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Jelínek Michaelidesová A, Kundrát P, Zahradníček O, Danilová I, Pachnerová Brabcová K, Vachelová J, Vilimovský J, David M, Vondráček V, Davídková M. First independent validation of the proton-boron capture therapy concept. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19264. [PMID: 39164312 PMCID: PMC11335746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Boron has been suggested to enhance the biological effectiveness of proton beams in the Bragg peak region via the p + 11B → 3α nuclear capture reaction. However, a number of groups have observed no such enhancement in vitro or questioned its proposed mechanism recently. To help elucidate this phenomenon, we irradiated DU145 prostate cancer or U-87 MG glioblastoma cells by clinical 190 MeV proton beams in plateau or Bragg peak regions with or without 10B or 11B isotopes added as sodium mercaptododecaborate (BSH). The results demonstrate that 11B but not 10B or other components of the BSH molecule enhance cell killing by proton beams. The enhancement occurs selectively in the Bragg peak region, is present for boron concentrations as low as 40 ppm, and is not due to secondary neutrons. The enhancement is likely initiated by proton-boron capture reactions producing three alpha particles, which are rare events occurring in a few cells only, and their effects are amplified by intercellular communication to a population-level response. The observed up to 2-3-fold reductions in survival levels upon the presence of boron for the studied prostate cancer or glioblastoma cells suggest promising clinical applications for these tumour types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jelínek Michaelidesová
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec - Řež 130, 250 68, Řež, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 78/7, 115 19, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kundrát
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec - Řež 130, 250 68, Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Zahradníček
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec - Řež 130, 250 68, Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Irina Danilová
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec - Řež 130, 250 68, Řež, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 78/7, 115 19, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jana Vachelová
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec - Řež 130, 250 68, Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vilimovský
- Proton Therapy Center Czech, Prague, Budínova 2437/1a, 180 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav David
- Thomayer University Hospital, Vídeňská 800, 140 59, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Vondráček
- Proton Therapy Center Czech, Prague, Budínova 2437/1a, 180 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Thomayer University Hospital, Vídeňská 800, 140 59, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Davídková
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec - Řež 130, 250 68, Řež, Czech Republic.
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Vicar T, Gumulec J, Kolar R, Kopecna O, Pagacova E, Falkova I, Falk M. DeepFoci: Deep learning-based algorithm for fast automatic analysis of DNA double-strand break ionizing radiation-induced foci. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 19:6465-6480. [PMID: 34976305 PMCID: PMC8668444 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), marked by ionizing radiation-induced (repair) foci (IRIFs), are the most serious DNA lesions and are dangerous to human health. IRIF quantification based on confocal microscopy represents the most sensitive and gold-standard method in radiation biodosimetry and allows research on DSB induction and repair at the molecular and single-cell levels. In this study, we introduce DeepFoci - a deep learning-based fully automatic method for IRIF counting and morphometric analysis. DeepFoci is designed to work with 3D multichannel data (trained for 53BP1 and γH2AX) and uses U-Net for nucleus segmentation and IRIF detection, together with maximally stable extremal region-based IRIF segmentation. The proposed method was trained and tested on challenging datasets consisting of mixtures of nonirradiated and irradiated cells of different types and IRIF characteristics - permanent cell lines (NHDFs, U-87) and primary cell cultures prepared from tumors and adjacent normal tissues of head and neck cancer patients. The cells were dosed with 0.5-8 Gy γ-rays and fixed at multiple (0-24 h) postirradiation times. Under all circumstances, DeepFoci quantified the number of IRIFs with the highest accuracy among current advanced algorithms. Moreover, while the detection error of DeepFoci remained comparable to the variability between two experienced experts, the software maintained its sensitivity and fidelity across dramatically different IRIF counts per nucleus. In addition, information was extracted on IRIF 3D morphometric features and repair protein colocalization within IRIFs. This approach allowed multiparameter IRIF categorization of single- or multichannel data, thereby refining the analysis of DSB repair processes and classification of patient tumors, with the potential to identify specific cell subclones. The developed software improves IRIF quantification for various practical applications (radiotherapy monitoring, biodosimetry, etc.) and opens the door to advanced DSB focus analysis and, in turn, a better understanding of (radiation-induced) DNA damage and repair.
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Key Words
- 53BP1, P53-binding protein 1
- Biodosimetry
- CNN, convolutional neural network
- Confocal Microscopy
- Convolutional Neural Network
- DNA Damage and Repair
- DSB, DNA double-strand break
- Deep Learning
- FOV, field of view
- GUI, graphical user interface
- IRIF, ionizing radiation-induced (repair) foci
- Image Analysis
- Ionizing Radiation-Induced Foci (IRIFs)
- MSER, maximally stable extremal region (algorithm)
- Morphometry
- NHDFs, normal human dermal fibroblasts
- RAD51, DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1
- U-87, U-87 glioblastoma cell line
- γH2AX, histone H2AX phosphorylated at serine 139
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vicar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno, Czech Republic.,Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kolar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Kopecna
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pagacova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Falkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Falk
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic
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Leduc A, Chaouni S, Pouzoulet F, De Marzi L, Megnin-Chanet F, Corre E, Stefan D, Habrand JL, Sichel F, Laurent C. Differential normal skin transcriptomic response in total body irradiated mice exposed to scattered versus scanned proton beams. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5876. [PMID: 33712719 PMCID: PMC7955113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton therapy allows to avoid excess radiation dose on normal tissues. However, there are some limitations. Indeed, passive delivery of proton beams results in an increase in the lateral dose upstream of the tumor and active scanning leads to strong differences in dose delivery. This study aims to assess possible differences in the transcriptomic response of skin in C57BL/6 mice after TBI irradiation by active or passive proton beams at the dose of 6 Gy compared to unirradiated mice. In that purpose, total RNA was extracted from skin samples 3 months after irradiation and RNA-Seq was performed. Results showed that active and passive delivery lead to completely different transcription profiles. Indeed, 140 and 167 genes were differentially expressed after active and passive scanning compared to unirradiated, respectively, with only one common gene corresponding to RIKEN cDNA 9930021J03. Moreover, protein-protein interactions performed by STRING analysis showed that 31 and 25 genes are functionally related after active and passive delivery, respectively, with no common gene between both types of proton delivery. Analysis showed that active scanning led to the regulation of genes involved in skin development which was not the case with passive delivery. Moreover, 14 ncRNA were differentially regulated after active scanning against none for passive delivery. Active scanning led to 49 potential mRNA-ncRNA pairs with one ncRNA mainly involved, Gm44383 which is a miRNA. The 43 genes potentially regulated by the miRNA Gm44393 confirmed an important role of active scanning on skin keratin pathway. Our results demonstrated that there are differences in skin gene expression still 3 months after proton irradiation versus unirradiated mouse skin. And strong differences do exist in late skin gene expression between scattered or scanned proton beams. Further investigations are strongly needed to understand this discrepancy and to improve treatments by proton therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Leduc
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE-EA4651, ToxEMAC, Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Samia Chaouni
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE-EA4651, ToxEMAC, Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Frédéric Pouzoulet
- Institut Curie, RadeXp Platform, centre universitaire, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ludovic De Marzi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, University Paris Saclay, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, INSERM, 91401, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Proton Therapy Centre, Centre Universitaire, 91898, Orsay, France
| | - Frédérique Megnin-Chanet
- INSERM U1196/UMR9187 CMIB, University Paris-Saclay, Institut Curie-Recherche, bât. 112, rue H. Becquerel, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Erwan Corre
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, R2424, ABiMS platform, Station Biologique, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Dinu Stefan
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE-EA4651, ToxEMAC, Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
- Radiotherapy Department, Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Louis Habrand
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE-EA4651, ToxEMAC, Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
- Radiotherapy Department, Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
| | - François Sichel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE-EA4651, ToxEMAC, Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Carine Laurent
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE-EA4651, ToxEMAC, Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France.
- SAPHYN/ARCHADE (Advanced Resource Centre for HADrontherapy in Europe), Cancer Centre François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France.
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Biological Effects of Scattered Versus Scanned Proton Beams on Normal Tissues in Total Body Irradiated Mice: Survival, Genotoxicity, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121170. [PMID: 33255388 PMCID: PMC7761103 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Side effects of proton therapy are poorly studied. Moreover, the differences in the method of dose delivery on normal tissues are not taken into account when proton beams are scanned instead of being scattered. We proposed here to study the effects of both modalities of proton beam delivery on blood; skin; lung and heart in a murine model. In that purpose; C57BL/6 mice were total body irradiated by 190.6 MeV proton beams either by Double Scattering (DS) or by Pencil Beam Scanning (PBS) in the plateau phase before the Bragg Peak. Mouse survival was evaluated. Blood and organs were removed three months after irradiation. Biomarkers of genotoxicity; oxidative stress and inflammation were measured. Proton irradiation was shown to increase lymphocyte micronucleus frequency; lung superoxide dismutase activity; erythrocyte and skin glutathione peroxidase activity; erythrocyte catalase activity; lung; heart and skin oxidized glutathione level; erythrocyte and lung lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte protein carbonylation even 3 months post-irradiation. When comparing both methods of proton beam delivery; mouse survival was not different. However, PBS significantly increased lymphocyte micronucleus frequency; erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity and heart oxidized glutathione level compared to DS. These results point out the necessity to take into account the way of delivering dose in PT as it could influence late side effects.
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Carante MP, Ballarini F. Radiation Damage in Biomolecules and Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218188. [PMID: 33139616 PMCID: PMC7662447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario P. Carante
- INFN (Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics), Sezione di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Francesca Ballarini
- INFN (Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics), Sezione di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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