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Garroni G, Cruciani S, Serra D, Pala R, Coradduzza D, Cossu ML, Ginesu GC, Ventura C, Maioli M. Effects of the MCF-7 Exhausted Medium on hADSC Behaviour. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7026. [PMID: 39000134 PMCID: PMC11241546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells possess the ability to differentiate into different lineages and the ability to self-renew, thus representing an excellent tool for regenerative medicine. They can be isolated from different tissues, including the adipose tissue. Adipose tissue and human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are privileged candidates for regenerative medicine procedures or other plastic reconstructive surgeries. The cellular environment is able to influence the fate of stem cells residing in the tissue. In a previous study, we exposed hADSCs to an exhausted medium of a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) recovered at different days (4, 7, and 10 days). In the same paper, we inferred that the medium was able to influence the behaviour of stem cells. Considering these results, in the present study, we evaluated the expression of the major genes related to adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. To confirm the gene expression data, oil red and alizarin red colorimetric assays were performed. Lastly, we evaluated the expression of miRNAs influencing the differentiation process and the proliferation rate, maintaining a proliferative state. The data obtained confirmed that cells exposed to the medium maintained a stem and proliferative state that could lead to a risky proliferative phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Garroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Diletta Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Renzo Pala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Donatella Coradduzza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Maria Laura Cossu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.L.C.); (G.C.G.)
| | - Giorgio Carlo Ginesu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.L.C.); (G.C.G.)
| | - Carlo Ventura
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Bioengineering of the National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB) c/o Eldor Lab, Via Corticella 183, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.G.); (S.C.); (D.S.); (R.P.); (D.C.)
- Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming (CEDEBIOR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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2
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Bajetto A, Pattarozzi A, Sirito R, Barbieri F, Florio T. Metformin potentiates immunosuppressant activity and adipogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:111078. [PMID: 37844465 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a first-line drug for type-2 diabetes, displays pleiotropic effects on inflammation, aging, and cancer. Obesity triggers a low-grade chronic inflammation leading to insulin resistance, characterized by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by adipocytes and infiltrated immune cells, which contributes to metabolic syndrome. We investigated metformin's differentiation and immunoregulatory properties of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC), as cellular basis of its beneficial role in metabolic dysfunctions. Isolation, characterization and multilineage differentiation of UC-MSC were performed using standard protocols and flow-cytometry. Metformin effects on UC-MSC growth was assessed by colony formation and MTT assay, gene and protein expression by qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis. Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-cultured with metformin-treated UC-MSC-conditioned media was evaluated by dye dilution assay. We show that metformin decreases proliferation and colony formation of UC-MSCs and enhances their adipogenic lineage commitment. Metformin (3 mM) increases PPARγ and downregulates FABP4 mRNA both in basal and in adipogenic culture conditions; however, the modulation of PPARγ expression is unrelated to the antiproliferative effects. Moreover, metformin inhibits UC-MSC inflammatory activity reducing the expression of IL-6, MCP-1, and COX-2. Conditioned media, collected from metformin-treated UC-MSCs, down-regulate CD3+ T lymphocyte growth in stimulated PBMCs and, in particular, reduce the CD8+ T cell population. These results indicate that metformin may favor new adipocyte formation and potentiate immune suppressive properties of UC-MSCs. Thus, adipose tissue regeneration and anti-inflammatory activity may represent possible mechanisms by which metformin exerts its positive effect on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Bajetto
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pattarozzi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sirito
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, International Evangelical Hospital, 16122 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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D'Anneo A, Lauricella M. Multimodal Strategies to Fight Obesity: Research on Tailored Therapies Based on Natural and Synthetic Compounds for Prevention, Management and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10105. [PMID: 37373254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past 50 years, the global prevalence of obesity and overweight has tripled, reaching pandemic proportions and blatantly representing an urgent problem for public health [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella D'Anneo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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4
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Dong Y, Qi Y, Jiang H, Mi T, Zhang Y, Peng C, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Zang Y, Li J. The development and benefits of metformin in various diseases. Front Med 2023; 17:388-431. [PMID: 37402952 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-0998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Metformin has been used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus for decades due to its safety, low cost, and outstanding hypoglycemic effect clinically. The mechanisms underlying these benefits are complex and still not fully understood. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory-chain complex I is the most described downstream mechanism of metformin, leading to reduced ATP production and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Meanwhile, many novel targets of metformin have been gradually discovered. In recent years, multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies are committed to extend the indications of metformin in addition to diabetes. Herein, we summarized the benefits of metformin in four types of diseases, including metabolic associated diseases, cancer, aging and age-related diseases, neurological disorders. We comprehensively discussed the pharmacokinetic properties and the mechanisms of action, treatment strategies, the clinical application, the potential risk of metformin in various diseases. This review provides a brief summary of the benefits and concerns of metformin, aiming to interest scientists to consider and explore the common and specific mechanisms and guiding for the further research. Although there have been countless studies of metformin, longitudinal research in each field is still much warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yingbei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tian Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yunkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wanchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
| | - Yi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China.
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5
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Cruciani S, Delitala AP, Cossu ML, Ventura C, Maioli M. Management of Obesity and Obesity-Related Disorders: From Stem Cells and Epigenetics to Its Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2310. [PMID: 36768633 PMCID: PMC9916844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex worldwide disease, characterized by an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation. The onset of this pathology is generally linked to a complex network of interactions among genetic and environmental factors, aging, lifestyle, and diets. During adipogenesis, several regulatory mechanisms and transcription factors are involved. As fat cells grow, adipose tissue becomes increasingly large and dysfunctional, losing its endocrine function, secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, and recruiting infiltrating macrophages. This long-term low-grade systemic inflammation results in insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. In this review we describe the main mechanisms involved in adipogenesis, from a physiological condition to obesity. Current therapeutic strategies for the management of obesity and the related metabolic syndrome are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario “Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi” (INBB), Viale delle Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Maria Laura Cossu
- General Surgery Unit 2 “Clinica Chirurgica” Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences Department, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, Eldor Lab, Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Via di Corticella 183, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario “Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi” (INBB), Viale delle Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
- Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming (CEDEBIOR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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6
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Cruciani S, Garroni G, Pala R, Coradduzza D, Cossu ML, Ginesu GC, Capobianco G, Dessole S, Ventura C, Maioli M. Metformin and vitamin D modulate adipose-derived stem cell differentiation towards the beige phenotype. Adipocyte 2022; 11:356-365. [PMID: 35734882 PMCID: PMC9235891 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2085417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent an ideal stem cell population for regenerative medicine. ADSC adipogenic differentiation is controlled by the activation of a specific transcriptional program, including epigenetic factors and key adipogenic genes. Under certain conditioned media, ADSCs can differentiate into several phenotypes. We previously demonstrated that bioactive molecules could counteract lipid accumulation and regulate adipogenesis, acting on inflammation and vitamin D metabolism. In the present paper, we aimed at evaluating the effect of metformin and vitamin D in targeting ADSC differentiation towards an intermediate phenotype, as beige adipocytes. We exposed ADSCs to different conditioned media and then we evaluated the levels of expression of main markers of adipogenesis, aP2, LPL and ACOT2. We also analysed the gene and protein expression of thermogenic UCP1 protein, and the expression of PARP1 and the beige specific marker TMEM26. Our results showed a novel effect of metformin and vitamin D not only in inhibiting adipogenesis, but also in inducing a specific ‘brown-like’ phenotype. These findings pave the way for their possible application in the control of de novo lipogenesis useful for the prevention of obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Garroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Renzo Pala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Laura Cossu
- General Surgery Unit 2 "Clinica Chirurgica" Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carlo Ginesu
- General Surgery Unit 2 "Clinica Chirurgica" Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giampiero Capobianco
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Dessole
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems - Eldor Lab, Innovation Accelerator, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming (CEDEBIOR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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7
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Zhao Z, Wang C, Jia J, Wang Z, Li L, Deng X, Cai Z, Yang L, Wang D, Ma S, Zhao L, Tu Z, Yuan G. Regulatory network of metformin on adipogenesis determined by combining high-throughput sequencing and GEO database. Adipocyte 2022; 11:56-68. [PMID: 34974794 PMCID: PMC8741290 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.2013417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose differentiation and excessive lipid accumulation are the important characteristics of obesity. Metformin, as a classic hypoglycaemic drug, has been proved to reduce body weight in type 2 diabetes, the specific mechanism has not been completely clear. A few studies have explored its effect on adipogenesis in vitro, but the existing experimental results are ambiguous. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were used to explore the effects of metformin on the morphological and physiological changes of lipid droplets during adipogenesis. A high throughput sequencing was used to examine the effects of metformin on the transcriptome of adipogenesis. Considering the inevitable errors among independent experiments, we performed integrated bioinformatics analysis to identify important genes involved in adipogenesis and reveal potential molecular mechanisms. During the process of adipogenesis, metformin visibly relieved the morphological and functional changes. In addition, metformin reverses the expression pattern of genes related to adipogenesis at the transcriptome level. Combining with integrated bioinformatics analyses to further identify the potential targeted genes regulated by metformin during adipogenesis. The present study identified novel changes in the transcriptome of metformin in the process of adipogenesis that might shed light on the underlying mechanism by which metformin impedes the progression of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jue Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhensheng Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suxian Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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8
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The role of MicroRNA networks in tissue-specific direct and indirect effects of metformin and its application. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113130. [PMID: 35598373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a first-line oral antidiabetic agent that results in clear benefits in relation to glucose metabolism and diabetes-related complications. The specific regulatory details and mechanisms underlying these benefits are still unclear and require further investigation. There is recent mounting evidence that metformin has pleiotropic effects on the target tissue development in metabolic organs, including adipose tissue, the gastrointestinal tract and the liver. The mechanism of actions of metformin are divided into direct effects on target tissues and indirect effects via non-targeted tissues. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, noncoding, negative gene regulators that have emerged as important regulators of a number of diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metformin is involved in many aspects of miRNA regulation, and metformin treatment in T2DM should be associated with other miRNA targets. A large number of miRNAs regulation by metformin in target tissues with either direct or indirect effects has gradually been revealed in the context of numerous diseases and has gradually received increasing attention. This paper thoroughly reviews the current knowledge about the role of miRNA networks in the tissue-specific direct and indirect effects of metformin. Furthermore, this knowledge provides a novel theoretical basis and suggests therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of metformin and miRNA regulators in the prevention and treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes and its complications.
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9
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Huang XY, Chen JX, Ren Y, Fan LC, Xiang W, He XJ. Exosomal miR-122 promotes adipogenesis and aggravates obesity through the VDR/SREBF1 axis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:666-679. [PMID: 35170865 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effects of miR-122-enriched exosomes on the expression of vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and their roles during adipogenesis. METHODS The roles of miR-122, SREBF1, and VDR were investigated during adipogenesis. The relationships between VDR and miR-122 or SREBF1 were assessed by dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The potential role of miR-122/VDR/SREBF1 was evaluated in high-fat diet-induced obese male mice. RESULTS High levels of miR-122 were found only in adipose tissue-derived exosomes (Exo-AT) and Exo-AT-treated cells. Overexpression of miR-122 promoted adipogenesis, and inhibition of miR-122 prevented adipogenesis by regulating VDR, SREBF1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, lipoprotein lipase, and adiponectin. Knockdown of Srebf1 or overexpression of VDR could inhibit adipogenesis. However, exosomal miR-122 could reverse their inhibitory effects. The dual-luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that VDR was a direct target of miR-122. It could bind to the BS1 region of the SREBF1 promoter and inhibit SREBF1 expression. Moreover, miR-122 inhibition could alleviate obesity in high-fat diet-induced obese male mice, possibly through upregulating the VDR/SREBF1 axis. CONCLUSION MiR-122-enriched Exo-AT promoted adipogenesis by regulating the VDR/SREBF1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Huang
- Department of Genetics, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Ji-Xiong Chen
- Department of Medical Care Center, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Li-Chun Fan
- Department of Child Healthcare, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Control of Tropical Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jie He
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Laboratory of Pediatrics Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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10
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Features and MCF-7. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071754. [PMID: 34359925 PMCID: PMC8307920 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are highly suitable for regeneration therapies being easily collected and propagated in vitro. The effects of different external factors and culturing conditions are able to affect hADSC proliferation, senescence, differentiation, and migration, even at the molecular level. In the present paper, we exposed hADSCs to an exhausted medium from the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) to evaluate whether the soluble factors released by these cells may be able to induce changes in stem cell behavior. In particular, we investigated the expression of stemness-related genes (OCT4; Sox 2; Nanog), the cell-cycle regulators p21 (WAF1/CIP1) p53, epigenetic markers (DNMT1 and Sirt1), and autophagy-related proteins. From our results, we can infer that the exhausted medium from MCF-7 is able to influence the hADSCs behavior increasing the expression of stemness-related genes, cell proliferation, and autophagy. Polyamines detectable in MCF-7 exhausted medium could be related to the higher proliferation capability observed in hADSCs, suggesting direct crosstalk between these molecules and the observed changes in stem cell potency.
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11
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Metformin and Vitamin D Modulate Inflammation and Autophagy during Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136686. [PMID: 34206506 PMCID: PMC8269127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) came out from the regenerative medicine landscape for their ability to differentiate into several phenotypes, contributing to tissue regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. Dysregulation in stem cell recruitment and differentiation during adipogenesis is linked to a chronic low-grade inflammation and macrophage infiltration inside the adipose tissue, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease and obesity. In the present paper we aimed to evaluate the role of metformin and vitamin D, alone or in combination, in modulating inflammation and autophagy in ADSCs during adipogenic commitment. ADSCs were cultured for 21 days in the presence of a specific adipogenic differentiation medium, together with metformin, or vitamin D, or both. We then analyzed the expression of FoxO1 and Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α by ELISA. Autophagy was also assessed by specific Western blot analysis of ATG12, LC3B I, and LC3B II expression. Our results showed the ability of the conditioned media to modulate adipogenic differentiation, finely tuning the inflammatory response and autophagy. We observed a modulation in HSP mRNA levels, and a significant downregulation in cytokine secretion. Taken together, our findings suggest the possible application of these molecules in clinical practice to counteract uncontrolled lipogenesis and prevent obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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12
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Alimoradi N, Firouzabadi N, Fatehi R. Metformin and insulin-resistant related diseases: Emphasis on the role of microRNAs. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111662. [PMID: 34243629 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is one of the most prescribed drugs in type II diabetes (T2DM) which has recently found new applications in the prevention and treatment of various illnesses, from metabolic disorders to cardiovascular and age-related diseases. Metformin improves insulin resistance (IR) by modulating metabolic mechanisms and mitochondrial biogenesis. Alternation of microRNAs (miRs) in the treatment of IR-related illnesses has been observed by metformin therapy. MiRs are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in RNA silencing, targeting the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of most mRNAs and inhibiting the translation of related proteins. As a result, their dysregulation is associated with many diseases. Metformin may alter miRs levels in the treatment of various diseases by AMPK-dependent or AMPK-independent mechanisms. Here, we summarized the therapeutic role of metformin by modifying the aberrant expression of miRs as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets in diseases in which IR plays a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Alimoradi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Firouzabadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reihaneh Fatehi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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