala, SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Katarina Landberg
- Department of Plant Biology, The Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7080, Uppsala, SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Mauricio Lopez-Obando
- Department of Plant Biology, The Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7080, Uppsala, SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Mattias Thelander
- Department of Plant Biology, The Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7080, Uppsala, SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Ulf Lagercrantz
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, Uppsala, SE-752 36, Sweden
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Viana
- Department of Plant Biology, The Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7080, Uppsala, SE-75007, Sweden
| | - Anja Schmidt
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich, CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - Eva Sundberg
- Department of Plant Biology, The Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7080, Uppsala, SE-75007, Sweden
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33
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Wang Y, Xuan YM, Wang SM, Fan DM, Wang XC, Zheng XQ. Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the ammonium transporter gene family in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13646. [PMID: 35129836 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a preferred nitrogen form, ammonium (NH4 + ) transport via specific transporters is particularly important for the growth and development of tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.). However, our understanding of the functions of the AMT family in tea plants is limited. We identified and named 16 putative AMT genes according to phylogenetic analysis. All CsAMT genes were divided into three groups, distributed on 12 chromosomes with only one segmental duplication repetition. The CsAMT genes showed different expression levels in different organs, and most of them were expressed mainly in the apical buds and roots. Complementation analysis of yeast mutants showed that CsAMTs restored the uptake of NH4 + . This study provides insights into the genome-wide distribution and spatial expression of AMT genes in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Min Xuan
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Mao Wang
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Mei Fan
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Chang Wang
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Barrit T, Porcher A, Cukier C, Satour P, Guillemette T, Limami AM, Teulat B, Campion C, Planchet E. Nitrogen nutrition modifies the susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to the necrotrophic fungus, Alternaria brassicicola. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13621. [PMID: 34989007 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the form of nitrogen (N) source (nitrate versus ammonium) on the susceptibility to Alternaria brassicicola, a necrotrophic fungus, has been examined in Arabidopsis thaliana at the rosette stage. Nitrate nutrition was found to increase fungal lesions considerably. There was a similar induction of defence gene expression following infection under both N nutritions, except for the phytoalexin deficient 3 gene, which was overexpressed with nitrate. Nitrate also led to a greater nitric oxide production occurring in planta during the saprophytic growth and lower nitrate reductase (NIA1) expression 7 days after inoculation. This suggests that nitrate reductase-dependent nitric oxide production had a dual role, whereby, despite its known role in the generic response to pathogens, it affected plant metabolism, and this facilitated fungal infection. In ammonium-grown plants, infection with A. brassicicola induced a stronger gene expression of ammonium transporters and significantly reduced the initially high ammonium content in the leaves. There was a significant interaction between N source and inoculation (presence versus absence of the fungus) on the total amino acid content, while N nutrition reconfigured the spectrum of major amino acids. Typically, a higher content of total amino acid, mainly due to a stronger increase in asparagine and glutamine, is observed under ammonium nutrition while, in nitrate-fed plants, glutamate was the only amino acid which content increased significantly after fungal inoculation. N nutrition thus appears to control fungal infection via a complex set of signalling and nutritional events, shedding light on how nitrate availability can modulate disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis Porcher
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, France
| | | | - Pascale Satour
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, France
| | | | - Anis M Limami
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, France
| | | | - Claire Campion
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, France
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35
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Zhou JY, Hao DL, Yang GZ. Regulation of Cytosolic pH: The Contributions of Plant Plasma Membrane H +-ATPases and Multiple Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12998. [PMID: 34884802 PMCID: PMC8657649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic pH homeostasis is a precondition for the normal growth and stress responses in plants, and H+ flux across the plasma membrane is essential for cytoplasmic pH control. Hence, this review focuses on seven types of proteins that possess direct H+ transport activity, namely, H+-ATPase, NHX, CHX, AMT, NRT, PHT, and KT/HAK/KUP, to summarize their plasma-membrane-located family members, the effect of corresponding gene knockout and/or overexpression on cytosolic pH, the H+ transport pathway, and their functional regulation by the extracellular/cytosolic pH. In general, H+-ATPases mediate H+ extrusion, whereas most members of other six proteins mediate H+ influx, thus contributing to cytosolic pH homeostasis by directly modulating H+ flux across the plasma membrane. The fact that some AMTs/NRTs mediate H+-coupled substrate influx, whereas other intra-family members facilitate H+-uncoupled substrate transport, demonstrates that not all plasma membrane transporters possess H+-coupled substrate transport mechanisms, and using the transport mechanism of a protein to represent the case of the entire family is not suitable. The transport activity of these proteins is regulated by extracellular and/or cytosolic pH, with different structural bases for H+ transfer among these seven types of proteins. Notably, intra-family members possess distinct pH regulatory characterization and underlying residues for H+ transfer. This review is anticipated to facilitate the understanding of the molecular basis for cytosolic pH homeostasis. Despite this progress, the strategy of their cooperation for cytosolic pH homeostasis needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Jurong 212400, China;
| | - Dong-Li Hao
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guang-Zhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
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Lebedev VG, Popova AA, Shestibratov KA. Genetic Engineering and Genome Editing for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Plants. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123303. [PMID: 34943810 PMCID: PMC8699818 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low nitrogen availability is one of the main limiting factors for plant growth and development, and high doses of N fertilizers are necessary to achieve high yields in agriculture. However, most N is not used by plants and pollutes the environment. This situation can be improved by enhancing the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in plants. NUE is a complex trait driven by multiple interactions between genetic and environmental factors, and its improvement requires a fundamental understanding of the key steps in plant N metabolism—uptake, assimilation, and remobilization. This review summarizes two decades of research into bioengineering modification of N metabolism to increase the biomass accumulation and yield in crops. The expression of structural and regulatory genes was most often altered using overexpression strategies, although RNAi and genome editing techniques were also used. Particular attention was paid to woody plants, which have great economic importance, play a crucial role in the ecosystems and have fundamental differences from herbaceous species. The review also considers the issue of unintended effects of transgenic plants with modified N metabolism, e.g., early flowering—a research topic which is currently receiving little attention. The future prospects of improving NUE in crops, essential for the development of sustainable agriculture, using various approaches and in the context of global climate change, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim G. Lebedev
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna A. Popova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 394087 Voronezh, Russia;
| | - Konstantin A. Shestibratov
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 394087 Voronezh, Russia;
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Chen J, Zeng H, Zhang X. Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of D-leaf of seven pineapple varieties differing in N-P-K% contents. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:550. [PMID: 34809576 PMCID: PMC8607640 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) is the third most important tropical fruit in China. In other crops, farmers can easily judge the nutritional requirements from leaf color. However, concerning pineapple, it is difficult due to the variation in leaf color of the cultivated pineapple varieties. A detailed understanding of the mechanisms of nutrient transport, accumulation, and assimilation was targeted in this study. We explored the D-leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents, transcriptome, and metabolome of seven pineapple varieties. RESULTS Significantly higher N, P, and K% contents were observed in Bali, Caine, and Golden pineapple. The transcriptome sequencing of 21 libraries resulted in the identification of 14,310 differentially expressed genes in the D-leaves of seven pineapple varieties. Genes associated with N transport and assimilation in D-leaves of pineapple was possibly regulated by nitrate and ammonium transporters, and glutamate dehydrogenases play roles in N assimilation in arginine biosynthesis pathways. Photosynthesis and photosynthesis-antenna proteins pathways were also significantly regulated between the studied genotypes. Phosphate transporters and mitochondrial phosphate transporters were differentially regulated regarding inorganic P transport. WRKY, MYB, and bHLH transcription factors were possibly regulating the phosphate transporters. The observed varying contents of K% in the D-leaves was associated to the regulation of K+ transporters and channels under the influence of Ca2+ signaling. The UPLC-MS/MS analysis detected 873 metabolites which were mainly classified as flavonoids, lipids, and phenolic acids. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a detailed insight into the N, P, K% contents in pineapple D-leaf and their transcriptomic and metabolomic signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524091, China.
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524091, China.
| | - Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524091, China
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524091, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Tree Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524091, China
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524091, China
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Petersen F, Demann J, Restemeyer D, Ulbrich A, Olfs HW, Westendarp H, Appenroth KJ. Influence of the Nitrate-N to Ammonium-N Ratio on Relative Growth Rate and Crude Protein Content in the Duckweeds Lemna minor and Wolffiella hyalina. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1741. [PMID: 34451786 PMCID: PMC8399352 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to produce protein-rich duckweed for human and animal consumption, a stable cultivation process, including an optimal nutrient supply for each species, must be implemented. Modified nutrient media, based on the N-medium for duckweed cultivation, were tested on the relative growth rate (RGR) and crude protein content (CPC) of Lemna minor and Wolffiella hyalina, as well as the decrease of nitrate-N and ammonium-N in the media. Five different nitrate-N to ammonium-N molar ratios were diluted to 10% and 50% of the original N-medium concentration. The media mainly consisted of agricultural fertilizers. A ratio of 75% nitrate-N and 25% ammonium-N, with a dilution of 50%, yielded the best results for both species. Based on the dry weight (DW), L. minor achieved a RGR of 0.23 ± 0.009 d-1 and a CPC of 37.8 ± 0.42%, while W. hyalina's maximum RGR was 0.22 ± 0.017 d-1, with a CPC of 43.9 ± 0.34%. The relative protein yield per week and m2 was highest at this ratio and dilution, as well as the ammonium-N decrease in the corresponding medium. These results could be implemented in duckweed research and applications if a high protein content or protein yield is the aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Petersen
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Am Krümpel 31, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (J.D.); (D.R.); (A.U.); (H.-W.O.); (H.W.)
| | - Johannes Demann
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Am Krümpel 31, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (J.D.); (D.R.); (A.U.); (H.-W.O.); (H.W.)
| | - Dina Restemeyer
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Am Krümpel 31, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (J.D.); (D.R.); (A.U.); (H.-W.O.); (H.W.)
| | - Andreas Ulbrich
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Am Krümpel 31, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (J.D.); (D.R.); (A.U.); (H.-W.O.); (H.W.)
| | - Hans-Werner Olfs
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Am Krümpel 31, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (J.D.); (D.R.); (A.U.); (H.-W.O.); (H.W.)
| | - Heiner Westendarp
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Am Krümpel 31, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany; (J.D.); (D.R.); (A.U.); (H.-W.O.); (H.W.)
| | - Klaus-Jürgen Appenroth
- Matthias-Schleiden-Institute-Plant Physiology, University of Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany;
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Feng L, Xu W, Tang G, Gu M, Geng Z. Biochar induced improvement in root system architecture enhances nutrient assimilation by cotton plant seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:269. [PMID: 34116636 PMCID: PMC8194105 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raising nitrogen use efficiency of crops by improving root system architecture is highly essential not only to reduce costs of agricultural production but also to mitigate climate change. The physiological mechanisms of how biochar affects nitrogen assimilation by crop seedlings have not been well elucidated. RESULTS Here, we report changes in root system architecture, activities of the key enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation, and cytokinin (CTK) at the seedling stage of cotton with reduced urea usage and biochar application at different soil layers (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). Active root absorption area, fresh weight, and nitrogen agronomic efficiency increased significantly when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied in the surface soil layer. Glutamine oxoglutarate amino transferase (GOGAT) activity was closely related to the application depth of urea/biochar, and it increased when urea/biochar was applied in the 0-10 cm layer. Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity (GPT) increased significantly as well. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was stimulated by CTK in the very fine roots but inhibited in the fine roots. In addition, AMT1;1, gdh3, and gdh2 were significantly up-regulated in the very fine roots when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied. CONCLUSION Nitrogen assimilation efficiency was significantly affected when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied in the surface soil layer at the seedling stage of cotton. The co-expression of gdh3 and gdh2 in the fine roots increased nitrogen agronomic efficiency. The synergistic expression of the ammonium transporter gene and gdh3 suggests that biochar may be beneficial to amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 China
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water Conservation, Urumqi, 830092 China
| | - Wanli Xu
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water Conservation, Urumqi, 830092 China
| | - Guangmu Tang
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water Conservation, Urumqi, 830092 China
| | - Meiying Gu
- Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Microbial Application, Urumqi, 830091 China
| | - Zengchao Geng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 China
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Wu Z, Gao X, Zhang N, Feng X, Huang Y, Zeng Q, Wu J, Zhang J, Qi Y. Genome-wide identification and transcriptional analysis of ammonium transporters in Saccharum. Genomics 2021; 113:1671-1680. [PMID: 33838277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ammonium transporters (AMTs) are plasma membrane proteins that exclusively transport ammonium/ammonia. It is essential for the nitrogen demand of plantsby AMT-mediated acquisition of ammonium from soils. The molecular characteristics and evolutionary history of AMTs in Saccharum spp. remain unclear. We comprehensively evaluated the AMT gene family in the latest release of the S. spontaneum genome and identified 6 novel AMT genes. These genes belong to 3 clusters: AMT2 (2 genes), AMT3 (3 genes), and AMT4 (one gene). Evolutionary analyses suggested that the S. spontaneum AMT gene family may have expanded via whole-genome duplication events. All of the 6 AMT genes are located on 5 chromosomes of S. spontaneum. Expression analyses revealed that AMT3;2 was highly expressed in leaves and in the daytime, and AMT2;1/3;2/4 were dynamic expressed in different leaf segments, as well as AMT2;1/3;2 demonstrated a high transcript accumulation level in leaves and roots and were significantly dynamic expressed under low-nitrogen conditions. The results suggest the functional roles of AMT genes on tissue expression and ammonium absorption in Saccharum. This study will provide some reference information for further elucidation of the functional mechanism and regulation of expression of the AMT gene family in Saccharum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Wu
- Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering Center, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Xiaoning Gao
- Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering Center, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering Center, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Xiaomin Feng
- Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering Center, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Yonghong Huang
- Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering Center, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Qiaoying Zeng
- Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering Center, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Jiayun Wu
- Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering Center, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Jisen Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yongwen Qi
- Guangdong Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Engineering Center, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China.
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Nitrogen Uptake in Plants: The Plasma Membrane Root Transport Systems from a Physiological and Proteomic Perspective. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040681. [PMID: 33916130 PMCID: PMC8066207 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen nutrition in plants is a key determinant in crop productivity. The availability of nitrogen nutrients in the soil, both inorganic (nitrate and ammonium) and organic (urea and free amino acids), highly differs and influences plant physiology, growth, metabolism, and root morphology. Deciphering this multifaceted scenario is mandatory to improve the agricultural sustainability. In root cells, specific proteins located at the plasma membrane play key roles in the transport and sensing of nitrogen forms. This review outlines the current knowledge regarding the biochemical and physiological aspects behind the uptake of the individual nitrogen forms, their reciprocal interactions, the influences on root system architecture, and the relations with other proteins sustaining fundamental plasma membrane functionalities, such as aquaporins and H+-ATPase. This topic is explored starting from the information achieved in the model plant Arabidopsis and moving to crops in agricultural soils. Moreover, the main contributions provided by proteomics are described in order to highlight the goals and pitfalls of this approach and to get new hints for future studies.
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