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Liu Y, Li D, Liu Y, Wang J, Liu C. Genome-Wide Identification and Evolution-Profiling Analysis of TPS Gene Family in Triticum Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8546. [PMID: 39126114 PMCID: PMC11312503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids play a crucial role in plant growth and development, as well as in regulating resistance mechanisms. Terpene synthase (TPS) serves as the final step in the synthesis process of terpenoids. However, a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the TPS gene family in Triticum plants had not previously been systematically undertaken. In this study, a total of 531 TPS members were identified in Triticum plants. The evolutionary tree divided the TPS proteins into five subfamilies: Group1, Group2, Group3, Group4, and Group5. The results of the duplication events analysis showed that TD and WGD were major driving forces during the evolution of the TPS family. The cis-element analysis showed that the TPS genes were related to plant growth and development and environmental stress. Moreover, the GO annotation displayed that the biological function of TPS was relatively conserved in wheat plants. The RNA-seq data showed that the rice and wheat TPS genes responded to low-temperature stress and exhibited significantly different expression patterns. This research shed light on the functions of TPSs in responding to abiotic stress and demonstrated their modulatory potential during root development. These findings provide a foundation for further and deeper investigation of the TPSs' functions in Triticum plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Dongyang Li
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China;
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China;
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2
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Chen B, Wang JY, Zheng PJ, Li KL, Liang YM, Chen XF, Zhang C, Zhao X, He X, Zhang GQ, Liu ZJ, Xu Q. Dendrobium thyrsiflorum genome and its molecular insights into genes involved in important horticultural traits. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38900648 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- BingJie Chen
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pei-Ji Zheng
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang-Li Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Min Liang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Chen
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuewei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin He
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Skymo Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Limited Company, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Xu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Jiang L, Chen S, Wang X, Sen L, Dong G, Song C, Liu Y. An improved genome assembly of Chrysanthemum nankingense reveals expansion and functional diversification of terpene synthase gene family. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:593. [PMID: 38867153 PMCID: PMC11170872 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terpenes are important components of plant aromas, and terpene synthases (TPSs) are the key enzymes driving terpene diversification. In this study, we characterized the volatile terpenes in five different Chrysanthemum nankingense tissues. In addition, genome-wide identification and expression analysis of TPS genes was conducted utilizing an improved chromosome-scale genome assembly and tissue-specific transcriptomes. The biochemical functions of three representative TPSs were also investigated. RESULTS We identified tissue-specific volatile organic compound (VOC) and volatile terpene profiles. The improved Chrysanthemum nankingense genome assembly was high-quality, including a larger assembled size (3.26 Gb) and a better contig N50 length (3.18 Mb) compared to the old version. A total of 140 CnTPS genes were identified, with the majority representing the TPS-a and TPS-b subfamilies. The chromosomal distribution of these TPS genes was uneven, and 26 genes were included in biosynthetic gene clusters. Closely-related Chrysanthemum taxa were also found to contain diverse TPS genes, and the expression profiles of most CnTPSs were tissue-specific. The three investigated CnTPS enzymes exhibited versatile activities, suggesting multifunctionality. CONCLUSIONS We systematically characterized the structure and diversity of TPS genes across the Chrysanthemum nankingense genome, as well as the potential biochemical functions of representative genes. Our results provide a basis for future studies of terpene biosynthesis in chrysanthemums, as well as for the breeding of improved chrysanthemum varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan No.1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine), Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Sen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangqiang Dong
- Amway (China) Botanical R&D Center, Wuxi, 214115, P.R. China
| | - Chi Song
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yifei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Hubei, 430065, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Li X, Liu L, Chu J, Wei G, Li J, Sun X, Fan H. Functional characterization of terpene synthases SmTPS1 involved in floral scent formation in Salvia miltiorrhiza. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 221:114045. [PMID: 38460781 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Plants attract beneficial insects and promote pollination by releasing floral scents. Salvia miltiorrhiza, as an insect-pollinated flowering plant, which has been less studied for its floral aroma substances. This study revealed that S. miltiorrhiza flowers produce various volatile terpenoids, including five monoterpenes and ten sesquiterpenes, with the sesquiterpene compound (E)-β-caryophyllene being the most abundant, accounting for 28.1% of the total volatile terpenoids. Y-tube olfactometer experiments were conducted on the primary pollinator of S. miltiorrhiza, the Apis ceranas. The results indicated that (E)-β-caryophyllene compound had an attractive effect on the Apis ceranas. By comparing the homologous sequences with the genes of (E)-β-caryophyllene terpene synthases in other plants, the SmTPS1 gene was selected for further experiment. Subcellular localization experiments showed SmTPS1 localized in the cytoplasm, and its in vitro enzyme assay revealed that it could catalyze FPP into β-Elemene, (E)-β-caryophyllene and α-Humulene. Overexpression of SmTPS1 in S. miltiorrhiza resulted in a 5.29-fold increase in gene expression. The GC-MS analysis revealed a significant increase in the concentration of (E)-β-caryophyllene in the transgenic plants, with levels 2.47-fold higher compared to the empty vector plants. Furthermore, Y-tube olfactometer experiments showed that the transgenic plants were significantly more attractive to Apis ceranas compared to the empty vector plants. Co-expression analysis suggested that four SmMYCs (SmMYC1, SmMYC5, SmMYC10, and SmMYC11) may be involved in the transcriptional regulation of SmTPS1. The yeast one-hybrid screen and the Dual luciferase assay indicated that SmMYC10 positively regulates the expression of SmTPS1. In conclusion, this study lays a foundation for the functional analysis and transcriptional regulation of terpene synthase genes in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jin Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Guo Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiaxue Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xu Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Honghong Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Lu X, Bai J, Tian Z, Li C, Ahmed N, Liu X, Cheng J, Lu L, Cai J, Jiang H, Wang W. Cyclization mechanism of monoterpenes catalyzed by monoterpene synthases in dipterocarpaceae. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:11-18. [PMID: 38173809 PMCID: PMC10758623 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenoids are typically present in the secretory tissues of higher plants, and their biosynthesis is catalyzed by the action of monoterpene synthases (MTSs). However, the knowledge about these enzymes is restricted in a few plant species. MTSs are responsible for the complex cyclization of monoterpene precursors, resulting in the production of diverse monoterpene products. These enzymatic reactions are considered exceptionally complex in nature. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the catalytic mechanism of MTSs to elucidate their ability to produce diverse or specific monoterpenoid products. In our study, we analyzed thirteen genomes of Dipterocarpaceae and identified 38 MTSs that generate a variety of monoterpene products. By focusing on four MTSs with different product spectra and analyzing the formation mechanism of acyclic, monocyclic and bicyclic products in MTSs, we observed that even a single amino acid mutation can change the specificity and diversity of MTS products, which is due to the synergistic effect between the shape of the active cavity and the stabilization of carbon-positive intermediates that the mutation changing. Notably, residues N340, I448, and phosphoric acid groups were found to be significant contributors to the stabilization of intermediate terpinyl and pinene cations. Alterations in these residues, either directly or indirectly, can impact the synthesis of single monoterpenes or their mixtures. By revealing the role of key residues in the catalytic process and establishing the interaction model between specific residues and complex monoterpenes in MTSs, it will be possible to reasonably design and engineer different catalytic activities into existing MTSs, laying a foundation for the artificial design and industrial application of MTSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Lu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Zunzhe Tian
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, China
| | - Congyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Nida Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Lina Lu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, China
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, China
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6
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Zhao Q, Zhang M, Gu L, Yang Z, Li Y, Luo J, Zhang Y. Transcriptome and volatile compounds analyses of floral development provide insight into floral scent formation in Paeonia lactiflora 'Wu Hua Long Yu'. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1303156. [PMID: 38434428 PMCID: PMC10904628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1303156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora) is a well-known ornamental plant in China, celebrated for its beautiful flowers that can emit fragrances. However, exact molecular mechanisms governing synthesis of floral volatiles within herbaceous peony remain unclear. To address this gap in knowledge, our study focused on analyzing the transcriptome and the levels of floral volatile compounds in P. lactiflora 'Wu Hua Long Yu' at different stages of flower development. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we obtained eighteen major volatile compounds, with monoterpenes being the dominant components among them. Our transcriptome analysis, based on pooled sequencing data, revealed the most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) existed between stages S1 and S3 of flower development. Among these DEGs, we identified 89 functional genes associated with the synthesis of volatile monoterpenes, with 28 of these genes showing a positive correlation with the release of monoterpenes. Specifically, key regulators of monoterpene synthesis in herbaceous peony appear to be 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), geranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GPPS), and terpene synthase (TPS). Additionally, our study identified some transcription factors (TFs) that may be involved in the biosynthesis of monoterpenes. These discoveries offer invaluable illumination into the intricate molecular underpinnings orchestrating the generation of floral fragrances in herbaceous peonies, and they offer a foundation for further research to identify and utilize candidate gene resources for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lina Gu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jianrang Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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7
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Li D, Liu L, Li X, Wei G, Cai Y, Sun X, Fan H. DoAP2/ERF89 activated the terpene synthase gene DoPAES in Dendrobium officinale and participated in the synthesis of β-patchoulene. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16760. [PMID: 38250724 PMCID: PMC10800100 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a tonic plant that has both ornamental and medicinal properties. Terpenoids are significant and diverse secondary metabolites in plants, and are one of the important natural active ingredients in D. officinale. The AP2/ERF gene family plays a major role in primary and secondary metabolism. However, the AP2/ERF transcription factor family has not been identified in D. officinale, and it is unclear if it is involved in the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis. This study identified a sesquiterpene synthetase-β-patchoulene synthase (DoPAES) using transcriptome and terpenic metabolic profile analyses. A total of 111 members of the AP2/ERF family were identified through the whole genome of D. officinale. The tissue-specific expression and gene co-expression pattern of the DoAP2/ERF family members were analyzed. The results showed that the expression of DoPAES was highly correlated with the expression of DoAP2/ERF89 and DoAP2/ERF47. The yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays and dual-luciferase experiments demonstrated that DoAP2/ERF89 and DoAP2/ERF47 could regulate the expression of DoPAES. The transcriptional regulatory effects were examined using homologous transient expression of DoAP2/ERF89 in protocorms of D. officinale. DoAP2/ERF89 positively regulated the biosynthesis of β-patchoulene. This study showed that DoAP2/ERF89 can bind to the promoter region of DoPAES to control its expression and further regulate the biosynthesis of β-patchoulene in D. officinale. These results provide new insights on the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guo Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongping Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Honghong Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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8
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Zhao Y, Chen Y, Gao M, Wu L, Wang Y. LcMYB106 suppresses monoterpene biosynthesis by negatively regulating LcTPS32 expression in Litsea cubeba. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:2150-2161. [PMID: 37682081 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Litsea cubeba, the core species of the Lauraceae family, is valuable for the production of essential oils due to its high concentration of monoterpenes (90%). The key monoterpene synthase and metabolic regulatory network of monoterpene biosynthesis have provided new insights for improving essential oil content. However, there are few studies on the regulation mechanism of monoterpenes in L. cubeba. In this study, we investigated LcTPS32, a member of the TPS-b subfamily, and identified its function as an enzyme for the synthesis of monoterpenes, including geraniol, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, linalool and eucalyptol. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that LcTPS32 was highly expressed in the fruits of L. cubeba and contributed to the characteristic flavor of its essential oil. Overexpression of LcTPS32 resulted in a significant increase in the production of monoterpenes in L. cubeba by activating both the MVA and MEP pathways. Additionally, the study revealed that LcMYB106 played a negative regulatory role in monoterpenes biosynthesis by directly binding to the promoter of LcTPS32. Our study indicates that LcMYB106 could serve as a crucial target for metabolic engineering endeavors, aiming at enhancing the monoterpene biosynthesis in L. cubeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Daqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Daqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Daqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Daqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Yangdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Daqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
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9
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Yan XM, Zhou SS, Liu H, Zhao SW, Tian XC, Shi TL, Bao YT, Li ZC, Jia KH, Nie S, Guo JF, Kong L, Porth IM, Mao JF. Unraveling the evolutionary dynamics of the TPS gene family in land plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1273648. [PMID: 37900760 PMCID: PMC10600500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1273648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes and terpenoids are key natural compounds for plant defense, development, and composition of plant oil. The synthesis and accumulation of a myriad of volatile terpenoid compounds in these plants may dramatically alter the quality and flavor of the oils, which provide great commercial utilization value for oil-producing plants. Terpene synthases (TPSs) are important enzymes responsible for terpenic diversity. Investigating the differentiation of the TPS gene family could provide valuable theoretical support for the genetic improvement of oil-producing plants. While the origin and function of TPS genes have been extensively studied, the exact origin of the initial gene fusion event - it occurred in plants or microbes - remains uncertain. Furthermore, a comprehensive exploration of the TPS gene differentiation is still pending. Here, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the fusion of the TPS gene likely occurred in the ancestor of land plants, following the acquisition of individual C- and N- terminal domains. Potential mutual transfer of TPS genes was observed among microbes and plants. Gene synteny analysis disclosed a differential divergence pattern between TPS-c and TPS-e/f subfamilies involved in primary metabolism and those (TPS-a/b/d/g/h subfamilies) crucial for secondary metabolites. Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) analysis suggested a correlation between lineage divergence and potential natural selection in structuring terpene diversities. This study provides fresh perspectives on the origin and evolution of the TPS gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Yan
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Shuangyushu No.1 Primary School, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Wei Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Chan Tian
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Le Shi
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tao Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Hua Jia
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Nie
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Fang Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Department of Horticulture and Food, Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Kong
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Personnel Section, Qufu Nishan National Forest Park Management Service Center, Qufu, China
| | - Ilga M. Porth
- Départment des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt, Faculté de Foresterie, de Géographie et Géomatique, Université Laval Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jian-Feng Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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10
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Xia C, Zuo Y, Xue T, Kang M, Zhang H, Zhang X, Wang B, Zhang J, Deng H. The genetic structure and demographic history revealed by whole-genome resequencing provide insights into conservation of critically endangered Artocarpus nanchuanensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1224308. [PMID: 37575939 PMCID: PMC10415164 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1224308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Whole-genome resequencing technology covers almost all nucleotide variations in the genome, which makes it possible to carry out conservation genomics research on endangered species at the whole-genome level. Methods In this study, based on the whole-genome resequencing data of 101 critically endangered Artocarpus nanchuanensis individuals, we evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure, inferred the demographic history and genetic load, predicted the potential distributions in the past, present and future, and classified conservation units to propose targeted suggestions for the conservation of this critically endangered species. Results Whole-genome resequencing for A. nanchuanensis generated approximately 2 Tb of data. Based on abundant mutation sites (25,312,571 single nucleotide polymorphisms sites), we revealed that the average genetic diversity (nucleotide diversity, π) of different populations of A. nanchuanensis was relatively low compared with other trees that have been studied. And we also revealed that the NHZ and QJT populations harboured unique genetic backgrounds and were significantly separated from the other five populations. In addition, positive genetic selective signals, significantly enriched in biological processes related to terpene synthesis, were identified in the NHZ population. The analysis of demographic history of A. nanchuanensis revealed the existence of three genetic bottleneck events. Moreover, abundant genetic loads (48.56% protein-coding genes) were identified in Artocarpus nanchuanensis, especially in genes related to early development and immune function of plants. The predication analysis of suitable habitat areas indicated that the past suitable habitat areas shifted from the north to the south due to global temperature decline. However, in the future, the actual distribution area of A. nanchuanensis will still maintain high suitability. Discussion Based on total analyses, we divided the populations of A. nanchuanensis into four conservation units and proposed a number of practical management suggestions for each conservation unit. Overall, our study provides meaningful guidance for the protection of A. nanchuanensis and important insight into conservation genomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Xia
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youwei Zuo
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiantian Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binru Wang
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongping Deng
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Low Carbon and Ecological Environment Protection Research Center, Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
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11
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Du Z, Yang X, Zhou S, Jin Y, Wang W, Xia K, Chen Z. Aromatic Terpenes and Their Biosynthesis in Dendrobium, and Conjecture on the Botanical Perfumer Mechanism. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5305-5316. [PMID: 37504253 PMCID: PMC10378317 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents a systematic analysis of the studies on volatiles in Dendrobium. Among the various components, aromatic terpenes are a crucial component in the development of the aromatic characteristics of Dendrobium and other plants. Recent advancements in detection and sequencing technology have resulted in a considerable rise in research on the biosynthetic processes of aromatic terpenes in Dendrobium and other flowering plants. Nevertheless, the inquiry into the precise means by which plants regulate the proportion of diverse aromatic terpenes in their floral scent, thereby preserving their olfactory traits, requires further investigation. A conjecture on the botanical perfumer mechanism, which condensed the findings of earlier studies, was put forward to address this area of interest. Specific transcription factors likely govern the coordinated expression of multiple key terpene synthase (TPS) genes during the flowering stage of plants, thereby regulating the proportional biosynthesis of diverse aromatic terpenes and sustaining the distinctive aromatic properties of individual plants. This review serves as a significant theoretical reference for further investigations into aromatic volatile compounds in Dendrobium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Du
- Guizhou Horticulture Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Xiyu Yang
- Guizhou Horticulture Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Shuting Zhou
- Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Yuxuan Jin
- Guizhou Horticulture Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Weize Wang
- Guizhou Horticulture Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Kuaifei Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhilin Chen
- Guizhou Horticulture Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550000, China
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12
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Mehari TG, Fang H, Feng W, Zhang Y, Umer MJ, Han J, Ditta A, Khan MKR, Liu F, Wang K, Wang B. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of terpene synthases in Gossypium species in response to gossypol biosynthesis. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:197. [PMID: 37270747 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cottonseed is an invaluable resource, providing protein, oil, and abundant minerals that significantly contribute to the well-being and nutritional needs of both humans and livestock. However, cottonseed also contains a toxic substance called gossypol, a secondary metabolite in Gossypium species that plays an important role in cotton plant development and self-protection. Herein, genome-wide analysis and characterization of the terpene synthase (TPS) gene family identified 304 TPS genes in Gossypium. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the gene family was grouped into six subgroups TPS-a, TPS-b, TPS-c, TPS-e, TPS-f, and TPS-g. Whole-genome, segmental, and tandem duplication contributed to the evolution of TPS genes. According to the analysis of selection pressure, it was predicted that TPS genes experience predominantly negative selection, with positive selection occurring subsequently. RT-qPCR analysis in TM-1 and CRI-12 lines revealed GhTPS48 gene as the candidate gene for silencing experiments. To summarize, comprehensive genome-wide studies, RT-qPCR, and gene silencing experiments have collectively demonstrated the involvement of the TPS gene family in the biosynthesis of gossypol in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Wenxiang Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Jinlei Han
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Allah Ditta
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad K R Khan
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
| | - Baohua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
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13
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Wen T, Xu X, Ren A, Zhao G, Wu J. Genome-wide identification of terpenoid synthase family genes in Gossypium hirsutum and functional dissection of its subfamily cadinene synthase A in gossypol synthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1162237. [PMID: 37180387 PMCID: PMC10169749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1162237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant terpenoid synthase (TPS) family genes participate in metabolite synthesis, hormones, gossypol, etc. Here, we genome-widely identified TPS family genes in 12 land plant species. Four hundred and thirty TPS-related genes were divided into seven subfamilies. The TPS-c in Bryophytes was suggested to be the earliest subfamily, followed by the TPS-e/f and TPS-h presence in ferns. TPS-a, the largest number of genes, was derived from monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Collinearity analysis showed that 38 out of the 76 TPS genes in G. hirsutum were collinear within G. arboreum and G. raimondii. Twenty-one GhTPS-a genes belong to the cadinene synthase (GhCDN) subfamily and were divided into five groups, A, B, C, D, and E. The special cis-elements in the promoters of 12 GhCDN-A genes suggested that the JA and ethylene signaling pathways may be involved in their expression regulation. When 12 GhCDN-A genes were simultaneously silenced through virus-induced gene silencing, the glandular color of GhCDN-A-silenced plants was lighter than that of the control, supported by a gossypol content decrease based on HPLC testing, suggesting that GhCDN-A subgroup genes participate in gossypol synthesis. According to RNA-seq analysis, gossypol synthesis-related genes and disease-resistant genes in the glandular variety exhibited upregulated expression compared to the glandless variety, whereas hormone signaling-related genes were downregulated. All in all, these results revealed plant TPS gene evolution rules and dissected the TPS subfamily, GhCDN-A, function in gossypol synthesis in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Wen
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aiping Ren
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Zhao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiahe Wu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Cao Z, Ma Q, Weng Y, Shi J, Chen J, Hao Z. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of TPS Gene Family in Liriodendron chinense. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030770. [PMID: 36981040 PMCID: PMC10048281 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids play a key role in plant growth and development, supporting resistance regulation and terpene synthase (TPS), which is the last link in the synthesis process of terpenoids. Liriodendron chinense, commonly called the Chinese tulip tree, is a rare and endangered tree species of the family Magnoliaceae. However, the genome-wide identification of the TPS gene family and its transcriptional responses to development and abiotic stress are still unclear. In the present study, we identified a total of 58 TPS genes throughout the L. chinense genome. A phylogenetic tree analysis showed that they were clustered into five subfamilies and unevenly distributed across six chromosomes. A cis-acting element analysis indicated that LcTPSs were assumed to be highly responsive to stress hormones, such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Consistent with this, transcriptome data showed that most LcTPS genes responded to abiotic stress, such as cold, drought, and hot stress, at the transcriptional level. Further analysis showed that LcTPS genes were expressed in a tissue-dependent manner, especially in buds, leaves, and bark. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed that LcTPS expression was significantly higher in mature leaves compared to young leaves. These results provide a reference for understanding the function and role of the TPS family, laying a foundation for further study of the regulation of TPS in terpenoid biosynthesis in L. chinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qianxi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuhao Weng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhaodong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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15
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Yang Z, Zhan T, Xie C, Huang S, Zheng X. Genome-wide analyzation and functional characterization on the TPS family provide insight into the biosynthesis of mono-terpenes in the camphor tree. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:55-64. [PMID: 36696798 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthase (TPS) plays an important role in terpenoids biosynthesis. Cinnamomum camphora (camphor tree) contains dozens of terpenoids with medicinal value, especially borneol, which has been widely used since ancient times. However, limited information is available regarding the genome-wide identification and characterization of the TPS family in the C. camphora. In this study, 82 CcTPS genes were identified from the camphor tree genome (CTG). Gene cluster and sequence syntenic analysis suggested that tandem duplication occurred within the TPS family of the CTG, especially for the TPS-b subfamily. The chemotype-specific gene expression analysis showed significantly differential expression patterns among six chemotypes. It is worth noting that three genes (CcTPS26, CcTPS49 and CcTPS72) exhibited relatively high expression in the borneol-type camphor tree, compared to the other five chemotypes. Further functional characterization of them indicated that they were all bornyl diphosphate synthases (BPPSs), which function in catalyzing GPP into BPP and then undergoes dephosphorylation to yield borneol. This is the first report that multiple BPPSs exist within a single species. Intriguingly, CcTPS49 and CcTPS72 lead to the generation of dextral-borneol, while CcTPS26 contributes to the biosynthesis of levo-borneol. In addition, the functional characterization of another six CcTPSs suggested that they are responsible for the biosynthesis of linalool, eucalyptol and several other monoterpenes in camphor tree. In conclusion, these novel results provide a foundation for further exploration of the role of the CcTPS gene family and shed light on a better understanding of the biosynthesis and accumulation of monoterpenes in camphor tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerui Yang
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ting Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chunzhu Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Song Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiasheng Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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16
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Zheng BQ, Li XQ, Wang Y. New Insights into the Mechanism of Spatiotemporal Scent Accumulation in Orchid Flowers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:304. [PMID: 36679016 PMCID: PMC9866394 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Orchid flowers have a unique structure that consists of three sepals and three petals, with one of the petals forming the labellum (lip) that can be differentiated into the hypochile and epichile. In orchids, the emission of floral scent is specific and spatially complex. Little is understood about the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of the differing scent emissions between the parts of orchid flowers. Here, we investigated this in the Cattleya hybrid KOVA, and our study showed that monoterpenes, including linalool and geraniol, are the main components responsible for the KOVA floral scent. The KOVA flower was scentless to the human nose before it reached full bloom, potentially because the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthases (RcDXSs) and 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate synthases (RcHDSs) that biosynthesize monoterpenes were highly expressed in flowers only when it reached full flowering. Additionally, the spatial expression profile of the monoterpene synthases (RcMTPSs), which were highly expressed in the basal region of the lip (hypochile), contributed to the highest monoterpene emissions from this part of the flower. This might have caused the hypochile to be more fragrant than the other parts of the flower. These findings enrich our understanding of the difference in scents between different flower parts in plants and provide information to breed novel orchid cultivars with special floral scents.
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17
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In Silico Genome-Wide Mining and Analysis of Terpene Synthase Gene Family in Hevea Brasiliensis. Biochem Genet 2022; 61:1185-1209. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Abbas F, Guo S, Zhou Y, Wu J, Amanullah S, Wang HC, Shen J. Metabolome and transcriptome analysis of terpene synthase genes and their putative role in floral aroma production in Litchi chinensis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13796. [PMID: 36251666 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are essential traits of flowers since they attract pollinators, aid in seed distribution, protect the plant from internal and external stimuli, and are involved in plant-plant and plant-environment interactions. Apart from their role in plants, VOCs are used in pharmaceuticals, fragrances, cosmetics, and flavorings. Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a popular fruit due to its enticing red appearance, exotic taste, and high nutritional qualities. Litchi flowers bloom as inflorescences primarily on the shoot terminals. There are three distinct flower types, two male and one female, all of which are produced on the same panicle and rely on insect pollination. Herein, we used a comprehensive metabolomic approach to examine the volatile profile of litchi fruit (green pericarp, yellow pericarp, and red pericarp) as well as male and female flowers (bud stage, half open and full bloom). From a quantitative examination of the volatiles in L. chinensis, a total of 19, 22, and 21 VOCs were discovered from female flowers, male flowers, and fruits, with the majority of them belonging to sesquiterpenes. Multivariate analysis revealed that the volatile profiles of fruits differ from those of male and female flowers. Three VOCs were unique to male flowers and ten to the fruit, while eight VOCs were shared by both male and female flowers and eleven by both male and female flowers and the fruit. Furthermore, for the first time, we identified and comprehensively studied the TERPENE SYNTHASE genes (TPS) using the litchi genome and transcriptome database, which revealed 38 TPS genes unevenly distributed across the 15 chromosomes. A phylogenetic study showed that LcTPS were grouped into TPS-b, TPS-c, TPS-e, TPS-f, and TPS-g subfamilies, with TPS-b having the most genes. The conserved motifs (RRX8 W, NSE/DTE, and DDXX D) were studied in LcTPSs, and significant variation between subfamilies was discovered. Furthermore, after integrating the metabolome and transcriptome datasets, several VOCs were shown to be development-specific and highly linked with distinct LcTPS genes, making them promising biomarkers. Interestingly, LcTPS17/20/23/24/31 were associated with monoterpene edges, while the rest were connected to sesquiterpene edges, indicating their probable participation in the aroma biosynthesis mechanism of certain compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abbas
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sikandar Amanullah
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui-Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China/Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Li X, Hu Y, Su M, Zhang M, Du J, Zhou H, Zhang X, Ye Z. Genome-wide analysis of terpene synthase gene family to explore candidate genes related to disease resistance in Prunus persica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1032838. [PMID: 36388503 PMCID: PMC9660250 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1032838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In plants, a family of terpene synthases (TPSs) is responsible for the biosynthesis of terpenes and contributes to species-specific diversity of volatile organic compounds, which play essential roles in fitness of plants. However, little is known about the TPS gene family in peach and/or nectarine (Prunus persica L.). In this study, we identified 40 PpTPS genes in peach genome v2.0. Although these PpTPSs could be clustered into five classes, they distribute in several gene clusters of three chromosomes, share conserved exon-intron organizations, and code similar protein motifs. Thirty-five PpTPSs, especially PpTPS2, PpTPS23, PpTPS17, PpTPS18, and PpTPS19, altered their transcript levels after inoculation with Botryosphaeria dothidea, a cause of peach gummosis, compared to the mock treatments, which might further affect the contents of 133 terpenoids at 48 hours and/or 84 hours post inoculations in the current-year shoots of 'Huyou018', a highly susceptible nectarine cultivar. Moreover, about fifteen PpTPSs, such as PpTPS1, PpTPS2, PpTPS3, and PpTPS5, showed distinct expression patterns during fruit development and ripening in two peach cultivars, yellow-fleshed 'Jinchun' and white-fleshed 'Hikawa Hakuho'. Among them, the transcription level of chloroplast-localized PpTPS3 was obviously related to the content of linalool in fruit pulps. In addition, elevated concentrations (0.1 g/L to 1.0 g/L) of linalool showed antifungal activities in PDA medium. These results improve our understanding of peach PpTPS genes and their potential roles in defense responses against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Li
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Runzhuang Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingshen Su
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Du
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Zhou
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianan Zhang
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengwen Ye
- Forest and Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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20
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Kianersi F, Amin Azarm D, Fatemi F, Pour-Aboughadareh A, Poczai P. Methyl Jasmonate Induces Genes Involved in Linalool Accumulation and Increases the Content of Phenolics in Two Iranian Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Ecotypes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101717. [PMID: 36292602 PMCID: PMC9602312 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal herb coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), with a high linalool (LIN) content, is widely recognized for its therapeutic benefits. As a novel report, the goals of this study were to determine how methyl jasmonate (MeJA) affects total phenolic content (TPC), LIN content, flavonoid content (TFC), and changes in gene expression involved in the linalool biosynthesis pathway (CsγTRPS and CsLINS). Our findings showed that, in comparison to the control samples, MeJA treatment substantially enhanced the TPC, LIN, and TFC content in both ecotypes. Additionally, for both Iranian coriander ecotypes, treatment-induced increases in CsγTRPS and CsLINS expression were connected to LIN accumulation in all treatments. A 24 h treatment with 150 µM MeJA substantially increased the LIN content in the Mashhad and Zanjan ecotypes, which was between 1.48 and 1.69 times greater than that in untreated plants, according to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Our findings demonstrated that MeJA significantly affects the accumulation of LIN, TPC, and TFC in Iranian C. sativum treated with MeJA, which is likely the consequence of gene activation from the monoterpene biosynthesis pathway. Our discoveries have improved the understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind LIN synthesis in coriander plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Kianersi
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence: (F.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Davood Amin Azarm
- Department of Horticulture Crop Research, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan P.O. Box 81785-199, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fatemi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan P.O. Box 6517838695, Iran
| | - Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh
- Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj P.O. Box 3158854119, Iran
| | - Peter Poczai
- Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (F.K.); (P.P.)
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21
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Song H, Li Y, Wang Z, Duan Z, Wang Y, Yang E, Que Q, Chen X, Li P. Transcriptome profiling of Toona ciliata young stems in response to Hypsipyla robusta Moore. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:950945. [PMID: 36105698 PMCID: PMC9465623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.950945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toona ciliata is a traditional woody plant that can be used as a medicinal material in China. The extracts of its roots, stems, leaves, and flowers all have a wide range of bioactive compounds. However, T. ciliata has been facing an unresolved pest problem caused by Hypsipyla robusta Moore (HRM), which seriously affects its growth and development. In this study, the expression level of TcMYB3 gene reached the maximum (28-fold) at 12 h and transcriptome sequencing of young stems eaten by HRM for 0, 3, 12, and 21 h were performed. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified including jointly up-regulated genes (263) and down-regulated genes (378). JA synthesis and signaling transduction, terpene biosynthesis, and MAPKs signaling pathway were analyzed in depth and found that TcOPR3, TcJAR1, TcJAZs, and TcTPS9 genes possessed anti-insect potential. Moreover, MYB and ERF transcription factor (TF) families were significantly strengthened to the point that they may participate in induced defense mechanisms in T. ciliata. These data not only provide insights into the molecular mechanisms in resistance of T. ciliata to HRM but also helps to explore the new biocontrol strategies against insects in eco-friendly woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Song
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Duan
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueyang Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Endian Yang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmin Que
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Wang H, Dong Z, Chen J, Wang M, Ding Y, Xue Q, Liu W, Niu Z, Ding X. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the Hsp20, Hsp70 and Hsp90 gene family in Dendrobium officinale. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:979801. [PMID: 36035705 PMCID: PMC9399769 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.979801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale, an important orchid plant with great horticultural and medicinal values, frequently suffers from abiotic or biotic stresses in the wild, which may influence its well-growth. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) play essential roles in the abiotic stress response of plants. However, they have not been systematically investigated in D. officinale. Here, we identified 37 Hsp20 genes (DenHsp20s), 43 Hsp70 genes (DenHsp70s) and 4 Hsp90 genes (DenHsp90s) in D. officinale genome. These genes were classified into 8, 4 and 2 subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis and subcellular predication, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that the same subfamily members have relatively conserved gene structures and similar protein motifs. Moreover, we identified 33 pairs of paralogs containing 30 pairs of tandem duplicates and 3 pairs of segmental duplicates among these genes. There were 7 pairs in DenHsp70s under positive selection, which may have important functions in helping cells withstand extreme stress. Numerous gene promoter sequences contained stress and hormone response cis-elements, especially light and MeJA response elements. Under MeJA stress, DenHsp20s, DenHsp70s and DenHsp90s responded to varying degrees, among which DenHsp20-5,6,7,16 extremely up-regulated, which may have a strong stress resistance. Therefore, these findings could provide useful information for evolutional and functional investigations of Hsp20, Hsp70 and Hsp90 genes in D. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongman Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Technical Industrialization for Dendrobium, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuqi Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Technical Industrialization for Dendrobium, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbing Chen
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Ding
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyun Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Technical Industrialization for Dendrobium, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Technical Industrialization for Dendrobium, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhitao Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Technical Industrialization for Dendrobium, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Technical Industrialization for Dendrobium, Nanjing, China
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23
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Orchid Biochemistry 2.0. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126823. [PMID: 35743269 PMCID: PMC9224461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Special Issue entitled "Orchid Biochemistry", researchers explored the biochemistry and molecular mechanisms of pigment formation, flower scent, bioactive compounds, plant-microbial interaction, as well as aspects of biotechnology, and these studies have greatly enriched the understanding in the field of orchid biology [...].
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24
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Zhan X, Qian Y, Mao B. Metabolic Profiling of Terpene Diversity and the Response of Prenylsynthase-Terpene Synthase Genes during Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Dendrobium catenatum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126398. [PMID: 35742843 PMCID: PMC9223610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium catenatum is a widely cultivated Chinese orchid herb rich in abundant secondary metabolites, such as terpenes. However, terpene distribution and characterization of terpene biosynthesis-related genes remain unknown in D. catenatum. In this study, metabolic profiling was performed to analyze terpene distribution in the root, stem, leaf, and flower of D. catenatum. A total of 74 terpene compounds were identified and classified. Clustering analysis revealed that terpene compounds exhibited a tissue-specific accumulation, including monoterpenes in the flowers, sesquiterpenes in the stems, and triterpenes in the roots. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the ‘terpenoid backbone biosynthesis’ pathway was only significantly enriched in root vs. flower. The expression of terpene biosynthesis-related genes was spatiotemporal in the flowers. Prenylsynthase-terpene synthases (PS-TPSs) are the largest and core enzymes for generating terpene diversity. By systematic sequence analysis of six species, 318 PS-TPSs were classified into 10 groups and 51 DcaPS-TPSs were found in eight of them. Eighteen DcaPS-TPSs were regulated by circadian rhythm under drought stress. Most of the DcaPS-TPSs were influenced by cold stress and fungi infection. The cis-element of the majority of the DcaPS-TPS promoters was related to abiotic stress and plant development. Methyl jasmonate levels were significantly associated with DcaTPSs expression and terpene biosynthesis. These results provide insight into further functional investigation of DcaPS-TPSs and the regulation of terpene biosynthesis in Dendrobium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiao Zhan
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China;
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (B.M.)
| | - Yichun Qian
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Bizeng Mao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China;
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (B.M.)
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25
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Song C, Ma J, Li G, Pan H, Zhu Y, Jin Q, Cai Y, Han B. Natural Composition and Biosynthetic Pathways of Alkaloids in Medicinal Dendrobium Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:850949. [PMID: 35599884 PMCID: PMC9121007 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium is the second biggest genus in the Orchidaceae family, some of which have both ornamental and therapeutic values. Alkaloids are a group of active chemicals found in Dendrobium plants. Dendrobine has emerged specific pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Although Dendrobium alkaloids have been isolated and identified since the 1930s, the composition of alkaloids and their biosynthesis pathways, including metabolic intermediates, alkaloid transporters, concrete genes involved in downstream pathways, and associated gene clusters, have remained unresolved scientific issues. This paper comprehensively reviews currently identified and tentative alkaloids from the aspect of biogenic pathways or metabolic genes uncovered based on the genome annotations. The biosynthesis pathways of each class of alkaloids are highlighted. Moreover, advances of the high-throughput sequencing technologies in the discovery of Dendrobium alkaloid pathways have been addressed. Applications of synthetic biology in large-scale production of alkaloids are also described. This would serve as the basis for further investigation into Dendrobium alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Song
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Jingbo Ma
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Guohui Li
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Haoyu Pan
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Yanfang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Qing Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongping Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Bangxing Han
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
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26
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Yuan Y, Zuo J, Zhang H, Zu M, Yu M, Liu S. Transcriptome and metabolome profiling unveil the accumulation of flavonoids in Dendrobium officinale. Genomics 2022; 114:110324. [PMID: 35247586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale is a Chinese herbal medicine with a long history of use in China. Flavonoids are known to be an important secondary metabolite in Dendrobium officinale, but very little is known about their molecular regulation mechanism in D. officinale. In this study, we collected one to four years old D. officinale stems for the purpose of RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry data collection. The results showed that metabolome analysis detected 124 different flavonoid metabolites of which flavonol metabolites were significantly increased in biennial samples. In the transcriptome analysis, 30 different genes involved in the synthesis of flavonoid were identified. The key genes FLS (LOC110101392, LOC110107557, LOC110114894) that regulate the synthesis of flavonols are highly expressed in biennial samples. The present study contributes a new insight into the molecular mechanism of flavonoid accumulation in D. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdan Yuan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jiajia Zuo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mengting Zu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Maoyun Yu
- Anhui Tongjisheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Lu'an 237000, China.
| | - Sian Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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27
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Yan Y, Li M, Zhang X, Kong W, Bendahmane M, Bao M, Fu X. Tissue-Specific Expression of the Terpene Synthase Family Genes in Rosa chinensis and Effect of Abiotic Stress Conditions. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030547. [PMID: 35328100 PMCID: PMC8950262 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rose (Rosa chinensis) is one of the most famous ornamental plants worldwide, with a variety of colors and fragrances. Terpene synthases (TPSs) play critical roles in the biosynthesis of terpenes. In this work, we report a comprehensive study on the genome-wide identification and characterization of the TPS family in R. chinensis. We identified 49 TPS genes in the R. chinensis genome, and they were grouped into five subfamilies (TPS-a, TPS-b, TPS-c, TPS-g and TPS-e/f). Phylogenetics, gene structure and conserved motif analyses indicated that the RcTPS genes possessed relatively conserved gene structures and the RcTPS proteins contained relatively conserved motifs. Multiple putative cis-acting elements involved in the stress response were identified in the promoter region of RcTPS genes, suggesting that some could be regulated by stress. The expression profile of RcTPS genes showed that they were predominantly expressed in the petals of open flowers, pistils, leaves and roots. Under osmotic and heat stresses, the expression of most RcTPS genes was upregulated. These data provide a useful foundation for deciphering the functional roles of RcTPS genes during plant growth as well as addressing the link between terpene biosynthesis and abiotic stress responses in roses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Mouliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Xiaoni Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (X.Z.); (W.K.)
| | - Weilong Kong
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China; (X.Z.); (W.K.)
| | - Mohammed Bendahmane
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Development des Plantes, Ecole Normale Supérieure Lyon, 520074 Lyon, France;
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Xiaopeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Y.); (M.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-159-2625-8658; Fax: +86-027-8728-2010
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28
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Ali M, Alshehri D, Alkhaibari AM, Elhalem NA, Darwish DBE. Cloning and Characterization of 1,8-Cineole Synthase ( SgCINS) Gene From the Leaves of Salvia guaranitica Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:869432. [PMID: 35498676 PMCID: PMC9051517 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes are one of the most common groups belonging to the terpenoid family, with a C10 structure comprising of two isoprene units. Most of monoterpenes are volatile plant compounds, and they act as signaling molecules between plants and the environment, particularly as defensive compounds against herbivores and pathogens. In this study, 1,8-cineole synthase (SgCINS) gene was identified and cloned from the leaves of Salvia guaranitica plant. To examine the role of SgCINS in insect resistance, we transformed and expressed this gene into tobacco leaves. The metabolic analysis revealed that the production of various types and amount of terpenoid was increased and decreased in SgCINS overexpression and control lines, respectively, suggesting that overexpressing SgCINS in transgenic tobacco plants lead to an increase in the production of various types of terpenoids and other phytochemical compounds. These results indicated why transgenic tobacco was highly resistant against cotton worm than the highly susceptible control plants. Our results demonstrate that the SgCINS gene can play an important role in plants against cotton worm insect attack, and pave the way for using terpenoids genes for improving resistance to insect attack in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali
- Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, North Sinai Research Station, Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Ali, , , orcid.org/0000-0001-9232-1781
| | - Dikhnah Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Naeema A. Elhalem
- Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, North Sinai Research Station, Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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29
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Wang QQ, Zhu MJ, Yu X, Bi YY, Zhou Z, Chen MK, Chen J, Zhang D, Ai Y, Liu ZJ, Lan S. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Terpene Synthase Genes in Cymbidium faberi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:751853. [PMID: 34899778 PMCID: PMC8656225 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.751853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthases (TPSs) are essential for forming terpenes, which play numerous functional roles in attracting pollinators, defending plants, and moderating the interaction between plants. TPSs have been reported in some orchids, but genome-wide identification of terpenes in Cymbidium faberi is still lacking. In this study, 32 putative TPS genes were classified in C. faberi and divided into three subfamilies (TPS-a, TPS-b, and TPS-e/f). Motif and gene structure analysis revealed that most CfTPS genes had the conserved aspartate-rich DDxxD motif. TPS genes in the TPS-a and TPS-b subfamilies had variations in the RRX8W motif. Most cis-elements of CfTPS genes were found in the phytohormone responsiveness category, and MYC contained most of the numbers associated with MeJA responsiveness. The Ka/Ks ratios of 12/13 CfTPS gene pairs were less than one, indicated that most CfTPS genes have undergone negative selection. The tissue-specific expression patterns showed that 28 genes were expressed in at least one tissue in C. faberi, and TPS genes were most highly expressed in flowers, followed by leaves and pseudobulbs. In addition, four CfTPS genes were selected for the real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) experiment. The results revealed that CfTPS12, CfTPS18, CfTPS23, and CfTPS28 were mainly expressed in the full flowering stage. CfTPS18 could convert GPP to β-myrcene, geraniol, and α-pinene in vitro. These findings of CfTPS genes of C. faberi may provide valuable information for further studies on TPSs in orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Jia Zhu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yang Bi
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming-Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiating Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Diyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Ai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Vegetable and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Siren Lan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Han S, Jiao Z, Niu MX, Yu X, Huang M, Liu C, Wang HL, Zhou Y, Mao W, Wang X, Yin W, Xia X. Genome-Wide Comprehensive Analysis of the GASA Gene Family in Populus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212336. [PMID: 34830215 PMCID: PMC8624709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) proteins, as cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs), play roles in development and reproduction and biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the GASA gene family has been identified in plants, the knowledge about GASAs in Populus euphratica, the woody model plant for studying abiotic stress, remains limited. Here, we referenced the well-sequenced Populus trichocarpa genome, and identified the GASAs in the whole genome of P. euphratica and P. trichocarpa. 21 candidate genes in P. trichocarpa and 19 candidate genes in P. euphratica were identified and categorized into three subfamilies by phylogenetic analysis. Most GASAs with signal peptides were located extracellularly. The GASA genes in Populus have experienced multiple gene duplication events, especially in the subfamily A. The evolution of the subfamily A, with the largest number of members, can be attributed to whole-genome duplication (WGD) and tandem duplication (TD). Collinearity analysis showed that WGD genes played a leading role in the evolution of GASA genes subfamily B. The expression patterns of P. trichocarpa and P. euphratica were investigated using the PlantGenIE database and the real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. GASA genes in P. trichocarpa and P. euphratica were mainly expressed in young tissues and organs, and almost rarely expressed in mature leaves. GASA genes in P. euphratica leaves were also widely involved in hormone responses and drought stress responses. GUS activity assay showed that PeuGASA15 was widely present in various organs of the plant, especially in vascular bundles, and was induced by auxin and inhibited by mannitol dramatically. In summary, this present study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the function of GASA genes in P. euphratica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Zhiyin Jiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Meng-Xue Niu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Xiao Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Mengbo Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Chao Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Hou-Ling Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Yangyan Zhou
- Salver Academy of Botany, Rizhao 276800, China; (Y.Z.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Wei Mao
- Salver Academy of Botany, Rizhao 276800, China; (Y.Z.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Salver Academy of Botany, Rizhao 276800, China; (Y.Z.); (W.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Weilun Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-10-62336400 (X.X.)
| | - Xinli Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (S.H.); (Z.J.); (M.-X.N.); (X.Y.); (M.H.); (C.L.); (H.-L.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-10-62336400 (X.X.)
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Zhang Y, Zhang GQ, Zhang D, Liu XD, Xu XY, Sun WH, Yu X, Zhu X, Wang ZW, Zhao X, Zhong WY, Chen H, Yin WL, Huang T, Niu SC, Liu ZJ. Chromosome-scale assembly of the Dendrobium chrysotoxum genome enhances the understanding of orchid evolution. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:183. [PMID: 34465765 PMCID: PMC8408244 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As one of the largest families of angiosperms, the Orchidaceae family is diverse. Dendrobium represents the second largest genus of the Orchidaceae. However, an assembled high-quality genome of species in this genus is lacking. Here, we report a chromosome-scale reference genome of Dendrobium chrysotoxum, an important ornamental and medicinal orchid species. The assembled genome size of D. chrysotoxum was 1.37 Gb, with a contig N50 value of 1.54 Mb. Of the sequences, 95.75% were anchored to 19 pseudochromosomes. There were 30,044 genes predicted in the D. chrysotoxum genome. Two whole-genome polyploidization events occurred in D. chrysotoxum. In terms of the second event, whole-genome duplication (WGD) was also found to have occurred in other Orchidaceae members, which diverged mainly via gene loss immediately after the WGD event occurred; the first duplication was found to have occurred in most monocots (tau event). We identified sugar transporter (SWEET) gene family expansion, which might be related to the abundant medicinal compounds and fleshy stems of D. chrysotoxum. MADS-box genes were identified in D. chrysotoxum, as well as members of TPS and Hsp90 gene families, which are associated with resistance, which may contribute to the adaptive evolution of orchids. We also investigated the interplay among carotenoid, ABA, and ethylene biosynthesis in D. chrysotoxum to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of the short flowering period of orchids with yellow flowers. The reference D. chrysotoxum genome will provide important insights for further research on medicinal active ingredients and breeding and enhances the understanding of orchid evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Orchid Conservation and Research Center, The National Orchid Conservation Center, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Diyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xue-Die Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xin-Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wei-Hong Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | | | | | | | - Hongfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Wei-Lun Yin
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China.
| | - Shan-Ce Niu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Xu S, Ding Y, Sun J, Zhang Z, Wu Z, Yang T, Shen F, Xue G. A high-quality genome assembly of Jasminum sambac provides insight into floral trait formation and Oleaceae genome evolution. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:724-739. [PMID: 34460989 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most economically significant Oleaceae family members, Jasminum sambac is renowned for its distinct sweet, heady fragrance. Using Illumina reads, Nanopore long reads, and HiC-sequencing, we efficiently assembled and annotated the J. sambac genome. The high-quality genome assembly consisted of a total of 507 Mb sequence (contig N50 = 17.6 Mb) with 13 pseudomolecules. A total of 21,143 protein-coding genes and 303 Mb repeat sequences were predicted. An ancient whole-genome triplication event at the base of Oleaceae (~66 million years ago [Ma], Late Cretaceous) was identified and this may have contributed to the diversification of the Oleaceae ancestor and its divergence from the Lamiales. Stress-related (e.g., WRKY) and flowering-related (e.g., MADS-box) genes were located in the triplicated regions, suggesting that the polyploidy event might have contributed adaptive potential. Genes related to terpenoid biosynthesis, for example, FTA and TPS, were observed to be duplicated to a great extent in the J. sambac genome, perhaps explaining the strong fragrance of the flowers. Copy number changes in distinct phylogenetic clades of the MADS-box family were observed in J. sambac genome, for example, AGL6- and Mα- were lost and SOC- expanded, features that might underlie the long flowering period of J. sambac. The structural genes implicated in anthocyanin biosynthesis were depleted and this may explain the absence of vivid colours in jasmine. Collectively, assembling the J. sambac genome provides new insights into the genome evolution of the Oleaceae family and provides mechanistic insights into floral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiao Xu
- Tobacco College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Tobacco Biology & Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemisty Research Centre, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Yongle Ding
- Tobacco College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Tobacco Biology & Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemisty Research Centre, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Juntao Sun
- Tobacco College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Tobacco Biology & Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemisty Research Centre, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Tobacco College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Tobacco Biology & Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemisty Research Centre, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhaoyun Wu
- Tobacco College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Tobacco Biology & Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemisty Research Centre, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Tiezhao Yang
- Tobacco College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Beijing Agro-biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Xue
- Tobacco College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Tobacco Biology & Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemisty Research Centre, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
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Yu Z, Zhang G, Teixeira da Silva JA, Zhao C, Duan J. The methyl jasmonate-responsive transcription factor DobHLH4 promotes DoTPS10, which is involved in linalool biosynthesis in Dendrobium officinale during floral development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 309:110952. [PMID: 34134848 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Linalool is an aromatic monoterpene produced in the Chinese medicinal plant Dendrobium officinale, but little information is available on the regulation of linalool biosynthesis. Here, a novel basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, DobHLH4 from D. officinale, was identified and functionally characterized. The expression profile of DobHLH4 was positively correlated with that of DoTPS10 (R2 = 0.985, p < 0.01), which encodes linalool synthase that is responsible for linalool production, during floral development. DobHLH4 was highly expressed in petals, and was significantly induced by methyl jasmonate. Analysis of subcellular localization showed that DobHLH4 was located in the nucleus. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays indicated that DobHLH4 bound directly to the DoTPS10 promoter harboring the G-box element, and up-regulated DoTPS10 expression. A yeast two-hybrid screen confirmed that DobHLH4 physically interacted with DoJAZ1, suggesting that DobHLH4 might function in the jasmonic acid-mediated accumulation of linalool. Furthermore, transient overexpression of DobHLH4 in D. officinale petals significantly increased linalool production by triggering linalool biosynthetic pathway genes, especially DoTPS10. We suggest a hypothetical model that depicts how jasmonic acid signaling may regulate DoTPS10 by interacting with DobHLH4 and DoJAZ1. In doing so, the formation of linalool is controlled. Our results indicate that DobHLH4 is a positive regulator of linalool biosynthesis and may be a promising target for in vitro-based metabolic engineering to produce linalool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Yu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Guihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | | | - Conghui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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Das A, Begum K, Akhtar S, Ahmed R, Kulkarni R, Banu S. Genome-wide detection and classification of terpene synthase genes in Aquilaria agallochum. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1711-1729. [PMID: 34539112 PMCID: PMC8405786 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Agarwood, one of the precious woods in the globe, is produced by Aquilaria plant species during an upshot of wounding and infection. Produced as a defence response, the dark, fragrant resin gets secreted in the plant's duramen, which is impregnated with fragrant molecules with the due course. Agarwood has gained worldwide popularity due to its high aromatic oil, fragrance, and pharmaceutical value, which makes it highly solicited by numerous industries. Predominant chemical constituents of agarwood, sesquiterpenoids, and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones have been scrutinized to comprehend the scientific nature of the fragrant wood and develop novel products. However, the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these aromatic compounds are still not comprehensively studied in Aquilaria. In this study, publicly available genomic and transcriptomics data of Aquilaria agallochum were integrated to identify putative functional terpene synthase genes (TPSs). The in silico study enabled us to identify ninety-six TPSs, of which thirty-nine full-length genes were systematically classified into TPS-a, TPS-b, TPS-c, TPS-e, TPS-f, and TPS-g subfamilies based on their gene structure, conserve motif, and phylogenetic comparison with TPSs from other plant species. Analysis of the cis-regulatory elements present upstream of AaTPSs revealed their association with hormone, stress and light responses. In silico expression studies detected their up-regulation in stress induced tissue. This study provides a basic understanding of terpene synthase gene repertoire in Aquilaria agallochum and unlatches opportunities for the biochemical characterization and biotechnological exploration of these genes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01040-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Das
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
| | - Khaleda Begum
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
| | - Suraiya Akhtar
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
| | - Raja Ahmed
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
| | - Ram Kulkarni
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, India
| | - Sofia Banu
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
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Li RS, Zhu JH, Guo D, Li HL, Wang Y, Ding XP, Mei WL, Chen ZB, Dai HF, Peng SQ. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of terpene synthase gene family in Aquilaria sinensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:185-194. [PMID: 34004556 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agarwood is the resinous portion of Aquilaria trees, and has been widely used as medicine and incense. Sesquiterpenes are the main chemical characteristic constituents of agarwood. Terpene synthase (TPS) is a critical enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of sesquiterpene compounds. However, limited information is available on genome-wide identification and characterization of the TPS family in Aquilaria trees. In this study, TPS gene family was identified and characterized in Aquilaria sinensis by bioinformatics methods. The expression of those genes was analyzed by RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR. Transcription factors regulating TPS gene expression were identified by yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assay. In total, 26 AsTPS genes (AsTPS1-AsTPS26) were identified, which were classified into five subgroups. Many putative cis-elements putatively involved in stresses and phytohormones (especially jasmonic acid) were identified in the promoter regions of AsTPSs, suggesting that AsTPSs genes may be regulated by stresses and jasmonic acid. Expression analysis revealed seven TPS genes encoding sesquiterpene synthetases were induced by wounding and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA), which may be related to sesquiterpene biosynthesis. By yeast one-hybrid screening, a ERF transcription factor AsERF1 was identified to interact with the AsTPS1 promoter. Subcellular localization analysis indicated AsERF1 was a nucleus-localized protein. Transient transfection of AsERF1 in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana significantly enhanced the promoter activation of AsTPS1, suggesting AsERF1 may participate in sesquiterpene biosynthesis by regulating AsTPS1 expression. These data generated in this study provide a foundation for future studies on functional roles and regulation mechanisms of AsTPS in sesquiterpene biosynthesis and agarwood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163000, China
| | - Jia-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Hui-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xu-Po Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Wen-Li Mei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Zhi-Bao Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163000, China; College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Shi-Qing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Huang LM, Huang H, Chuang YC, Chen WH, Wang CN, Chen HH. Evolution of Terpene Synthases in Orchidaceae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6947. [PMID: 34203299 PMCID: PMC8268431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are the largest class of plant secondary metabolites and are one of the major emitted volatile compounds released to the atmosphere. They have functions of attracting pollinators or defense function, insecticidal properties, and are even used as pharmaceutical agents. Because of the importance of terpenoids, an increasing number of plants are required to investigate the function and evolution of terpene synthases (TPSs) that are the key enzymes in terpenoids biosynthesis. Orchidacea, containing more than 800 genera and 28,000 species, is one of the largest and most diverse families of flowering plants, and is widely distributed. Here, the diversification of the TPSs evolution in Orchidaceae is revealed. A characterization and phylogeny of TPSs from four different species with whole genome sequences is available. Phylogenetic analysis of orchid TPSs indicates these genes are divided into TPS-a, -b, -e/f, and g subfamilies, and their duplicated copies are increased in derived orchid species compared to that in the early divergence orchid, A. shenzhenica. The large increase of both TPS-a and TPS-b copies can probably be attributed to the pro-duction of different volatile compounds for attracting pollinators or generating chemical defenses in derived orchid lineages; while the duplications of TPS-g and TPS-e/f copies occurred in a species-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (L.-M.H.); (H.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Hsin Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (L.-M.H.); (H.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Yu-Chen Chuang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (L.-M.H.); (H.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Wen-Huei Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (L.-M.H.); (H.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (W.-H.C.)
- Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Neng Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Hong-Hwa Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (L.-M.H.); (H.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (W.-H.C.)
- Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Li N, Dong Y, Lv M, Qian L, Sun X, Liu L, Cai Y, Fan H. Combined Analysis of Volatile Terpenoid Metabolism and Transcriptome Reveals Transcription Factors Related to Terpene Synthase in Two Cultivars of Dendrobium officinale Flowers. Front Genet 2021; 12:661296. [PMID: 33968137 PMCID: PMC8101708 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.661296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale is a kind of traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Its flowers could be used as health care tea for its aroma flavor and medicinal value. Most recent studies demonstrated that terpenoids are the main components of the aromatic compounds in the flowers, but the biosynthesis of terpenoids is poorly understood in D. officinale. In the experiment, the flowers from two cultivars of D. officinale with different smells were collected. The transcriptome analysis and combined volatile terpenoids determination were performed to identify the genes related to the biosynthesis of the terpenoids. The results showed that the different products of volatile terpenoids are α-thujene, linalool, α-terpineol, α-phellandrene, γ-muurolene, α-patchoulene, and δ-elemene in two cultivar flowers. The transcriptome analysis detected 25,484 genes in the flowers. And 18,650 differentially expressed genes were identified between the two cultivars. Of these genes, 253 genes were mapped to the terpenoid metabolism pathway. Among these genes, 13 terpene synthase (TPS) genes may have correlations with AP2/ERF, WRKY, MYB, bHLH, and bZIP transcription factors by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The transcription factors have regulatory effects on TPS genes. These results may provide ideas for the terpenoid biosynthesis and regulatory network of D. officinale flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninghong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yingxue Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongping Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Honghong Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Zhao C, Yu Z, da Silva JAT, He C, Wang H, Si C, Zhang M, Zeng D, Duan J. Functional Characterization of a Dendrobium officinale Geraniol Synthase DoGES1 Involved in Floral Scent Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7005. [PMID: 32977586 PMCID: PMC7582308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Floral scent is a key ornamental trait that determines the quality and commercial value of orchids. Geraniol, an important volatile monoterpene in orchids that attracts pollinators, is also involved in responses to stresses but the geraniol synthase (GES) responsible for its synthesis in the medicinal orchid Dendrobium officinale has not yet been identified. In this study, three potential geraniol synthases were mined from the D. officinale genome. DoGES1, which was localized in chloroplasts, was characterized as a geraniol synthase. DoGES1 was highly expressed in flowers, especially in petals. DoGES1 transcript levels were high in the budding stage of D. officinale flowers at 11:00 a.m. DoGES1 catalyzed geraniol in vitro, and transient expression of DoGES1 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves resulted in the accumulation of geraniol in vivo. These findings on DoGES1 advance our understanding of geraniol biosynthesis in orchids, and lay the basis for genetic modification of floral scent in D. officinale or in other ornamental orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Y.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (M.Z.); (D.Z.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenming Yu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Y.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (M.Z.); (D.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | | | - Chunmei He
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Y.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (M.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Haobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Y.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (M.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Can Si
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Y.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (M.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Mingze Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Y.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (M.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Danqi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Y.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (M.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Y.); (C.H.); (H.W.); (C.S.); (M.Z.); (D.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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