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McCraw AJ, Palhares LCGF, Hendel JL, Gardner RA, Santaolalla A, Crescioli S, McDonnell J, Van Hemelrijck M, Chenoweth A, Spencer DIR, Wagner GK, Karagiannis SN. IgE glycosylation and impact on structure and function: A systematic review. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 39099223 DOI: 10.1111/all.16259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The impact of human IgE glycosylation on structure, function and disease mechanisms is not fully elucidated, and heterogeneity in different studies renders drawing conclusions challenging. Previous reviews discussed IgE glycosylation focusing on specific topics such as health versus disease, FcεR binding or impact on function. We present the first systematic review of human IgE glycosylation conducted utilizing the PRISMA guidelines. We sought to define the current consensus concerning the roles of glycosylation on structure, biology and disease. Despite diverse analytical methodologies, source, expression systems and the sparsity of data on IgE antibodies from non-allergic individuals, collectively evidence suggests differential glycosylation profiles, particularly in allergic diseases compared with healthy states, and indicates functional impact, and contributions to IgE-mediated hypersensitivities and atopic diseases. Beyond allergic diseases, dysregulated terminal glycan structures, including sialic acid, may regulate IgE metabolism. Glycan sites such as N394 may contribute to stabilizing IgE structure, with alterations in these glycans likely influencing both structure and IgE-FcεR interactions. This systematic review therefore highlights critical IgE glycosylation attributes in health and disease that may be exploitable for therapeutic intervention, and the need for novel analytics to explore pertinent research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J McCraw
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences & KHP Centre for Translational Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lais C G F Palhares
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences & KHP Centre for Translational Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jenifer L Hendel
- Department of Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Aida Santaolalla
- Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences & KHP Centre for Translational Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Alicia Chenoweth
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences & KHP Centre for Translational Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gerd K Wagner
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences & KHP Centre for Translational Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences & KHP Centre for Translational Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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Zhang W, Chen X, Chen X, Li J, Wang H, Yan X, Zha H, Ma X, Zhao C, Su M, Hong L, Li P, Ling Y, Zhao W, Xia Y, Li B, Zheng T, Gu J. Fc-Fc interactions and immune inhibitory effects of IgG4: implications for anti-PD-1 immunotherapies. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e009034. [PMID: 38925680 PMCID: PMC11203076 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of anti-programmed cell-death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) use S228P mutation IgG4 as the structural basis to avoid the activation of immune cells or complement. However, little attention has been paid to the Fc-Fc interactions between IgG4 and other IgG Fc fragments that could result in adverse effects. Fc-null IgG1 framework is a potential safer alternative to avoid the undesirable Fc-Fc interactions and Fc receptor binding derived effects observed with IgG4. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of anti-PD-1 mAbs of these two frameworks. METHODS Trastuzumab and rituximab (both IgG1), wildtype IgG1 and IgG4 were immobilized on nitrocellulose membranes, coated to microplates and biosensor chips, and bound to tumor cells as targets for Fc-Fc interactions. Wildtype IgG1 and IgG4, anti-PD-1 mAb nivolumab (IgG4 S228P), penpulimab (Fc-null IgG1), and tislelizumab (Fc-null IgG4 S228P-R409K) were assessed for their binding reactions to the immobilized IgG proteins and quantitative kinetic data were obtained. To evaluate the effects of the two anti-PD-1 mAbs on immune responses mediated by trastuzumab and rituximab in the context of combination therapy, we employed classic immune models for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and complement dependent cytotoxicity. Tumor-bearing mouse models, both wildtype and humanized, were used for in vivo investigation. Furthermore, we also examined the effects of IgG1 and IgG4 on diverse immune cell populations RESULTS: Experiments demonstrated that wildtype IgG4 and nivolumab bound to immobilized IgG through Fc-Fc interactions, diminishing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and phagocytosis reactions. Quantitative analysis of kinetic parameters suggests that nivolumab and wildtype IgG4 exhibit comparable binding affinities to immobilized IgG1 in both non-denatured and denatured states. IgG4 exerted inhibitory effects on various immune cell types. Wildtype IgG4 and nivolumab both promoted tumor growth in wildtype mouse models. Conversely, wildtype IgG1, penpulimab, and tislelizumab did not show similar adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Fc-null IgG1 represents a safer choice for anti-PD-1 immunotherapies by avoiding both the adverse Fc-Fc interactions and Fc-related immune inhibitory effects of IgG4. Fc-null IgG4 S228P-R409K and Fc-null IgG1 displayed similar structural properties and benefits. This study contributes to the understanding of immunotherapy resistance and the advancement of safer immune therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xueling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jirui Li
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaomiao Yan
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Xinan Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Zha
- The People's Hospital of Qijiang District Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chanyuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Meng Su
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Liangli Hong
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Penghao Li
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Xinan Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyu Ling
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Akeso Biopharma Inc, Zhongshan, China
| | | | - Tianjing Zheng
- Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Guangdong Provincial International Collaborative Center of Molecular Medicine, Center of Collaboration and Creative, Molecular Diagnosis and Personalized Medical, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Xinan Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu, China
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Haq F, Park G, Jeon S, Hirokawa M, Jung CK. Utilizing Immunoglobulin G4 Immunohistochemistry for Risk Stratification in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Associated with Hashimoto Thyroiditis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:468-478. [PMID: 38766717 PMCID: PMC11220220 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2024.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is suspected to correlate with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) development. While some HT cases exhibit histologic features of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease, the relationship of HT with PTC progression remains unestablished. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 426 adult patients with PTC (≥1 cm) undergoing thyroidectomy at an academic thyroid center. HT was identified based on its typical histologic features. IgG4 and IgG immunohistochemistry were performed. Wholeslide images of immunostained slides were digitalized. Positive plasma cells per 2 mm2 were counted using QuPath and a pre-trained deep learning model. The primary outcome was tumor structural recurrence post-surgery. RESULTS Among the 426 PTC patients, 79 were diagnosed with HT. With a 40% IgG4 positive/IgG plasma cell ratio as the threshold for diagnosing IgG4-related disease, a cutoff value of >150 IgG4 positive plasma cells per 2 mm2 was established. According to this criterion, 53% (43/79) of HT patients were classified as IgG4-related. The IgG4-related HT subgroup presented a more advanced cancer stage than the IgG4-non-related HT group (P=0.038). The median observation period was 109 months (range, 6 to 142). Initial assessment revealed 43 recurrence cases. Recurrence-free survival periods showed significant (P=0.023) differences, with patients with IgG4 non-related HT showing the longest period, followed by patients without HT and those with IgG4-related HT. CONCLUSION This study effectively stratified recurrence risk in PTC patients based on HT status and IgG4-related subtypes. These findings may contribute to better-informed treatment decisions and patient care strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faridul Haq
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeongsin Park
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sora Jeon
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Udoye CC, Ehlers M, Manz RA. The B Cell Response and Formation of Allergenic and Anti-Allergenic Antibodies in Food Allergy. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1501. [PMID: 38132327 PMCID: PMC10740584 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are a growing public health concern worldwide, especially in children and young adults. Allergen-specific IgE plays a central role in the pathogenesis of food allergies, but their titers poorly correlate with allergy development. Host immune systems yield allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgE and IgG subclasses with low or high affinities and differential Fc N-glycosylation patterns that can affect the allergic reaction to food in multiple ways. High-affinity IgE is required to induce strong mast cell activation eventually leading to allergic anaphylaxis, while low-affinity IgE can even inhibit the development of clinically relevant allergic symptoms. IgA and IgG antibodies can inhibit IgE-mediated mast cell activation through various mechanisms, thereby protecting IgE-positive individuals from allergy development. The production of IgE and IgG with differential allergenic potential seems to be affected by the signaling strength of individual B cell receptors, and by cytokines from T cells. This review provides an overview of the diversity of the B cell response and the diverse roles of antibodies in food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. Udoye
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rudolf A. Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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Guler B, Tekden BC, Cetin G, Yildiz P, Turna S, Uysal O, Sinal I. The role of IgG4-positive plasma cell population in classic Hodgkin lymphoma. J Hematop 2023; 16:191-197. [PMID: 38175429 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-023-00559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of IgG4, which constitutes the least of the IgG subclasses, on the pathogenesis and prognosis of lymphoma or solid tumors is one of the research topics of interest in recent years. The role of IgG4, which has been reported to suppress antitumor immunity, in classic Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), which is recognized by its pathognomonic microenvironment, is not yet clearly known. The aim of this study was to determine IgG4-positive plasma cell density in the cHL microenvironment and to compare it with histopathological and clinical parameters. In addition, the role of the increase in IgG4-positive cells in the development of relapse after treatment was also investigated. A retrospective cross-sectional study. Ninety-four patients with the initial diagnosis of cHL who had no comorbidity or no treatment history and forty-one reactive lymph nodes with follicular hyperplasia findings were included in the study. Three hot-spot areas were identified with reference to the IgG4 sections. Mean IgG4-positive plasmacyte counts and IgG4/IgG ratios were determined and compared with histopathological characteristics. The mean IgG4 + plasma cell count was 33.57 in cHL cases and 47.04 in the control group (p = 0.233). IgG4/IgG ratio was significantly higher in cHL compared with the control group (0.27 vs. 0.21, p = 0.021). The IgG4/IgG ratio was found to be higher in younger patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma, with a low correlation (p = 0.028, r = - 0.226). There was no relationship with gender, lymph node location, histological subtype, EBV positivity and bone marrow infiltration. It was observed that IgG4/IgG ratio was higher in early-stage patients (p = 0.022). No significant IgG4 + cell increase was detected in the initial diagnosis and relapse slides of six patients who developed relapse after standard treatment, resulting in a cure. Novel therapeutic modalities targeting microenvironmental components have been reported to show dramatic effects, particularly in relapsed or refractory patients. Detailed characterization of the cHL inflammatory milieu will be useful for the identification of alternative targets. IgG4 subclass antibodies, which have been described to have anti-inflammatory effects, may have prognostic significance in a proportion of cHL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beril Guler
- Department of Pathology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Guven Cetin
- Department of Hematology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pelin Yildiz
- Department of Pathology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seval Turna
- Vocational School of Health Services, Pathology Laboratory Techniques Program, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Uysal
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irmak Sinal
- Department of Pathology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Körner RW, Bansemir OY, Franke R, Sturm J, Dafsari HS. Atopy and Elevation of IgE, IgG3, and IgG4 May Be Risk Factors for Post COVID-19 Condition in Children and Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1598. [PMID: 37892261 PMCID: PMC10605545 DOI: 10.3390/children10101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes transient cardiorespiratory and neurological disorders, and severe acute illness is rare among children. Post COVID-19 condition (PCC) may cause profound, persistent phenotypes with increasing prevalence. Its manifestation and risk factors remain elusive. In this monocentric study, we hypothesized that atopy, the tendency to produce an exaggerated immunoglobulin E (IgE) immune response, is a risk factor for the manifestation of pediatric PCC. We present a patient cohort (n = 28) from an early pandemic period (2021-2022) with comprehensive evaluations of phenotypes, pulmonary function, and molecular investigations. PCC predominantly affected adolescents and presented with fatigue, dyspnea, and post-exertional malaise. Sensitizations to aeroallergens were found in 93% of cases. We observed elevated IgE levels (mean 174.2 kU/L, reference < 100 kU/L) regardless of disease severity. Concurrent Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) was found in 29% of patients that also faced challenges in school attendance. ME/CFS manifestation was significantly associated with elevated immunoglobulin G subclasses IgG3 (p < 0.05) and IgG4 (p < 0.05). A total of 57% of patients showed self-limiting disease courses with mean recovery at 12.7 months (range 5-25 months), 29% at 19.2 months (range 12-30 months), and the rest demonstrated overall improvement. These findings offer additional insights into immune dysregulation as a risk factor for pediatric PCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Walter Körner
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ole Yannick Bansemir
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rosa Franke
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Julius Sturm
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hormos Salimi Dafsari
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Hiratsuka T, Ito S, Sakai R, Yokose T, Endo T, Daigo Y, Miyagi Y, Tsuruyama T. Proteome analysis of CD5-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma FFPE tissue reveals downregulation of DDX3X, DNAJB1, and B cell receptor signaling pathway proteins including BTK and Immunoglobulins. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:36. [PMID: 37705009 PMCID: PMC10498596 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular pathology of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has been extensively studied. Among DLBCL subtypes, the prognosis of CD5-positive DLBCL is worse than that of CD5-negative DLBCL, considering the central nervous system relapse and poor response to R-CHOP therapy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenesis and progression of CD5-positive DLBCL remain unknown. METHODS To identify molecular markers that can be targeted for treating DLBCL, a proteomic study was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with chemically pretreated formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from CD5-positive (n = 5) and CD5-negative DLBCL patients (n = 6). RESULTS Twenty-one proteins showed significant downregulation in CD5-positive DLBCL compared to CD5-negative DLBCL. Principal component analysis of protein expression profiling in CD5-positive and CD5-negative DLBCL revealed that DNAJB1, DDX3X, and BTK, which is one of the B cell phenotypic proteins, were the most significantly downregulated proteins and served as biomarkers that distinguished both groups. Additionally, a set of immunoglobulins, including IgG4, exhibited significant downregulation. Immunohistochemistry analysis for BTK demonstrated reduced staining in CD5-positive DLBCL compared to CD5-negative DLBCL. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, DNAJB1 and DDX3X, BTK, and a set of immunoglobulins are promising biomarkers. Probably, the suppression of BCR signaling is the unique phenotype of CD5-positive DLBCL. This formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE)-based profiling may help to develop novel therapeutic molecularly targeted drugs for treating DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hiratsuka
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Pathology Division, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Shinji Ito
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rika Sakai
- Department of Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokose
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Endo
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, and Center for Advanced Medicine Against Cancer, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Tsuruyama
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Pathology Division, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Institute Kitano Hospital, Ogimachi, Osaka, Japan.
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Wongphutorn P, Worasith C, Kopolrat KY, Homwong C, Sithithaworn J, Eamudomkarn C, Techasen A, Tippayawat P, Pitaksakurat O, Hongsrichan N, Crellen T, Sithithaworn P. Diagnostic performance of Strongyloides-specific IgG4 detection in urine for diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:298. [PMID: 37641157 PMCID: PMC10464225 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of parasite-specific IgG in urine is a sensitive method for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis and gives similar accuracy to serum IgG. However, there are no data concerning detection of IgG subclass in urine. To further explore the utility of diagnosis from urine samples, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of IgG4 in urine compared with parasitological and other immunological methods. METHODS The urine and sera included proven strongyloidiasis (group 1, n = 93), other parasitic infections (group 2, n = 40) and parasite negatives (group 3, n = 93). The performance of Strongyloides-specific IgG4 in urine for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis using fecal examinations as the reference standard was assessed. RESULTS With fecal examination as a gold standard, Strongyloides-specific IgG4 in urine had 91.4% sensitivity and 93.2% specificity while serum IgG4 had 93.6% sensitivity and 91.0% specificity. IgG4 in both urine and serum had almost perfect diagnostic agreements with fecal examination (Cohen's kappa coefficient was > 0.8). Cross-reactivity to Opisthorchis viverrini and Taenia spp. of IgG4 in urine were 7.5% and 12.5% in serum. Concurrent analyses of total IgG in urine and serum showed that the sensitivities (97.9-100%) and specificities (88.7-91.0%) were similar (P > 0.05). The sensitivity for parasitological examination by the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT) was 49.5% and that for agar plate culture technique (APC) it was 92.6%. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that specific IgG4 detection in urine yielded similar diagnostic performance to the same biomarkers in serum. This suggests that accurate diagnosis of strongyloidiasis can be performed using urine samples and IgG4 is a valid choice of diagnostic marker. Further assessment is required to assess the utility of urine IgG4 for measuring the response treatment in strongyloidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chanika Worasith
- Department of Adult Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kulthida Y Kopolrat
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Chutima Homwong
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Chatanun Eamudomkarn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Opal Pitaksakurat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nuttanan Hongsrichan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thomas Crellen
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davies Building, Glasgow, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Kiszel P, Sík P, Miklós J, Kajdácsi E, Sinkovits G, Cervenak L, Prohászka Z. Class switch towards spike protein-specific IgG4 antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination depends on prior infection history. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13166. [PMID: 37574522 PMCID: PMC10423719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 reduce the risk of developing serious COVID-19 disease. Monitoring spike-specific IgG subclass levels after vaccinations may provide additional information on SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral immune response. Here, we examined the presence and levels of spike-specific IgG antibody subclasses in health-care coworkers vaccinated with vector- (Sputnik, AstraZeneca) or mRNA-based (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna) vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and in unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. We found that vector-based vaccines elicited lower total spike-specific IgG levels than mRNA vaccines. The pattern of spike-specific IgG subclasses in individuals infected before mRNA vaccinations resembled that of vector-vaccinated subjects or unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. However, the pattern of mRNA-vaccinated individuals without SARS-CoV-2 preinfection showed a markedly different pattern. In addition to IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses presented in all groups, a switch towards distal IgG subclasses (spike-specific IgG4 and IgG2) appeared almost exclusively in individuals who received only mRNA vaccines or were infected after mRNA vaccinations. In these subjects, the magnitude of the spike-specific IgG4 response was comparable to that of the spike-specific IgG1 response. These data suggest that the priming of the immune system either by natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or by vector- or mRNA-based vaccinations has an important impact on the characteristics of the developed specific humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kiszel
- Research Group for Immunology and Hematology, Semmelweis University-Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
| | - Pál Sík
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - János Miklós
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Erika Kajdácsi
- Research Group for Immunology and Hematology, Semmelweis University-Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - György Sinkovits
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - László Cervenak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- Research Group for Immunology and Hematology, Semmelweis University-Eötvös Loránd Research Network (Office for Supported Research Groups), Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
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10
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Homan EJ, Bremel RD. Determinants of tumor immune evasion: the role of T cell exposed motif frequency and mutant amino acid exposure. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155679. [PMID: 37215122 PMCID: PMC10196236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Few neoepitopes detected in tumor biopsies are immunogenic. Tumor-specific T cell responses require both the presentation of an epitope that differs from wildtype and the presence of T cells with neoepitope-cognate receptors. We show that mutations detected in tumor biopsies result in an increased frequency of rare amino acid combinations compared to the human proteome and gastrointestinal microorganisms. Mutations in a large data set of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene products were compared to wildtype, and to the count of corresponding amino acid motifs in the human proteome and gastrointestinal microbiome. Mutant amino acids in T cell exposed positions of potential neoepitopes consistently generated amino acid motifs that are less common in both proteome reference datasets. Approximately 10% of the mutant amino acid motifs are absent from the human proteome. Motif frequency does not change when mutants were positioned in the MHC anchor positions hidden from T cell receptors. Analysis of neoepitopes in GBM and LUSC cases showed less common T cell exposed motifs, and HLA binding preferentially placing mutant amino acids in an anchor position for both MHC I and MHC II. Cross-presentation of mutant exposed neoepitopes by MHC I and MHC II was particularly uncommon. Review of a tumor mutation dataset known to generate T cell responses showed immunogenic epitopes were those with mutant amino acids exposed to the T cell receptor and with exposed pentamer motifs present in the human and microbiome reference databases. The study illustrates a previously unrecognized mechanism of tumor immune evasion, as rare T cell exposed motifs produced by mutation are less likely to have cognate T cells in the T cell repertoire. The complex interactions of HLA genotype, binding positions, and mutation specific changes in T cell exposed motif underscore the necessity of evaluating potential neoepitopes in each individual patient.
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11
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Zhang W, Quan Y, Ma X, Zeng L, Li J, Chen S, Su M, Hong L, Li P, Wang H, Xu Q, Zhao C, Zhu X, Geng Y, Yan X, Fang Z, Chen M, Tian D, Su M, Chen X, Gu J. Synergistic effect of glutathione and IgG4 in immune evasion and the implication for cancer immunotherapy. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102608. [PMID: 36681047 PMCID: PMC9868885 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported a novel IgG4-centered immune evasion mechanism in cancer, and this was achieved mostly through the Fc-Fc reaction of increased IgG4 to cancer-bound IgG in cancer microenvironment. The mechanism was suggested to be related to cancer hyperprogressive disease (HPD) which is a side-effect often associated to IgG4 subtype PD-1 antibody immunotherapy. HPD was reported to occur in cancers with certain mutated genes including KRAS and such mutations are often associated to glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Therefore, we hypothesize that IgG4 and GSH may play a synergistic role in local immunosuppression of cancer. METHODS Quantitatively analyzed the distribution and abundance of GSH and IgG4 in human cancer samples with ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The interactions between GSH and IgG4 were examined with Electrophoresis and Western Blot. The synergistic effects of the two on classic immune responses were investigated in vitro. The combined effects were also tested in a lung cancer model and a skin graft model in mice. RESULTS We detected significant increases of both GSH and IgG4 in the microenvironment of lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and colon cancer tissues. GSH disrupted the disulfide bond of IgG4 heavy chain and enhanced IgG4's ability of Fc-Fc reaction to immobilized IgG subtypes. Combined administration of IgG4 and GSH augmented the inhibitory effect of IgG4 on the classic ADCC, ADCP, and CDC reactions. Local administration of IgG4/GSH achieved the most obvious effect of accelerating cancer growth in the mouse lung cancer model. The same combination prolonged the survival of skin grafts between two different strains of mouse. In both models, immune cells and several cytokines were found to shift to the state of immune tolerance. CONCLUSION Combined application of GSH and IgG4 can promote tumor growth and protect skin graft. The mechanism may be achieved through the effect of the Fc-Fc reaction between IgG4 and other tissue-bound IgG subtypes resulting in local immunosuppression. This reaction was facilitated by increased GSH to dissociate the two heavy chains of IgG4 Fc fragment at its disulfide bonds. Our findings unveiled the interaction between the redox system and the immune systems in cancer microenvironment. It offers a sensible explanation for HPD and provides new possibilities for manipulating this mechanism for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Quan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liting Zeng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jirui Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqi Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Su
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangli Hong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Penghao Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, 66 Jingxiu Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chanyuan Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiqun Geng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomiao Yan
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, 66 Jingxiu Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Motic China Group Co, Ltd, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Dongping Tian
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Su
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueling Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Personalized Medicine Center of Collaborative and Creative Center, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, 66 Jingxiu Road, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Paolucci M, Wuillemin N, Köhli A, Ballmer-Weber B, Severin Y, Waeckerle-Men Y, Arena C, Homère V, Bieli D, Kündig TM, Sonati T, Johansen P. Multivariate allergen-specific analysis and profiling of serum antibodies from patients with peanut allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:353-358. [PMID: 36478618 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Paolucci
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Alice Köhli
- Division of Allergology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Yannik Severin
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Valentine Homère
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas M Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Pål Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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McGowan EC, Medernach J, Keshavarz B, Workman LJ, Li RC, Barnes BH, Sauer B, Wilson JM, Platts-Mills TAE. Food antigen consumption and disease activity affect food-specific IgG4 levels in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:307-315. [PMID: 35980663 PMCID: PMC9938092 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High levels of serum food-specific IgG4 (sIgG4) have been reported in patients with EoE. The objective of this study was to examine whether serum sIgG4 levels to foods and aeroallergens are higher in EoE patients than allergic controls and to investigate the association between sIgG4 and EoE clinical characteristics. METHODS This was a case-control study nested in a prospective EoE Cohort. EoE cases were defined per consensus guidelines, and controls were individuals with symptoms who were confirmed to be EoE-negative on upper endoscopy. Demographic and clinical information was prospectively collected. Serum IgE and sIgG4 were measured to foods and aeroallergens by ImmunoCAP. Mean levels of sIgG4 were compared between cases and controls, and logistic regression models were used to examine predictors of elevated milk sIgG4 levels. RESULTS The analysis included 123 individuals (EoE n = 93, control n = 30) with a similar distribution of allergic disease between EoE patients and controls (86% vs. 93%; p = .30). EoE patients had significantly higher sIgG4 levels to all allergens evaluated, with the exception of birch (p = .24). Milk sIgG4 levels were independently associated with milk consumption (OR 4.95; p = .01) and the presence of sIgE to milk (OR 4.23; p = .008). CONCLUSION Serum sIgG4 levels to food and aeroallergen proteins were higher in patients with EoE than non-EoE controls, and higher levels of milk sIgG4 were independently associated with milk consumption and the presence of sIgE to milk proteins. Whether sIgG4 plays a pathogenic role in EoE or could be used as an EoE biomarker remains unknown and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C McGowan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Medernach
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology/Nutrition, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Behnam Keshavarz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lisa J Workman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rung-Chi Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Barrett H Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology/Nutrition, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Bryan Sauer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas A E Platts-Mills
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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14
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Akdis CA, Akdis M, Boyd SD, Sampath V, Galli SJ, Nadeau KC. Allergy: Mechanistic insights into new methods of prevention and therapy. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd2563. [PMID: 36652536 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased worldwide. Here, we review the etiology and pathophysiology of allergic diseases, including the role of the epithelial barrier, the immune system, climate change, and pollutants. Our current understanding of the roles of early life and infancy; diverse diet; skin, respiratory, and gut barriers; and microbiome in building immune tolerance to common environmental allergens has led to changes in prevention guidelines. Recent developments on the mechanisms involved in allergic diseases have been translated to effective treatments, particularly in the past 5 years, with additional treatments now in advanced clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos CH-7265, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos CH-7265, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos CH-7265, Switzerland
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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15
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Campal-Espinosa AC, Junco-Barranco JA, Fuentes-Aguilar F, Calzada-Aguilera L, Rivacoba-Betancourt A, Rodríguez-Bueno RH, Bover-Campal AC, Bover-Fuentes EE, González L, de Quesada L, Alvarez A, Garay-Pérez HE. Influence of Humoral Response Against GnRH, Generated by Immunization with a Therapeutic Vaccine Candidate on the Evolution of Patients with Castration-Sensitive Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231207318. [PMID: 37828833 PMCID: PMC10576932 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231207318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-based therapeutic vaccine candidate against hormone-sensitive prostate cancer has demonstrated its safety and signs of efficacy in phase I/II trials. In this study, we characterized the isotype/subclass profiles of the anti-GnRH humoral response generated by the vaccination and analyzed its association with patients' clinical outcomes. METHODS The immunoglobulin isotypes and IgG subclasses of the antibody responses of 34 patients included in a randomized, open, prospective phase I/II clinical trial were characterized. Every patient included in the study had a diagnosis of locally advanced prostate adenocarcinoma at stages 3 and 4 and received immunization with the vaccine candidate. Additionally, serum testosterone and prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations, serving as indicators of tumor response, were determined. The type of anti-GnRH antibody response was correlated to the time elapsed until the first biochemical recurrence in patients and the outcome of the disease. RESULTS All patients developed strong and prolonged anti-GnRH antibody responses, resulting in a short- to mid-term decrease in serum testosterone and PSA levels. Following immunizations, anti-GnRH antibodies of the IgM/IgG and IgG1/IgG3 subclasses were observed. Following radiotherapy, the humoral response switched to IgG (IgG1/IgG4). Patients who experienced a short-term biochemical relapse were characterized by significantly higher levels of anti-GnRH IgG titers, particularly IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses. These characteristics, along with a high response of specific IgM antibodies at the end of immunizations and the development of anti-GnRH IgA antibody responses following radiotherapy, were observed in patients whose disease progressed, compared to those with controlled disease. CONCLUSION The nature of the humoral response against anti-GnRH, induced by vaccination may play a key role in activating additional immunological mechanisms. Collectively, these mechanisms could contribute significantly to the regulation of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Arturo Junco-Barranco
- Vaccine Research Group, Research Department, Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Camagüey, Cuba
| | - Franklin Fuentes-Aguilar
- Vaccine Research Group, Research Department, Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Camagüey, Cuba
| | - Lesvia Calzada-Aguilera
- Vaccine Research Group, Research Department, Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Camagüey, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Eddy Emilio Bover-Fuentes
- Vaccine Research Group, Research Department, Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Camagüey, Cuba
| | - Lourdes González
- Department of Urology, Oncological Hospital Camagüey, Camagüey, Cuba
| | | | - Allelin Alvarez
- Department of Urology, Oncological Hospital Camagüey, Camagüey, Cuba
| | - Hilda Elisa Garay-Pérez
- Department of Immunology, Eduardo Agramonte Piña Pediatric Hospital Camagüey, Camagüey, Cuba
- Synthetic Peptides Group, Division of Biomedical Research, Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
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16
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Lewis SA, Peters B. T-cell epitope discovery and single-cell technologies to advance food allergy research. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:15-20. [PMID: 36411114 PMCID: PMC9825656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is good evidence for a role of T cells in food allergy, but there is a lack of mechanistic understanding and phenotypic markers of the specific T cells contributing to pathology. Recent technologic advancements have allowed for a new experimental paradigm where we can find and pull out rare antigen-specific T cells and characterize them at the single-cell level. However, studies in infectious disease and broader allergy have shown that these techniques benefit greatly from precisely defined T-cell epitopes. Food allergens have fewer epitopes currently available, but it is growing and promises to overcome this gap. With growing use of this experimental design, it will be important to unbiasedly map T-cell phenotypes across food allergy and look for commonalities and contrasts to other allergic and infectious diseases. Once a pathologic phenotype for T cells has been established, the frequencies of these cells can be monitored with simpler techniques that could be applied to the clinic and used in diagnosis, prediction of treatment responsiveness, and discovery of targets for new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sloan A Lewis
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
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17
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Adams R, Osborn G, Mukhia B, Laddach R, Willsmore Z, Chenoweth A, Geh JLC, MacKenzie Ross AD, Healy C, Barber L, Tsoka S, Sanz-Moreno V, Lacy KE, Karagiannis SN. Influencing tumor-associated macrophages in malignant melanoma with monoclonal antibodies. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2127284. [PMID: 36211808 PMCID: PMC9543025 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2127284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for the treatment of melanoma has significantly improved the clinical management of this malignancy over the last decade. Currently approved mAbs for melanoma enhance T cell effector immune responses by blocking immune checkpoint molecules PD-L1/PD-1 and CTLA-4. However, more than half of patients do not benefit from treatment. Targeting the prominent myeloid compartment within the tumor microenvironment, and in particular the ever-abundant tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), may be a promising strategy to complement existing therapies and enhance treatment success. TAMs are a highly diverse and plastic subset of cells whose pro-tumor properties can support melanoma growth, angiogenesis and invasion. Understanding of their diversity, plasticity and multifaceted roles in cancer forms the basis for new promising TAM-centered treatment strategies. There are multiple mechanisms by which macrophages can be targeted with antibodies in a therapeutic setting, including by depletion, inhibition of specific pro-tumor properties, differential polarization to pro-inflammatory states and enhancement of antitumor immune functions. Here, we discuss TAMs in melanoma, their interactions with checkpoint inhibitor antibodies and emerging mAbs targeting different aspects of TAM biology and their potential to be translated to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Adams
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gabriel Osborn
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bipashna Mukhia
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Roman Laddach
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK,Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Bush House, London, UK
| | - Zena Willsmore
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alicia Chenoweth
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Innovation Hub, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jenny L C Geh
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK,Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK
| | | | - Ciaran Healy
- Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy’s, King’s, and St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Linda Barber
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences, King’s College London, Bush House, London, UK
| | | | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Innovation Hub, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK,CONTACT Sophia N Karagiannis St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, Tower Wing, 9th Floor, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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18
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Tonto PB, Nagao M, Suga S, Taniguchi K, Hirayama M, Nakayama T, Kumagai T, Fujisawa T. High prevalence of IgE sensitization to inactivated influenza vaccines, yet robust IgG4 responses, in a healthy pediatric population. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 17:e13053. [PMID: 36086810 PMCID: PMC9835421 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaphylaxis following influenza vaccination is a rare but serious problem. The underlying immune responses are not well understood. This study elucidated the IgE and IgG antibody responses in healthy children and adolescents following inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs). METHODS The efficacy and safety of quadrivalent IIV (QIV) and trivalent IIV (TIV) were compared in healthy subjects aged 0-18 years. Serum IIV-specific IgE, IgG, and IgG4 levels (sIgE, sIgG, and sIgG4) were measured with ImmunoCAP. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was performed for each influenza virus subtype. Sera from earlier patients who developed anaphylaxis to different IIVs were similarly tested. RESULTS A total of 393 subjects were enrolled: 96 were 6 months-2 years old, 100 were 3-5 years old, 100 were 6-12 years old, and 97 were 13-18 years old. No anaphylaxis was observed. Generally, QIV and TIV induced similar antibody responses. IIV-sIgE levels rose significantly after vaccination in the 6 months-2 years old and 3-5 years old groups, did not change in the 6-12 years old group, and decreased in the 13-18 years old group. In contrast, the IIV-sIgG4/sIgE ratio increased significantly after vaccination in all age groups. Sensitized subjects had significantly higher HI titers and IIV-sIgG levels in the youngest age group and higher IIV-sIgG4 levels in all age groups compared with the non-sensitized. The IIV-sIgG4/sIgE ratio in five patients with anaphylaxis was significantly lower than in age-matched healthy subjects. CONCLUSION IIVs induce IgE sensitization in healthy children but also robust IgG4 responses that may protect them from anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Baffour Tonto
- Allergy Center and Infectious Disease CenterNational Hospital Organization Mie National HospitalTsuJapan,Department of Child Health and DevelopmentMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Mizuho Nagao
- Allergy Center and Infectious Disease CenterNational Hospital Organization Mie National HospitalTsuJapan,Department of Child Health and DevelopmentMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Shigeru Suga
- Allergy Center and Infectious Disease CenterNational Hospital Organization Mie National HospitalTsuJapan,Department of Child Health and DevelopmentMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Kiyosu Taniguchi
- Allergy Center and Infectious Disease CenterNational Hospital Organization Mie National HospitalTsuJapan,Department of Child Health and DevelopmentMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Masahiro Hirayama
- Department of PediatricsMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Tetsuo Nakayama
- Omura Satoshi Memorial InstituteKitasato University Graduate School of Infection Control SciencesTokyoJapan
| | | | - Takao Fujisawa
- Allergy Center and Infectious Disease CenterNational Hospital Organization Mie National HospitalTsuJapan,Department of Child Health and DevelopmentMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
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19
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Song Y, Zhou K, Jin C, Qian Z, Hou M, Fan L, Li F, Ding K, Zhou H, Li X, Chen B, Sun X, Song X, Jiang M, Zhang Q, Liu L, Yu G, Hu Y, Zhao Z, Liu L, Xue H, Luo J, He B, Jin X, Zhao M, Li B, Xia Y, Zhu J. Penpulimab for Relapsed or Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Multicenter, Single-Arm, Pivotal Phase I/II Trial (AK105-201). Front Oncol 2022; 12:925236. [PMID: 35875118 PMCID: PMC9301139 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.925236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nearly all anti-PD-1 antibodies are of the IgG4 isotype, and thus possess residual FcR effector functions. Such anti-PD-1 antibodies are also associated with immune tolerance and escape due to instability of the CH3 domain and Fc-Fc interaction. In this trial, we examined the efficacy and safety of penpulimab, a novel IgG1 anti-PD-1 antibody that does not bind to the Fc receptor, in patients with refractory or relapsed classical Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R cHL). Methods Adult patients (≥18 years of age) with R/R cHL received 200 mg penpulimab once biweekly until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities for a maximum of 24 months. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) based on the Independent Radiology Review Committee per Lugano 2014 criteria. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Results A total of 94 patients were enrolled. The median follow-up was 15.8 months. The ORR was 89.4% (95% CI 80.8%, 95.0%) in the full analysis set (85 patients). Forty (47.1%) patients achieved complete remission, 36 (42.4%) patients achieved partial remission. The 12-month PFS rate was 72.1% (95% CI 60.5%, 80.8%) and the 18-month OS rate was 100%. Totally 97.9% (92/94) of patients experienced at least one TRAE. The rate of grade 3 and above TRAEs was 26.6% (25/94). In addition, 51 (54.3%) patients experienced an irAE, and 4 (4.3%) patients developed grade 3 or above irAEs. No irAE-related death occurred. Conclusions Penpulimab was effective and safe in patients with R/R cHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Keshu Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuan Jin
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzi Qian
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kaiyang Ding
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Lymphoma & Hematology Department, Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuhua Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xianmin Song
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guohua Yu
- Clinical Oncology Department, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Ligen Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Xue
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bai He
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | | | - Min Zhao
- Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Baiyong Li
- Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Zhu,
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20
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Huang Z, Pang X, Zhong T, Qu T, Chen N, Ma S, He X, Xia D, Wang M, Xia M, Li B. Penpulimab, an Fc-Engineered IgG1 Anti-PD-1 Antibody, With Improved Efficacy and Low Incidence of Immune-Related Adverse Events. Front Immunol 2022; 13:924542. [PMID: 35833116 PMCID: PMC9272907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.924542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IgG4 anbibodies are deficient in stability and may contribute to tumor-associated escape from immune surveillance. We developed an IgG1 backbone anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody, penpulimab, which is designed to remove crystallizable fragment (Fc) gamma receptor (FcγR) binding that mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and proinflammatory cytokine release. Methods Aggregation of different anti-PD-1 antibodies was tested by size exclusion chromatography, and melting temperature midpoint (Tm) and aggregation temperature onset (Tagg) were also determined. The affinity constants of penpulimab for PD-1 and human FcγRs were measured by surface plasmon resonance and biolayer interferometry. ADCC and ADCP were determined in cellular assays and antibody-dependent cytokine release (ADCR) from human macrophages was detected by ELISA. Binding kinetics of penpulimab to human PD-1 was determined by Biacore, and epitope/paratope mapping of PD-1/penpulimab was investigated using x-ray crystallography. Additionally, patients from six ongoing trials were included for analysis of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Results Penpulimab demonstrated better stability and a lower level of host-cell protein residue compared with IgG4 backbone anti-PD-1 antibodies. As expected, penpulimab exhibited no apparent binding to FcγRIa, FcγRIIa_H131, FcγRIIIa_V158 and FcγRIIIa_F158, elicited no apparent ADCC and ADCP activities, and induced no remarkable IL-6 and IL-8 release by activated macrophages in vitro. Penpulimab was shown in the co-crystal study to bind to human PD-1 N-glycosylation site at N58 and had a slower off-rate from PD-1 versus nivolumab or pembrolizumab. Four hundred sixty-five patients were analyzed for irAEs. Fifteen (3.2%) patients had grade 3 or above irAEs. No death from irAEs was reported. Conclusions IgG1 backbone anti-PD1 antibody penpulimab has a good stability and reduced host cell protein residue, as well as potent binding to the antigen. Fc engineering has eliminated Fc-mediated effector functions of penpulimab including ADCC, ADCP and reduced ADCR, which may contribute to its more favorable safety profile. Clinical Trial Registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: AK105-101: NCT03352531, AK105-201: NCT03722147, AK105-301: NCT03866980, AK105-202:NCT03866967, AK105-203: NCT04172571, AK105-204: NCT04172506.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Huang
- Research and Development Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Xinghua Pang
- Research and Development Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Tingting Zhong
- Research and Development Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Tailong Qu
- Research and Development Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Na Chen
- Research and Development Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Shun Ma
- Chemical Manufacturing and Control Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Xinrong He
- Chemical Manufacturing and Control Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Dennis Xia
- Manufacturing and Quality Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | - Max Wang
- Procurement and Sourcing Department and Clinical Operation Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
| | | | - Baiyong Li
- Research and Development Department, Akeso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, China
- *Correspondence: Baiyong Li,
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21
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Hoshino A, Boutboul D, Zhang Y, Kuehn HS, Hadjadj J, Özdemir N, Celkan T, Walz C, Picard C, Lenoir C, Mahlaoui N, Klein C, Peng X, Azar A, Reigh E, Cheminant M, Fischer A, Rieux-Laucat F, Callebaut I, Hauck F, Milner J, Rosenzweig SD, Latour S. Gain-of-function IKZF1 variants in humans cause immune dysregulation associated with abnormal T/B cell late differentiation. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi7160. [PMID: 35333544 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi7160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IKZF1/IKAROS is a key transcription factor of lymphocyte development expressed throughout hematopoiesis. Heterozygous germline IKZF1 haploinsufficient (IKZF1HI) and dominant-negative (IKZF1DN) variants in humans cause B cell immune deficiency and combined immunodeficiency. Here, we identified previously unidentified heterozygous IKZF1 variants (R183C/H) located in the DNA binding domain in eight individuals with inflammatory, autoimmune, allergic symptoms, and abnormal plasma cell (PC) proliferation. Leukocytes of patients exhibited specific defects including impaired IL-2 production by T cells, T helper (TH) skewing toward TH2, low numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg), eosinophilia, and abnormal PC proliferation. In contrast to IKZF1HI and IKZF1DN, IKZF1R183H/C proteins showed increased DNA binding associated with increased gene expression of TH2 and PC differentiation, thus demonstrating that IKZF1R183H/C behave as gain-of-function (GOF) alleles. In vitro treatment with lenalidomide, known to degrade IKZF1, corrected TH2 and PC abnormalities caused by IKZF1R183H/C. These data extend the spectrum of pathological mechanisms associated with IKZF1 deficiencies and highlight the role of IKZF1 in late lymphoid differentiation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hoshino
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - David Boutboul
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jerôme Hadjadj
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmunity, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nihal Özdemir
- Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tiraje Celkan
- Cerrahpasa Medical University, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christoph Walz
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Capucine Picard
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Christelle Lenoir
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Nizar Mahlaoui
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiao Peng
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology and the Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antoine Azar
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology and the Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erin Reigh
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Morgane Cheminant
- Department of Adult Hematology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmunity, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua Milner
- Department of Pediatrics, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
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22
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Zhang X, Jin X, Guan L, Lin X, Li X, Li Y. IgG4-Related Disease With Gastrointestinal Involvement: Case Reports and Literature Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:816830. [PMID: 35359937 PMCID: PMC8960130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.816830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG4-related disease is an immune-mediated chronic, systemic, and autoinflammatory disease that can affect various organs throughout the body. The most commonly affected areas are the pancreas and biliary system. Due to the diverse clinical manifestations of the disease, it affects widely distributed organs. Thus, it is often easy to misdiagnose or miss. The digestive tract is a rarely affected system, and most IgG4-related gastric diseases manifest as tumors detected by endoscopy. This article reports two special cases with IgG4-related disease involving atrophic gastritis and intestinal polyps to provide a more empirical and theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Guan
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuyong Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuedan Li
- Radiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiling Li
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yiling Li,
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23
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El-Qutob D, Letrán A, Matheu V, Fernandez-Caldas E. Cancer: Still a contraindication for allergen immunotherapy?: Specific immunotherapy and cancer. World Allergy Organ J 2021; 14:100597. [PMID: 34786035 PMCID: PMC8526768 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is currently more than 100 years old. It is considered an evidence-based efficacious immune therapeutical treatment. It is at this time the only causative treatment for allergic respiratory and venom allergic diseases. Though clinical indications for AIT are well established, clinical contraindications to AIT differ among several guidelines. Regarding malignant neoplasia, traditionally, it has been considered as a relative or absolute contraindication with the concern that AIT might stimulate tumour growth even though pathogenic impact of AIT in cancer is not well understood. Furthermore, this contraindication is often based on observational case series, or case reports, with little real evidence-based data. Therefore, should cancer still be contemplated as an absolute contraindication for AIT?
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Affiliation(s)
- David El-Qutob
- Allergy Unit, University Hospital of La Plana, Vila-real, Spain
- Corresponding author
| | - Antonio Letrán
- Allergy Unit, Hospital HLA Jerez Puerta del Sur, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Victor Matheu
- Service of Allergology, University Hospital of Canarias, Spain
| | - Enrique Fernandez-Caldas
- Inmunotek SL, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
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24
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Pastori C, Galli L, Siracusano G, Spagnuolo V, Muccini C, Mastrangelo A, Bruzzesi E, Ranzenigo M, Chiurlo M, Castagna A, Lopalco L. Serum IgG1 and IgG4 could contribute to partial control of viral rebound in chronically HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS 2021; 35:1549-1559. [PMID: 33993130 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have investigated chronically infected individuals after antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption (ATI, analytical therapy interruption); thus, we investigated the association between some HIV-specific antibodies and viral control. DESIGN All enrolled patients were previously described in the APACHE study. Briefly, the study was conducted on HIV-1 chronically infected patients, with HIV-RNA less than 50 copies/ml for at least 10 years, CD4+ cell count greater than 500 cells/μl and HIV-DNA less than 100 copies/106 PBMC. The ART regimen in use at the time of ATI was resumed at confirmed viral rebound (CVR, defined as two consecutive HIV-RNA >50 copies/ml). METHODS Collection of sera and analysis of both binding antibodies (BAbs) and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) was performed at three different time points: ATI, CVR and time of viral re-suppression after ART resumption. RESULTS IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) from the four patients with highest levels of neutralization were found to block viral infection. All patients had CVR after ATI at a median time of 21 days (14-56). After ART resumption, all the enrolled patients achieved HIV-RNA less than 50 copies/ml in 42 days (21-98). We observed a strong increase of either BAbs and NAbs titers from ATI to viral re-suppression in one patient, who showed the longest period of virus undetectability during ATI. In this patient, BAbs and NAbs specifically belonged to both IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses, directed to env antigen. CONCLUSION env-specific NAbs and BAbs belonging to IgG1, IgG4 subclasses could be helpful to monitor long-term responses able to control virus replication and eradicate HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pastori
- Immunobiology of HIV, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute
| | - Laura Galli
- Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute
| | - Gabriel Siracusano
- Immunobiology of HIV, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonella Castagna
- Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Immunobiology of HIV, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute
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25
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Noel JC, Berin MC. Role of innate immunity and myeloid cells in susceptibility to allergic disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1499:42-53. [PMID: 34159612 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases, including asthma, food allergy, eczema, and allergic rhinitis, are common diseases increasing in prevalence. Allergy, a failure of immune tolerance to innocuous environmental allergens, is characterized by allergen-specific immune responses, including IgE antibodies and T helper and T follicular helper cells producing type 2 cytokines. Despite the central role of adaptive immunity in pathophysiology of allergy, there is a growing body of evidence indicating an important role for the innate immune system in allergic disease. In this review, we focus on epithelial-mononuclear phagocyte communication in the control of allergy and tolerance. We discuss studies on early life environmental exposures and allergy susceptibility, and the evidence for innate training of mononuclear phagocytes as the mechanistic link between exposure and health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine C Noel
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - M Cecilia Berin
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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26
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Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in an Asymptomatic Pediatric Allergic Cohort. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10020022. [PMID: 34199430 PMCID: PMC8293035 DOI: 10.3390/antib10020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease-specific COVID-19 pediatric comorbidity has not been studied effectively to date. Atopy and food anaphylaxis disease states require improved characterization of SARS-CoV-2 infection risk. To provide the first such characterization, we assessed serum samples of a highly atopic, food anaphylactic, asymptomatic pediatric cohort from across the US during the height of the pandemic. From our biobank, 172 pediatric patient serum samples were characterized specific to atopic, food anaphylactic, and immunologic markers in the US at the beginning of the pandemic, from 1 February to 20 April 2020. Clinical and demographic data were further analyzed in addition to sample analysis for SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG ELISA. SARS-CoV-2 antibody results were positive in six patients (4%). Nearly half of the pediatric patients had a history of asthma (49%). Total IgE, total IgG, and IgG1-3 were similar in those positive and negative to SARS-CoV-2. Median total IgG4 in the SARS-CoV-2 positive group was nearly three times (p-value = 0.02) that of the negative group. Atopy controller medications did not confer additional benefit. Our data suggest that food anaphylaxis and highly atopic children are not at increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. This specific population appears either at equal or potentially less risk than the general population. Total and specific IgG4 may be a novel predictor of SARS-CoV-2 infection risk specific to the allergic pediatric population.
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Induction of food tolerance is dependent on intestinal inflammatory state. Immunol Lett 2021; 234:33-43. [PMID: 33915190 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are usually managed by food avoidance. Hidden allergens in food, due to cross-contamination and/or allergenic additives added during production, place an important concern in today's increasing food allergy cases worldwide. Previous studies showed that the introduction of unacquainted food components, in an inflamed intestine, results in sensitization to this food. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the kinetics of multiple food allergy induction. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups, four of which were submitted to an intestinal inflammation induction protocol to peanuts. Egg white (OVA) diluted 1:5 v/v in distilled water was instilled by gavage 6h-before (PRIOR), concomitant (AT) and 6h-after (DURING) the onset of the peanut challenge diet. Positive control (POS CONT) and NEG CONT received saline per gavage. Finally, animals were challenged with subcutaneous injections of OVA. Results showed no changes in diet intake were observed. Anti-OVA polyisotypic IgG antibody titers significantly increased in AT. Flow cytometry revealed significant decrease in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and significant increase in TCD8+ in AT. Histomorphometrically, AT and DURING were classified as Infiltrative and Partial Destruction stages. PRIOR was classified as Infiltrative, while POS CONT was classified as Partial Destruction. NEG CONT was classified as Normal. Together, our results confirm that the introduction of unfamiliar food only a few hours before the initiation of a gut inflammation process is able to induce oral tolerance, however the introduction of a dietary protein concomitant to the onset or during an ongoing gut inflammation may induce multiple allergies.
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Nishikori A, Nishimura Y, Shibata R, Ohshima KI, Gion Y, Ikeda T, Nishimura MF, Yoshino T, Sato Y. Upregulated Expression of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase in Ocular Adnexal Marginal Zone Lymphoma with IgG4-Positive Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084083. [PMID: 33920932 PMCID: PMC8071226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic disorder characterized by tissue fibrosis and intense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, causing progressive organ dysfunction. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a deaminase normally expressed in activated B-cells in germinal centers, edits ribonucleotides to induce somatic hypermutation and class switching of immunoglobulin. While AID expression is strictly controlled under physiological conditions, chronic inflammation has been noted to induce its upregulation to propel oncogenesis. We examined AID expression in IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD; n = 16), marginal zone lymphoma with IgG4-positive cells (IgG4+ MZL; n = 11), and marginal zone lymphoma without IgG4-positive cells (IgG4- MZL; n = 12) of ocular adnexa using immunohistochemical staining. Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly higher AID-intensity index in IgG4-ROD and IgG4+ MZL than IgG4- MZL (p < 0.001 and = 0.001, respectively). The present results suggest that IgG4-RD has several specific causes of AID up-regulation in addition to inflammation, and AID may be a driver of oncogenesis in IgG4-ROD to IgG4+ MZL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Nishikori
- Division of Pathophysiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (A.N.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yoshito Nishimura
- Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +81-86-235-7150 (Y.S.); Fax: +81-86-235-7156 (Y.S.)
| | - Rei Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.F.N.); (T.Y.)
| | - Koh-ichi Ohshima
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Center, Okayama 701-1192, Japan;
| | - Yuka Gion
- Division of Pathophysiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (A.N.); (Y.G.)
| | - Tomoka Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.F.N.); (T.Y.)
| | - Midori Filiz Nishimura
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.F.N.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.F.N.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yasuharu Sato
- Division of Pathophysiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (A.N.); (Y.G.)
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (R.S.); (T.I.); (M.F.N.); (T.Y.)
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +81-86-235-7150 (Y.S.); Fax: +81-86-235-7156 (Y.S.)
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Alsamraae M, Cook LM. Emerging roles for myeloid immune cells in bone metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:413-425. [PMID: 33855680 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis, especially bone metastasis, is a major cause of cancer-related deaths, which is associated with long-term pain due to skeletal-related events and poor quality of life. Tumor cells alter the bone microenvironment through aberrant activation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts which induces bone osteolysis and release of growth factors leading to cancer growth. Though this phenomenon has been well characterized, bone-targeted therapies have shown little improvement in patient survival. Recent evidence indicates a growing appreciation for the complex bone environment, in addition to bone-remodeling stromal cells, which includes an abundance of myeloid immune cells that can either protect against or contribute to the progression of the disease within the bone cavity. Additionally, myeloid cells are recruited into primary tumor sites, where they promote development of the pre-metastatic niche and also can regulate tumor progression within the tumor-bone microenvironment through a milieu of complex mechanisms and involving heterogeneous myeloid populations. In this review, we have highlighted the complex roles of myeloid immunity in bone metastasis and hope to bring attention to the potential of novel immunotherapeutic interventions for the elimination of bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massar Alsamraae
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA
| | - Leah M Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA. .,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Tanaka T, Nanamiya R, Takei J, Nakamura T, Yanaka M, Hosono H, Sano M, Asano T, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Development of Anti-Mouse CC Chemokine Receptor 8 Monoclonal Antibodies for Flow Cytometry. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2021; 40:65-70. [PMID: 33900818 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2021.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CC chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) belongs to the class A of G protein-coupled receptor. It is highly expressed on Treg and T helper 2 (TH2) cells recruited to the inflammation site and is implicated in allergy and asthma. Recently, CCR8+Treg cells have been suggested to be a master regulator in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment; therefore, developing sensitive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for CCR8 has been desired. This study established a specific and sensitive mAb for mouse CCR8 (mCCR8), which is useful for flow cytometry by using the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening (CBIS) method. The established anti-mCCR8 mAb, C8Mab-2 (rat IgG2b, kappa), reacted with mCCR8-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO/mCCR8) cells and P388 (mouse lymphoid neoplasma) or J774-1 (mouse macrophage-like) cells, which express endogenous mCCR8 by flow cytometry. C8Mab-2, which was established by the CBIS method, could be useful for elucidating the mCCR8-related biological response by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ren Nanamiya
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Takei
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Miyuki Yanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Hosono
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masato Sano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Barshow SM, Kulis MD, Burks AW, Kim EH. Mechanisms of oral immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:527-535. [PMID: 33417257 PMCID: PMC9362513 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy presents a significant global health concern with up to 10% of the population affected in developed nations and a steadily increasing prevalence. In many cases, particularly with peanut, tree nut and shellfish, food allergy is a lifelong and potentially life-threatening diagnosis. While no 'cure' for IgE-mediated food allergy exists, oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising treatment modality with the peanut OIT drug Palforzia (Aimmune Therapeutics) the only treatment for food allergy that is currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. OIT primarily induces a state of desensitization with only a minority of subjects achieving sustained unresponsiveness, a state of limited clinical remission that appears to be immunologically distinct from natural tolerance. Early humoural changes during OIT include an initial increase in allergen-specific IgE, which eventually decreases to below baseline levels as OIT progresses, and a gradual increase in allergen-specific IgA and IgG4 that continues throughout the course of OIT. Basophil hyporesponsiveness and decreased skin prick test wheal size are observed within the first year of OIT, and persistence after completion of therapy has been associated with sustained unresponsiveness. In the T-cell compartment, there is an initial expansion followed by a decline in the number and activity of T helper 2 (TH 2) cells, the latter of which may be dependent on an expansion of IL-10-producing cells, including regulatory T-cells. Our understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of OIT continues to evolve, with new technologies such as single-cell transcriptional profiling and antibody epitope analysis allowing for more detailed study of T-cell and B-cell responses to OIT. In this review, we present evidence to illustrate what is currently known about the immunologic changes induced by OIT, explore potential mechanisms and emphasize knowledge gaps where future research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Barshow
- University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael D Kulis
- University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Wesley Burks
- University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Edwin H Kim
- University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Jensen-Jarolim E, Roth-Walter F, Jordakieva G, Pali-Schöll I. Allergens and Adjuvants in Allergen Immunotherapy for Immune Activation, Tolerance, and Resilience. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:1780-1789. [PMID: 33753052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only setting in which a vaccine is applied in patients allergic exactly to the active principle in the vaccine. Therefore, AIT products need to be not only effective but also safe. In Europe, for subcutaneous AIT, this has been achieved by the allergoid strategy in which IgE epitopes are destroyed or masked. In addition, adjuvants physically precipitate the allergen at the injection site to prevent too rapid systemic distribution. The choice of adjuvant critically shapes the efficacy and type of immune response to the injected allergen. In contrast to TH2-promoting adjuvants, others clearly counteract allergy. Marketed products in Europe are formulated with aluminum hydroxide (alum) (66.7%), microcrystalline tyrosine (16.7%), calcium phosphate (11.1%), or the TH1 adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (5.6%). In contrast to the European practice, in the United States mostly nonadjuvanted extracts and no allergoids are used for subcutaneous AIT, highlighting not only a regulatory but maybe a "historic preference." Sublingual AIT in the form of drops or tablets is currently applied worldwide without adjuvants, usually with higher safety but lower patient adherence than subcutaneous AIT. This article will discuss how AIT and adjuvants modulate the immune response in the treated patient toward immune activation, modulation, or-with new developments in the pipeline-immune resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Franziska Roth-Walter
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Pali-Schöll
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Jordakieva G, Bianchini R, Reichhold D, Piehslinger J, Groschopf A, Jensen SA, Mearini E, Nocentini G, Crevenna R, Zlabinger GJ, Karagiannis SN, Klaus A, Jensen-Jarolim E. IgG4 induces tolerogenic M2-like macrophages and correlates with disease progression in colon cancer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1880687. [PMID: 33628623 PMCID: PMC7889146 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1880687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG4 subclass antibodies are expressed in alternative Th2 environments featuring high IL-10 expression, including several solid tumors such as melanoma. To induce tolerance, allergen immunotherapy mediates antibody class switching from pro-inflammatory IgE to anti-inflammatory IgG4. We previously reported that IgG4 drives allergic M2 macrophages toward tolerogenic states. Here we assessed the roles of IgG4 and macrophage activation in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this observer-blinded, case-control study, we analyzed total circulating serum IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 levels in CRC (n = 38) patients with (n = 13, TxNxM1) or without (n = 25, TxNxM0) metastasis, and in healthy donors (n = 21). Primary cultures of circulating monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy controls and CRC patients were further evaluated in their responses to stimulation with IgG1 or IgG4. We found higher absolute serum levels of IgG4 in patients with CRC. IgG4 enabled polarization of macrophages derived from CRC patients and healthy controls into alternatively-activated tolerogenic M2b phenotypes. IgG4-stimulated M2 macrophages were characterized by lower surface CD206, CD163, CD14, and CD11b expression and higher CCL-1, IL-10, and IL-6 production. IgG4 was less potent that IgG1 in triggering antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) of cancer cells. Further, higher z-normalized IgG4/-IgE sera level ratios correlated with the presence of metastasis (p = .0247 and p = .0009, respectively) in CRC patients. High IgG4 in CRC synergizes with macrophages in shaping an immunosuppressive microenvironment and impairs anti-cancer effector cell functions. The shift of serum IgG4/IgE ratios toward enhanced tolerance induction in metastatic disease indicates a role for high IgG4 in disease progression and poor prognostic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Unit of Comparative Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Institute Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Division of Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Reichhold
- Department of General Surgery, Barmherzige Schwestern Krankenhaus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Piehslinger
- Department of General Surgery, Barmherzige Schwestern Krankenhaus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Groschopf
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Unit of Comparative Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Institute Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Division of Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- FH Campus Wien, Department of Health Science, Section of Biomedical Analytics, University of Applied Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian A. Jensen
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ettore Mearini
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Urology Clinic of Perugia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J. Zlabinger
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - Alexander Klaus
- Department of General Surgery, Barmherzige Schwestern Krankenhaus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine, the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Unit of Comparative Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Institute Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Division of Comparative Immunology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Obatake M, Sato K, Yagi S, Ohtani H, Kito K. IgG4-related gastric disease with plasma cell-rich obliterative arteritis accompanied by early-stage gastric cancer: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2021; 7:40. [PMID: 33544303 PMCID: PMC7865033 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-021-01126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder that can involve multiple organs. It is characterized by IgG4-positive plasma cell-rich storiform fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis associated with a high serum IgG4 level. There are few reports of gastric IgG4-RD, especially those detected prior to systemic or other organ involvement. Case presentation: A 70-year-old man was diagnosed with type 0–IIc gastric cancer at the anterior wall of the gastric corpus by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In addition, a submucosal tumor (SMT) 7 mm in diameter was found at the greater curvature of the angulus. Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with regional lymph node dissection was performed. Pathology revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in the type 0–IIc lesion and storiform fibrosis with infiltration of a large number of IgG4-positive plasma cells in the SMT. Postoperative laboratory testing showed elevation of serum IgG4 levels; thus, we diagnosed the SMT as IgG4-RD. Intriguingly, the gastric IgG4-RD lesion demonstrated IgG4-positive plasma cell-rich arteritis as well as typical obstructive phlebitis. The patient has been followed for 2 years after surgery without recurrence of cancer, but skin lesions of IgG4-RD have appeared. Conclusion We report a rare case of IgG4-RD presenting as a gastric SMT, accompanied by early-stage gastric cancer. Our case may support a newly proposed relationship between IgG4-RD and malignancies. The gastric IgG4-RD lesion showed arteritis as well as obliterative phlebitis, potentially providing novel insight into IgG4-related vascular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Obatake
- Department of Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, 83 Kasugamachi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-0024, Japan.
| | - Koichi Sato
- Department of Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, 83 Kasugamachi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-0024, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, 83 Kasugamachi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-0024, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ohtani
- Department of Surgery, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, 83 Kasugamachi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-0024, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kito
- Department of Pathology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Ehime, Japan
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V. Cruz A, B. Camacho M, Cunha B, Alkatan H, Xavier N. Plasma cell IgG4 positivity in orbital biopsies of non-IgG4-related conditions. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2021; 35:193-197. [PMID: 35601849 PMCID: PMC9116107 DOI: 10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_91_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic condition defined as a fibro-inflammatory disorder, characterized by the occurrence of tumor-like lesions in multiple organs including the eye adnexa. The main diagnostic criterion is based on histopathological findings, especially on the IgG4+/IgG+ plasma cell ratio. In this article, we reviewed the literature of non-IgG4-RD orbital conditions with IgG4 positivity. There were 20 reports of inflammatory non-IgG4-RD orbital lesions and 14 reports of orbital lymphoid proliferations with significant IgG4 positivity. The role of plasma cells IgG4 in the pathogenesis of non-IgG4-RD is not clear. Considering the large spectrum of diseases caused by a variety of different etiopathogenic mechanisms, we think that the common denominator of IgG4+ in these conditions might be related to the peculiar properties of down regulation of immune response of the IgG4 and not to a specific link to IgG4-RD.
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Pellefigues C. IgE Autoreactivity in Atopic Dermatitis: Paving the Road for Autoimmune Diseases? Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E47. [PMID: 32911788 PMCID: PMC7551081 DOI: 10.3390/antib9030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease affecting 20% of the population beginning usually before one year of age. It is associated with the emergence of allergen-specific IgE, but also with autoreactive IgE, whose function remain elusive. This review discusses current knowledge relevant to the mechanisms, which leads to the secretion of autoreactive IgE and to the potential function of these antibodies in AD. Multiple autoantigens have been described to elicit an IgE-dependent response in this context. This IgE autoimmunity starts in infancy and is associated with disease severity. Furthermore, the overall prevalence of autoreactive IgE to multiple auto-antigens is high in AD patients. IgE-antigen complexes can promote a facilitated antigen presentation, a skewing of the adaptive response toward type 2 immunity, and a chronic skin barrier dysfunction and inflammation in patients or AD models. In AD, skin barrier defects and the atopic immune environment facilitate allergen sensitization and the development of other IgE-mediated allergic diseases in a process called the atopic march. AD is also associated epidemiologically with several autoimmune diseases showing autoreactive IgE secretion. Thus, a potential outcome of IgE autoreactivity in AD could be the development of further autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Pellefigues
- INSERM UMRS1149-CNRS ERL8252, Team «Basophils and Mast cells in Immunopathology», Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation (CRI), Inflamex, DHU Fire, Université de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
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